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Faus-Cotino J, Reina G, Pueyo J. Nipah Virus: A Multidimensional Update. Viruses 2024; 16:179. [PMID: 38399954 PMCID: PMC10891541 DOI: 10.3390/v16020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus to which is attributed numerous high mortality outbreaks in South and South-East Asia; Bangladesh's Nipah belt accounts for the vast majority of human outbreaks, reporting regular viral emergency events. The natural reservoir of NiV is the Pteropus bat species, which covers a wide geographical distribution extending over Asia, Oceania, and Africa. Occasionally, human outbreaks have required the presence of an intermediate amplification mammal host between bat and humans. However, in Bangladesh, the viral transmission occurs directly from bat to human mainly by ingestion of contaminated fresh date palm sap. Human infection manifests as a rapidly progressive encephalitis accounting for extremely high mortality rates. Despite that, no therapeutic agents or vaccines have been approved for human use. An updated review of the main NiV infection determinants and current potential therapeutic and preventive strategies is exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Reina
- Microbiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Javier Pueyo
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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de Campos GM, Cella E, Kashima S, Alcântara LCJ, Sampaio SC, Elias MC, Giovanetti M, Slavov SN. Updated Insights into the Phylogenetics, Phylodynamics, and Genetic Diversity of Nipah Virus (NiV). Viruses 2024; 16:171. [PMID: 38399947 PMCID: PMC10892031 DOI: 10.3390/v16020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV), a biosafety level 4 agent, was first identified in human clinical cases during an outbreak in 1998 in Malaysia and Singapore. While flying foxes are the primary host and viral vector, the infection is associated with a severe clinical presentation in humans, resulting in a high mortality rate. Therefore, NiV is considered a virus with an elevated epidemic potential which is further underscored by its recent emergence (September 2023) as an outbreak in India. Given the situation, it is paramount to understand the molecular dynamics of the virus to shed more light on its evolution and prevent potential future outbreaks. In this study, we conducted Bayesian phylogenetic analysis on all available NiV complete genomes, including partial N-gene NiV sequences (≥1000 bp) in public databases since the first human case, registered in 1998. We observed the distribution of genomes into three main clades corresponding to the genotypes Malaysia, Bangladesh and India, with the Malaysian clade being the oldest in evolutionary terms. The Bayesian skyline plot showed a recent increase in the viral population size since 2019. Protein analysis showed the presence of specific protein families (Hendra_C) in bats that might keep the infection in an asymptomatic state in bats, which also serve as viral vectors. Our results further indicate a shortage of complete NiV genomes, which would be instrumental in gaining a better understanding of NiV's molecular evolution and preventing future outbreaks. Our investigation also underscores the critical need to strengthen genomic surveillance based on complete NiV genomes that will aid thorough genetic characterization of the circulating NiV strains and the phylogenetic relationships between the henipaviruses. This approach will better prepare us to tackle the challenges posed by the NiV virus and other emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Montenegro de Campos
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, Brazil; (G.M.d.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Eleonora Cella
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Simone Kashima
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, Brazil; (G.M.d.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Luiz Carlos Júnior Alcântara
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Brazil; (L.C.J.A.); (M.G.)
- Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Rio de Janeiro 21341-210, Brazil
| | - Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle, Center for Scientific Development (CDC), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.S.); (M.C.E.)
| | - Maria Carolina Elias
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle, Center for Scientific Development (CDC), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.S.); (M.C.E.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Brazil; (L.C.J.A.); (M.G.)
- Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Rio de Janeiro 21341-210, Brazil
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, Brazil; (G.M.d.C.); (S.K.)
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle, Center for Scientific Development (CDC), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.S.); (M.C.E.)
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Srivastava S, Kolbe M. Novel "GaEl Antigenic Patches" Identified by a "Reverse Epitomics" Approach to Design Multipatch Vaccines against NIPAH Infection, a Silent Threat to Global Human Health. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31698-31713. [PMID: 37692250 PMCID: PMC10483669 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus that causes lethal encephalitis and respiratory disease with the symptom of endothelial cell-cell fusion. Several NiV outbreaks have been reported since 1999 with nearly annual occurrences in Bangladesh. The outbreaks had high mortality rates ranging from 40 to 90%. No specific vaccine has yet been reported against NiV. Recently, several vaccine candidates and different designs of vaccines composed of epitopes against NiV were proposed. Most of the vaccines target single protein or protein complex subunits of the pathogen. The multiepitope vaccines proposed also cover a largely limited number of epitopes, and hence, their efficiency is still uncertain. To address the urgent need for a specific and effective vaccine against NiV infection, in the present study, we have utilized the "reverse epitomics" approach ("overlapping-epitope-clusters-to-patches" method) to identify "antigenic patches" (Ag-Patches) and utilize them as immunogenic composition for multipatch vaccine (MPV) design. The designed MPVs were analyzed for immunologically crucial parameters, physiochemical properties, and interaction with Toll-like receptor 3 ectodomain. In total, 30 CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) and 27 HTL (helper T lymphocyte) antigenic patches were identified from the entire NiV proteome based on the clusters of overlapping epitopes. These identified Ag-Patches cover a total of discrete 362 CTL and 414 HTL epitopes from the entire proteome of NiV. The antigenic patches were utilized as immunogenic composition for the design of two CTL and two HTL multipatch vaccines. The 57 antigenic patches utilized here cover 776 overlapping epitopes targeting 52 different HLA class I and II alleles, providing a global ethnically distributed human population coverage of 99.71%. Such large number of epitope coverage resulting in large human population coverage cannot be reached with single-protein/subunit or multiepitope based vaccines. The reported antigenic patches also provide potential immunogenic composition for early detection diagnostic kits for NiV infection. Further, all the MPVs and Toll-like receptor ectodomain complexes show a stable nature of molecular interaction with numerous hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and nonbounded contact formation and acceptable root mean square deviation and fluctuation. The cDNA analysis shows a favorable large-scale expression of the MPV constructs in a human cell line. By utilizing the novel "reverse epitomics" approach, highly immunogenic novel "GaEl antigenic patches" (GaEl Ag-Patches), a synonym term for "antigenic patches", were identified and utilized as immunogenic composition to design four MPVs against NiV. We conclude that the novel multipatch vaccines are potential candidates to combat NiV, with greater effectiveness, high specificity, and large human population coverage worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrit Srivastava
- Infection
Biology Group, Indian Foundation for Fundamental
Research Trust, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh 229316, India
- Department
for Structural Infection Biology, Centre
for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) & Helmholtz-Centre for Infection
Research, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kolbe
- Department
for Structural Infection Biology, Centre
for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) & Helmholtz-Centre for Infection
Research, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty
of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Rothenbaumchaussee 19, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
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Mansi K, Kumar R, Jindal N, Singh K. Biocompatible nanocarriers an emerging platform for augmenting the antiviral attributes of bioactive polyphenols: A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Srivastava S, Verma S, Kamthania M, Saxena AK, Pandey KC, Pande V, Kolbe M. Exploring the structural basis to develop efficient multi-epitope vaccines displaying interaction with HLA and TAP and TLR3 molecules to prevent NIPAH infection, a global threat to human health. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282580. [PMID: 36920996 PMCID: PMC10016716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging zoonotic virus that caused several serious outbreaks in the south asian region with high mortality rates ranging from 40 to 90% since 2001. NiV infection causes lethal encephalitis and respiratory disease with the symptom of endothelial cell-cell fusion. No specific and effective vaccine has yet been reported against NiV. To address the urgent need for a specific and effective vaccine against NiV infection, in the present study, we have designed two Multi-Epitope Vaccines (MEVs) composed of 33 Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes and 38 Helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes. Out of those CTL and HTL combined 71 epitopes, 61 novel epitopes targeting nine different NiV proteins were not used before for vaccine design. Codon optimization for the cDNA of both the designed MEVs might ensure high expression potential in the human cell line as stable proteins. Both MEVs carry potential B cell linear epitope overlapping regions, B cell discontinuous epitopes as well as IFN-γ inducing epitopes. Additional criteria such as sequence consensus amongst CTL, HTL and B Cell epitopes was implemented for the design of final constructs constituting MEVs. Hence, the designed MEVs carry the potential to elicit cell-mediated as well as humoral immune response. Selected overlapping CTL and HTL epitopes were validated for their stable molecular interactions with HLA class I and II alleles and in case of CTL epitopes with human Transporter Associated with antigen Processing (TAP) cavity. The structure based epitope cross validation for interaction with TAP cavity was used as another criteria choosing final epitopes for NiV MEVs. Finally, human Beta-defensin 2 and Beta-defensin 3 were used as adjuvants to enhance the immune response of both the MEVs. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of MEVs-TLR3 ectodomain (Human Toll-Like Receptor 3) complex indicated the stable molecular interaction. We conclude that the MEVs designed and in silico validated here could be highly potential vaccine candidates to combat NiV infections, with great effectiveness, high specificity and large human population coverage worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrit Srivastava
- Infection Biology Group, Indian Foundation for Fundamental Research Trust, RaeBareli, India
- Department for Structural Infection Biology, Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) & Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (SS); (MK)
| | - Sonia Verma
- Protein Biochemistry & Engineering Lab, Parasite-Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Kamthania
- Infection Biology Group, Indian Foundation for Fundamental Research Trust, RaeBareli, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Saxena
- Molecular Medicine Lab., School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kailash C. Pandey
- Protein Biochemistry & Engineering Lab, Parasite-Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Kumaun University, Bheemtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Michael Kolbe
- Department for Structural Infection Biology, Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) & Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (SS); (MK)
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Bruno L, Nappo MA, Ferrari L, Di Lecce R, Guarnieri C, Cantoni AM, Corradi A. Nipah Virus Disease: Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostic and Legislative Aspects of This Unpredictable Emerging Zoonosis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010159. [PMID: 36611767 PMCID: PMC9817766 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a viral disease caused by a Henipavirus, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, responsible for a zoonosis. The course of the disease can be very serious and lead to death. NiV natural hosts are fruit bats (also known as megabats) belonging to the Pteropodidae family, especially those of the Pteropus genus. Natural infection in domestic animals has been described in farming pigs, horses, domestic and feral dogs and cats. Natural NiV transmission is possible intra-species (pig-to-pig, human-to-human) and inter-species (flying bat-to-human, pig-to-human, horse-to-human). The infection can be spread by humans or animals in different ways. It is peculiar how the viral transmission modes among different hosts also change depending on the geographical area for different reasons, including different breeding methods, eating habits and the recently identified genetic traits/molecular features of main virus proteins related to virulence. Outbreaks have been described in Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines with, in some cases, severe respiratory and neurological disease and high mortality in both humans and pigs. Diagnosis can be made using different methods including serological, molecular, virological and immunohistochemical methods. The cornerstones for control of the disease are biosecurity (via the correct management of reservoir and intermediate/amplifying hosts) and potential vaccines which are still under development. However, the evaluation of the potential influence of climate and anthropogenic changes on the NiV reservoir bats and their habitat as well as on disease spread and inter-specific infections is of great importance. Bats, as natural reservoirs of the virus, are responsible for the viral spread and, therefore, for the outbreaks of the disease in humans and animals. Due to the worldwide distribution of bats, potential new reports and spillovers are not to be dismissed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Bruno
- Department of Prevention, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (A.S.L.) Napoli 3 Sud, 80053 Castellammare di Stabia, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Maria Anna Nappo
- Department of Prevention, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (A.S.L.) Napoli 3 Sud, 80053 Castellammare di Stabia, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Rosanna Di Lecce
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Guarnieri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cantoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Marques MC, Lousa D, Silva PM, Faustino AF, Soares CM, Santos NC. The Importance of Lipid Conjugation on Anti-Fusion Peptides against Nipah Virus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030703. [PMID: 35327503 PMCID: PMC8945041 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a recently emerging zoonotic virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and the Henipavirus genus. It causes a range of conditions, from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis. The high mortality rate of 40 to 90% ranks these viruses among the deadliest viruses known to infect humans. Currently, there is no antiviral drug available for Nipah virus disease and treatment is only supportive. Thus, there is an urgent demand for efficient antiviral therapies. NiV F protein, which catalyzes fusion between the viral and host membranes, is a potential target for antiviral drugs, as it is a key protein in the initial stages of infection. Fusion inhibitor peptides derived from the HRC-domain of the F protein are known to bind to their complementary domain in the protein’s transient intermediate state, preventing the formation of a six-helix bundle (6HB) thought to be responsible for driving the fusion of the viral and cell membranes. Here, we evaluated the biophysical and structural properties of four different C-terminal lipid-tagged peptides. Different compositions of the lipid tags were tested to search for properties that might promote efficacy and broad-spectrum activity. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study the interaction of the peptides with biomembrane model systems and human blood cells. In order to understand the structural properties of the peptides, circular dichroism measurements and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. Our results indicate a peptide preference for cholesterol-enriched membranes and a lipid conjugation-driven stabilization of the peptide α-helical secondary structure. This work may contribute for the development of highly effective viral fusion against NiV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta C. Marques
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (P.M.S.); (A.F.F.)
| | - Diana Lousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (D.L.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Patrícia M. Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (P.M.S.); (A.F.F.)
| | - André F. Faustino
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (P.M.S.); (A.F.F.)
| | - Cláudio M. Soares
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (D.L.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Nuno C. Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (P.M.S.); (A.F.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Ayolabi CI, Olusola BA, Lawal AA, Chibuike AD, Nzekwue BN. Detection of novel paramyxoviruses in Chaerephon bat species in Nigeria and phylogenetics of paramyxoviruses co-evolution with bats in Africa. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 69:117-135. [PMID: 34817117 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bat paramyxoviruses (PmV) are a diverse group of viruses and include zoonotic viruses such as henipaviruses. Members of this group in other continents have been associated with severe respiratory and neurological infections in animals and humans. Furthermore, despite the richness of diverse bat species that can transmit this virus in African countries like Nigeria, there is very scanty information as to the presence and co-evolution of paramyxoviruses in bats. There is a need for continuous surveillance of zoonotic viruses and their biological reservoirs as this will help in the prevention and management of pathogens' spillovers. This study detected novel paramyxoviruses in Chaerephon nigeriae bat species found in Badagry, Lagos. Phylogenetic analyses of paramyxovirus sequences' co-evolution with frugivorous and insectivorous bats circulating in African countries were also performed using sequences of African origin available in the Database of Bat-Associated Viruses (DBatVir: http://www.mgc.ac.cn/DBatVir/). Oral swabs (n = 18) and blood samples (n = 32) were collected from C. nigeriae bats in Badagry, Lagos. The L gene of bat paramyxovirus was detected in all oral swabs using PCR techniques. Six of the amplicons were successfully sequenced. Estimated phylogenies placed the sequences in close relationship with those isolated from insectivorous bats. Phylogenetic analyses of previously sequenced isolates in the African region showed the likelihood of different co-evolution mechanisms of paramyxoviruses with frugivorous bats compared with insectivorous bats. This may be due to codon usage bias of the L gene. Spatial distribution of paramyxoviruses in African countries showed limited ongoing surveillance of this virus in the continent, especially in southern and northern countries. Extensive surveillance of paramyxoviruses with possible zoonotic potentials among bat species in the continent is recommended. This will provide further insights into co-evolution as well as prevent possible spillover into the human population.
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Prasad AN, Agans KN, Sivasubramani SK, Geisbert JB, Borisevich V, Mire CE, Lawrence WS, Fenton KA, Geisbert TW. A Lethal Aerosol Exposure Model of Nipah Virus Strain Bangladesh in African Green Monkeys. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:S431-S435. [PMID: 31665351 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The high case-fatality rates and potential for use as a biological weapon make Nipah virus (NiV) a significant public health concern. Previous studies assessing the pathogenic potential of NiV delivered by the aerosol route in African green monkeys (AGMs) used the Malaysia strain (NiVM), which has caused lower instances of respiratory illness and person-to-person transmission during human outbreaks than the Bangladesh strain (NiVB). Accordingly, we developed a small particle aerosol model of NiVB infection in AGMs. Consistent with other mucosal AGM models of NiVB infection, we achieved uniform lethality and disease pathogenesis reflective of that observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek N Prasad
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Satheesh K Sivasubramani
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Joan B Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad E Mire
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - William S Lawrence
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Karla A Fenton
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Goh GKM, Dunker AK, Foster JA, Uversky VN. Nipah shell disorder, modes of infection, and virulence. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:103976. [PMID: 31940461 PMCID: PMC7126952 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Nipah Virus (NiV) was first isolated during a 1998-9 outbreak in Malaysia. The outbreak initially infected farm pigs and then moved to humans from pigs with a case-fatality rate (CFR) of about 40%. After 2001, regular outbreaks occurred with higher CFRs (~71%, 2001-5, ~93%, 2008-12). The spread arose from drinking virus-laden palm date sap and human-to-human transmission. Intrinsic disorder analysis revealed strong correlation between the percentage of disorder in the N protein and CFR (Regression: r2 = 0.93, p < 0.01, ANOVA: p < 0.01). Distinct disorder and, therefore, genetic differences can be found in all three group of strains. The fact that the transmission modes of the Malaysia strain are different from those of the Bangladesh strains suggests that the correlations may also be linked to the modes of viral transmission. Analysis of the NiV and related viruses suggests links between modes of transmission and disorder of not just the N protein but, also, of M shell protein. The links among shell disorder, transmission modes, and virulence suggest mechanisms by which viruses are attenuated as they passed through different cell hosts from different animal species. These have implications for development of vaccines and epidemiological molecular analytical tools to contain outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Keith Dunker
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - James A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA; Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.
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Identification and characterization of two conserved G-quadruplex forming motifs in the Nipah virus genome and their interaction with G-quadruplex specific ligands. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1477. [PMID: 32001794 PMCID: PMC6992748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-quadruplex (GQ) motifs are considered as potential drug-target sites for several human pathogenic viruses such as Zika, Hepatitis, Ebola, and Human Herpesviruses. The recent outbreaks of Nipah virus (NiV) in India, the highly fatal emerging zoonotic virus is a potential threat to global health security as no anti-viral drug or vaccine in currently available. Therefore, here in the present study, we sought to assess the ability of the putative G-quadruplex forming sequences in the NiV genome to form G-quadruplex structures and act as targets for anti-viral compounds. Bioinformatics analysis underpinned by various biophysical and biochemical techniques (such as NMR, CD, EMSA, DMS footprinting assay) confirmed the presence of two highly conserved G-quadruplex forming sequences (HGQs) in the G and L genes of NiV. These genes encode the cell attachment glycoprotein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, respectively and are essential for the virus entry and replication within the host cell. It remains possible that stabilization of these HGQs by the known G-quadruplex binding ligands like TMPyP4 and Braco-19 represents a promising strategy to inhibit the expression of the HGQ harboring genes and thereby stop the viral entry and replication inside the host cell. Accordingly, we report for the first time, that HGQs in Nipah virus genome are targets for G-quadruplex specific ligands; therefore, could serve as potential targets for anti-viral therapy.
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Singh RK, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Tiwari R, Natesan S, Khandia R, Munjal A, Vora KS, Latheef SK, Karthik K, Singh Malik Y, Singh R, Chaicumpa W, Mourya DT. Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2019; 39:26-55. [PMID: 31006350 PMCID: PMC6830995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah (Nee-pa) viral disease is a zoonotic infection caused by Nipah virus (NiV), a paramyxovirus belonging to the genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is a biosafety level-4 pathogen, which is transmitted by specific types of fruit bats, mainly Pteropus spp. which are natural reservoir host. The disease was reported for the first time from the Kampung Sungai Nipah village of Malaysia in 1998. Human-to-human transmission also occurs. Outbreaks have been reported also from other countries in South and Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic analysis affirmed the circulation of two major clades of NiV as based on currently available complete N and G gene sequences. NiV isolates from Malaysia and Cambodia clustered together in NiV-MY clade, whereas isolates from Bangladesh and India clusterered within NiV-BD clade. NiV isolates from Thailand harboured mixed population of sequences. In humans, the virus is responsible for causing rapidly progressing severe illness which might be characterized by severe respiratory illness and/or deadly encephalitis. In pigs below six months of age, respiratory illness along with nervous symptoms may develop. Different types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays along with molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction have been developed for diagnostic purposes. Due to the expensive nature of the antibody drugs, identification of broad-spectrum antivirals is essential along with focusing on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). High pathogenicity of NiV in humans, and lack of vaccines or therapeutics to counter this disease have attracted attention of researchers worldwide for developing effective NiV vaccine and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, West Tripura, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Biomac Life Sciences Pvt Ltd., Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kranti Suresh Vora
- Wheels India Niswarth (WIN) Foundation, Maternal and Child Health (MCH), University of Canberra, Gujarat, India
| | - Shyma K. Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Devendra T. Mourya
- National Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of India, Pune, India
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Sayed A, Bottu A, Qaisar M, Mane MP, Acharya Y. Nipah virus: a narrative review of viral characteristics and epidemiological determinants. Public Health 2019; 173:97-104. [PMID: 31261032 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this article are to highlight the properties of the Nipah virus (NiV) and discuss its epidemiological determinants. STUDY DESIGN A review of conjectures, epidemiological and clinically related studies, and identification and discussion of preventive approaches is conducted. METHODS A review of the current literature is performed going through online search engines: PubMed and Google Scholar. The search strategy was focused on two main components, first on the NiV ('Nipah' OR 'Nipah Virus') and subsequently on its epidemiology, including determinants and preventive measures ('Epidemiology/determinants' OR 'Epidemiology/prevention'). RESULTS NiV infection is an emerging zoonotic infectious disease causing sporadic outbursts in many developing countries within Asia, Africa, and South America. Pteroid bats are the natural reservoirs, but human-to-human transmission is possible. Clinical course ranges from non-specific influenza-like symptoms to rapidly progressive respiratory and neurologic complications. Vector control has been challenging because of its widely distributed ecological niche. Currently, no definitive treatment protocols are available in humans, but profound breakthrough in vaccine technology and successful equine vaccines has shown the way for the development of NiV vaccine and immunization in the near future. CONCLUSIONS The NiV poses a significant public health risk because of its intricate transmission cycle, unpredictable viral course, murky management protocol, and unavailability of vaccine. Complicated by emergence and subsequent reemergence, prevention and containment are the two most important public health promotion strategies. Early anticipation, intergovernmental preparedness and cooperation, and surveillance of zoonotic infections still remain the key to mitigate the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sayed
- Avalon University School of Medicine (AUSOM), Willemstad, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles
| | - A Bottu
- Avalon University School of Medicine (AUSOM), Willemstad, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles
| | - M Qaisar
- Avalon University School of Medicine (AUSOM), Willemstad, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles
| | - M P Mane
- Avalon University School of Medicine (AUSOM), Willemstad, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles
| | - Y Acharya
- Avalon University School of Medicine (AUSOM), Willemstad, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles.
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Kerry RG, Malik S, Redda YT, Sahoo S, Patra JK, Majhi S. Nano-based approach to combat emerging viral (NIPAH virus) infection. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 18:196-220. [PMID: 30904587 PMCID: PMC7106268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of new virus and their heterogeneity are growing at an alarming rate. Sudden outburst of Nipah virus (NiV) has raised serious question about their instant management using conventional medication and diagnostic measures. A coherent strategy with versatility and comprehensive perspective to confront the rising distress could perhaps be effectuated by implementation of nanotechnology. But in concurrent to resourceful and precise execution of nano-based medication, there is an ultimate need of concrete understanding of the NIV pathogenesis. Moreover, to amplify the effectiveness of nano-based approach in a conquest against NiV, a list of developed nanosystem with antiviral activity is also a prerequisite. Therefore the present review provides a meticulous cognizance of cellular and molecular pathogenesis of NiV. Conventional as well several nano-based diagnosis experimentations against viruses have been discussed. Lastly, potential efficacy of different forms of nano-based systems as convenient means to shield mankind against NiV has also been introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rout George Kerry
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Santosh Malik
- Departmentof Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sabuj Sahoo
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanatan Majhi
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Singh RK, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Tiwari R, Natesan S, Khandia R, Munjal A, Vora KS, Latheef SK, Karthik K, Singh Malik Y, Singh R, Chaicumpa W, Mourya DT. Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2019. [PMID: 31006350 PMCID: PMC6830995 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2019.1580827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah (Nee-pa) viral disease is a zoonotic infection caused by Nipah virus (NiV), a paramyxovirus belonging to the genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is a biosafety level-4 pathogen, which is transmitted by specific types of fruit bats, mainly Pteropus spp. which are natural reservoir host. The disease was reported for the first time from the Kampung Sungai Nipah village of Malaysia in 1998. Human-to-human transmission also occurs. Outbreaks have been reported also from other countries in South and Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic analysis affirmed the circulation of two major clades of NiV as based on currently available complete N and G gene sequences. NiV isolates from Malaysia and Cambodia clustered together in NiV-MY clade, whereas isolates from Bangladesh and India clusterered within NiV-BD clade. NiV isolates from Thailand harboured mixed population of sequences. In humans, the virus is responsible for causing rapidly progressing severe illness which might be characterized by severe respiratory illness and/or deadly encephalitis. In pigs below six months of age, respiratory illness along with nervous symptoms may develop. Different types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays along with molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction have been developed for diagnostic purposes. Due to the expensive nature of the antibody drugs, identification of broad-spectrum antivirals is essential along with focusing on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). High pathogenicity of NiV in humans, and lack of vaccines or therapeutics to counter this disease have attracted attention of researchers worldwide for developing effective NiV vaccine and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Singh
- a ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- c Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry , West Tripura , India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- d Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences , Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura , India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- e Biomac Life Sciences Pvt Ltd. , Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- f Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , Barkatullah University , Bhopal , India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- f Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , Barkatullah University , Bhopal , India
| | - Kranti Suresh Vora
- g Wheels India Niswarth (WIN) Foundation, Maternal and Child Health (MCH) , University of Canberra , Gujarat , India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- h Central University Laboratory , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- i Division of Biological Standardization , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- j Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Devendra T Mourya
- k National Institute of Virology , Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of India , Pune , India
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Sun B, Jia L, Liang B, Chen Q, Liu D. Phylogeography, Transmission, and Viral Proteins of Nipah Virus. Virol Sin 2018; 33:385-393. [PMID: 30311101 PMCID: PMC6235768 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV), a zoonotic paramyxovirus belonging to the genus Henipavirus, is classified as a Biosafety Level-4 pathogen based on its high pathogenicity in humans and the lack of available vaccines or therapeutics. Since its initial emergence in 1998 in Malaysia, this virus has become a great threat to domestic animals and humans. Sporadic outbreaks and person-to-person transmission over the past two decades have resulted in hundreds of human fatalities. Epidemiological surveys have shown that NiV is distributed in Asia, Africa, and the South Pacific Ocean, and is transmitted by its natural reservoir, Pteropid bats. Numerous efforts have been made to analyze viral protein function and structure to develop feasible strategies for drug design. Increasing surveillance and preventative measures for the viral infectious disease are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangyao Sun
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijia Jia
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bilin Liang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Quanjiao Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Di Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Chattu VK, Kumar R, Kumary S, Kajal F, David JK. Nipah virus epidemic in southern India and emphasizing "One Health" approach to ensure global health security. J Family Med Prim Care 2018; 7:275-283. [PMID: 30090764 PMCID: PMC6060941 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_137_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) encephalitis first reported in "Sungai Nipah" in Malaysia in 1999 has emerged as a global public health threat in the Southeast Asia region. From 1998 to 2018, more than 630 cases of NiV human infections were reported. NiV is transmitted by zoonotic (from bats to humans, or from bats to pigs, and then to humans) as well as human-to-human routes. Deforestation and urbanization of some areas have contributed to greater overlap between human and bat habitats resulting in NiV outbreaks. Common symptoms of NiV infection in humans are similar to that of influenza such as fever and muscle pain and in some cases, the inflammation of the brain occurs leading to encephalitis. The recent epidemic in May 2018 in Kerala for the first time has killed over 17 people in 7 days with high case fatality and highlighted the importance of One Health approach. The diagnosis is often not suspected at the time of presentation and creates challenges in outbreak detection, timely control measures, and outbreak response activities. Currently, there are no drugs or vaccines specific for NiV infection although this is a priority disease on the World Health Organization's agenda. Antivirals (Ribavirin, HR2-based fusion inhibitor), biologicals (convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies), immunomodulators, and intensive supportive care are the mainstay to treat severe respiratory and neurologic complications. There is a great need for strengthening animal health surveillance system, using a One Health approach, to detect new cases and provide early warning for veterinary and human public health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Chattu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad And Tobago
| | - Raman Kumar
- Academy of Family Physicians of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Fnu Kajal
- Global Health Researcher, University of San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph K David
- Medical Laboratory Specialist, Etobicoke, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sweileh WM. Global research trends of World Health Organization's top eight emerging pathogens. Global Health 2017; 13:9. [PMID: 28179007 PMCID: PMC5299748 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-017-0233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On December 8th, 2015, World Health Organization published a priority list of eight pathogens expected to cause severe outbreaks in the near future. To better understand global research trends and characteristics of publications on these emerging pathogens, we carried out this bibliometric study hoping to contribute to global awareness and preparedness toward this topic. METHOD Scopus database was searched for the following pathogens/infectious diseases: Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Rift valley, Crimean-Congo, Nipah, Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Severe Respiratory Acute Syndrome (SARS). Retrieved articles were analyzed to obtain standard bibliometric indicators. RESULTS A total of 8619 journal articles were retrieved. Authors from 154 different countries contributed to publishing these articles. Two peaks of publications, an early one for SARS and a late one for Ebola, were observed. Retrieved articles received a total of 221,606 citations with a mean ± standard deviation of 25.7 ± 65.4 citations per article and an h-index of 173. International collaboration was as high as 86.9%. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had the highest share (344; 5.0%) followed by the University of Hong Kong with 305 (4.5%). The top leading journal was Journal of Virology with 572 (6.6%) articles while Feldmann, Heinz R. was the most productive researcher with 197 (2.3%) articles. China ranked first on SARS, Turkey ranked first on Crimean-Congo fever, while the United States of America ranked first on the remaining six diseases. Of retrieved articles, 472 (5.5%) were on vaccine - related research with Ebola vaccine being most studied. CONCLUSION Number of publications on studied pathogens showed sudden dramatic rise in the past two decades representing severe global outbreaks. Contribution of a large number of different countries and the relatively high h-index are indicative of how international collaboration can create common health agenda among distant different countries.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bibliometrics/history
- Communicable Diseases/epidemiology
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/complications
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/complications
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/epidemiology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/complications
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Lassa Fever/complications
- Lassa Fever/epidemiology
- Lassa Fever/prevention & control
- Marburg Virus Disease/complications
- Marburg Virus Disease/epidemiology
- Marburg Virus Disease/prevention & control
- Nipah Virus/pathogenicity
- Research/statistics & numerical data
- Research/trends
- Rift Valley Fever/complications
- Rift Valley Fever/epidemiology
- Rift Valley Fever/prevention & control
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/complications
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control
- World Health Organization/organization & administration
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Sweileh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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