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Appleberry H, Brady M, Webster S, Wolfe AJ, Putonti C, Kula A. Draft genome sequences of an Enterobacter hormaechei and Providencia rettgeri isolated from the urine of a male experiencing a catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0048624. [PMID: 39083686 PMCID: PMC11385441 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00486-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) can be caused by a variety of microbes. Here, we describe the draft genome assemblies of two species-Enterobacter hormaechei and Providencia rettgeri-purified from the catheterized urine sample of a male diagnosed with a CAUTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Appleberry
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michaela Brady
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Samantha Webster
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alan J Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Catherine Putonti
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Alex Kula
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Hossain MJ, Azad AK, Shahid MSB, Shahjahan M, Ferdous J. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance pattern for bacteriuria from patients with urinary tract infections. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2039. [PMID: 38617042 PMCID: PMC11009458 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Antibiotic resistance presents a significant global public health challenge, particularly for urinary tract infections (UTIs), and is notably severe in developing countries. Surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of UTI-causing bacteria is crucial for effective treatment selection. This study aimed to analyze these patterns in bacteria isolated from the urine samples of patients at Mughda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods A retrospective study (January 2019 to December 2020) at Mugdha Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, examined clinical and laboratory data from patients with positive urine cultures (≥105 CFU/mL). The study classified patients into four age groups: children (1-<18 years), young adults (18-<33 years), middle-aged adults (33-50 years), and old adults (>50 years). The standard Kirby-Bauer method was used to assess antibiotic sensitivity to 28 common antibiotics. Results Among 243 positive urine cultures in both community- and hospital-acquired UTIs, Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen (65.84%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (12.34%), Enterococcus spp. (8.23%), and other types of bacteria. Conclusion Old adults are particularly vulnerable to UTIs, with E. coli being the predominant causative agent in the study region. The observed antimicrobial resistance patterns underscore the necessity of judicious antibiotic selection to effectively treat UTIs across different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jubayer Hossain
- Population Health Studies Division, Center for Health Innovation, ResearchAction, and Learning – Bangladesh (CHIRAL Bangladesh)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of MicrobiologyJagannath UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Shahadat Bin Shahid
- Population Health Studies Division, Center for Health Innovation, ResearchAction, and Learning – Bangladesh (CHIRAL Bangladesh)DhakaBangladesh
- Department of MicrobiologyJagannath UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Muhibullah Shahjahan
- Population Health Studies Division, Center for Health Innovation, ResearchAction, and Learning – Bangladesh (CHIRAL Bangladesh)DhakaBangladesh
- Department of MicrobiologyJagannath UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Transfusion MedicineMugdha Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
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Das S, Tripathi A, Ghangrekar MM. Application of biomimetically synthesized silver nanoparticles as cathode catalyst, quorum-quencher, and anti-biofouling agent for the performance boosting of microbial fuel cell. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141392. [PMID: 38325616 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a cutting-edge bioelectrochemical technology, which demonstrates power and other valuables recovery while treating wastewater by cultivating electroactive microbes. However, rampant biofilm growth over the cathode surface of air cathode MFC exacerbates the oxidation-reduction reaction rate, triggering a dip in the overall performance of MFC. In this sense, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered a plethora of potential applications as cathode catalysts as well as anti-biofouling agent for MFCs without harming nature. The MFC equipped with the mixture of aloe vera and algae (@5 mg/cm2) synthesized AgNPs on cathode generated a maximum power density of 66.5 mW/m2 and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 85.2%, which was ca. 5.6 times and 1.2 times higher compared to control MFC operated without any catalyst on cathode. Thus, this investigation paves the way for using eco-amiable, low-cost bioderived organic compounds to assist MFC in achieving high power output and other valuables with minimal reliance on chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Das
- PK Sinha Centre for Bioenergy & Renewables, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Akash Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Makarand M Ghangrekar
- PK Sinha Centre for Bioenergy & Renewables, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Requena-Cabello H, Rodríguez-Guerrero E, Expósito-Ruiz M, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutierrez-Fernandez J. Antibiotic resistances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in urine cultures: experience in a hospital of Southeast Spain. APMIS 2024; 132:100-111. [PMID: 37971152 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review of publications between 2010 and 2021 on the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii from urinary tract infections and to analyze changes over time in hospital urine cultures from 2016 through 2021. The literature was searched, and a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in the hospital. Out of 21 838 positive urine cultures, 3.86% were due to P. aeruginosa and 0.44% were due to A. baumannii. For P. aeruginosa, lower resistance rates were observed to virtually all tested antibiotics than were obtained in the systematic review, and the present series of hospital samples showed an in vitro resistance rate <10% to ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, tobramycin, and colistin. For A. baumannii, the resistance rates to almost all antibiotics were higher in the present series than in the systematic review, being lowest to colistin (10%). Both microorganisms show reduced in vitro susceptibility to some antibiotics during the years of the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to previous years. In our setting, both piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem can be recommended for the empirical treatment of UTIs by P. aeruginosa, whereas only colistin can be recommended for UTIs by A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Requena-Cabello
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria de Granada (Ibs-Granada), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Guerrero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria de Granada (Ibs-Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - Manuela Expósito-Ruiz
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria de Granada (Ibs-Granada), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria de Granada (Ibs-Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Gutierrez-Fernandez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria de Granada (Ibs-Granada), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación BioSanitaria de Granada (Ibs-Granada), Granada, Spain
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Song D, Jia A, Liu B, Liu S, Dong K, Man C, Yang X, Jiang Y. Whole-transcriptome analysis after the acquisition of antibiotic resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii: Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence changes. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113664. [PMID: 37981356 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria led to the misuse of antibiotics, resulting in the emergence of more resistant bacteria and continuous improvement in their resistance ability. Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) has been considered a pathogen that harms infants. Incidents of C. sakazakii contamination have continued globally, several studies have indicated that C. sakazakii is increasingly resistant to antibiotics. A few studies have explored the mechanism of antibiotic resistance in C. sakazakii, and some have examined the antibiotic resistance and changes in virulence levels. We aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance mechanism and virulence differences in C. sakazakii. The level of virulence factors of C. sakazakii was modified after induction by antibiotics compared with the antibiotic-sensitive strains, and the XS001-Ofl group had the strongest capacity to produce enterotoxin (85.18 pg/mL) and hemolysin (1.47 ng/mL). The biofilm formation capacity after induction significantly improved. The number of bases and mapped reads in all groups accounted for more than 55 % and 70 %, as detected by transcriptomic analysis. The resistance mechanism of different antibiotics was more common in efflux pumps, cationic antimicrobial peptides, and biofilm formation pathways. The level of antibiotic resistance mainly affected the expression of virulence genes associated with flagella assembly and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danliangmin Song
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Ai Jia
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Biqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Kai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xinyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Alghamdi SAA, Mir SS, Alghamdi FS, Al Banghali MAMMA, Almalki SSR. Evaluation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Urinary Tract Infection Patients in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2820. [PMID: 38137964 PMCID: PMC10745543 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms are prevalent in both outpatient and inpatient settings, representing the most often encountered forms of infection. This research aimed to estimate the prevalence of ESBL-UTIs along with other uropathogens in the adult population and to assess the antibiotic activity against Escherichia coli extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (E. coli ESBL) isolates from patient samples in Al-Baha. A retrospective cross-sectional study included patients who presented to King Fahad Hospital in Al-Baha with clinical suspicion of UTI between 1 January 2019 and 30 September 2022. A total of 4406 urine samples with significant microbial growth were included in the scope of this investigation. A collective count of 1644 incidents of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was observed, wherein E. coli constituted 85% of the cases, while the remaining 15% comprised E. coli ESBL producers. The prevalence of E. coli ESBL was observed to be 64.7% in females and 35.3% in males, with a majority (67%) of the affected individuals being over the age of 50. The incidence of E. coli infections in the outpatient setting was found to be greater than that observed in the inpatient setting. E. coli ESBL were sensitive to colistin, tigecycline, amikacin, meropenem, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin by 100% and 93.3-100%, 95-99.6%, 95-99.06%, and 81-91%, respectively. On the other hand, the most resistant agents for E. coli ESBL were the group of cephalosporins, aztreonam, and ampicillin with 100% resistance, ciprofloxacin with 56-74% resistance, and cotrimoxazole with a 45-53% resistance level. ESBL-resistant E. coli strains are moderately prevalent in community- and hospital-acquired UTIs, especially in females and elderly patients (>50 years).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shazia Shaheen Mir
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fayez Saad Alghamdi
- Medical Training and Education Department, King Fahad Hospital, Al-Baha 65732, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Shaia Saleh Rajab Almalki
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
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Kebbeh A, Dsane-Aidoo P, Sanyang K, Darboe SMK, Fofana N, Ameme D, Sanyang AM, Darboe KS, Darboe S, Sanneh B, Kenu E, Anto F. Antibiotics susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic bacteria: a cross-sectional analytic study at Kanifing General Hospital, The Gambia. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:723. [PMID: 37880663 PMCID: PMC10599079 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance poses a public health threat for the treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections. This study determined the susceptibility patterns of uropathogens and associated risk factors among outpatients diagnosed with urinary tract infections at the Kanifing General Hospital in the Gambia. METHODS A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted among patients with suspected urinary tract infections at Kanifing General Hospital from March to May 2021. Data on socio-demographic and other risk factors were collected from the study participants using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Mid-stream urine samples were collected, and bacteria identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing done using standard microbiological methods. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were done to determine factors associated with urinary tract infection at 95% confidence level and a p -value < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 422 patients were enrolled with 82.5% (348/422) being females. The prevalence of community acquired urinary tract infection was 12.8% (54/422). Escherichia coli was the most prevalent isolate (74.1%, 40/54), followed by Klebsiella spp (8.5%, 10/54). Antimicrobial resistance was highest for Ampicillin (87.0%, 47/54), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (77.8%, 42/54) and Tetracycline (75.9%, 41/54). Uropathogens sensitivity was 77.8% (42/54) for Nitrofurantoin and 75.9% (41/54) for Ceftazidime. Being female (aOR 5.90 95% CI = 1.48-23.67), previous history of urinary tract infection (aOR 2.34, 95% CI = 1.06-5.14), use of unprescribed antibiotics (aOR 2.0, 95% CI = 1.05-3.62) and having no formal education (aOR 8.02, 95% CI = 1.04-62.0) were significant factors associated for having uropathogenic bacterial infection. CONCLUSION E. coli was the most prevalent uropathogen isolated. Ciprofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin and Ceftazidime were the most sensitive antibiotics. Routine surveillance of susceptibility of uropathogenic bacteria would be helpful to update clinicians on the choice of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abou Kebbeh
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
- National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Banjul, The Gambia.
| | | | - Kawsu Sanyang
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sheriffo M K Darboe
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nuha Fofana
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Donne Ameme
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Abdoulie M Sanyang
- National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Banjul, The Gambia
| | | | - Saffiatou Darboe
- Laboratory Management, Medical Research Council Unit at the LSTHM, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Bakary Sanneh
- National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Ernest Kenu
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Anto
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Gebretensaie Y, Atnafu A, Alemu Y, Girma S, Desta K. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of the LINEAR Cromatest and Laboquick URS 10-T Dipsticks Among Urinary Tract Infection Suspects in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Res Rep Urol 2023; 15:437-445. [PMID: 37818231 PMCID: PMC10560765 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s434128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) bring a significant and serious health-related problem. Repeated infections may lead to the development of renal scarring and end-stage renal dysfunction. Therefore, balancing the choices of UTI diagnostic tools depending on the costs versus accuracy can minimize false results that may subject patients to wrong treatments. Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of LINEAR cromatest and Laboquick URS 10-T dipsticks against conventional urine culture at Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory (AAML), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A similar cohort of UTI-suspected patients from our previous study, who were prospectively enrolled from Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were considered for this analysis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of different dipsticks were calculated using culture as a gold standard. ROC curve analysis was also used to determine diagnostic performance. A test with a P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of 446 urine samples processed, bacterial growth was observed in 141 (31.6%). Of this figure, 105/141 (74.5%) and 36/141 (25.5%) were from female and male participants, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the LINEAR Cromatest dipstick were 83.7% and 67.9%, respectively (P-value <0.001). The Laboquick URS 10-T dipstick showed sensitivity and specificity of 87.9% and 68.5%, respectively (P-value <0.001). The ROC analysis showed an AUC of >0.7 for both dipsticks. Conclusion In a setting where there is no access to urine culture, the urine dipstick may be considered an alternative diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Gebretensaie
- American Advanced Medical Laboratory, American Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abay Atnafu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Alemu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Selfu Girma
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassu Desta
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Khan MA, Rahman AU, Khan B, Al-Mijalli SH, Alswat AS, Amin A, Eid RA, Zaki MSA, Butt S, Ahmad J, Fayad E, Ullah A. Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Phylogenicity of Uropathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1508. [PMID: 37887209 PMCID: PMC10603882 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are healthcare problems that commonly involve bacterial and, in some rare instances, fungal or viral infections. The irrational prescription and use of antibiotics in UTI treatment have led to an increase in antibiotic resistance. Urine samples (145) were collected from male and female patients from Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Biochemical analyses were carried out to identify uropathogens. Molecular analysis for the identification of 16S ribosomal RNA in samples was performed via Sanger sequencing. Evolutionary linkage was determined using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis-7 (MEGA-7). The study observed significant growth in 52% of the samples (83/145). Gram-negative bacteria were identified in 85.5% of samples, while Gram-positive bacteria were reported in 14.5%. The UTI prevalence was 67.5% in females and 32.5% in males. The most prevalent uropathogenic bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (39.7%, 33/83), followed by Escherichia coli (27.7%, 23/83), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.8%, 9/83), Staphylococcus aureus (9.6%, 8/83), Proteus mirabilis (7.2%, 6/83) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (4.8%, 4/83). Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbor-joining method, further confirming the relation of the isolates in our study with previously reported uropathogenic isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility tests identified K. pneumonia as being sensitive to imipenem (100%) and fosfomycin (78.7%) and resistant to cefuroxime (100%) and ciprofloxacin (94%). Similarly, E. coli showed high susceptibility to imipenem (100%), fosfomycin (78.2%) and nitrofurantoin (78.2%), and resistance to ciprofloxacin (100%) and cefuroxime (100%). Imipenem was identified as the most effective antibiotic, while cefuroxime and ciprofloxacin were the least. The phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and P. mirabilis clustered with each other and the reference sequences, indicating high similarity (based on 16S rRNA sequencing). It can be concluded that genetically varied uropathogenic organisms are commonly present within the KP population. Our findings demonstrate the need to optimize antibiotic use in treating UTIs and the prevention of antibiotic resistance in the KP population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ajmal Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.A.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Atta Ur Rahman
- Leprosy Laboratory, Department of Parasite Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Bakhtawar Khan
- Institute of Brain Disorders, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amal S. Alswat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (E.F.)
| | - Aftab Amin
- Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha 12573, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sadia Butt
- Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Jamshaid Ahmad
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.A.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (E.F.)
| | - Amin Ullah
- Department of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Gebretensaie Y, Atnafu A, Girma S, Alemu Y, Desta K. Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection, Associated Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3041-3050. [PMID: 37215305 PMCID: PMC10199700 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s402279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) brought a significant and serious health-related problem that may lead to the subsequent development of serious indications with the challenge of the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the choice of antibiotics depends on the accuracy of the diagnostic tool of UTIs to minimize false results that may subject patients to wrong treatments. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacteriuria, associated factors, and AMR pattern of UTI-suspected patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2022, at Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory (AAML), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Species identification and isolation from bacterial colonies were characterized by gram stain and biochemical properties followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer method on Muller-Hinton agar. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the association between the independent variables and significant bacterial growth to identify factors that affect the prevalence of UTI. A test is considered statistically significant that has a P value less than 0.05. Results Out of 141 (31.6%) which yielded significant bacteriuria, 16 different species of bacterial uropathogens were identified. A total of 105/446 (91 Gram-negative and 14 Gram-positive) of bacterial growth in the female gender and 36/446 (33 Gram-negative and 3 Gram positive) in male were observed with a P value of 0.03. The most predominant bacteria were E. coli followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Amoxicillin had shown the highest resistance rate (100%) followed by Ampicillin (98.9%). Females and participants with previous infections were shown to be associated with significant bacterial growth. Conclusion Based on our study finding, the ordinarily used antibiotics seem to face emerging resistant strains, which needs considerable and due attention to the impact of UTI in developing countries including Ethiopia. History of previous UTIs and female gender were shown to be possible risk factors associated with UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Gebretensaie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abay Atnafu
- Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Selfu Girma
- Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Alemu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassu Desta
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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11
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Venne DM, Hartley DM, Malchione MD, Koch M, Britto AY, Goodman JL. Review and analysis of the overlapping threats of carbapenem and polymyxin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella in Africa. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 37013626 PMCID: PMC10071777 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales are among the most serious antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threats. Emerging resistance to polymyxins raises the specter of untreatable infections. These resistant organisms have spread globally but, as indicated in WHO reports, the surveillance needed to identify and track them is insufficient, particularly in less resourced countries. This study employs comprehensive search strategies with data extraction, meta-analysis and mapping to help address gaps in the understanding of the risks of carbapenem and polymyxin resistance in the nations of Africa. METHODS Three comprehensive Boolean searches were constructed and utilized to query scientific and medical databases as well as grey literature sources through the end of 2019. Search results were screened to exclude irrelevant results and remaining studies were examined for relevant information regarding carbapenem and/or polymyxin(s) susceptibility and/or resistance amongst E. coli and Klebsiella isolates from humans. Such data and study characteristics were extracted and coded, and the resulting data was analyzed and geographically mapped. RESULTS Our analysis yielded 1341 reports documenting carbapenem resistance in 40 of 54 nations. Resistance among E. coli was estimated as high (> 5%) in 3, moderate (1-5%) in 8 and low (< 1%) in 14 nations with at least 100 representative isolates from 2010 to 2019, while present in 9 others with insufficient isolates to support estimates. Carbapenem resistance was generally higher among Klebsiella: high in 10 nations, moderate in 6, low in 6, and present in 11 with insufficient isolates for estimates. While much less information was available concerning polymyxins, we found 341 reports from 33 of 54 nations, documenting resistance in 23. Resistance among E. coli was high in 2 nations, moderate in 1 and low in 6, while present in 10 with insufficient isolates for estimates. Among Klebsiella, resistance was low in 8 nations and present in 8 with insufficient isolates for estimates. The most widespread associated genotypes were, for carbapenems, blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-181 and, for polymyxins, mcr-1, mgrB, and phoPQ/pmrAB. Overlapping carbapenem and polymyxin resistance was documented in 23 nations. CONCLUSIONS While numerous data gaps remain, these data show that significant carbapenem resistance is widespread in Africa and polymyxin resistance is also widely distributed, indicating the need to support robust AMR surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship and infection control in a manner that also addresses broader animal and environmental health dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Venne
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - David M Hartley
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Marissa D Malchione
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Sabin Vaccine Institute, Influenza Vaccine Innovation, 2175 K St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Michala Koch
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Anjali Y Britto
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jesse L Goodman
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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12
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Iroha C, Ugwu M, Iroha I, Esimone C, Ejikeugwu C. Detection and Dissemination of MCR-1 Colistin Resistance Gene in a Hospital Setting in Abakaliki, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2023.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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13
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Magnitude and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Gram-Negative bacterial isolates among patients suspected of urinary tract infections in Arba Minch General Hospital, southern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279887. [PMID: 36584225 PMCID: PMC9803306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial uropathogens poses a grave threat worldwide, howbeit studies on their magnitude are limited in most African countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, measuring the extent of their drug resistance is essential for developing strategies to confine the spread. A cross-sectional study was conducted at title hospital from 01 June to 31 August 2020. Midstream urine specimens were collected and inoculated onto MacConkey agar. Positive urine cultures showing significant bacteriuria as per the Kass count (>105 CFU/mL) were further subjected to biochemical tests to identify the type of uropathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique, and potential carbapenemase producers were phenotypically determined by the modified carbapenem inactivation method as per the CLSI guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26; P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Totally, 422 patients were included, and the majority were females (54.7%). The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative uropathogens was 12.9%, and 64.7% of them were carbapenemase producers. Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 5) was the predominant carbapenemase producer, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 4). Consumption of antibiotics prior to six months of commencement of the study, the presence of chronic diseases and hospitalizations were statistically associated with UTI caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative uropathogens. Carbapenemase producers were resistant to most of the antibiotics tested. Our findings highlight the need for periodic regional bacteriological surveillance programs to guide empirical antibiotic therapy of UTI.
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Abalkhail A, AlYami AS, Alrashedi SF, Almushayqih KM, Alslamah T, Alsalamah YA, Elbehiry A. The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Producing ESBL among Male and Female Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1778. [PMID: 36141390 PMCID: PMC9498880 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli that produces extended-spectrum lactamases (ESBL-E. coli) can develop resistance to many antibiotics. The control of ESBL-E. coli disorders is challenging due to their restricted therapeutic approaches, so this study aims to determine the prevalence and pattern of the antibiotic resistance of ESBL-E. coli among male and female patients with urinary tract infections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. During the period of 2019 to 2020 at King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, 2250 urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) were collected, and microbial species were cultured and identified using standard biochemical techniques. A double-disc synergy test was used to identify ESBL-producing strains of E. coli, and an in vitro method and the clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) criteria were employed to determine the resistance of these strains to antimicrobial drugs. ESBL-E. coli was detected in 510 (33.49%) of the 1523 E. coli isolates, 67.27% of which were recovered from women and 33.7% of which were recovered from men. A total of 284 (55.69%) ESBL-E. coli isolates were found in patients under 50 years of age, and 226 (44.31%) were found in patients over 50 years of age. Nearly all the isolates of ESBL-E. coli were resistant to cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime, cefuroxime, and cephalothin) and penicillin (ampicillin), whereas the majority of the isolates were sensitive to several carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem), aminoglycosides (amikacin), and nitrofurantoins. The development of antibiotic resistance by ESBL-E. coli, the most frequent pathogen linked to urinary tract infections, plays a crucial role in determining which antibiotic therapy is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Abalkhail
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S. AlYami
- King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Thamer Alslamah
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Ahmed Alsalamah
- General Surgery Department, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unayzah 56453, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Elbehiry
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
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Joya M, Aalemi AK, Baryali AT. Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Common Bacterial Uropathogen Among UTI Patients in French Medical Institute for Children. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4291-4297. [PMID: 35965851 PMCID: PMC9365322 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s353818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdawi Joya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Ahmad Khalid Aalemi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan
- Correspondence: Ahmad Khalid Aalemi, Department of Oral Medicine, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, 1001, Afghanistan, Tel +93 704923443, Email
| | - Abdul Tawab Baryali
- Department of Quality Assurance, French Medical Institute for Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
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Ali NM, Tahir HM, Khan MK, Khan KU, Mazhar B, Chaudhry M, Dar M, Faiqa S. Synthesis of Cinnamum zeylanicum and Acacia nilotica Extracts and Their Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:845-852. [PMID: 35661066 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different plants are used medically and thofese therapeutic plants have great importance for healing contagious wounds. This herbal treatment is actually also a substitute of different antibiotics and having less side effects on intestinal systems of animals. The foremost concern of this study was to observe the antibacterial activity of Cinnamum zeylanicum and Acacia nilotica. Pathogenic bacteria obtained from wound samples and later identified by biochemical and molecular characterization. Methanol (an organic solvent) was used to extract Cinnamum zeylanicum and Acacia nilotica to check their antimicrobial exertion by using agar diffusion method. Different antibiotics such as, ampicillin, oflaxocin, ticarcillin and cefexime, showed their susceptibility toward antibiotics. The zone of inhibitions for antibiotic and plant extracts' antibacterial activity were measured. Pathogenic bacteria were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenesby molecular characterization. These bacteria showed susceptibility to antibiotics and also the plant extracts. Antibiotic oflaxocin showed maximum activity against these two pathogens (12.25 ± 0.44 and 12.375 ± 0.47) while antibiotic cefixime showed minimum effect (1.25 ± 0.28 and 0.625 ± 0.25). Plant extracts showed significant antibacterial activity with maximum activity (14 ± 0.9 by Acacia nilotica and 12 ± 0.5 by Cinnamum zeylanicum) in 100% solution. It can be concluded thatmethanolic extract of traditional therapeutic plants proved to be a promising source of antimicrobial agents against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Cinnamum zeylanicum and Acacia nilotica were observed to be competent as antibacterial tool against pathogenic bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bushra Mazhar
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore
| | - Maham Chaudhry
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore
| | - Mariam Dar
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore
| | - Syeda Faiqa
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore
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Ali HA, Gemeel Abd F. Bacteriological and systemic immunity study of patients with urinary tract infection in Babylon province. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022:1574-1582. [DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns4.6286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One hundred mid stream urine specimens and blood sample and fifty healthy specimen[urine and blood ]as control for detection TLR-2 in serum have been collected From October to March 2021, urine specimen from urinary tract infection patients in Hospital Hilla were cultivated for isolation and identification in Uropathogenic bacteria can be found in a variety of places. The automated VITEK-2 compact system was used to perform the final identification, which was based on colony positive identification. morphology, microscopic examination, and biochemical tests, while final identification was done with the automated VITEK-2 compact system using Gram positive-identification morphology, microscopic examination, and biochemical tests [GP-ID]and Gram negative-identification [GP-ID] [GN-ID]. The current study's findings revealed that samples grew bacteria, which were classified into Gram negative bacteria [51.48%] and Gram positive bacteria [51.48%]. [48.52 percent ]. E. coli was the culprit. 80 [21.5%] followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae40 [10.75%], and then Staphylococcus aureus 36[9.6%], 35[9.4%] for each Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus saprophytics 16[4.3%] while Enterococcus faecalis50[13.44%], while Enterococcus facium 40[10.75%] Streptococcus agalactiae 2[0.5%]and Enterobacter cloacae at a rate of 2[0.5%] and finally each of Morganella morganii 10[2.68%], Pseudomonas aeruginosa 40[10.75], Proteus mirabilis 20[5.3%].Candida albicans 46 .
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18
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Idrees MM, Rasool MF, Imran I, Khalid A, Saeed A, Ahmad T, Alqahtani F. A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Uropathogens from South Punjab, Pakistan. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1845-1855. [PMID: 35450113 PMCID: PMC9017698 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s356489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common infection caused by uropathogenic bacteria. Drug resistance against common antibiotics is a leading cause of treatment failure in UTIs. Objective This study was conducted to check the prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility against uropathogens and identify the best treatment option against UTIs. Methods In this cross-sectional study, urine samples (n = 1000) were collected and cultured for pure bacterial growth by using cysteine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient (CLED) media. After physical and biochemical characterization, antibacterial susceptibility was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results Uropathogenic bacteria were successfully isolated in 57% (n = 572) of total tested samples (n = 1000). Escherichia coli 51.2% (n = 293/572), Klebsiella species 15.4% (n = 88/572), Enterococcus species 15.4% (n = 88/572), Pseudomonas species 9.4% (n = 54/572), Staphylococcus aureus 3.2% (n = 18/572), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) 3.0% (n = 17/572) and Proteus species 2.4% (n = 14/572) were the most prevalent organism in UTIs. Prevalence of Gram-negative rods (GNRs) was 78.5% (n = 449/572) among UTI patients as compared to Gram-positive cocci (GPCs) 21.5% (n = 123/572). Escherichia coli 65.3% (n = 293/449), Klebsiella species 19.6% (n = 88/449), Pseudomonas species 12.0% (54/449) and Proteus species 3.1% (n = 14/449) were the most prevalent GNRs in UTIs, while Enterococcus species 71.5% (n = 88/123), Staphylococcus aureus 14.6% (n = 18/123) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) 13.8% (17/123) were the most prevalent GPCs in UTIs. The majority of isolated uropathogens showed resistance against routinely used antibiotics. However, teicoplanin and linezolid were the most effective drugs against GPCs and piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem and imipenem were the most effective drugs against GNRs. Nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin were shown to be most effective against both GNRs and GPCs. Conclusion In conclusion, Escherichia coli (GNRs) and Enterococcus species (GPCs) are the most prevalent organisms among UTIs patients, which are shown to be antibiotic-resistant to the most commonly used antibiotics. However, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin are the most effective drugs against uropathogens in UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mubashar Idrees
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
- Multan Institute of Kidney Diseases (MIKD), Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khalid
- Multan Institute of Kidney Diseases (MIKD), Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ali Saeed
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Grenoble Alpes University, La Tronche, 38700, France
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Haindongo EH, Funtua B, Singu B, Hedimbi M, Kalemeera F, Hamman J, Vainio O, Hakanen AJ, Vuopio J. Antimicrobial resistance among bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections in females in Namibia, 2016-2017. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2022; 11:33. [PMID: 35151360 PMCID: PMC8840701 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-022-01066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens demands a local understanding of the epidemiological situation. This information is needed both for clinical treatment decision-making purposes as well as for the revision of current care guidelines. Clinical AMR data from Namibia is sparse, whilst urinary tract infections remain not only widespread but they disproportionally affect females. This paper aims to describe the national antimicrobial resistance situation of major bacterial uropathogens in females within the 14 Namibian regions. Method Retrospective countrywide information on clinical urine cultures performed in females in Namibia in 2016–2017 was obtained from the national public health laboratory, Namibia Institute of Pathology (NIP). The data set included both microbiological findings as well as antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results. The AST was done as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins was indicative of Extended Spectrum-ß-lactamase (ESBL) production. Data analysis was done with WHONET using expert interpretation rules. Results In total, 22,259 urinary cultures were performed, of which 13,673 (61.4%) were culture positive. Gram-negative bacterial species accounted for 72.6% of the findings. The most common pathogens identified were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. Most of these were from young females, with a median age ranging from 28 to 32 years for the various pathogens. Resistance to ampicillin was 77.7% in E. coli and 84.9% in K. pneumoniae. In E. coli, resistance to 1st line empiric therapy antibiotic, nitrofurantoin, was below 13%, except for one region that showed 59.2% resistance. Resistance to third generation cephalosporin (3GC) was used as a proxy for ESBL production. By year 2017, 3GC resistance was 22%, 31.4% and 8.3% for E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, respectively. Conclusion We report high resistance to ampicillin, quinolones and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim amongst E. coli. Resistance rates to third-generation cephalosporins was also concerningly high at 22%. Resistance to carbapenems was low. However, superiority of nitrofurantoin was found, which provides rational support for the usefulness of nitrofurantoin as an empiric therapy regimen for the treatment of urinary tract infections in this setting. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13756-022-01066-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erastus H Haindongo
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Binta Funtua
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Boni Singu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Marius Hedimbi
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Francis Kalemeera
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Jana Hamman
- Namibia Institute of Pathology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Olli Vainio
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti J Hakanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Division, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Vuopio
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Division, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Sheikh RY, Murdeshwar S, Maheshwari TK, Chacko S. Microbiological Spectrum and Antibiogram of Urinary Tract Infection in a Tertiary Care Center from the Kingdom of Bahrain. SAUDI JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES AND TRANSPLANTATION 2022; 33:S53-S60. [PMID: 37102524 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.374382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection is the second-most common after respiratory infections. This is a single-center retrospective study conducted in Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Bahrain. Urine culture data from November 2011 until December 2020 was obtained from the hospital database. Out of 28082, 4849 (17.3%) cultures were positive. One hundred and thirty-four (2.8%) showed the growth of multiple organisms. The male-to-female ratio was 3.7. Most of the patients [1872 (39.7%)] were 20-40 years. Men and women were 53.84 ± 25.85 and 43.41 ± 23.89 years, respectively; P <0.001. 4118/4715 (87.3%) were Gram-negative. Five hundred and sixty-four (11.9 %) and 33 (0.7%) were Gram-positive cocci and fungi, respectively. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common and Klebsiella species were second-most common, accounting for 2916 (61.8%) and 586 (12.4%), respectively. 30.2% of all E. coli and 130 (22.2%) of all Klebsiella species were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis were present more in inpatients (P <0.001). P. aeruginosa was found more in women (P <0.001). E. coli was resistant to cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin in 28%, 17.3%, and 18.1%, respectively. ESBL E. coli and ESBL K. pneumoniae were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin in 73.8%, 62.3%, 62.4%, 58.4% and 68.2%, 62.6%, 55.7%, and 41.8% respectively. There is a high incidence of ESBL E. coli and ESBL K. pneumoniae. There is alarmingly increased resistance of P. aeruginosa to carbapenems. Amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefixime, and cefuroxime are suitable oral antibiotics for empirical treatment. For sick patients, piperacillin-tazobactam, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems should be considered. Antibiotic stewardship is the need of an hour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soni Murdeshwar
- Department of Microbiology, Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
| | | | - Saramma Chacko
- Department of Microbiology, Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
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Ben Hassena A, Guermazi-Toumi S, Gdoura-Ben Amor M, Saidani M, Tlili S, Khannous L, Gdoura R, Siala-Trigui M. Detection of AmpC and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from urinary tract infections in Tunisia. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2022; 69:46-55. [PMID: 35037898 DOI: 10.1556/030.2022.01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent human infections in community and hospitals. This study aimed to determine the distribution of bacterial uropathogens among urinary tract infections diagnosed within the regional hospital Houcine Bouzaiene (Gafsa, South West Tunisia) during a survey of 54 days from the 8th of November to the 31st of December 2017. Enterobacterales strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance by disk diffusion method and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was tested by double-disc synergy test. Strains were further subjected to a molecular assessment of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase production by PCR. Overall, 173 bacterial isolates were studied, out of which 91.3% were Enterobacterales. Escherichia coli was the dominant pathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. High to moderate resistance rates were observed, ranging from 66% to 90.7% for penicillins, from 6.7% to 18.6% for cephalosporins and from 16.2% to 25.4% for fluoroquinolones. Enterobacterales with decreased susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins (3rd GC) carried several resistance genes: blaCTX-M group 1 and group 9, and ACC and FOX AmpC β-lactamase genes. Overall, ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases were detected in 57% and 14% of the 3rd GC-resistant isolates, respectively. This study proved the high potential of K. pneumaniae species to develop resistance against commonly used antibiotics. Thus, rigorous monitoring of the antibiotic resistance of clinical pathogens have to be implemented in Tunisia. Our results are very relevant to evaluate efficiency of the Tunisian therapeutic strategies against UTIs and adapt them to the emerging problem of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ben Hassena
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonda Guermazi-Toumi
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
- 2 Department of Biotechnology and Health, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Gdoura-Ben Amor
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Sonia Tlili
- 3 Regional Hospital Houcine Bouzaeine, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Khannous
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariam Siala-Trigui
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
- 4 Department of Biology, Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Sfax, Universiy of Sfax, Tunisia
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Atia A, Hosien B, Belhaj H. Antimicrobial resistance in Libya: A systematic literature review of two decades. BIOMEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH JOURNAL (BBRJ) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_191_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ismail F, Haq S, Aiayad M, Abushiba M, Zorgani A. Antibiotic resistance patterns of urinary pathogens in outpatients and inpatients: A report from Eastern Libya. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGICAL NURSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijun.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ismail
- Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medical Technology University of Tobruk Tobruk Libya
- National Centre for Disease Control Tobruk Libya
- Libyan Medical Research Centre Kambut Libya
| | - Soghra Haq
- Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medical Technology University of Tobruk Tobruk Libya
| | - Manal Aiayad
- Microbiology Laboratory Tobruk Medical Centre Tobruk Libya
| | - Mahmoud Abushiba
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science Azzaytuna University Tarhuna Libya
| | - Abdulaziz Zorgani
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine University of Tripoli Tripoli Libya
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Klebsiella oxytoca Complex: Update on Taxonomy, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 35:e0000621. [PMID: 34851134 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00006-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella oxytoca is actually a complex of nine species-Klebsiella grimontii, Klebsiella huaxiensis, Klebsiella michiganensis, K. oxytoca, Klebsiella pasteurii, Klebsiella spallanzanii, and three unnamed novel species. Phenotypic tests can assign isolates to the complex, but precise species identification requires genome-based analysis. The K. oxytoca complex is a human commensal but also an opportunistic pathogen causing various infections, such as antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC), urinary tract infection, and bacteremia, and has caused outbreaks. Production of the cytotoxins tilivalline and tilimycin lead to AAHC, while many virulence factors seen in Klebsiella pneumoniae, such as capsular polysaccharides and fimbriae, have been found in the complex; however, their association with pathogenicity remains unclear. Among the 5,724 K. oxytoca clinical isolates in the SENTRY surveillance system, the rates of nonsusceptibility to carbapenems, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, colistin, and tigecycline were 1.8%, 12.5%, 7.1%, 0.8%, and 0.1%, respectively. Resistance to carbapenems is increasing alarmingly. In addition to the intrinsic blaOXY, many genes encoding β-lactamases with varying spectra of hydrolysis, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases, such as a few CTX-M variants and several TEM and SHV variants, have been found. blaKPC-2 is the most common carbapenemase gene found in the complex and is mainly seen on IncN or IncF plasmids. Due to the ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance and the carriage of multiple virulence genes, the K. oxytoca complex has the potential to become a major threat to human health.
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Govindan Nadar R, Chackaravarthy G, Ramachandran G, Manoharan N, Muhammad Zubair S, Alharbi NS, Alobaidi AS, Li WJ. Isolation and molecular identification of biofilm producing P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae from urinary tract infections patient urine sample. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1875-1880. [PMID: 34802975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent years, multi drug resistant pathogens and their pathogenicity were increased worldwide due to unauthorized consumption of antibiotics. In addition, correlation between multi drug resistant bacteria and biofilm formation is heightened due to the production of more virulence behavior. There is no better identification methods are available for detection of biofilm producing gram negative bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this research work, multi drug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) were identified based on the specific antibiotics and third generation cephalosporin discs by disc diffusion assay. Subsequently, biofilm forming ability of selected pathogens were identified tissue culture plate and tube test. Based on the multi-drug resistant ability and biofilm production, the molecular identification of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were confirmed by PCR using universal primers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS No zone of inhibition present around the discs of muller hinton agar plates were confirm, selected P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae strains were multi drug resistant pathogens. Performed third generation cephalosporin antibiotics were also highly sensitive to selected pathogens of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. Further, biofilm forming ability of selected P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae was confirmed by tissue culture plate and tube methods. Finally, molecular identification of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae was named as P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. Our result was conclude, selected P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae as biofilm producing pathogens and also highly resistant to current antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajivgandhi Govindan Nadar
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Govindan Ramachandran
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natesan Manoharan
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siddiqi Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, 327 Jungang Road, Gyeonggi-do 17579, South Korea
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Alobaidi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
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Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and ESBL of Uropathogens Isolated from Adult Females in Najran Region of Saudi Arabia. Clin Pract 2021; 11:650-658. [PMID: 34563009 PMCID: PMC8482141 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract11030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To explore the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) among female patients in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia and determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methods: This study was conducted on 136 urine samples collected from outpatient departments (OPDs) of the different government hospitals in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia. Over one year, the results of susceptibility testing reports of outpatient midstream urine samples from three government hospitals were prospectively evaluated. Results: Of 136 urine samples, only 123 (90.45%) were found to show significant growth for UTIs, from which 23 different uropathogens were identified. Escherichia coli (58.5%) was the most commonly isolated organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.1%). The isolated microorganism showed increased resistance patterns from 3.3% to 62.6%, with an overall resistance of 27.19%. Meropenem was the most effective antimicrobial, followed by amikacin and ertapenem (0.47%, 0.91%, and 1.5% resistance, respectively). At the same time, ampicillin and cephazolin were the least (62.6% and 59.5% resistance, respectively) effective. Overall, eleven (8.94%) uropathogens isolates were ESBLs, among which there were eight (6.5%) Escherichia coli, one (0.81%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, one (0.81%) Klebsiella oxytoca, and one (0.81%) Citrobacter amalonaticus. Conclusions: E. coli remains the most commonly isolated causative uropathogens, followed by Klebsiella species. The prevalence of pathogenic E. coli and Klebsiella species underscores the importance of developing cost-effective, precise, and rapid identification systems to minimize public exposure to uropathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility data revealed that most of the isolates were resistant to the majority of the antibiotics. The patients with UTIs in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia are at a high risk of antibiotic resistance, leading to significant problems in outpatient department (OPD) treatment outcomes and raising the alarm for the physician to change their empiric treatment.
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Azimirad M, Tajbakhsh M, Yadegar A, Zali MR. Recurrent urinary tract infection with antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a patient with Crohn's disease: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04531. [PMID: 34401151 PMCID: PMC8355749 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent urinary tract infections with resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are a potential complication of the long-term use of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research CenterResearch Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mercedeh Tajbakhsh
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research CenterResearch Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research CenterResearch Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research CenterResearch Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Co-Existence of Certain ESBLs, MBLs and Plasmid Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes among MDR E. coli Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens in Egypt. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070835. [PMID: 34356756 PMCID: PMC8300665 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains and even pan drug resistant (PDR) strains is alarming. In this study, we studied the resistance pattern of E. coli pathogens recovered from patients with different infections in different hospitals in Minia, Egypt and the co-existence of different resistance determinants. E. coli was the most prevalent among patients suffering from urinary tract infections (62%), while they were the least isolated from eye infections (10%). High prevalence of MDR isolates was found (73%) associated with high ESBLs and MBLs production (89.4% and 64.8%, respectively). blaTEM (80%) and blaNDM (43%) were the most frequent ESBL and MBL, respectively. None of the isolates harbored blaKPC and blaOXA-48 carbapenemase like genes. Also, the fluoroquinolone modifying enzyme gene aac-(6′)-Ib-cr was detected in 25.2% of the isolates. More than one gene was found in 81% of the isolates. Azithromycin was one of the most effective antibiotics against MDR E. coli pathogens. The high MAR index of the isolates and the high prevalence of resistance genes, indicates an important public health concern and high-risk communities where antibiotics are abused.
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Al-Orphaly M, Hadi HA, Eltayeb FK, Al-Hail H, Samuel BG, Sultan AA, Skariah S. Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Middle East and North Africa Region. mSphere 2021; 6:e00202-21. [PMID: 34011686 PMCID: PMC8265635 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00202-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, there has been a dramatic global increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens particularly among Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for various health care-associated infections, while MDR P. aeruginosa causes significant morbidity and mortality. Middle East and North Africa (MENA) represent an unexplored geographical region for the study of drug resistance since many of these countries are at crossroads of high volume of travel, diverse expatriate populations, as well as high antibiotic consumption despite attempts to implement antimicrobial stewardship programs. This minireview analyzes epidemiology, microbiological, and genomic characteristics of MDR P. aeruginosa in the MENA region. Published data on MDR P. aeruginosa prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and genetic profiles from studies published during the past 10 years from 19 MENA countries have been included in this minireview. There is wide variation in the epidemiology of MDR P. aeruginosa in the MENA region in terms of prevalence, antimicrobial characteristics, as well as genetic profiles. Overall, there is high prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa seen in the majority of the countries in the MENA region with similarities between neighboring countries, which might reflect comparable population and antibiotic-prescribing cultures. Isolates from critical care units are significantly resistant particularly from certain countries such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Lebanon with high-level resistance to cephalosporins, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides. Colistin susceptibility patterns remains high apart from countries with high-level antibiotic resistance such as Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Al-Orphaly
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamad Abdel Hadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hissa Al-Hail
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bincy Gladson Samuel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali A Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sini Skariah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Matalka A, Al-Husban N, Alkuran O, Almuhaisen L, Basha A, Eid M, Elmuhtaseb MS, Al Oweidat K. Spectrum of uropathogens and their susceptibility to antimicrobials in pregnant women: a retrospective analysis of 5-year hospital data. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211006540. [PMID: 33990142 PMCID: PMC8127801 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211006540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common during pregnancy. Identification of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of microorganisms in pregnant women is important to select the most appropriate antimicrobial. We assessed common uropathogens in pregnant women with UTI and antimicrobial susceptibility, to guide empirical antibiotic selection. METHODS In this retrospective study, we analyzed mid-stream urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility data from pregnant women who attended Jordan University Hospital during 2014 to 2018. Data were collected from patients' charts and urine cultures, and sensitivity results were extracted from the laboratory electronic system. We calculated descriptive statistics and determined correlations among pathogens and antibiotics. RESULTS We examined 612 positive urine cultures from 559 pregnant women, including 163 (29.2%) inpatients. Escherichia coli (29.4%) was the most frequently identified microorganism, followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (21.6%). All bacterial isolates were sensitive to aztreonam, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, piperacillin, and colistin sulfate; 87.5% were sensitive to amikacin. Only 15.79%, 18.93%, and 17.91% were sensitive to oxacillin, nalidixic acid, and erythromycin, respectively. CONCLUSION E. coli and CoNS were the most commonly identified microorganisms in this study. We found increased antibiotic resistance in Enterobacter species. The chosen antimicrobial therapy in pregnancy should be determined by sensitivity/resistance and fetomaternal safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a Matalka
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Naser Al-Husban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Oqba Alkuran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lama Almuhaisen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asma Basha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Eid
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Jordan and Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Khaled Al Oweidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Antimicrobial Resistance among Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Attending Antenatal Clinic at Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital (LMUTH), Lusaka, Zambia. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:8884297. [PMID: 33747088 PMCID: PMC7952174 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8884297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Globally, there is a growing concern over antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which is currently estimated to account for more than 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. AMR undermines the management of infectious diseases in general especially in pregnancy where significant bacteriuria continues to be a serious cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. We therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of AMR and the associated factors among pregnant women with urinary tract infections (UTIs) attending antenatal clinic at a selected hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study conducted between November 2018 and May 2019. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics and behavioural characteristics. Laboratory tests were also conducted. Descriptive statistics of study participants were used to describe the characteristics of the respondents. Chi-square was used to assess the association between categorical variables. The logistic regression analysis was carried out to generate the adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results Overall (n = 203), the prevalence of UTI was 60% (95% CI: 53.3%-66.7%). The most isolated bacteria were E. coli (59%) and Klebsiella (21%). The prevalence of AMR was found to be 53% (95% CI: 46.1%-59.8%). The drugs highly resistant to antimicrobials were nalidixic acid (88.3%), ampicillin (77.8%), and norfloxacin (58.5%), while the least resistant drug was chloramphenicol (20%). There were no important significant predictors to AMR among pregnant women observed in this study. Conclusion We found high burden of AMR closely linked to observe high prevalence of UTI suggested in this small population. This suggests a need to develop integrated surveillance systems that aim for early and regular screening of pregnant women for UTI as well as concurrent determination of antibiotic susceptibility patterns. This is important to prevent complications that may endanger maternal and fetal health outcomes. Furthermore, further research is needed to explore reasons for this high prevalence of AMR including examining possible attribution to the misuse of drugs so as to inform, enforce, or adjust the prescription-only policies and enforce antimicrobial stewardship programs.
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Gharavi MJ, Zarei J, Roshani-Asl P, Yazdanyar Z, Sharif M, Rashidi N. Comprehensive study of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence in bacteria isolated from urine samples. Sci Rep 2021. [PMID: 33436687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79791-0021)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, increasing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have become a global concern because of inducing resistance toward most of the antimicrobial classes and making the treatment difficult. In order to achieve an appropriate treatment option, identification of the prevalent species which generate ESBL as well as their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is essential worldwide. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria and assess their drug susceptibility in Fardis Town, Iran. A total of 21,604 urine samples collected from patients suspected to have urinary tract infection (UTI) were processed in the current study. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was tested by the disk diffusion method. The ESBL producing bacteria were determined by Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) procedure. Bacterial growth was detected in 1408 (6.52%) cases. The most common bacterial strains causing UTI were found E. coli (72.16%), followed by K. pneumoniae (10.3%) and S. agalactiae (5.7%). Overall, 398 (28.26%) were ESBL producer. The highest ESBL production was observed in E. coli, followed by Klebsiella species. ESBL producers revealed a higher level of antibiotic resistance compared with non-ESBLs. In conclusion, ESBL production in uropathogens was relatively high. Carbapenems and Aminoglycosides were confirmed as the most effective treatment options for these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Gharavi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zarei
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Para Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parisa Roshani-Asl
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Yazdanyar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Sharif
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rashidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gharavi MJ, Zarei J, Roshani-Asl P, Yazdanyar Z, Sharif M, Rashidi N. Comprehensive study of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence in bacteria isolated from urine samples. Sci Rep 2021; 11:578. [PMID: 33436687 PMCID: PMC7804094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, increasing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have become a global concern because of inducing resistance toward most of the antimicrobial classes and making the treatment difficult. In order to achieve an appropriate treatment option, identification of the prevalent species which generate ESBL as well as their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is essential worldwide. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria and assess their drug susceptibility in Fardis Town, Iran. A total of 21,604 urine samples collected from patients suspected to have urinary tract infection (UTI) were processed in the current study. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was tested by the disk diffusion method. The ESBL producing bacteria were determined by Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) procedure. Bacterial growth was detected in 1408 (6.52%) cases. The most common bacterial strains causing UTI were found E. coli (72.16%), followed by K. pneumoniae (10.3%) and S. agalactiae (5.7%). Overall, 398 (28.26%) were ESBL producer. The highest ESBL production was observed in E. coli, followed by Klebsiella species. ESBL producers revealed a higher level of antibiotic resistance compared with non-ESBLs. In conclusion, ESBL production in uropathogens was relatively high. Carbapenems and Aminoglycosides were confirmed as the most effective treatment options for these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Gharavi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zarei
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Para Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parisa Roshani-Asl
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Yazdanyar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Sharif
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rashidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Costa PV, de Siqueira RM, Rosa Guimarães AC, Vasconcellos L, Midlej V, Silva da Conceição GM, Forsythe SJ, Lima Brandão ML. Cytotoxicity profile of Cronobacter species isolated from food and clinical specimens in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1758-1769. [PMID: 33090617 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of Cronobacter strains isolated from foods (n = 50) and clinical samples (n = 6) in Brazil and genotype selected strains (n = 18) using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) METHODS AND RESULTS: The cytotoxic activity of C. sakazakii (n = 29), C. dublinensis (n = 13), C. malonaticus (n = 6), C. turicensis (n = 6) and C. muytjensii (n = 2) was screened using Vero, RK13, Hep2c, NCTC clone 929 and BHK-21 cell lines. Selected Cronobacter strains were assigned to C. sakazakii ST 21, C. turicensis ST 252, C. sakazakii ST 647, and three newly assigned STs: C. turicensis STs 738-740. The maximum death caused by non-heat-treated filtrates was 20·4, 86·2, 47·0 and 84·0%, in Vero, RK13, Hep2c and NCTC clone 929 cells, respectively. These were caused by C. sakazakii strains C291 and C292 (ST 494) which had been isolated during neonatal Cronobacter meningitis infection, and C110 (ST 395) isolated from flaxseed flour. Thermal treatment (100°C/20 min) significantly reduced the cytotoxicity activity in NCTC clone 929 and Vero cells (P ≤ 2 × 10-6 ), but not in RK13 (P = 0·12) and Hep2c (P = 0·85), indicating the cytotoxin(s) were probably proteinaceous. Electron microscopy revealed that cytotoxic compounds from C. sakazakii induced several cell death characteristics, including loss of cell-cell contact, microvilli reduction and cellular lysis. Autophagic vacuoles and mitochondrial damage were the most common ultrastructural features observed. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that Cronobacter strains, especially C. sakazakii, could produce heat-labile cytotoxic compounds in cell filtrates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study providing insights into the pathogenesis of the Cronobacter genus. Cytotoxins were identified in excreted filtrates of C. sakazakii strains isolated from food and clinical specimens. The presence of Cronobacter strains that can produce cytotoxins in foods can be a potential threat to human health and highlight the need for high levels of hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Costa
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Food and Sanitizes, INCQS/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R M de Siqueira
- Laboratory of Viral Vaccines, Biopharmaceutics, and Cell Culture, INCQS/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A C Rosa Guimarães
- Laboratory of Viral Vaccines, Biopharmaceutics, and Cell Culture, INCQS/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Vasconcellos
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Food and Sanitizes, INCQS/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V Midlej
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure, IOC/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - S J Forsythe
- Foodmicrobe.com, Adams Hill, Keyworth, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - M L Lima Brandão
- Laboratory of Microbiology Control, Biomanguinhos/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fenderski A, Ahani Azari A, Dadgar T. Phenotypic Detection of Beta-lactamases among Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citrobacter freundii Isolates from Urinary Samples in Gorgan, Northeast Iran. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.8.4.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Eve A, Aliero AA, Nalubiri D, Adeyemo RO, Akinola SA, Pius T, Nabaasa S, Nabukeera S, Alkali B, Ntulume I. In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts of Artocarpus heterophyllus Seeds against Selected Diarrhoea-Causing Superbug Bacteria. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:9813970. [PMID: 32963501 PMCID: PMC7492905 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9813970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current upsurge in resistance to conventional antibiotics, as well as high cost of orthodox medical treatment, called for the use of medicinal plants as an alternative therapy. This research was aimed at determining the antibacterial activity of Artocarpus heterophyllus seed extracts (Jackfruit as it is locally called) in the treatment of diarrhoea. Ethanolic and hexanolic seed crude extracts of the plant were screened for antidiarrhoeal activity against bacteria isolated from clinical samples (methicillin-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella typhimurium, and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli). Plant phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods. The antibacterial activity was carried out using the agar well diffusion method and compared to the standard antibiotics ceftriaxone and vancomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the microbroth dilution method, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration was determined by plating out from microtitre plates with no visible growth. The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and steroids from the prepared crude extracts. The ethanolic and hexanolic extracts had activity on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus with the mean and standard error zone of inhibition that ranged from 8.5 ± 0.5 to 16.5 ± 0.25 mm; however, the extracts were found not to have activity on resistant E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The ethanolic crude extract had the lowest MIC and MBC values of 31.25 and 125 mg/ml, respectively, compared to the hexane extract which had the MIC and MBC values of 62.50 and 250 mg/ml, respectively. This provides the evidence for its usage as an alternative herbal remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea caused by susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asio Eve
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O Box 71 Bushenyi, Ishaka, Uganda
| | - Adamu Almustapha Aliero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O Box 71 Bushenyi, Ishaka, Uganda
| | - Doreen Nalubiri
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rasheed Omotayo Adeyemo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O Box 71 Bushenyi, Ishaka, Uganda
| | - Saheed Adekunle Akinola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O Box 71 Bushenyi, Ishaka, Uganda
| | - Theophilus Pius
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Western Campus, P.O Box 71 Bushenyi, Ishaka, Uganda
| | - Saphurah Nabaasa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Western Campus, P.O Box 71 Bushenyi, Ishaka, Uganda
| | - Susan Nabukeera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Western Campus, P.O Box 71 Bushenyi, Ishaka, Uganda
| | - Bashir Alkali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O Box 71 Bushenyi, Ishaka, Uganda
| | - Ibrahim Ntulume
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O Box 71 Bushenyi, Ishaka, Uganda
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Elamary RB, Albarakaty FM, Salem WM. Efficacy of Acacia nilotica aqueous extract in treating biofilm-forming and multidrug resistant uropathogens isolated from patients with UTI syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11125. [PMID: 32636429 PMCID: PMC7341837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the dominant bacterial cause of UTI among the uropathogens in both developed and developing countries. This study is to investigate the effect of Acacia nilotica aqueous extract on the survival and biofilm of isolated pathogens to reduce UTIs diseases. A total of 170 urine samples were collected from Luxor general hospital and private medical analysis laboratories in Luxor providence, Egypt. Samples were screened for the incidence of uropathogens by biochemical tests, antibiotics susceptibility, detection of virulence, and antibiotic-resistant genes by multiplex PCR, biofilm formation, and time-killing assay. Escherichia coli is by far the most prevalent causative agent with the percentage of 73.7% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, and Acinetobacter baumanii. Isolates were multidrug-resistant containing blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX, qnrs, and aac(3)-Ia resistant genes. All isolates were sensitive to 15-16.7 mg ml-1 of Acacia nilotica aqueous extract. Time killing assay confirmed the bactericidal effect of the extract over time (20-24 h). A high percentage of 3-Cyclohexane-1-Carboxaldehyde, 2,6,6-trimethyl (23.5%); á-Selinene (15.12%); Oleic Acid (14.52%); Globulol (11.35%) were detected among 19 bioactive phytochemical compounds in the aqueous extract of A. nilotica over the GC-mass spectra analysis. The plant extract reduced significantly the biofilm activity of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and P. aeuroginosa by 62.6, 59. 03, 48.9 and 39.2%, respectively. The challenge to improve the production of A. nilotica phytochemicals is considered a very low price for the return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokaia B Elamary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Fawziah M Albarakaty
- Department of Biology, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Al Moukarramh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam M Salem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Urinary tract infection due to Aeromonas species: An uncommon causative agent. J Natl Med Assoc 2020; 112:294-299. [PMID: 32349861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the genus Aeromonas are Gram-negative bacilli, belonging to family Aeromonadaceae, and are widely found in various aquatic environments. The most common species associated with human infections are A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii biovar sobria. Aeromonas species are recognized as emerging opportunistic pathogens in humans mainly causing gastrointestinal infections and wound infections with or without progression to septicaemia. Aeromonas organisms rarely cause urinary tract infection (UTI) and are not known uropathogens. CASE We report a series of UTI due to Aeromonas species in three adult patients, specifically identified as A. veronii biovar sobria in two patients and A. hydrophila in one patient. Two patients had history of occupational exposure to aquatic environment. CONCLUSIONS The cases highlight another expanded range of infections caused by Aeromonas spp. that can be encountered in a community setting and indicate that infections with Aeromonas spp. should be kept in mind while investigating for the etiology of UTI, especially in adult patients with occupational exposure to aquatic ecosystems.
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Folliero V, Caputo P, Della Rocca MT, Chianese A, Galdiero M, Iovene MR, Hay C, Franci G, Galdiero M. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infections in University Hospital of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" between 2017 and 2018. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050215. [PMID: 32354050 PMCID: PMC7277346 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common and expensive health problem globally. The treatment of UTIs is difficult owing to the onset of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The aim of this study was to define the incidence of infections, identify the bacteria responsible, and identify the antimicrobial resistance profile. Patients of all ages and both sexes were included in the study, all admitted to University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, between January 2017 and December 2018. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Phoenix BD. Among the 1745 studied patients, 541 (31%) and 1204 (69%) were positive and negative for bacterial growth, respectively. Of 541 positive patients, 325 (60%) were females, while 216 (39.9%) were males. The largest number of positive subjects was recorded in the elderly (>61 years). Among the pathogenic strains, 425 (78.5%) were Gram-negative, 107 (19.7%) were Gram-positive, and 9 (1.7%) were Candida species. The most isolated Gram-negative strain is Escherichia coli (E. coli) (53.5%). The most frequent Gram-positive strain was Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (12.9%). Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin, whereas Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to erythromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Folliero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (M.R.I.); (C.H.)
| | - Pina Caputo
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Luigi Vanvitelli of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.T.D.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Della Rocca
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Luigi Vanvitelli of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.T.D.R.)
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (M.R.I.); (C.H.)
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (M.R.I.); (C.H.)
| | - Maria R. Iovene
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (M.R.I.); (C.H.)
| | - Cameron Hay
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (M.R.I.); (C.H.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, SA 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (M.G.); Tel.: +39-338-568-3762 (G.F.); +39-081-566-5834 (M.G.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (M.R.I.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (M.G.); Tel.: +39-338-568-3762 (G.F.); +39-081-566-5834 (M.G.)
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Khan MI, Xu S, Ali MM, Ali R, Kazmi A, Akhtar N, Bilal M, Hu Y, Li F. Assessment of multidrug resistance in bacterial isolates from urinary tract-infected patients. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1730579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Pathology Department, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Surui Xu
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Malik Mubashar Ali
- Pathology Department, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ahsan Kazmi
- Pathology Department, Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Akhtar
- Pathology Department, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fenfen Li
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Sharma D, Preston SE, Hage R. Emerging Antibiotic Resistance to Bacterial Isolates from Human Urinary Tract Infections in Grenada. Cureus 2019; 11:e5752. [PMID: 31700763 PMCID: PMC6822554 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A urinary tract infection (UTI) in humans is one of the most common ailments in developing countries. The treatment of UTI is becoming difficult because of the increasing drug resistance against the common bacteria associated with UTI. This research aimed to determine the bacteria, and their antimicrobial drug resistance, associated with UTI in the Grenada population. A retrospective study of data (2015 through 2017) from the microbiology laboratory of the Grenada General Hospital was analyzed. Bacteria were isolated from 1289 (33.3%) urine cultures of 3867 UTI suspected urine samples. Both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus 5.0%; Enterococci group D 43.2%) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli 51%; Klebsiella pneumoniae20.0%; Proteus mirabilis 10.0%; Acinetobacter spp. 20.0%) were isolated. Bacterial isolates were tested for their resistance to nine antibacterial drugs (ampicillin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, Bactrim, imipenem, augmentin, and ciprofloxacin). Gram-negative bacteria showed higher antimicrobial drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Anatomy, St. George's University School of Medicine, St Georges, GRD
| | - Sara E Preston
- Basic Science, St. George's University School of Medicine, St Georges, GRD
| | - Robert Hage
- Otolaryngology, St. George's University School of Medicine, St Georges, GRD
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Alemayehu T, Ali M, Mitiku E, Hailemariam M. The burden of antimicrobial resistance at tertiary care hospital, southern Ethiopia: a three years' retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:585. [PMID: 31277588 PMCID: PMC6612117 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem that crosses international boundaries and spread between continents easily. Hence, information on the existence of the causative microorganisms and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics are essential to enhance therapeutic outcome. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The culture and antibiotic sensitivity data of the isolates were collected from the record books of the microbiology unit for the study period after official permission obtained from the institutional review board. The data entered and analyzed using statistical package for social science software version 20. Result A total of 693 bacteria were retrieved, of these 435(62.77%) were gram-negative and the rest 258(37.23%) were gram-positive. Most of the isolates were from a urine sample. Among gram positives isolates, S. aureus and from gram negatives Klebsiella spp are the most recurrent isolate. Almost a remarkable resistance was observed to most of the antibiotics mainly, penicillin G (81.8%) and cotrimoxazole (81.1%), for gram-positive bacteria. The gram-negative bacteria also show resistance to ampicillin (92.5%), tetracycline (85%) and cotrimoxazole (93.1%). Conclusions Nearly all isolate show substantial rates of resistance to most of the antibiotic that is frequently used in the study area. As already known we want to emphases on the importance of performing continuous monitoring of drug susceptibility to help the empirical treatment of bacterial agents to a health professional in the region. In addition, this data might help policymakers to control of antibiotics resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaye Alemayehu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O.box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Mulubrahan Ali
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O.box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Molecular Diagnosis of Diarrheagenic E. coli Infections Among the Pediatric Patients in Wasit Province, Iraq. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.4.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Al-Naqshbandi AA, Chawsheen MA, Abdulqader HH. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from urine specimens received in rizgary hospital - Erbil. J Infect Public Health 2018; 12:330-336. [PMID: 30522892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health-associated problem worldwide. Like other medical conditions, UTI patients may suffer from poor treatment outcomes due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Determining patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in uropathogens will guide physicians to choose the best antibiotics for treating affected patients. In this project we aimed to evaluate the frequencies of pathogens associated with UTI and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. METHODS This study was conducted on 2692 urine samples of patients visited Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil city. Aerobic bacterial growth identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using VITEK®2 compact system. RESULTS Our data show that more than 20% of all studied samples were negative for bacterial growth; only 16.72% of them were pathogenic bacteria in which 82.44% of them were Gram negative bacteria (GNB) and the rest were Gram positive bacteria (GPB). Escherichia coli was the most frequent, and Acinetobacter baumannii was the most resistant GNB. Staphylococcus haemolyticus was the most frequent, and Enterococcus faecalis was the most resistant GPB. In general GNB were highly resistant to Ticarcillin and Cefepime, and GPB were also resistant to Ticarcillin, and Tigecycline antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS The amount of negative culture growth indicates that symptoms only based diagnosis for UTI detection is unreliable. E. coli is the most UTI related pathogen, E. faecalis and A. baumannii were among highly antibiotic resistant bacteria. Finally, since many of GNG and GPB isolates were resistant to several antibiotics, there might be a high possibility for multi drug resistant among local population in Erbil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haval H Abdulqader
- Laboratory Department, Rizgary Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Rajivgandhi G, Ramachandran G, Maruthupandy M, Vaseeharan B, Manoharan N. Molecular identification and structural characterization of marine endophytic actinomycetes Nocardiopsis sp. GRG 2 (KT 235641) and its antibacterial efficacy against isolated ESBL producing bacteria. Microb Pathog 2018; 126:138-148. [PMID: 30316902 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to identify the potential bioactive compound from endophytic actinomycetes (EA) Nocardiopsis sp. GRG 2 (KT 235641) against selected extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). Initially, the multi drug resistance (MDR) effect of selected uropathogens was confirmed by respective UTI panel of Hexa antibiotics disc methods. The zone of inhibition ≤22 mm for ceftazidime, ≤ 27 mm for cefotaxime and ≤8 mm zone of MIC stripe against both the uropathogens of phenotypic methods confirmed, the selected strains were ESBL producer. Among the various EA extracts, GRG 2 extract showed excellent antibacterial activity against both ESBL producing P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia by agar well diffution method. The molecular identification of selected GRG 2 strain was named as Nocardiopsis sp. GRG 2 (KT235641). The antibacterial metabolites present in the TLC elution was exhibited at 274 nm by UV visible spectrometer. The partial purification of preparative HPLC fraction 3 showed 14, 16 mm against P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Based on the antibacterial effect, the FT-IR, GC-MS and LC-MS analysis of fraction 3 was confirmed as 1, 4-diaza-2, 5-dioxo-3-isobutyl bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane (DDIBN). Further, the dose dependent inhibition of DDIBN against both ESBL producing pathogens was observed at 75 μg/mL by minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The increased cell death and disrupted cell membrane integrity were observed at MIC of DDIBN by confocal laser scanning electron microscope (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were proved that the DDIBN has potential antibacterial metabolites against ESBL producing pathogens and it can be applied for various other biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindan Rajivgandhi
- Medical Microbiology and Marine Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Govindan Ramachandran
- Medical Microbiology and Marine Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Muthuchamy Maruthupandy
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-03, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natesan Manoharan
- Medical Microbiology and Marine Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24, Tamilnadu, India.
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Dautt-Leyva JG, Canizalez-Román A, Acosta Alfaro LF, Gonzalez-Ibarra F, Murillo-Llanes J. Maternal and perinatal complications in pregnant women with urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 44:1384-1390. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José G. Dautt-Leyva
- Department of Neonatology; Women's Hospital, Secretariat of Health; Sinaloa Mexico
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Román
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine; Autonomous University of Sinaloa; Sinaloa Mexico
- Research Department ; Women's Hospital, Secretariat of Health; Sinaloa Mexico
| | | | | | - Joel Murillo-Llanes
- Research Department ; Women's Hospital, Secretariat of Health; Sinaloa Mexico
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Alviz-Amador A, Gamero-Tafur K, Caraballo-Marimon R, Gamero-Tafur J. Prevalencia de infección del tracto urinario, uropatógenos y perfil de susceptibilidad en un hospital de Cartagena, Colombia. 2016. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v66n3.62601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. Dada la alta prevalencia de la infección del tracto urinario (ITU) y la significativa resistencia de los patógenos implicados, el mundo se enfrenta a un problema creciente de salud pública.Objetivos. Describir la prevalencia de ITU y uropatógenos y analizar los perfiles de susceptibilidad en los reportes de urocultivos del laboratorio de microbiología de un hospital de referencia.Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal con una muestra de 396 urocultivos positivos en el que se calculó la prevalencia de ITU, uropatógenos y perfil de resistencia microbiana. Se realizaron pruebas de hipótesis y regresión logística no condicional para conocer si existía diferencia estadística entre el género.Resultados. La prevalencia de ITU fue del 28%, los tres patógenos aislados más frecuentes fueron Escherichia coli, Escherichia. coli con ß-lactamasas de espectro extendido y Pseudomonas. aeruginosa. La mayor frecuencia de resistencia a antibióticos para estos patógenos fue ampicilina (66.6%), ceftriaxona (100%) y gentamicina (39.5%), respectivamente.Conclusiones. Por la alta prevalencia, el amplio espectro de uropatógenos aislados y la diversidad de perfiles de resistencia antibiótica, se evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar investigaciones locales que permitan orientar las acciones en salud y vigilancia epidemiológica.
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Vasconcellos L, Carvalho CT, Tavares RO, de Mello Medeiros V, de Oliveira Rosas C, Silva JN, dos Reis Lopes SM, Forsythe SJ, Brandão MLL. Isolation, molecular and phenotypic characterization of Cronobacter spp. in ready-to-eat salads and foods from Japanese cuisine commercialized in Brazil. Food Res Int 2018; 107:353-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Teichmann-Knorrn S, Reese S, Wolf G, Hartmann K, Dorsch R. Prevalence of feline urinary tract pathogens and antimicrobial resistance over five years. Vet Rec 2018; 183:21. [PMID: 29622684 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to document the prevalence of bacterial species in cats with significant bacteriuria and to compare their antimicrobial susceptibilities over five years. One hundred sixty-nine positive urine cultures from 150 cats were included. Fifty-five per cent showed clinical signs, while 40 per cent had subclinical bacteriuria. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus species, Enterococcus species, Streptococcus species and Proteus mirabilis accounted for 50.5 per cent, 22.9 per cent, 15,1 per cent, 3.6 per cent and 2.6 per cent, respectively. Enterococcus species was significantly more common in cats with subclinical bacteriuria. Enterococcus species and Proteus mirabilis isolates were resistant to a significantly higher number of antimicrobials than other isolates. Applying the formula to select rational antimicrobial therapy, bacterial isolates were most likely to be susceptible to imipenem, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin and amoxicillin clavulanic acid. Over the study period, only minor differences were noted for the antimicrobial impact factors (IFs) between years and between cats with and without clinical signs. The cumulative IF increased significantly compared with the previous 10 years. Empirical treatment of bacterial cystitis should be avoided whenever possible and, if needed, based on the locally determined bacterial spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sven Reese
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Wolf
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roswitha Dorsch
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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