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Wan Saidin WA, Jantan I, Abdul Wahab SM, Jalil J, Mohd Said M, Yusoff SD, Husain K. Pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of hypophyllanthin: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1070557. [PMID: 36699081 PMCID: PMC9868173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1070557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypophyllanthin is a major lignan present in various Phyllanthus species and has been used as one of the bioactive chemical markers for quality control purposes as it contributes to their diverse pharmacological activities. The objective of this study is to compile up-to-date data on the pharmacological actions and mechanisms of hypophyllanthin. This review also includes the extracts of Phyllanthus species whose pharmacological actions have been partially attributed to hypophyllanthin. The scientific findings on the compound are critically analyzed and its potential as a lead molecule for the discovery of drug candidates for the development of therapeutics to treat diverse diseases is highlighted. Data collection was mainly through the exploration of Ovid-MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Direct, and Elsevier databases. Studies conducted in vitro and in vivo showed that hypophyllanthin had potent immunomodulating properties as well as a variety of other pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, anti-allergic, anti-hypertensive, and phytoestrogenic properties. Several mechanisms of action on the effects of hypophyllanthin on the immune system, in cancer and other disease states, were presented to provide some insights into its pharmacological effects. Before being submitted to clinical investigations, additional animal studies utilising different animal models are necessary to analyse its bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties, as well as its toxicity, to determine its efficacy and safety. Understanding its potential as a lead molecule for the discovery of therapeutic candidates, particularly for the development of therapies for inflammatory and immune-related disorders, requires an understanding of its pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action. An insight into its pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action will provide an understanding of its potential as a lead compound for the discovery of drug candidates, especially for the development of therapies for inflammatory and immune related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Azmira Wan Saidin
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Mariam Abdul Wahab
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazlina Mohd Said
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syaratul Dalina Yusoff
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairana Husain
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Khairana Husain,
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Roy S, Dhaneshwar S, Mahmood T, Kumar S, Saxena SK. Pre-clinical Investigation of Protective Effect of Nutraceutical D-Glucosamine on TNBS-induced Colitis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 45:172-184. [PMID: 36154797 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2128370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The level of precursors involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), glucosamine synthase, and N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG), are significantly reduced in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This results in deficient GAG content in mucosa, which eventually disrupts the gut wall integrity, provoking abnormal immunological responses. This is characterized by colossal liberation of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (IL), and reactive oxygen species provoking colonic inflammation. D-glucosamine (D-GLU) is reported to suppress oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acts as a starting material for biosynthesis of NAG. The potential of D-GLU and its combination with mesalamine (5-ASA) was investigated in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-instigated IBD in Wistar rats. Standard and test drugs were given orally for five days to separate groups of rats. Colonic inflammation was evaluated by disease activity score rate (DASR), colon/body weight ratio, colon length, diameter, colon pH, histological injury and score. Inflammatory biomarkers IL-1β, TNF-α, along with reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed. Combination of D-GLU +5-ASA significantly ameliorated severity of colonic inflammation by lowering DASR (P < 0.001) and colon/body weight ratio (P < 0.001), restored the colonic architecture and suppressed the histopathological score (P < 0.001), along with the absence of major adverse reactions. The combination suppressed the levels of inflammatory markers (P < 0.001) and MDA (P < 0.001) while enhancing GSH level (P < 0.001). In comparison to individual 5-ASA and D-GLU, combination of drugs significantly diminished colitis severity through their combined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by acting on multiple targets simultaneously. The combination holds remarkable potential in the management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Roy
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Suneela Dhaneshwar
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Tarique Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Swatantra Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Research (CFAR), Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Shailendra K Saxena
- Centre for Advanced Research (CFAR), Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226003, India
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Alsakhawy MA, Abdelmonsif DA, Haroun M, Sabra SA. Naringin-loaded Arabic gum/pectin hydrogel as a potential wound healing material. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:701-714. [PMID: 36170930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complicated cellular process with overlapping phases. Naringin (NAR); a flavanone glycoside, possesses numerous pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. In the current study, Arabic gum (AG)/pectin hydrogel was utilized to encapsulate NAR. Drug-loaded AG/pectin hydrogel exhibited excellent EE% of about 99.88 ± 0.096 and high DL% of about 16.64 ± 0.013. The formulated drug-loaded hydrogel was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Zetasizer analyzer, besides determination of equilibrium degree of swelling (EDS%). Afterwards, wound healing potential of NAR-loaded AG/pectin hydrogel was evaluated in an in vivo animal model. Results manifested that NAR-loaded AG/pectin hydrogel was able to accelerate wound healing in terms of enhanced angiogenesis, re-epithelialization and collagen deposition. Furthermore, it significantly (P < 0.001) down-regulated the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α) and apoptosis (BAX). In addition, NAR-loaded AG/pectin hydrogel was found to possess potent antioxidant activity as it enhanced the levels of SOD and GSH, besides decreasing the levels of MPO, MDA and nitrite. These data suggest that NAR-loaded AG/pectin hydrogel could be utilized in wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Alsakhawy
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Medhat Haroun
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Sally A Sabra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
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Roy S, Dhaneshwar S, Mahmood T. Exploring the Potential of IL-1β Inhibitor Diacerein and its Combination with 5-Aminosalicylic Acid for the Possible Ameliorating Effect in TNBS-induced Experimental Colitis in Wistar Rats. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220328142715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL), and oxidative stress are crucial players in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that contribute in perpetuating intestinal inflammation. Targeting them presents a novel approach in disease management. In the present study, the potential of an antiosteoarthritic IL-inhibitor drug, diacerein (DIA) was investigated in 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)- instigated ulcerative colitis (UC) in Wistar rats. A comparative study was also undertaken to investigate the potential of combination therapy of DIA with the standard drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) versus monotherapy.
Methods:
Colitis was developed by single intra-colonic administration of TNBS (100mg/kg); whereas drugs 5-ASA (25.5 mg/kg), DIA (100 mg/kg), and DIA+5-ASA (100+ 25.5 mg/kg) were administered orally for five days post-induction to various groups of rats. Parameters like disease activity score, colon/body weight ratio, colon length, diameter, gut pH were assessed, and histopathological analysis was carried out. Biochemical markers of colonic inflammation such as IL-1β, TNF-α, reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also estimated.
Results:
Combination of DIA and 5-ASA demonstrated the most significant reduction of the colon to body weight ratio and disease activity score. It prominently restored the colon length, diameter, and gut pH to normal. It attenuated the biochemical alterations induced by TNBS, indicating a highly significant defensive outcome against colonic inflammation. The histopathological report demonstrated the renovating effect of the combination of disrupted colonic histology with minimally distressing liver, stomach, or pancreas compared to individual drugs.
Conclusion:
The combination remarkably downregulated the level of inflammation by suppressing both provocative cytokines and reactive oxygen species production. It can be evaluated further in a clinical setup as a novel and promising drug therapy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Roy
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Suneela Dhaneshwar
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Tarique Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, India
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Jiang M, Lv K. Ameliorative efficacy of oxypaeoniflorin, a traditional chinese medicine monomer against adjuvant-induced arthritic inflammation and pain. Pharmacogn Mag 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_571_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Keshavarzi Z, Ashekar A, Vatanchian M, Abbaspour A, Bibak B, Behnamfar M, Barzegar S, Shakeri F. The effect of woody endocarpium of walnut alcoholic extract on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Keshavarzi
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Bahram Bibak
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Li Y, Yang H, Yuan S. D-Pinitol-attenuated trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in experimental rats: possible through inhibition of nuclear factor-κb/nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in b-cell inhibitor-alpha pathway and activation of colonic tight junction proteins. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_177_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Tao Z, Chun-Yan H, Hua P, Bin-Bin Y, Xiaoping T. Phyllathin From Phyllanthus Amarus Ameliorates Epileptic Convulsion and Kindling Associated Post-Ictal Depression in Mice via Inhibition of NF-κB/TLR-4 Pathway. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820946914. [PMID: 32821254 PMCID: PMC7412921 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820946914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is a chronic, complex, unprovoked, and recurrent disorder of the nervous system that affected several people worldwide. Phyllanthus amarus (PA) has been documented to have neuroprotective potential. Aim To evaluate the potential of standardized extract of PA and its possible mechanism of action against the Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsion and kindling associated post-ictal depression in experimental mice. Materials and Methods Phyllathin was isolated from methanolic extract of PA and well-characterized using HPTLC, ESI-MS/MS, and LC/MS. Phyllathin containing a standardized extract of PA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was administered in convulsed and kindled mice, followed by an assessment of various parameters. Results The spectral analysis confirmed the molecular formula and weight of phyllanthin as C24H34O6 and 418.2342 Da. PA (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated PTZ-induced (p < 0.05) duration, onset of tonic-clonic convulsion, and mortality in mice. It also significantly attenuated (p < 0.05) PTZ-induced kindling in mice. Alteration in brain GABA, dopamine, and glutamate, Na+K+ATPase, Ca+2-ATPase activities, and oxido-nitrosative stress in kindled mice was significantly restored (p < 0.05) by PA treatment. It also significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulated brain mRNA expressions of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, and TLR-4. Histological aberrations induced by PTZ in the brain of a kindled rat was significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated by PA. Conclusion Phyllanthin containing a standardized extract of PA exerts its antiepileptic potential via balancing excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) brain monoamines, voltage-gated ion channels (Na+K+/Ca+2-ATPase) and inhibition of NF-κB/TLR-4 pathway to ameliorate neuroinflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2) in experimental mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hu Chun-Yan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Peng Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yang Bin-Bin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Tang Xiaoping
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Tang X, Huang G, Zhang T, Li S. Elucidation of colon-protective efficacy of diosgenin in experimental TNBS-induced colitis: inhibition of NF-κB/IkB-α and Bax/Caspase-1 signaling pathways. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1903-1912. [PMID: 32525764 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1776590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present investigation was to elucidate the unrevealed beneficial role of diosgenin against an experimental model of TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesufonic acid)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). Colitis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intrarectal administration of TNBS (in 50% ethanol). Then animals were treated with diosgenin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 14 days. Various biochemical, behavioral, molecular, and histological analysis was performed. Diosgenin significantly decreased (p < 0.05) TNBS-induced elevated colonic oxido-nitrosative damage, myeloperoxidase, hydroxyproline, mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ) and inflammatory markers (iNOs and COX-2) induced by TNBS. Western blot analysis relevated that TNBS-induced up-regulated protein expressions of NF-κB, IκBα, Bax, and Caspase-1 were markedly decreased (p < 0.05) by diosgenin treatment. It also markedly ameliorated the histological insults induced in the colon by TNBS. In conclusion, diosgenin exerts its colon-protective efficacy probably through the inhibition of NF-κB/IkB-α and Bax/Caspase-1 signaling pathways to experimental TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis. ABBREVIATIONS ANOVA: Analysis of variance; 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylic acid; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; DAI: Disease Activity Index; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GSH: Glutathione; HP: Hydroxyproline; IAEC: International Animal Ethics Committee; IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease; IBS: Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome; IL's: Interleukin's; IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma; IκBα: nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha; iNOs: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; LTB4: Leukotriene B4; MDA: Malondialdehyde; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; NO: Nitric Oxide; NF-κB: Nuclear Factor-κB; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; SOD: Superoxide Dismutase; TNBS: Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Tang
- Gastroenterology Department, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical , Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Gengzhen Huang
- Gastroenterology Department, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical , Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical , Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiqing Li
- Gastroenterology Department, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical , Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Shanmugam S, Thangaraj P, Dos Santos Lima B, Trindade GGG, Narain N, Mara de Oliveira E Silva A, Santin JR, Broering MF, Serafini MR, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Antunes de Souza Araújo A. Protective effects of flavonoid composition rich P. subpeltata Ortega. on indomethacin induced experimental ulcerative colitis in rat models of inflammatory bowel diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112350. [PMID: 31669103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polyphenolics (flavonoid and phenolic) rich plants are the effective source for the treatment of acute and chronic degenerative diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to examine the effects of polyphenolics rich leaf acetone extract of P. subpeltata against the indomethacin induced ulcerative colitis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two consecutive days administration of indomethacin produced chronic inflammation in GIT tissues of rats. Further, the plant extract 200 and 400 mg/kg treatment were continued until 11th day. Then hematological, enzymatic antioxidants, MPO and histological evaluations were analyzed. Moreover, the extracts were treated with RAW267.4 cells for the cytotoxicity, NO and TNF-α analysis. RESULTS The obtained results revealed, that higher dose of the plant extract dropped neutrophil infiltration followed by inhibiting the MPO enzyme levels and controls the enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, GSH and LPO. RAW cells study also proved that the plant extract effectively inhibits NO and TNF-α production. CONCLUSIONS Thus, these results suggest that P. subpeltata extract may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of IBD although further clinical research is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Bruno Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela G G Trindade
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Narendra Narain
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | | | - José Roberto Santin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigacões Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Milena Fronza Broering
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigacões Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Mairim Russo Serafini
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
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Osafo N, Essel L, Obiri D, Antwi A, Duduyemi M. Ulcerative colitis induced with acetic acid is ameliorated by Antrocaryon micraster through reduced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in sprague dawley rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_75_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Guo G, Shi F, Zhu J, Shao Y, Gong W, Zhou G, Wu H, She J, Shi W. Piperine, a functional food alkaloid, exhibits inhibitory potential against TNBS-induced colitis via the inhibition of IκB-α/NF-κB and induces tight junction protein (claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1) signaling pathway in experimental mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:477-491. [PMID: 31835924 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119892042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Piperine, an alkaloid, has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antiulcer potential. AIM To elucidate the plausible mechanisms of action of piperine on experimental trinitrobenzenesufonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis by assessing various biochemical, molecular, histological, and ultrastructural modifications. METHODS Colitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats via intrarectal instillation of TNBS. Then, the rats were treated with piperine (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days. RESULTS TNBS induced significant (p < 0.05) colonic damage, which was assessed by disease activity index, macroscopic score, and stool consistency. The administration of piperine (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) these damages. Treatments with piperine (20 and 40 mg/kg) notably inhibited (p < 0.05) the TNBS-induced elevation of oxido-nitrosative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide), 5-hydroxytryptamine, and hydroxyproline content in the colon. Furthermore, colonic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon-gamma, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions were upregulated after TNBS instillation and piperine (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly attenuated (p < 0.05) these elevated mRNA expressions. TNBS decreased the expressions of tight junction (TJ) protein (claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)) and increased the expressions of proapoptotic (caspase-1) protein. These expressions were markedly inhibited (p < 0.05) by piperine treatment. Histological and ultrastructural studies of transmission electron microscopy suggested that piperine significantly ameliorated (p < 0.05) TNBS-induced colonic aberrations. CONCLUSION Piperine ameliorated the progression of TNBS-induced colitis by modulating the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, thus inhibiting the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL's), COX-2, iNOs, oxido-nitrosative stress, and proapoptotic proteins (caspase-1) that may improve the expression of TJ protein (claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guo
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
| | - F Shi
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - W Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - G Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Wu
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
| | - J She
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
| | - W Shi
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Protective effect of methylene blue on TNBS-induced colitis in rats mediated through the modulation of inflammatory and apoptotic signalling pathways. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2927-2942. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Honmore VS, Kandhare AD, Kadam PP, Khedkar VM, Natu AD, Rojatkar SR, Bodhankar SL. Diarylheptanoid, a constituent isolated from methanol extract of Alpinia officinarum attenuates TNF-α level in Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:233-245. [PMID: 30336303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and destructive joint disease that affects the worldwide population. Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae), rhizomes are widely used ethnobotanically as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant agent in traditional medicine. AIM To investigate the efficacy and possible mechanism of isolated phytoconstituent from the methanol extract of A. officinarum (MEAO) rhizomes against Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis in rats. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to study the binding mode of this compound into the active site of TNF-α. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diarylheptanoid was isolated from MEAO, well characterized (HPTLC, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS) and evaluated for its antiarthritic activity in female Wistar rats (170-200 g). Diarylheptanoid (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered starting from day 12. Various behavioral, biochemical, molecular and histopathology parameters were evaluated. Molecular docking study was performed using Glide module integrated into Schrodinger molecular modeling software. RESULTS The structure and molecular weight of the isolated compound (diarylheptanoid) were confirmed by 1D and mass spectral data and characterized as 1-phenyl-5-hydroxy-7- (4''-hydroxy-3''-methoxyphenyl) heptane-3-one (i.e., 5-HPH) with molecular formula C20H24O4. Administration of 5-HPH (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) FCA induced increases in paw volume, joint diameter, thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia. It also significantly decreased oxido-inflammatory markers (SOD, GSH, MDA, and TNF-α). FCA induced a histological alteration in ankle joint also attenuated by 5-HPH. Its Glide docking score was found to be -9.702 with binding energy (Glide energy) of -37.033 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION 5-HPH may exhibit its anti-arthritic potential via inhibition of elevated oxido-inflammatory markers thus restoring the elevated hyperalgesia, allodynia and reducing destruction in synovial membrane and cartilage. Therefore, 5-HPH is a potential moiety bearing antioxidant and with anti-inflammatory properties to inhibit FCA-induced arthritis in rats. The results of the present investigation should enable the design of potent small-molecule inhibitors that inactivate TNF-α with high affinity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha S Honmore
- Post Graduate and Research Center, Department of Chemistry, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parag P Kadam
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Survey No. 499, Plot No, 03, Mumbai - Agra National Highway, Maharashtra 424001, India
| | - Arun D Natu
- Post Graduate and Research Center, Department of Chemistry, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supada R Rojatkar
- R&D Centre in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Applied Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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Wu W, Li Y, Jiao Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Qin R. Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin from Phyllanthus amarus ameliorates immune-inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced asthma: role of IgE, Nrf2, iNOs, TNF-α, and IL's. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 41:55-67. [PMID: 30541359 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1545788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Asthma is a chronic airway immunoinflammatory disorder characterized by airway remodeling. Phyllanthus amarus has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Aim: To evaluate the possible mechanism of action of isolated phytoconstituents from P. amarus (PA) against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced experimental airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Material and method: Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin were isolated and characterized (HPLC) from the methanolic extract of PA. AHR was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by OVA-challenged, and animals were treated with PA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 days. Results: The HPLC analysis showed the presence of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin in methanolic extract of PA at RT of 25.243 and 26.832 min, respectively. OVA-induced alterations in hemodynamic parameters, lung functions test, peripheral blood oxygen level, total, and differential cell count in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid was significantly attenuated (p < .05) by PA (100 and 200 mg/kg). It also significantly decreased (p < .05) the levels of total protein and albumin in serum, BALF, and lungs. OVA-induced increase in IgE (total and OVA-specific), and oxido-nitrosative stress (SOD, GSH, MDA, and NO) levels were significantly (p < .05) decreased by PA. RT-PCR analysis revealed that elevated oxido-nitrosative stress (Nrf2 and iNOs), immune-inflammatory makers (HO-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β1), Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-6) levels were significantly attenuated (p < .05) by PA. PA also attenuated histological and ultrastructural aberrations induced by OVA. Conclusion: Results of the present investigation demonstrated that the presence of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin in P. amarus alleviated Th2 response in OVA-induced AHR via modulation of endogenous markers in a murine model of asthma. Thus, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin may be a new therapeutic approach for the management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P.R. China.,b Department of Pediatrics , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Yinfang Li
- c Department of Pediatrics , Nanjing First Hospital Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Zelin Jiao
- b Department of Pediatrics , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- c Department of Pediatrics , Nanjing First Hospital Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- c Department of Pediatrics , Nanjing First Hospital Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P.R. China
| | - Rui Qin
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P.R. China
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Neuroprotective effect of naringin, a flavone glycoside in quinolinic acid-induced neurotoxicity: Possible role of PPAR-γ, Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:95-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Harikrishnan H, Jantan I, Haque MA, Kumolosasi E. Phyllanthin fromPhyllanthus amarusinhibits LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in U937 macrophages via downregulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2510-2519. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemavathy Harikrishnan
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- School of Pharmacy; Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus; Subang Jaya Malaysia
| | - Md. Areeful Haque
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Endang Kumolosasi
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Mukherjee AA, Kandhare AD, Bodhankar SL. Elucidation of protective efficacy of Pentahydroxy flavone isolated from Madhuca indica against arsenite-induced cardiomyopathy: Role of Nrf-2, PPAR-γ, c-fos and c-jun. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:172-185. [PMID: 28942082 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. (Sapotaceae) is widely used ethnobotanically as anti-diabetic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. It was shown to possess potent anti-apoptotic property. THE AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the possible mechanism of action of isolated phytoconstituent from Madhuca indica Leaves methanolic extract (MI-ALC) on arsenic-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentahydroxy flavone (QTN) was isolated and characterized by using HPTLC, 1H NMR, and LC-MS from MI-ALC. QTN (5, 10 and 20mg/kg, p.o.) was administered in arsenic intoxicated rats (5mL/kg, p.o.) for 28days and evaluated for various behavioral, biochemical, molecular and ultra-histological changes. RESULTS Treatment with QTN (10 and 20mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited (p<0.05) arsenic-induced electrocardiographic, hemodynamic and left ventricular function alterations. Elevated levels of cardiac markers (LDH, CK-MB, AST, ALT, and ALP), altered lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and VLDL) was significantly restored (p<0.05) by QTN. It also significantly inhibited (p<0.05) altered cardiac oxido-nitrosative stress, Na-K-ATPase level and mitochondrial enzymes (I-IV) activity after arsenite administration. QTN significantly increased (p<0.05) myocardial Nrf-2, PPAR-γ and significantly decreased (p<0.05) myocardial c-fos and c-jun mRNA expressions. Flow cytometric analysis showed that treatment with QTN (10 and 20mg/kg) significantly inhibited (p<0.05) arsenite-induce ROS and apoptosis. It also reduced ultra-histological aberrations induced by sodium arsenite. CONCLUSION Administration of 3,5,7,3',4'- Pentahydroxy flavone (i.e. Quercetin (QTN)) isolated from MI-ALC showed significant protection against arsenic-induced oxido-nitrosative stress and myocardial injury via modulation of Nrf2, PPAR-γ, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha A Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India.
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Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Guaianolide isolated from Cyathocline purpurea: Role of COX-2 inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:110-118. [PMID: 28888779 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation activated by oxidative stress can cause various diseases, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, diabetes, etc. Plant constituents with sesquiterpene lactones possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. AIM To determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of isolated phytoconstituent from Cyathocline purpurea Buch-Ham ex D (CP). Don in laboratory animals. Furthermore, to understand the interactions involved in the binding of this compound to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) via computational docking. METHODS Phytoconstituent was isolated, purified and well characterized (using IR, NMR, and MS) from ethyl acetate fraction of CP methanolic extract. It was then evaluated for its in-vitro antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl (OH) radical assays as well as in-vivo anti-inflammatory potential against carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. The molecular docking study was performed against the crystal structure of COX-2 to evaluate the binding potential of phytoconstituent towards this enzyme. RESULTS The isolated compound 6α-hydroxy-4 [14], 10 [15]-guainadien-8α, 12-olide (HGN) showed significant (p<0.001) antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 76μg/mL. Administration of HGN (10 and 20mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) reduced the increased paw volume after subplantar administration of carrageenan. It also exhibits good binding affinity towards with COX-2 with a docking score of -8.98 and Glide binding energy of -36.488kcal/mol shedding light on the potential mechanism of anti-inflammatory action. CONCLUSIONS The presence of hydroxyl group in HGN provides a credential to its in-vivo anti-inflammatory and in-vitro antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the good binding affinity of HGN for the active site of COX-2 may open novel vistas in therapeutic option with natural antioxidants like Cyathocline purpurea to treat various inflammatory disorders.
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Rhapontin ameliorates colonic epithelial dysfunction in experimental colitis through SIRT1 signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 42:185-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Devkar ST, Kandhare AD, Zanwar AA, Jagtap SD, Katyare SS, Bodhankar SL, Hegde MV. Hepatoprotective effect of withanolide-rich fraction in acetaminophen-intoxicated rat: decisive role of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-II and iNOS. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2394-2403. [PMID: 27043749 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1157193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is common in humans and is often associated with hepatic damage. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) shows multiple pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible mechanism of hepatoprotective activity of withanolide-rich fraction (WRF) isolated from a methanolic extract of Withania somnifera roots. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatotoxicity was induced by oral administration of APAP (750 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 d. The control group received the vehicle. APAP-treated animals were given either silymarin (25 mg/kg) or graded doses of WRF (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) 2 h prior to APAP administration. Animals were killed on 15th day and blood and liver tissue samples were collected for the further analysis. RESULTS In WRF-treated group, there was significant and dose-dependent (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) decrease in serum bilirubin, ALP, AST and ALT levels with significant and dose-dependent (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) increase in hepatic SOD, GSH and total antioxidant capacity. The level of MDA and NO decreased significantly (p < 0.01) by WRF treatment. Up-regulated mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-II and iNOS was significantly down-regulated (p < 0.001) by WRF. Histological alternations induced by APAP in liver were restored to near normality by WRF pretreatment. CONCLUSION WRF may exert its hepatoprotective action by alleviating inflammatory and oxido-nitrosative stress via inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-II and iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh T Devkar
- a Center for Innovation in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- b Department of Pharmacology , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Anand A Zanwar
- a Center for Innovation in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Suresh D Jagtap
- c Interactive Research School in Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Surendra S Katyare
- a Center for Innovation in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- b Department of Pharmacology , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Mahabaleshwar V Hegde
- a Center for Innovation in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
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Flax lignan concentrate attenuate hypertension and abnormal left ventricular contractility via modulation of endogenous biomarkers in two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Adil M, Kandhare AD, Dalvi G, Ghosh P, Venkata S, Raygude KS, Bodhankar SL. Ameliorative effect of berberine against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ren Fail 2016; 38:996-1006. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1165120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Adil M, Kandhare AD, Ghosh P, Venkata S, Raygude KS, Bodhankar SL. Ameliorative effect of naringin in acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in laboratory rats: role of FXR and KIM-1. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1007-20. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1163998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bodhankar SL, Kandhare AD, Patil MV. Ameliorative Effect of Alkaloidal Fraction of Leaves of Alstonia scholaris Against Acetic Acid Induced Colitis via Modulation of Oxido-nitrosative and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2016.170.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bodhankar SL, Kandhare AD, Patil A, Guru A, Mukhrjee A, Sarkar S, Sengupta A, Parmar HM, Muthal AP, Wangikar P. Ameliorative Effect of Ferulic Acid Against Acetic Acid Induced Ulcerative Colitis: Role of HO-1 and Nrf2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2016.114.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sawant SH, Bodhankar SL. Flax lignan concentrate reverses alterations in blood pressure, left ventricular functions, lipid profile and antioxidant status in DOCA-salt induced renal hypertension in rats. Ren Fail 2016; 38:411-23. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1136895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kandhare AD, Alam J, Patil MVK, Sinha A, Bodhankar SL. Wound healing potential of naringin ointment formulation via regulating the expression of inflammatory, apoptotic and growth mediators in experimental rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:419-32. [PMID: 25894211 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1038755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Wound healing is a consequence of a complex process involving inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Naringin, a flavanone glycoside, is associated with modulation of various oxido-inflammatory and growth factors. AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the wound-healing activity of naringin ointment formulation (NOF) on experimental wound models. MATERIALS AND METHODS A soft paraffin-based cream containing 1, 2, and 4% (w/w) naringin was formulated and evaluated for physicochemical characters. Excision wounds and incisions wounds were used to study the topical effect of NOF for 20 d (once a day) on various biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters. RESULTS NOF (2 and 4%, w/w) treatment showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in wound area and epithelization period whereas the rate of wound contraction increased significantly (p < 0.05). The altered levels of oxido-nitrosative stress (SOD, GSH, MDA, MPO, and NO) were significantly (p < 0.05) restored by NOF. Treatment produced a significant increase (p < 0.05) in tensile strength, hydroxyproline content, and protein content. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, NF-κB, smad-7, and Bax mRNA expression were significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05) by NOF, whereas polymerase gamma (pol-γ), smad-3, VEGF and TGF-β, and collagen-1 mRNA expressions were significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) by NOF. Histological alterations in wound skin were also restored by NOF. CONCLUSION NOF exerts wound healing potential via down-regulated expression of inflammatory (NF-κB, TNF-α, and ILs), apoptotic (pol-γ and Bax), and up-regulated growth factor (VEGF and TGF-β) expression, thus modulating collagen-1 expression to induce angiogenesis leading to wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit D Kandhare
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Javed Alam
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Mithun V K Patil
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Akanksha Sinha
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
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Protective action of the phyllanthin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in Cyprinus carpio. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Adil M, Kandhare AD, Visnagri A, Bodhankar SL. Naringin ameliorates sodium arsenite-induced renal and hepatic toxicity in rats: decisive role of KIM-1, Caspase-3, TGF-β, and TNF-α. Ren Fail 2015; 37:1396-407. [PMID: 26337322 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1074462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of a naturally occurring metal arsenic leads to renal and hepatic diseases. Naringin, a flavanone glycoside, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the protective effect of naringin against arsenic-induced renal and hepatic toxicity in rats. Renal and hepatic toxicity was induced in rats by sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg, p.o.). Rats were treated orally with either vehicle or naringin (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) or Coenzyme Q10 (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Various biochemical, histological, and molecular biomarkers were assessed in kidney and liver. Treatment with naringin (40 and 80 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently restored (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) altered levels of kidney (serum creatinine, urine creatinine, BUN, uric acid, and creatinine clearance) and liver function test (AST and ALT) induced by sodium arsenite. Elevated levels of oxido-nitrosative stress in renal and hepatic tissue was significantly and dose-dependently decreased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) by naringin (40 and 80 mg/kg) treatment. It significantly and dose-dependently down-regulated (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) renal KIM-1, Caspase-3, TGF-β, and TNF-α mRNA expression. Histopathological alteration induced in kidney and liver by sodium arsenite was reduced by naringin (40 and 80 mg/kg) treatment. In conclusion, naringin treatment ameliorates arsenic-induced renal and hepatic damage in rats due its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties via down-regulation of elevated oxido-nitrosative stress, KIM-1, Caspase-3, TGF-β, and TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Adil
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Asjad Visnagri
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
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Omega-3-fatty acid adds to the protective effect of flax lignan concentrate in pressure overload-induced myocardial hypertrophy in rats via modulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:751-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bodhankar SL, Muthal AP, Rojatkar SR. In-vitro Free Radicals Scavenging and Antioxidant Activity of Rice Bran Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2015.377.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bodhankar SL, Sarkar S, Sengupta A, Mukhrjee A, Guru A, Patil A, Kandhare AD. Antiulcer Potential of Morin in Acetic acid-Induced Gastric Ulcer via Modulation of Endogenous Biomarkers in Laboratory Animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2015.273.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chopade AR, Sayyad FJ. Pain Modulation by Lignans (Phyllanthin and Hypophyllanthin) and Tannin (Corilagin) Rich Extracts ofPhyllanthus amarusin Carrageenan-induced Thermal and Mechanical Chronic Muscle Hyperalgesia. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1202-10. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul R. Chopade
- Department of Pharmacology; Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy; Kasegaon 415404 Maharashtra India
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology; Government College of Pharmacy; Karad 41512 Maharashtra India
| | - F. J. Sayyad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology; Government College of Pharmacy; Karad 41512 Maharashtra India
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Honmore V, Kandhare A, Zanwar AA, Rojatkar S, Bodhankar S, Natu A. Artemisia pallens alleviates acetaminophen induced toxicity via modulation of endogenous biomarkers. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:571-581. [PMID: 25339313 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.934382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acetaminophen (APAP) leads to severe hepatic and renal necrosis and thus causes significant clinical problems. Artemisia pallens Walls ex D.C. (Asteraceae) possesses various pharmacological properties such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the protective effects of Artemisia pallens methanol extract (APME) in APAP-induced hepatic and nephro-toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanolic extract of aerial parts of Artemisia pallens (APME) was prepared. Toxicity was induced in male Wistar rats (180-220 g) by administration of APAP (700 mg/kg, p.o., 14 d). APME (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to rats 2 h before APAP oral administration. Various biochemical and molecular parameters along with histopathological aberration were studied in the kidney and liver of rats. RESULTS Pretreatment with APME (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) decreased aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine as compared with APAP-treated rat. Decreased level of serum albumin, serum uric acid, and HDL were significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) restored by APME (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) pre-treatment. Administration of APME (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) reduced the elevated level of cholesterol, LDL, LDH, triglyceride, and VLDL. It also significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) restored the altered level of hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH)). The increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in hepatic as well as renal tissue was significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) decreased by APME (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) administration. Histological alternation induced by APAP in liver and kidney was also reduced by the APME (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) pre-treatment. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the methanol extract of Artemisia pallens alleviates APAP induced in rats toxicity through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Honmore
- Department of Chemistry, Post Graduate Research Centre, MES, Abasaheb Garware College , Pune, Maharashtra , India
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Kandhare AD, Patil MVK, Bodhankar SL. l-Arginine attenuates the ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in ininephrectomized hypertensive rats: role of KIM-1, NGAL, and NOs. Ren Fail 2015; 37:709-21. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1011967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Visnagri A, Kandhare AD, Bodhankar SL. Renoprotective effect of berberine via intonation on apoptosis and mitochondrial-dependent pathway in renal ischemia reperfusion-induced mutilation. Ren Fail 2015; 37:482-93. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.996843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Pradit W, Chomdej S, Nganvongpanit K, Ongchai S. Chondroprotective potential of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. in experimentally induced cartilage degradation in the explants culture model. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 51:336-44. [PMID: 25515248 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. (P. amarus) has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammation and antiarthritis properties leading to our interest to examine its beneficial effect in osteoarthritis. Thus, this study aimed to explore the chondroprotective potential of P. amarus extract (PAE) and its major compounds, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, in a cartilage explant model. Various concentrations of P. amarus extract, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, were treated on porcine articular cartilage explants induced with 25 ng/ml of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). After 4 days of incubation, the culture medium was measured for the release of sulfate glycosaminoglycans (s-GAGs) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity by DMMB binding assay and zymography, respectively. The explant tissues were analyzed for the remaining of uronic acid content by colorimetric assay and stained with safranin-O for investigation of proteoglycan content. Cell viability of this model was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Chondroprotective potential of PAE and the major components against IL-1β-induced cartilage explant degradation were revealed by the decreased s-GAGs level and MMP-2 activity in culture medium consistent with an increase in uronic acid and proteoglycan contents in the explants when compared to the IL-1β treatment. These results agreed with those of diacerein and sesamin which used as positive controls. In addition, better chondroprotective activities of P. amarus crude extracts than those of the purified components were disclosed in this study. Hence, this is a pioneering study presenting the chondroprotective potential of PAE which may augment its application for therapeutic use as an antiarthritic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waranee Pradit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Kandhare AD, Ghosh P, Bodhankar SL. Naringin, a flavanone glycoside, promotes angiogenesis and inhibits endothelial apoptosis through modulation of inflammatory and growth factor expression in diabetic foot ulcer in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 219:101-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Visnagri A, Kandhare AD, Chakravarty S, Ghosh P, Bodhankar SL. Hesperidin, a flavanoglycone attenuates experimental diabetic neuropathy via modulation of cellular and biochemical marker to improve nerve functions. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:814-828. [PMID: 24559476 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.870584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most common long-term complications of diabetes mellitus and clinically can be characterized by an elevated nociceptive response with electrophysiological conduction abnormalities. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of hesperidin against STZ induced diabetic neuropathic pain in laboratory rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS DN was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g) by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg, p.o.). Rats were divided into various groups, namely, STZ control (vehicle), hesperidin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.), insulin (10 IU/kg, s.c.), and combination of hesperidin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) with insulin (10 IU/kg, s.c.) for 4 weeks. Various behavioral (allodynia and hyperalgesia), biochemical parameters [oxido-nitosative stress, Na-K-ATPase, aldose reductase (AR)], and molecular changes (TNF-α and IL-1β) along with hemodynamic changes were determined. RESULTS Rats treated with hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o., 4 weeks) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) hyperglycemia and its metabolic abnormalities induced by intraperitoneal administration of STZ. The decreased nociceptive threshold, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), serum insulin as well as Na-K-ATPase activity were significantly increase (p < 0.05) by hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment. It significantly attenuated (p < 0.05) elevated glycated hemoglobin, AR activity, oxido-nitrosative stress, neural calcium, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) levels. Histological aberration induced after STZ administration was restored by administration of hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) CONCLUSION In combination with insulin, hesperidin not only attenuated the diabetic condition but also reversed neuropathic pain via control over hyperglycemia as well as hyperlipidemia to down-regulate generation of free radical, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as elevation in membrane bound enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asjad Visnagri
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune, Maharashtra , India
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L. Bodhank S, Adil M, Visnagri A, Shiva Kuma V, D. Kandhar A, Ghosh P. Protective Effect of Naringin on Sodium Arsenite Induced Testicular Toxicity via Modulation of Biochemical Perturbations in Experimental Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2014.222.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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An overview of important ethnomedicinal herbs of Phyllanthus species: present status and future prospects. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:839172. [PMID: 24672382 PMCID: PMC3932249 DOI: 10.1155/2014/839172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Phyllanthus consists of more than 1000 species, of which many are used as traditional medicines. The plant extracts have been used since ancient times, for treating hypertension, diabetes, hepatic, urinary, and sexual disorders, and other common ailments. Modern day scientific investigations have now confirmed pharmacognostic properties of Phyllanthus herbs. The phytochemicals attributing these medicinal properties have been identified in many of the Phyllanthus herbs. The morphologically similar herbs of Phyllanthus grow together and admixture of species during collection for manufacture of herbal medicines is quite common. Hence, along with pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies, appropriate protocols for correct identification of species are also important. As the use of these herbs as green medicines is becoming more popular, it is imperative to assess its genetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness for future conservation strategies. This review is an attempt to present an overview of the existing studies on pharmacognostics, phytochemistry, species identification, and genetic diversity of Phyllanthus herbs and consequently (i) highlight areas where further research is needed and (ii) draw attention towards extending similar studies in underutilized but potentially important herbs such as P. maderaspatensis, P. kozhikodianus, P. rheedii, P. scabrifolius, and P. rotundifolius.
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Endothelin receptor blocker bosentan inhibits hypertensive cardiac fibrosis in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Mohod SM, Bodhankar SL. Antiulcer activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel against naproxen induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(13)60112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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