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Chen Y, Pang E, Peng R, Tang Y, Tan Q, Lan M, Bai D. Cationic Polythiophene as Gene Carrier and Sonosensitizer for Sonodynamic Synergic Gene Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4601-4611. [PMID: 38847181 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal and highly malignant tumors. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new cancer treatment method. One of its unique advantages lies in the treatment of deep tumors due to its excellent tissue penetration ability caused by ultrasound (US). However, most sonosensitizers suffer from weak sonodynamic activity and poor tumor-targeting ability. In addition, small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising anticancer drug, and the efficacy of siRNA-based gene therapy largely depends on the cell impermeability of the gene carrier. Here, we designed and synthesized a cationic polythiophene derivative (PT2) that can be used as a siRNA carrier for gene therapy. Moreover, PT2 could generate singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals (O2•-) under US irradiation, which suggests that PT2 could be used for SDT. Our study discovered that NUDT1 promoted HCC proliferation and inhibited intracellular ROS production. Therefore, si-NUDT1 was designed and synthesized. NUDT1 silencing can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and increase the production of intracellular ROS to further improve the efficacy of SDT. Then, si-NUDT1 assembled with PT2 and DSPE-PEG-FA to prepare a novel tumor-targeting nanodrug (PT2-siRNA@PEG-FA) for synergic SDT and gene therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P. R. China
| | - E Pang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyu Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Minhuan Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Dousheng Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P. R. China
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Musa S, Amara N, Selawi A, Wang J, Marchini C, Agbarya A, Mahajna J. Overcoming Chemoresistance in Cancer: The Promise of Crizotinib. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2479. [PMID: 39001541 PMCID: PMC11240740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major obstacle in cancer treatment, often leading to disease progression and poor outcomes. It arises through various mechanisms such as genetic mutations, drug efflux pumps, enhanced DNA repair, and changes in the tumor microenvironment. These processes allow cancer cells to survive despite chemotherapy, underscoring the need for new strategies to overcome resistance and improve treatment efficacy. Crizotinib, a first-generation multi-target kinase inhibitor, is approved by the FDA for the treatment of ALK-positive or ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), refractory inflammatory (ALK)-positive myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) and relapsed/refractory ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Crizotinib exists in two enantiomeric forms: (R)-crizotinib and its mirror image, (S)-crizotinib. It is assumed that the R-isomer is responsible for the carrying out various processes reviewed here The S-isomer, on the other hand, shows a strong inhibition of MTH1, an enzyme important for DNA repair mechanisms. Studies have shown that crizotinib is an effective multi-kinase inhibitor targeting various kinases such as c-Met, native/T315I Bcr/Abl, and JAK2. Its mechanism of action involves the competitive inhibition of ATP binding and allosteric inhibition, particularly at Bcr/Abl. Crizotinib showed synergistic effects when combined with the poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARP), especially in ovarian cancer harboring BRCA gene mutations. In addition, crizotinib targets a critical vulnerability in many p53-mutated cancers. Unlike its wild-type counterpart, the p53 mutant promotes cancer cell survival. Crizotinib can cause the degradation of the p53 mutant, sensitizing these cancer cells to DNA-damaging substances and triggering apoptosis. Interestingly, other reports demonstrated that crizotinib exhibits anti-bacterial activity, targeting Gram-positive bacteria. Also, it is active against drug-resistant strains. In summary, crizotinib exerts anti-tumor effects through several mechanisms, including the inhibition of kinases and the restoration of drug sensitivity. The potential of crizotinib in combination therapies is emphasized, particularly in cancers with a high prevalence of the p53 mutant, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Musa
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Noor Amara
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Adan Selawi
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Junbiao Wang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Abed Agbarya
- Oncology Department, Bnai Zion MC, Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
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Zhu H, Cui M, Tang Q, Zhao H, Zhang P, Zeng S, Li W, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Chen Y. Photoactivated full-API nanodrug (FAND): harnessing transition metal complexes and MTH1 inhibitor for enhanced DNA damage in cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3154-3162. [PMID: 38687170 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been greatly restricted by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and the susceptible resistance of monotherapy. Although nanodrugs based on transition metal complexes capable of integrating PDT with photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) have garnered tremendous attention as promising candidates for overcoming the above limitations, the therapeutic efficacy of these nanodrugs is still hampered by inadequate loading of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and the inherent ability of cancer cells to repair damaged DNA. Herein, we developed a photoactivated full-API nanodrug, Ru-T FAND, by one-step self-assembly of RuDPB and TH287. By virtue of its 100 wt% API content and favorable stability in water, the Ru-T FAND exhibited improved cellular uptake behavior and intracellular 1O2 generation. Attractively, the Ru-T FAND with triple anti-cancer modalities can photogenerate 1O2, photo-release DPB ligand and inhibit the repair of DNA damage, ultimately enhancing its phototherapeutic effect on cancer cells. Importantly, the uncaged DPB ligand from RuDPB emits red fluorescence, enabling real-time monitoring of the drug's absorption, distribution and efficacy. Collectively, the presented photoactivated Ru-T FANDs with multiple anti-cancer mechanisms will expand new horizons for the development of safe, efficient and synergistic tumor phototherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Zhu
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Maozhi Cui
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qiang Tang
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Hua Zhao
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Pu Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Shengmei Zeng
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Weiyu Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Taiyab A, Choudhury A, Haidar S, Yousuf M, Rathi A, Koul P, Chakrabarty A, Islam A, Shamsi A, Hassan MI. Exploring MTH1 inhibitory potential of Thymoquinone and Baicalin for therapeutic targeting of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116332. [PMID: 38430630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers frequently have increased ROS levels due to disrupted redox balance, leading to oxidative DNA and protein damage, mutations, and apoptosis. The MTH1 protein plays a crucial role by sanitizing the oxidized dNTP pools. Hence, cancer cells rely on MTH1 to prevent the integration of oxidized dNTPs into DNA, preventing DNA damage and allowing cancer cell proliferation. We have discovered Thymoquinone (TQ) and Baicalin (BC) as inhibitors of MTH1 using combined docking and MD simulation approaches complemented by experimental validations via assessing binding affinity and enzyme inhibition. Docking and MD simulations studies revealed an efficient binding of TQ and BC to the active site pocket of the MTH1, and the resultant complexes are appreciably stable. Fluorescence measurements estimated a strong binding affinity of TQ and BC with Ka 3.4 ×106 and 1.0 ×105, respectively. Treating breast cancer cells with TQ and BC significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation (IC50 values 28.3 µM and 34.8 µM) and induced apoptosis. TQ and BC increased the ROS production in MCF7 cells, imposing substantial oxidative stress on cancer cells and leading to cell death. Finally, TQ and BC are proven strong MTH1 inhibitors, offering promising prospects for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaliya Taiyab
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Arunabh Choudhury
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shaista Haidar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Mohd Yousuf
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Aanchal Rathi
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Priyanka Koul
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anindita Chakrabarty
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 364, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Imtiyaz K, Husain Rahmani A, Alsahli MA, Almatroodi SA, Rizvi MMA. Fisetin induces apoptosis in human skin cancer cells through downregulating MTH1. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7339-7353. [PMID: 36129011 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2121323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Fisetin, a natural flavonoid molecule, has been shown to have anticancer properties against various malignancies. In this investigation, we discovered that Fisetin decreased cell viability of both the treated skin cancer cell lines A375 and A431 in a dose and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values ranging from 57.60 µM ± 6.59 to 41.70 µM ± 1.25 in A375 and 48.70 µM ± 5.49 to 33.67 µM ± 1.03 for A431 at the observed time ranging between 24 h to 72 h of treatment remained quite enthusiastic when compared with the normal HEK 293 cells. Fisetin significantly decreased colony formation and migratory ability of the cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Fisetin significantly restricted the progression of skin cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and induced cells to undergo apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevating the count of early and late apoptotic cells. Our in silico studies of molecular docking followed by molecular dynamics simulation found that the interactions and stability of MTH1 protein with Fisetin further showed a considerable binding affinity for MTH1 (-11.4 kcal/mol) and developed stable complexes maintained throughout 100 ns trajectories. Our western blot analysis endorsed this. We found that Fisetin downregulated the expression levels of MTH1 also in addition, it played a crucial role in regulation of apoptotic events in cancer cells. We therefore, conclude that Fisetin anticancer properties against skin cancer cells are mediated through MTH1 inhibition followed by ATM and P53 upregulation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Imtiyaz
- Department of Bioscience, Genome Biology Lab, New Delhi, India
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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miR-4478 Accelerates Nucleus Pulposus Cells Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress by Targeting MTH1. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023; 48:E54-E69. [PMID: 36130054 PMCID: PMC9897280 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low back pain is the leading cause of disability in the elderly population and is strongly associated with intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD). However, the precise molecular mechanisms regulating IVDD remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role of differentially expressed miRNAs in the pathogenesis of IVDD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed miRNA microarray datasets to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in IVDD progression and conducted quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis to further confirm the differential expression of miR-4478 in nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues of patients diagnosed with IVDD. Using public databases of miRNA-mRNA interactions, we predicted the target genes of miR-4478, and subsequent flow cytometry and western blot analyses demonstrated the effect of MTH1 in H 2 O 2 -induced nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) apoptosis. Finally, miR-4478 inhibitor was injected into NP tissues of the IVDD mouse model to explore the effect of miR-4478 in vivo. RESULTS miR-4478 was upregulated in NP tissues from IVDD patients. Silencing of miR-4478 inhibits H 2 O 2 -induced NPCs apoptosis. MTH1 was identified as a target gene for miR-4478, and miR-4478 regulates H 2 O 2 -induced NPCs apoptosis by modulating MTH1. In addition, downregulation of miR-4478 alleviated IVDD in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study provides evidence that miR-4478 may aggravate IVDD through its target gene MTH1 by accelerating oxidative stress in NPCs and demonstrates that miR-4478 has therapeutic potential in IVDD treatment.
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Li J, Zhang H, Wang ZH, Li YX, Zhang LQ, Cui J, Li DN, Wang ZH, Liu Q, Liu Z, Iwakuma T, Cai JP. 8-oxo-dGTP curbs tumor development via S phase arrest and AIF-mediated apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 196:53-64. [PMID: 36640852 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can attack precursor nucleotides, resulting in nucleic acid damage in cells. It remains unclear how 8-oxo-dGTP and 8-oxoGTP, oxidized forms of dGTP and GTP, respectively, could affect DNA or RNA oxidation levels and tumor development. To address this, we intravenously administered 8-oxo-dGTP and 8-oxoGTP to wild-type and MTH1-knockout mice. 8-oxoGTP administration increased frequency of tumor incidence, which is more prominent in MTH1-knockout mice. However, 8-oxo-dGTP treatment rather reduced tumor development regardless of the mouse genotype. The tumor suppressive effects of 8-oxo-dGTP were further confirmed using xenograft and C57/6J-ApcMin/Nju mouse models. Mechanistically, 8-oxo-dGTP increased the 8-oxo-dG contents in DNA and DNA strand breakage, induced cell cycle arrest in S phase and apoptosis mediated by AIF, eventually leading to reduced tumor incidence. These results suggest distinct roles of 8-oxo-dGTP and 8-oxoGTP in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Zhen-He Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Yun-Xuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Dan-Ni Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zi-Hui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
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Abstract
DNA repair enzymes continuously provide surveillance throughout our cells, protecting the enclosed DNA from the damage that is constantly arising from oxidation, alkylating species, and radiation. Members of this enzyme class are intimately linked to pathways controlling cancer and inflammation and are promising targets for diagnostics and future therapies. Their study is benefiting widely from the development of new tools and methods aimed at measuring their activities. Here, we provide an Account of our laboratory's work on developing chemical tools to study DNA repair processes in vitro, as well as in cells and tissues, and what we have learned by applying them.We first outline early work probing how DNA repair enzymes recognize specific forms of damage by use of chemical analogs of the damage with altered shapes and H-bonding abilities. One outcome of this was the development of an unnatural DNA base that is incorporated selectively by polymerase enzymes opposite sites of missing bases (abasic sites) in DNA, a very common form of damage.We then describe strategies for design of fluorescent probes targeted to base excision repair (BER) enzymes; these were built from small synthetic DNAs incorporating fluorescent moieties to engender light-up signals as the enzymatic reaction proceeds. Examples of targets for these DNA probes include UDG, SMUG1, Fpg, OGG1, MutYH, ALKBH2, ALKBH3, MTH1, and NTH1. Several such strategies were successful and were applied both in vitro and in cellular settings; moreover, some were used to discover small-molecule modulators of specific repair enzymes. One of these is the compound SU0268, a potent OGG1 inhibitor that is under investigation in animal models for inhibiting hyperinflammatory responses.To investigate cellular nucleotide sanitation pathways, we designed a series of "two-headed" nucleotides containing a damaged DNA nucleotide at one end and ATP at the other; these were applied to studying the three human sanitation enzymes MTH1, dUTPase, and dITPase, some of which are therapeutic targets. The MTH1 probe (ARGO) was used in collaboration with oncologists to measure the enzyme in tumors as a disease marker and also to develop the first small-molecule activators of the enzyme.We proceed to discuss the development of a "universal" probe of base excision repair processes (UBER), which reacts covalently with abasic site intermediates of base excision repair. UBER probes light up in real time as the reaction occurs, enabling the observation of base excision repair as it occurs in live cells and tissues. UBER probes can also be used in efficient and simple methods for fluorescent labeling of DNA. Finally, we suggest interesting directions for the future of this field in biomedicine and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 369 North-South Axis, Stauffer I, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 369 North-South Axis, Stauffer I, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Franck C, Stéphane G, Julien C, Virginie G, Martine G, Norbert G, Fabrice C, Didier F, Josef SM, Bertrand C. Structural and functional determinants of the archaeal 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase AGOG for DNA damage recognition and processing. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11072-11092. [PMID: 36300625 PMCID: PMC9638937 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Oxoguanine (GO) is a major purine oxidation product in DNA. Because of its highly mutagenic properties, GO absolutely must be eliminated from DNA. To do this, aerobic and anaerobic organisms from the three kingdoms of life have evolved repair mechanisms to prevent its deleterious effect on genetic integrity. The major way to remove GO is the base excision repair pathway, usually initiated by a GO-DNA glycosylase. First identified in bacteria (Fpg) and eukaryotes (OGG1), GO-DNA glycosylases were more recently identified in archaea (OGG2 and AGOG). AGOG is the less documented enzyme and its mode of damage recognition and removing remains to be clarified at the molecular and atomic levels. This study presents a complete structural characterisation of apo AGOGs from Pyrococcus abyssi (Pab) and Thermococcus gammatolerans (Tga) and the first structure of Pab-AGOG bound to lesion-containing single- or double-stranded DNA. By combining X-ray structure analysis, site directed mutagenesis and biochemistry experiments, we identified key amino acid residues of AGOGs responsible for the specific recognition of the lesion and the base opposite the lesion and for catalysis. Moreover, a unique binding mode of GO, involving double base flipping, never observed for any other DNA glycosylases, is revealed. In addition to unravelling the properties of AGOGs, our study, through comparative biochemical and structural analysis, offers new insights into the evolutionary plasticity of DNA glycosylases across all three kingdoms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coste Franck
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), UPR4301 CNRS, Université d’Orléans , CS 80054, rue Charles Sadron , F-45071 Orléans cedex 02 , France
| | - Goffinont Stéphane
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), UPR4301 CNRS, Université d’Orléans , CS 80054, rue Charles Sadron , F-45071 Orléans cedex 02 , France
| | - Cros Julien
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), UPR4301 CNRS, Université d’Orléans , CS 80054, rue Charles Sadron , F-45071 Orléans cedex 02 , France
| | - Gaudon Virginie
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), UPR4301 CNRS, Université d’Orléans , CS 80054, rue Charles Sadron , F-45071 Orléans cedex 02 , France
| | - Guérin Martine
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), UPR4301 CNRS, Université d’Orléans , CS 80054, rue Charles Sadron , F-45071 Orléans cedex 02 , France
| | - Garnier Norbert
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), UPR4301 CNRS, Université d’Orléans , CS 80054, rue Charles Sadron , F-45071 Orléans cedex 02 , France
| | - Confalonieri Fabrice
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la cellule (I2BC), UMR 9198 Université Paris-Saclay-CNRS-CEA , Bâtiment 21, Avenue de la Terrasse , F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Flament Didier
- Université de Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Unité Biologie et Ecologie des Ecosystèmes marins Profonds (BEEP) , F-29280 Plouzané , France
| | - Suskiewicz Marcin Josef
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), UPR4301 CNRS, Université d’Orléans , CS 80054, rue Charles Sadron , F-45071 Orléans cedex 02 , France
| | - Castaing Bertrand
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), UPR4301 CNRS, Université d’Orléans , CS 80054, rue Charles Sadron , F-45071 Orléans cedex 02 , France
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10
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Wang Y, Tang Y, Zhao XM, Huang G, Gong JH, Yang SD, Li H, Wan WJ, Jia CH, Chen G, Zhang XN. A Multifunctional Non-viral Vector for the Delivery of MTH1-targeted CRISPR/Cas9 System for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:481-493. [PMID: 36162766 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system adapted from bacteria is a programmable nuclease-based genome editing tool. The long-lasting effect of gene silencing or correction is beneficial in cancer treatment. Considering the need to broaden the practical application of this technology, highly efficient non-viral vectors are urgently required. We prepared a multifunctional non-viral vector that could actively target tumor cells and deliver CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids into nuclei of cancer cells. Protamine sulfate (PS) which contains nuclear localization sequence was utilized to condense plasmid DNA and facilitate nuclei-targeted delivery. Liposome-coated protein/DNA complex avoided the degradation of nuclease in blood circulation. The obtained PS@Lip/pCas9 was further modified with distearoyl phosphoethanolamine-polyethylene glycol-hyaluronic acid (HA) to endow the vector ability to actively target tumor cell. Results suggested that PS@HA-Lip could deliver CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids into nuclei of tumor cells and induce genome editing effect. With the disruption of MTH1 (mutT homolog1) gene, the growth of non-small cell lung cancer was inhibited. Moreover, cell apoptosis in tumor tissue was promoted, and liver metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was reduced. Our study has provided a therapeutic strategy targeting MTH1 gene for NSCLC therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: CRISPR/Cas9 as a powerful tool for genome editing has drawn much attention. The long-lasting effect possesses unique advantage in cancer treatment. Non-viral vectors have high loading capacity, high safety and low immunogenicity, playing an important role in CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. In our study, a multifunctional non-viral vector for the efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid was constructed. With the active targeting ligand and nuclei-targeting component, the cargo was efficiently delivered into cell nuclei and exerted genome editing effect. By using this vector, we successfully inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer by disrupting MTH1 expression with good safety. Our work provided an efficient non-vial vector for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery and explored the possibility for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gui Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jin-Hong Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou the Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Shu-di Yang
- Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Jiangsu Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chang-Hao Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xue-Nong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215123, China.
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11
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Li J, Wang ZH, Dang YM, Li DN, Liu Z, Dai DP, Cai JP. MTH1 suppression enhances the stemness of MCF7 through upregulation of STAT3. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:447-458. [PMID: 35809767 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MTH1 protein can sanitize the damaged (d)NTP pool and MTH1 inhibitors have been developed to impede the growth of rapidly proliferating tumor cells; however, the effect of MTH1 inhibition on breast cancer stemness has not been reported yet. Here, we constructed breast cancer cell lines with the stable depletion of MTH1. MTH1 suppression clearly increased the ratio of CD44+CD24-/low subpopulations and promoted the formation of tumorspheres in MCF7 and T47D cells. RNA expression profiling, RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed the upregulation of master stem cell transcription factors Sox2, Oct4 and Nanog in MTH1 knockdown cells. GSEA suggested and Western blotting verified that MTH1 knockdown increased the expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (Tyr705). Furthermore, we indirectly demonstrated that the increased concentration of 8-oxo-dGTP and 8-oxo-GTP in MTH1-knockdown cells and exogenous 8-oxoGTP, rather than 8-oxo-dGTP, could significantly increase the phosphorylation of STAT3. In conclusion, this work indicates that MTH1 inhibition increased the proportion of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and promoted stemness properties in MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Zi-Hui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ya-Min Dang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dan-Ni Li
- The Clinical Laboratory of Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
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12
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Karsten S. Targeting the DNA repair enzymes MTH1 and OGG1 as a novel approach to treat inflammatory diseases. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:95-103. [PMID: 35708697 PMCID: PMC9545756 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases and acute inflammation like sepsis cause significant morbidity and disability globally, and new targeted therapies are urgently needed. DNA repair and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways have long been investigated as targets for cancer treatment, but their role in immunological research has been limited. In this MiniReview, we discuss the DNA repair enzymes MTH1 and OGG1 as targets to treat both T cell‐driven diseases and acute inflammation. The MiniReview is based on a PhD thesis where both enzymes were investigated with cell and animal models. For MTH1, we found that its inhibition selectively kills activated T cells without being toxic to resting cells or other tissues. MTH1 inhibition also had an alleviating role in disease models of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. We further identified a novel MTH1lowROSlow phenotype among activated T cells. Regarding OGG1, we demonstrated a mechanism of action of the OGG1 inhibitor TH5487, which prevents the assembly of pro‐inflammatory transcription factors and mitigates acute airway infection in mouse models of pneumonia. Hence, we propose both enzymes to be promising novel targets to treat inflammation and suggest that redox and DNA repair pathways could be useful targets for future immunomodulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Karsten
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology Pathology, SciLifeLab, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Centio A, Estruch M, Reckzeh K, Sanjiv K, Vittori C, Engelhard S, Warpman Berglund U, Helleday T, Theilgaard-Mönch K. Inhibition of Oxidized Nucleotide Sanitation By TH1579 and Conventional Chemotherapy Cooperatively Enhance Oxidative DNA Damage and Survival in AML. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:703-714. [PMID: 35247918 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still die of their disease due to primary resistance or relapse toward conventional reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and DNA damage-inducing chemotherapy regimens. Herein, we explored the therapeutic potential to enhance chemotherapy response in AML, by targeting the ROS scavenger enzyme MutT homolog 1 (MTH1, NUDT1), which protects cellular integrity through prevention of fatal chemotherapy-induced oxidative DNA damage. We demonstrate that MTH1 is a potential druggable target expressed by the majority of patients with AML and the inv(16)/KITD816Y AML mouse model mimicking the genetics of patients with AML exhibiting poor response to standard chemotherapy (i.e., anthracycline & cytarabine). Strikingly, combinatorial treatment of inv(16)/KITD816Y AML cells with the MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 and ROS- and DNA damage-inducing standard chemotherapy induced growth arrest and incorporated oxidized nucleotides into DNA leading to significantly increased DNA damage. Consistently, TH1579 and chemotherapy synergistically inhibited growth of clonogenic inv(16)/KITD816Y AML cells without substantially inhibiting normal clonogenic bone marrow cells. In addition, combinatorial treatment of inv(16)/KITD816Y AML mice with TH1579 and chemotherapy significantly reduced AML burden and prolonged survival compared with untreated or single treated mice. In conclusion, our study provides a rationale for future clinical studies combining standard AML chemotherapy with TH1579 to boost standard chemotherapy response in patients with AML. Moreover, other cancer entities treated with ROS- and DNA damage-inducing chemo- or radiotherapies might benefit therapeutically from complementary treatment with TH1579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Centio
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Montserrat Estruch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Reckzeh
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Stem Cell Research and Developmental Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Vittori
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Engelhard
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Stem Cell Research and Developmental Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Zhong L, Yi Y, Liu Q, Peng Y. Human MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1) Inhibitor Reduces the Biological Activity of Ovarian Carcinoma Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study intends to discuss the mechanism of MTH1 inhibitor (TH588) in the biological activity of ovarian carcinoma cells. A2780 and SKOV-3 cells were treated with different concentrations of TH588 and assigned into AT group (control), BT group (8 μmol/L TH588), CT group
(16 μmol/L), DT group (32 μmol/L), ET group (64 μmol/L) and FT group (128 μmol/L) followed by measuring level of Bcl-2 and Bax by Western blot and PCR, and cell biological activities by MTT, FCM and Transwell chamber assay. The cell proliferative rate
was not affected in AT group, but was lower in other groups in a reverse dose-dependent manner. There was significant difference on apoptotic rate and cell invasion among groups with increased apoptosis and reduce invasion after TH588 treatment. FT group showed lowest expression of Bcl-2 and
Bax compared to other groups. In conclusion, the biological activity of A2780/SKOV3 cells could be reduced by MTH1 inhibitor which was probably through regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhong
- Department of Gynecology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Wujin Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213017, China
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Oncology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Wujin Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213017, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Wujin Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213017, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Gynecology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Wujin Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213017, China
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15
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Jun YW, Albarran E, Wilson DL, Ding J, Kool ET. Fluorescence Imaging of Mitochondrial DNA Base Excision Repair Reveals Dynamics of Oxidative Stress Responses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202111829. [PMID: 34851014 PMCID: PMC8792287 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function in cells declines with aging and with neurodegeneration, due in large part to accumulated mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that arise from deficient DNA repair. However, measuring this repair activity is challenging. We employ a molecular approach for visualizing mitochondrial base excision repair (BER) activity in situ by use of a fluorescent probe (UBER) that reacts rapidly with AP sites resulting from BER activity. Administering the probe to cultured cells revealed signals that were localized to mitochondria, enabling selective observation of mtDNA BER intermediates. The probe showed elevated DNA repair activity under oxidative stress, and responded to suppression of glycosylase activity. Furthermore, the probe illuminated the time lag between the initiation of oxidative stress and the initial step of BER. Absence of MTH1 in cells resulted in elevated demand for BER activity upon extended oxidative stress, while the absence of OGG1 activity limited glycosylation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Eddy Albarran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Wu Tsai Neuroscience institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - David L. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Wu Tsai Neuroscience institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
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16
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Jun YW, Albarran E, Wilson DL, Ding J, Kool ET. Fluorescence Imaging of Mitochondrial DNA Base Excision Repair Reveals Dynamics of Oxidative Stress Responses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute, and Stanford Cancer Institute Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Eddy Albarran
- Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Wu Tsai Neuroscience institute Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - David L. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute, and Stanford Cancer Institute Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Wu Tsai Neuroscience institute Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute, and Stanford Cancer Institute Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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17
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De Rosa M, Johnson SA, Opresko PL. Roles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758402. [PMID: 34869348 PMCID: PMC8640134 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are protective nucleoprotein structures that cap linear chromosome ends and safeguard genome stability. Progressive telomere shortening at each somatic cell division eventually leads to critically short and dysfunctional telomeres, which can contribute to either cellular senescence and aging, or tumorigenesis. Human reproductive cells, some stem cells, and most cancer cells, express the enzyme telomerase to restore telomeric DNA. Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress caused by excess reactive oxygen species is associated with accelerated telomere shortening and dysfunction. Telomeric repeat sequences are remarkably susceptible to oxidative damage and are preferred sites for the production of the mutagenic base lesion 8-oxoguanine, which can alter telomere length homeostasis and integrity. Therefore, knowledge of the repair pathways involved in the processing of 8-oxoguanine at telomeres is important for advancing understanding of the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and cancer associated with telomere instability. The highly conserved guanine oxidation (GO) system involves three specialized enzymes that initiate distinct pathways to specifically mitigate the adverse effects of 8-oxoguanine. Here we introduce the GO system and review the studies focused on investigating how telomeric 8-oxoguanine processing affects telomere integrity and overall genome stability. We also discuss newly developed technologies that target oxidative damage selectively to telomeres to investigate roles for the GO system in telomere stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria De Rosa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samuel A Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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18
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Li K, Zhang Y, Hussain A, Weng Y, Huang Y. Progress of Photodynamic and RNAi Combination Therapy in Cancer Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4420-4429. [PMID: 34427082 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive and effective local treatment for cancers that produces selective damage to target tissues and cells. However, PDT alone is unlikely to completely inhibit tumor metastasis and/or local tumor recurrence. RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon of gene silencing mediated by exogenous or endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNAi has entered a golden period of development, with the approval of four treatments employing RNAi. PDT in combination with RNAi therapy to inhibit related targets has been a research hotspot, with better clinical outcomes than monotherapy. In this review, the progress of PDT and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting different genes is discussed, while the achievements of the combined immunotherapy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- School of Life Science; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; Institute of Engineering Medicine; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuquan Zhang
- School of Life Science; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; Institute of Engineering Medicine; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Life Science; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; Institute of Engineering Medicine; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuhua Weng
- School of Life Science; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; Institute of Engineering Medicine; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; Institute of Engineering Medicine; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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19
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Molinaro C, Martoriati A, Cailliau K. Proteins from the DNA Damage Response: Regulation, Dysfunction, and Anticancer Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3819. [PMID: 34359720 PMCID: PMC8345162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to genotoxic stress through a series of complex protein pathways called DNA damage response (DDR). These monitoring mechanisms ensure the maintenance and the transfer of a correct genome to daughter cells through a selection of DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and programmed cell death processes. Canonical or non-canonical DDRs are highly organized and controlled to play crucial roles in genome stability and diversity. When altered or mutated, the proteins in these complex networks lead to many diseases that share common features, and to tumor formation. In recent years, technological advances have made it possible to benefit from the principles and mechanisms of DDR to target and eliminate cancer cells. These new types of treatments are adapted to the different types of tumor sensitivity and could benefit from a combination of therapies to ensure maximal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katia Cailliau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.M.); (A.M.)
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20
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Filho EV, Pinheiro EM, Pinheiro S, Greco SJ. Aminopyrimidines: Recent synthetic procedures and anticancer activities. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Use of cucurbitacins for lung cancer research and therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:1-14. [PMID: 33825035 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As the main substance in some traditional Chinese medicines, cucurbitacins have been used to treat hepatitis for decades in China. Currently, the use of cucurbitacins against cancer and other diseases has achieved towering popularity among researchers worldwide, as detailed in this review with summarized tables. Numerous studies have reported the potential tumor-killing activities of cucurbitacins in multiple aspects of human malignancies. Continuous research on its anticancer activity mechanisms also brings a glimmer of light to the treatment of patients with lung cancer. In line with the promising roles of cucurbitacins against cancer, through various molecular signaling pathways, it is justifiable to propose the use of cucurbitacins as a potential mainline chemotherapy before the onset and after the diagnosis of lung cancers. Here, this article mainly summarized the findings about the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of cucurbitacins on lung cancer pathogenesis and treatment. In addition, we also discussed the safety and efficacy of their application for further research and even clinical practice.
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22
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Shi H, Ishikawa R, Heh CH, Sasaki S, Taniguchi Y. Development of MTH1-Binding Nucleotide Analogs Based on 7,8-Dihalogenated 7-Deaza-dG Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031274. [PMID: 33525366 PMCID: PMC7866122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MTH1 is an enzyme that hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP, which is an oxidatively damaged nucleobase, into 8-oxo-dGMP in nucleotide pools to prevent its mis-incorporation into genomic DNA. Selective and potent MTH1-binding molecules have potential as biological tools and drug candidates. We recently developed 8-halogenated 7-deaza-dGTP as an 8-oxo-dGTP mimic and found that it was not hydrolyzed, but inhibited enzyme activity. To further increase MTH1 binding, we herein designed and synthesized 7,8-dihalogenated 7-deaza-dG derivatives. We successfully synthesized multiple derivatives, including substituted nucleosides and nucleotides, using 7-deaza-dG as a starting material. Evaluations of the inhibition of MTH1 activity revealed the strong inhibitory effects on enzyme activity of the 7,8-dihalogenated 7-deaza-dG derivatives, particularly 7,8-dibromo 7-daza-dGTP. Based on the results obtained on kinetic parameters and from computational docking simulating studies, these nucleotide analogs interacted with the active site of MTH1 and competitively inhibited the substrate 8-oxodGTP. Therefore, novel properties of repair enzymes in cells may be elucidated using new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Ren Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Choon Han Heh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Shigeki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch Machi, Sasebo City, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Yosuke Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-6569
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