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Moraes JS, Ballesteros ML, Hued AC, Bonifacio AF, Azambuja TG, Vaz BDS, Martins CDMG. Glyphosate and its formulated product Roundup Transorb R® affect locomotor activity and reproductive and developmental parameters in Jenynsia lineata fish: An intergenerational study. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142541. [PMID: 38851497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely utilized herbicide worldwide due to its effectiveness in controlling agricultural weeds. However, its persistence in aquatic ecosystems has raised concerns about the well-being of non-target organisms such as fish. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure (21 days) to glyphosate or its formulated product Roundup Transorb R®, at an environmentally relevant concentration permitted by regulations in certain countries (65 μg/L of glyphosate), on the locomotor activity and reproductive success of the fish Jenynsia lineata, as well as on the morphology/development and locomotor activity of its offspring, as intergenerational effects. Neither the pure nor formulated herbicide altered the distance traveled and velocity of adult fish exposed to the herbicide (F0), but they negatively affected reproductive success, decreasing the percentage of positive response to the presence of the female, reducing the number of gravid females, causing abortions, and lowering offspring survival (F1). In the F1 generation, a decrease in weight and length was noted along with developmental abnormalities in both treatment groups (pure or formulated glyphosate), with the formulation causing more harm. Observed developmental abnormalities included muscle atrophy, ascites, pigmentary disorders, vertebral agenesis, spinal deviation, and exophthalmia. Furthermore, parental exposure to pure glyphosate led to an increase in the distance traveled and velocity of F1 (hyperlocomotion), whereas exposure to the formulated product resulted in a decrease in these behaviors (hypolocomotion) of F1. These findings highlight the toxic effects of glyphosate at very low concentrations, although varying between pure and formulated, and demonstrate the intergenerational consequences of herbicide exposure, underscoring the risk to the survival of fish offspring in glyphosate-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Silveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - María Laura Ballesteros
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas), Córdoba, 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Diversidad Biológica IV, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Cecilia Hued
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas), Córdoba, 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Diversidad Biológica IV, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.
| | - Alejo Fabian Bonifacio
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas), Córdoba, 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Diversidad Biológica IV, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.
| | - Thaíz Gonçalves Azambuja
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense, Campus Pelotas. Praça 20 de Setembro, 455, 96015360, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Dos Santos Vaz
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense, Campus Pelotas. Praça 20 de Setembro, 455, 96015360, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Camila de Martinez Gaspar Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Moraes JS, da Costa Silva DG, Dos Santos Vaz B, Mizuschima CW, de Martinez Gaspar Martins C. Glyphosate is Harmful to Early Life Stages of the Viviparous Fish Jenynsia Multidentata: Biochemical and Locomotor Effects. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 85:417-428. [PMID: 37603055 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide due to its efficacy in weed control in agriculture. This herbicide has been consistently detected in the aquatic environment, causing harmful consequences to nontarget organisms residing in agricultural regions. In this study, we assessed the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate (30-100 µg/L) on the early life stages of the viviparous fish Jenynsia multidentata through biochemical and locomotor endpoints. At 96 h of exposure, 30 and 65 µg/L glyphosate caused an increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and 65 µg/L glyphosate also augmented the levels of lipid peroxidation. Glyphosate at 100 µg/L did not alter the activity of acetylcholinesterase or the levels of lipid peroxidation, but it stimulated the activity of the cellular detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase. In addition, all concentrations affected the swimming of the fish. Under light conditions, glyphosate caused hypolocomotion at all concentrations tested, whereas under dark conditions, this was observed at 30 and 100 µg/L. Hyperlocomotion was observed at 65 µg/L glyphosate. These findings are alarming for the health of fish, such as J. multidentata that inhabit streams that pass through agricultural areas, especially for the early life stages of these fish. Research studying the effects of pollutants on native species is relevant to improve regulation that protects aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Silveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Dennis Guilherme da Costa Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Dos Santos Vaz
- Instituto Federal Sul-Rio-Grandense, Campus Pelotas. Praça Vinte de Setembro, Centro Pelotas, RS, 96015360, Brazil
| | - Catiúscia Weinert Mizuschima
- Instituto Federal Sul-Rio-Grandense, Campus Pelotas. Praça Vinte de Setembro, Centro Pelotas, RS, 96015360, Brazil
| | - Camila de Martinez Gaspar Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
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Rivero-Wendt CLG, Fernandes LG, Dos Santos AN, Brito IL, Dos Santos Jaques JA, Dos Santos Dos Anjos E, Fernandes CE. Effects of Chloramine T on zebrafish embryos malformations associated with cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37185102 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2205271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chloramine T, a sodium p-toluene sulfonchloramide, is known to possess a wide spectrum of biocidal activity and is employed as a disinfectant in fish farms to treat bacterial infections. Although Chloramine T may effectively combat pathogens, the sublethal and lethal effects and changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity remain poorly elucidated using Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos. Zebrafish is considered a model organism for toxicant screening research and exhibits mammalian-like physiological responses when exposed to environmental pollutants. The aim of this study was to (1) determine LC50 of Chloramine T after 96 hr exposure, (2) verify disinfectant effects on developmental morphology, and (3) evaluate the disinfectant effects on AChE activity in zebrafish embryos. Chloramine T exposure was performed using 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256 mg/L concentrations. The mortality LC50 values were 143.05 ± 3.11 and 130.97 ± 7.4 mg/L at 24 and 96 hr, respectively. Data demonstrated delayed hatching, reduced heartbeats, cardiac edema, and equilibrium disruption of hatched larvae throughout embryonic development. In addition, Chloramine T inhibited AChE activity at 64 or 128 mg/L after 96 hr treatment, corroborating the sub-lethality results observed in zebrafish embryo development and demonstrating an equilibrium disruption in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Letícia Gediel Rivero-Wendt
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPEx), Instituto de Biociências Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Luana Garcia Fernandes
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPEx), Instituto de Biociências Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Andreza Negreli Dos Santos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular (PBBqBM), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Igor Leal Brito
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular (PBBqBM), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGFARM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jeandre Augusto Dos Santos Jaques
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular (PBBqBM), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGFARM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Edson Dos Santos Dos Anjos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química (INQUI), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eurico Fernandes
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPEx), Instituto de Biociências Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Cao X, Rao C, Cui H, Sun D, Li L, Guo S, Zhou J, Yuan R, Yang S, Chen J. Toxic effects of glyphosate on the intestine, liver, brain of carp and on epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cells: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro research. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134691. [PMID: 35489457 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the most widely used organophosphorus herbicide in agriculture. The present study aimed to analyze the comprehensive toxicological effects of GLY on juvenile common carp and an epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cell line. In the in vivo experiments, exposure to GLY (5 and 15 mg/L) for 30 days induced liver inflammation and oxidative damage in common carp and changed the physical barrier of the intestine. Histopathological analysis of the intestine, liver, brain, and changes in oxidative stress biomarkers provided evidence of damage and immune system responses to GLY. Moreover, an inhibitory effect of 15 mg/L GLY on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was found in the brain, which may be an important reason for the significant decrease in both swimming distance and average acceleration of common carp. Cell experiments showed that 0.65 and 3.25 mg/L GLY inhibited the viability of EPCs. Furthermore, oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were observed in EPC cells following GLY exposure. Taken together, this study not only highlights the negative effects of GLY on common carp but also enriches the knowledge of the cytotoxicity mechanism to further clarify the comprehensive toxicity of GLY in common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Chenyang Rao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Han Cui
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Dandan Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Suqi Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Jiameng Zhou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Rongjie Yuan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Shuai Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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Chen J, Rao C, Yuan R, Sun D, Guo S, Li L, Yang S, Qian D, Lu R, Cao X. Long-term exposure to polyethylene microplastics and glyphosate interferes with the behavior, intestinal microbial homeostasis, and metabolites of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152681. [PMID: 34973326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) and glyphosate (GLY) occur widely and have toxic characteristics, resulting in increased research interest. In this study, common carp were used to assess the individual and combined toxicity of PE-MPs (0, 1.5, or 4.5 mg/L) and GLY (0, 5, or 15 mg/L) on the brain-gut axis. After 60 days of exposure, the developmental toxicity, blood-brain barrier (BBB), locomotor behavior, intestinal barrier (physical barrier, chemical barrier, microbial barrier), and intestinal content metabolism of common carp were evaluated. Results showed that 15 mg/L of GLY exposure significantly reduced the mRNA expression of tight-junction genes (occludin, claudin-2, and ZO-1) in the brain, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was clearly inhibited by high concentrations of GLY. However, different concentrations of PE-MPs had no significant effect on the activity of AChE. Furthermore, the free-swimming behavior of common carp was distinctly inhibited by treatment with a combination of 15 mg/L GLY and 4.5 mg/L PE-MPs. Histological studies indicated that PE-MPs alone and in combination with GLY could disrupt the physical and chemical intestinal barriers of common carp. Additionally, the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in common carp were significantly changed when exposed to a combination of PE-MPs and GLY. Metabolomics further revealed that PE-MPs combined with GLY triggered metabolic changes and that differential metabolites were related to amino acid and lipid metabolism. These findings illustrate that exposure to PE-MPs or GLY alone is toxic to fish and results in physiological changes to the brain-gut axis. This work offers a robust analysis to understand the mechanisms underlying GLY and MP-induced aquatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Chenyang Rao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Rongjie Yuan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Dandan Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Suqi Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Shuai Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Dongdong Qian
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Ronghua Lu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
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Giommi C, Ladisa C, Carnevali O, Maradonna F, Habibi HR. Metabolomic and Transcript Analysis Revealed a Sex-Specific Effect of Glyphosate in Zebrafish Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2724. [PMID: 35269866 PMCID: PMC8911326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a component of commonly used herbicides for controlling weeds in crops, gardens and municipal parks. There is increasing awareness that glyphosate-based herbicides, in addition to acting on plants, may also exert toxicity in wildlife and humans. In this study, male and female adult zebrafish were exposed to 700 µg/L of glyphosate (GLY), for 28 days. We used the metabolomic approach and UHPLC-ESI-MS to analyze liver samples to investigate the adverse effects of glyphosate on hepatic metabolism. The impact of GLY was found to be sex-specific. In female, GLY exposure affected purine metabolism by decreasing the levels of AMP, GMP and inosinic acid, consequently increasing uric acid levels with respect to the control (CTRL). Exposure to GLY also caused a decrease of UMP levels in the pyrimidine metabolism pathway. In male, GLY exposure decreased the aminoadipic acid within the lysine degradation pathway. Transcript analysis of genes involved in stress response, oxidative stress and the immune system were also performed. Results demonstrated an increased stress response in both sexes, as suggested by higher nr3c1 expression. However, the hsp70.2 transcript level was increased in female but decreased in male. The results demonstrated reduced sod1, sod2, and gpx1a in male following exposure to GLY, indicating an impaired oxidative stress response. At the same time, an increase in the cat transcript level in female was observed. mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukins litaf and cxcl8b.1 were increased in female. Taken together, the results provide evidence of disrupted nucleotide hepatic metabolism, increased stress inflammatory response in female and disruption of oxidative stress response in male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Giommi
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (C.G.); (O.C.)
| | - Claudia Ladisa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (C.L.); (H.R.H.)
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (C.G.); (O.C.)
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (C.G.); (O.C.)
- INBB—Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Hamid R. Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (C.L.); (H.R.H.)
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Cheron M, Costantini D, Angelier F, Ribout C, Brischoux F. Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) alters oxidative status during embryonic development in an amphibian species. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131882. [PMID: 34509012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate's primary metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA) is known to alter embryonic development at environmentally relevant concentrations in amphibians. However, we have limited understanding of the physiological mechanisms through which AMPA affects organisms. In this study, we tested whether alteration of the oxidative status is one mechanism through which AMPA affects organism performance. To this end, we analysed several oxidative status markers in hatchling tadpoles that were exposed to sublethal concentrations of AMPA during embryonic development (~16 days). We compared the influence of environmentally relevant concentrations of AMPA (from 0.07 to 3.57 μg l-1) on the relation between developmental traits (i.e, embryonic development duration, embryonic mortality and hatchling size) and oxidative status markers known to alter homeostasis when unbalanced (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), thiols and ratios thereof). We included measures of telomere length as an indicator of physiological state. We found that AMPA concentrations induce non-monotonic effects on some oxidative status markers with hatchlings displaying elevated antioxidant responses (elevated thiols and unbalanced SOD/(GPx + CAT) ratio). The lack of effect of AMPA on the relation between developmental traits, oxidative status and telomere length suggests that selective mortality of embryos susceptible to oxidative stress may have occurred prior to hatching in individuals less resistant to AMPA which display lower hatching success. Future studies are required to disentangle whether oxidative unbalance is a cause or a consequence of AMPA exposition. This study highlights the need to investigate effects of the metabolites of contaminants at environmental concentrations to comprehensively assess impacts of anthropogenic contamination on wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
| | - David Costantini
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation (PhyMA), UMR 7221 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP32, 7 Rue Cuvier, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Cécile Ribout
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
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Le Du-Carrée J, Boukhari R, Cachot J, Cabon J, Louboutin L, Morin T, Danion M. Generational effects of a chronic exposure to a low environmentally relevant concentration of glyphosate on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149462. [PMID: 34411792 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, glyphosate became the most used herbicide substance worldwide. As a result, the substance is ubiquitous in surface waters. Concerns have been raised about its ecotoxicological impact, but little is known about its generational toxicity. In this study, we investigate the impact of an environmentally relevant concentration of glyphosate and its co-formulants on an F2 generation issued from exposed generations F0 and F1. Trans, inter and multigenerational toxicity of 1 μgL-1 of the active substance was evaluated on early stages of development and juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using different molecular, biochemical, immuno-hematologic, and biometric parameters, behavior analysis, and a viral challenge. Reproductive parameters of generation F1 were not affected. However, developmental toxicity in generation F2 due to glyphosate alone or co-formulated was observed with head size changes (e.g. head surface up to +10%), and metabolic disruptions (e.g. 35% reduction in cytochrome-c-oxidase). Moreover, larvae exposed transgenerationally to Viaglif and intergenerationally to glyphosate and Roundup presented a reduced response to light, potentially indicating altered escape behavior. Overall methylation was, however, not altered and further experiments using gene-specific DNA metylation analyses are required. After several months, biochemical parameters measured in juvenile fish were no longer impacted, only intergenerational exposure to glyphosate drastically increased the susceptibility of rainbow trout to hematopoietic necrosis virus. This result might be due to a lower antibody response in exposed fish. In conclusion, our results show that generational exposure to glyphosate induces developmental toxicity and increases viral susceptibility. Co-formulants present in glyphosate-based herbicides can modulate the toxicity of the active substance. Further investigations are required to study the specific mechanisms of transmission but our results suggest that both non-genetic mechanisms and exposure during germinal stage could be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Le Du-Carrée
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France; UBO University of Western Brittany, Brest, France.
| | - Rania Boukhari
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33 600 Pessac, France
| | - Joëlle Cabon
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Lénaïg Louboutin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Thierry Morin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Morgane Danion
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
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