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Husain Khan A, Abdul Aziz H, Palaniandy P, Naushad M, Cevik E, Zahmatkesh S. Pharmaceutical residues in the ecosystem: Antibiotic resistance, health impacts, and removal techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139647. [PMID: 37516325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater has emerged as a major category of environmental pollutants over the past two decades, but its prevalence in freshwater is less well documented than other types of contaminants. Due to compound complexity and improper operations, conventional treatment is unable to remove pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater. Advanced treatment technologies may eliminate pharmaceuticals, but there are still concerns about cost and energy use. There should be a legal and regulatory framework in place to control the flow of hospital wastewater. Here, we review the latest scientific knowledge regarding effective pharmaceutical cleanup strategies and treatment procedures to achieve that goal. Successful treatment techniques are also highlighted, such as pre-treatment or on-site facilities that control hospital wastewater where it is used in hospitals. Due to the prioritization, the regulatory agencies will be able to assess and monitor the concentration of pharmaceutical residues in groundwater, surface water, and drinking water. Based on the data obtained, the conventional WWTPs remove 10-60% of pharmaceutical residues. However, most PhACs are eliminated during the secondary or advanced therapy stages, and an overall elimination rate higher than 90% can be achieved. This review also highlights and compares the suitability of currently used treatment technologies and identifies the merits and demerits of each technology to upgrade the system to tackle future challenges. For this reason, pharmaceutical compound rankings in regulatory agencies should be the subject of prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Husain Khan
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Hamidi Abdul Aziz
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Solid Waste Management Cluster, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Puganeshwary Palaniandy
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Cevik
- Bioenergy Research Unit, Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 1982, PO Box:1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sasan Zahmatkesh
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieríay Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico.
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Yadav S, Shah A, Malhotra P. Orange peel-derived Cu 2O/RGO nanocomposite: Mesoporous binary system for degradation of doxycycline in water. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 26:1-28. [PMID: 36714212 PMCID: PMC9873220 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, there is a mammoth challenge for the world and mankind to deal with the frequent use and misuse of antibiotics and its casual discard to the water bodies. The scavenging degradation of antibiotics which are no longer in use from the environment is a growing concern and compulsively needs to be addressed. Herein, we have devised a novel and green protocol for the synthesis of Cu2O decorated on reduced graphene oxide (Cu2O/RGO) nanocomposite (NCs) using agro-waste, i.e., orange pomace extract (OPE) as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the degradation of antibiotic. The biogenically synthesized Cu2O/RGO NCs proved to emerge as an excellent degradation catalyst exhibiting efficiency of 98.68% within 15 min and 86.38% within 30 min for 10 mg/L DC concentration assisted by ultrasound waves and solar light respectively in separate reactions. The complete degradation process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.29 min- 1 and 0.0542 min- 1 for sonocatalytic and photocatalytic degradation process, respectively. Surface area analysis showed that with the increase in the GO amount, the doxycycline degradation increases. An in-depth mechanistic account of sonocatalytic and photocatalytic process has been discussed followed by a radical scavenging test which validated the major role of the synthesized NCs in the degradation of DC. The extraordinary catalytic indulgence of biogenically synthesized graphene-based nanocatalyst opens newer avenues for future research in green chemistry and catalytic field. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-022-02895-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Anjali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Priti Malhotra
- Department of Chemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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Othmani A, Kadier A, Singh R, Igwegbe CA, Bouzid M, Aquatar MO, Khanday WA, Bote ME, Damiri F, Gökkuş Ö, Sher F. A comprehensive review on green perspectives of electrocoagulation integrated with advanced processes for effective pollutants removal from water environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114294. [PMID: 36113573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly expanding global energy demand is forcing a release of regulated pollutants into water that is threatening human health. Among various wastewater remediating processes, electrocoagulation (EC) has scored a monumental success over conventional processes because it combines coagulation, sedimentation, floatation and electrochemical oxidation processes that can effectively decimate numerous stubborn pollutants. The EC processes have gained some attention through various academic and industrial publications, however critical evaluation of EC processes, choices of EC processes for various pollutants, process parameters, mechanisms, commercial EC technologies and performance enhancement via other degradation processes (DPs) integration have not been comprehensively covered to date. Therefore, the major objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of 20 years of literature covering EC fundamentals, key process factors for a reactor design, process implementation, current challenges and performance enhancement by coupling EC with pivotal pollutant DPs including, electro/photo-Fenton (E/P-F), photocatalysis, sono-chemical treatment, ozonation, indirect electrochemical/advanced oxidation (AO), and biosorption that have substantially reduced metals, pathogens, toxic compound BOD, COD, colors in wastewater. The results suggest that the optimum treatment time, current density, pulse frequency, shaking speed and spaced electrode improve the pollutants removal efficiency. An elegant process design can prevent electrode passivation which is a critical limitation of EC technology. EC coupling (up or downstream) with other DPs has resulted in the removal of organic pollutants and heavy metals with a 20% improved efficiency by EC-EF, removal of 85.5% suspended solid, 76.2% turbidity, 88.9% BOD, 79.7% COD and 93% color by EC-electroflotation, 100% decolorization by EC-electrochemical-AO, reduction of 78% COD, 81% BOD, 97% color by EC-ozonation and removal of 94% ammonia, 94% BOD, 95% turbidity, >98% phosphorus by aerated EC and peroxicoagulation. The major wastewater purification achievements, future potential and challenges are described to model the future EC integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Othmani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Raghuveer Singh
- Research Division, James R. Randall Research Center, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Company, Decatur, IL, 62521, USA
| | | | - Mohamed Bouzid
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Md Osim Aquatar
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Waheed Ahmad Khanday
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir, 192101, India
| | - Million Ebba Bote
- Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, PoBox - 378, Ethiopia
| | - Fouad Damiri
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, 20000, Morocco
| | - Ömür Gökkuş
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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Electrochemical degradation of doxycycline in a three-dimensional vermiculite/peroxymonosulfate electrode system: Mechanism, kinetics, and degradation pathway. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ghanim AN, Al-Saadi FA. A hybrid system for lead removal of simulated battery industry Wastewater using electrocoagulation/electroflotation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2055576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa N. Ghanim
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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Cárdenas Sierra RS, Zúñiga-Benítez H, Peñuela GA. Photo-assisted removal of doxycycline using H2O2 and simulated sunlight: Operational parameters optimization and ecotoxicity assessment. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Al-Raad AA, Hanafiah MM. Removal of inorganic pollutants using electrocoagulation technology: A review of emerging applications and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113696. [PMID: 34509809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (ECoag) technique has shown considerable potential as an effective method in separating different types of pollutants (including inorganic pollutants) from various sources of water at a lower cost, and that is environmentally friendly. The EC method's performance depends on several significant parameters, including current density, reactor geometry, pH, operation time, the gap between electrodes, and agitation speed. There are some challenges related to the ECoag technique, for example, energy consumption, and electrode passivation as well as its implementation at a larger scale. This review highlights the recent studies published about ECoag capacity to remove inorganic pollutants (including salts), the emerging reactors, and the effect of reactor geometry designs. In addition, this paper highlights the integration of the ECoag technique with other advanced technologies such as microwave and ultrasonic to achieve higher removal efficiencies. This paper also presents a critical discussion of the major and minor reactions of the electrocoagulation technique with several significant operational parameters, emerging designs of the ECoag cell, operating conditions, and techno-economic analysis. Our review concluded that optimizing the operating parameters significantly enhanced the efficiency of the ECoag technique and reduced overall operating costs. Electrodes geometry has been recommended to minimize the passivation phenomenon, promote the conductivity of the cell, and reduce energy consumption. In this review, several challenges and gaps were identified, and insights for future development were discussed. We recommend that future studies investigate the effect of other emerging parameters like perforated and ball electrodes on the ECoag technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas A Al-Raad
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Ababil School, Al-Muthanna Education Directorate, Samawa, 66001, Iraq
| | - Marlia M Hanafiah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia.
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Cárdenas Sierra RS, Zúñiga-Benítez H, Peñuela GA. Elimination of cephalexin and doxycycline under low frequency ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 79:105777. [PMID: 34649167 PMCID: PMC8517921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cephalexin (CPX) and doxycycline (DOX) are two of the most used antibiotics to treat bacterial infections in human medicine, veterinary practices, animal husbandry, agriculture, aquaculture, among others. Nevertheless, due to their excessive consumption and incomplete absorption during their metabolization, they have been detected in different environmental matrices and the effluents of wastewater treatment plants, which reflects that conventional water treatment methods are not enough to eliminate this type of compounds. This paper presents the main results about the removal of the antibiotics CPX and DOX under low frequency (40 kHz) ultrasonic radiation (US). The effects of operational parameters such as the solution initial pH and the applied US power were assessed considering the response surface methodology and a face centered, central composite experimental design. The results indicated that evaluated operational factors significantly affect the pollutants elimination and that US technology is able to remove them completely. In addition, in terms of mineralization, experimental results showed a reduction of the organic carbon present in the solutions and a significant increase of ions (nitrates and sulfates) concentration, suggesting that part of the organic matter was transformed into CO2, H2O and inorganic species. Finally, results regarding the samples toxicity indicated that ultrasonic treatment could promote a significant reduction in this parameter, and the potential negative effect associated to CPX and DOX presence in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Santiago Cárdenas Sierra
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Henry Zúñiga-Benítez
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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9
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Malakootian M, Aghasi M, Fatehizadeh A, Ahmadian M. Synergetic metronidazole removal from aqueous solutions using combination of electro-persulfate process with magnetic Fe 3O 4@AC nanocomposites: nonlinear fitting of isotherms and kinetic models. Z PHYS CHEM 2021; 235:1297-1321. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2020-1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The removal of metronidazole (MNZ) from aqueous solutions by the electro-persulfate (EC–PS) process was performed in combination with magnetic Fe3O4@activated carbon (AC) nanocomposite. In the first step, the Fe3O4@AC nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), mapping, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The effect of Fe3O4@AC, PS and EC processes were studied separately and in combination and finally, the appropriate process for MNZ removal was selected. The effect of key parameters on the EC–Fe3O4@AC–PS process including pH, Fe3O4@AC dosage, initial MNZ concentration, and PS concentration were investigated. Based on the results obtained, the Fe3O4@AC had a good structure. The MNZ removal in EC, PS, Fe3O4@AC, EC–Fe3O4@AC, EC–PS, EC–Fe3O4@AC–NaCl, EC–Fe3O4@AC–PS, and EC–Fe3O4@AC–PS–NaCl processes were 0, 0, 59.68, 62, 68.94, 67.71, 87.23 and 88%, respectively. Due to the low effect of NaCl insertion on the EC–Fe3O4@AC–PS process, it was not added into the reactor and optimum conditions for the EC–Fe3O4@AC–PS process were determined. Under ideal conditions, including MNZ = 40 mg/L, Fe3O4@AC dose = 1 g/L, pH = 3, PS concentration = 1.68 mM, current density (CD) = 0.6 mA/cm2 and time = 80 min, the MNZ removal was 92%. Kinetic study showed that the pseudo-second-order model was compatible with the obtained results. In the isotherm studies, the Langmuir model was the most consistent for the data of the present study, and the Q
max for Fe3O4@AC dose from 0.25 to 1 g/L was 332 to 125 mg/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Malakootian
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
- Department of Environmental Health , School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Majid Aghasi
- Department of Environmental Health , School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Ali Fatehizadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadian
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
- Department of Environmental Health , School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
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Ahmad A, Priyadarshini M, Das S, Ghangrekar MM. Electrocoagulation as an efficacious technology for the treatment of wastewater containing active pharmaceutical compounds: a review. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1972011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azhan Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sovik Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Rahman N, Varshney P. Effective removal of doxycycline from aqueous solution using CuO nanoparticles decorated poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)/chitosan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43599-43617. [PMID: 33837937 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The primary focus of the present study was to synthesize CuO nanoparticles decorated poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)/chitosan to explore its potential for uptake of doxycycline (DXN) from water. The composite material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis. Central composite design under response surface methodology was opted to optimize the process variables (pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration of DXN) for obtaining the highest removal efficiency. The removal of DXN reached 98.84% at 303 K under the optimum conditions of pH 7.0, equilibrating time of 70 min, adsorbent dose of 20 mg/25 mL and initial concentration of 50 mg L-1. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models fitted best with the experimental data. The values of ΔG° (- 29.159 to - 31.997 kJ mol-1), ΔH° (56.768 kJ mol-1) and ΔS° (283.382 J mol-1 K-1) demonstrated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of adsorption process. The adsorption/desorption study revealed the reusability of the prepared composite material for DXN uptake up to six cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Poornima Varshney
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Girón-Navarro R, Linares-Hernández I, Teutli-Sequeira EA, Martínez-Miranda V, Santoyo-Tepole F. Evaluation and comparison of advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D): a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26325-26358. [PMID: 33825107 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides have generated public concern worldwide because of their toxicity to human health and the environment, even at low concentrations, and their persistence, being mostly nonbiodegradable. The use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has increased in recent decades, causing severe water contamination. Several treatments have been developed to degrade 2,4-D. This manuscript presents an overview of the physicochemical characteristics, uses, regulations, environmental and human health impacts of 2,4-D, and different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to degrade this organic compound, evaluating and comparing operation conditions, efficiencies, and intermediaries. Based on this review, 2,4-D degradation is highly efficient in ozonation (system O3/plasma, 99.8% in 30 min). Photocatalytic, photo-Fenton, and electrochemical processes have the optimal efficiencies of degradation and mineralization: 97%/79.67% (blue TiO2 nanotube arrays//UV), 100%/98% (Fe2+/H2O2/UV), and 100%/84.3% (MI-meso SnO2), respectively. The ozonation and electrochemical processes show high degradation efficiencies, but energy costs are also high, and photocatalysis is more expensive with a separation treatment used to recover the catalyst in the solution. The Fenton process is a viable economic-environmental option, but degradation efficiencies are often low (50-70%); however, they are increased when solar UV radiation is used (90-100%). AOPs are promising technologies for the degradation of organic pollutants in real wastewater, so evaluating their strengths and weaknesses is expected to help select viable operational conditions and obtain optimal efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Girón-Navarro
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C, .P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Ivonne Linares-Hernández
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C, .P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México.
| | - Elia Alejandra Teutli-Sequeira
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C, .P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
- Cátedras del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor. Alcaldía Benito Juárez, C.P 03940, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Verónica Martínez-Miranda
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C, .P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México.
| | - Fortunata Santoyo-Tepole
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Ciudad de México, México
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Liang D, Liu Y, Yu H, Zhu S, Zhang L. Conversion of Fe-rich sludge to KFeS2 cluster: Spontaneous hydrolysis of KFeS2 for the effective adsorption of doxycycline. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Perumalsamy R, Kumaran C, Rajamanickam V. Utilization of Waste Aluminium Foil as a Sacrificial Electrode for the Treatment of Wastewater. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2021. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2020.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zaied BK, Rashid M, Nasrullah M, Zularisam AW, Pant D, Singh L. A comprehensive review on contaminants removal from pharmaceutical wastewater by electrocoagulation process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138095. [PMID: 32481207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceuticals are emergent contaminants, which can create potential threats for human health and the environment. All the pharmaceutical contaminants are becoming enormous in the environment as conventional wastewater treatment cannot be effectively implemented due to toxic and intractable action of pharmaceuticals. For this reason, the existence of pharmaceutical contaminants has brought great awareness, causing significant concern on their transformation, occurrence, risk, and fate in the environments. Electrocoagulation (EC) treatment process is effectively applied for the removal of contaminants, radionuclides, pesticides, and also harmful microorganisms. During the EC process, an electric current is employed directly, and both electrodes are dissoluted partially in the reactor under the special conditions. This electrode dissolution produces the increased concentration of cation, which is finally precipitated as hydroxides and oxides. Different anode materials usage like aluminum, stainless steel, iron, etc. are found more effective in EC operation for efficient removal of pharmaceutical contaminants. Due to the simple procedure and less costly material, EC method is extensively recognized for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment over further conventional treatment methods. The EC process has more usefulness to destabilize the pharmaceutical contaminants with the neutralization of charge and after that coagulating those contaminants to produce flocs. Thus, the review places particular emphasis on the application of EC process to remove pharmaceutical contaminants. First, the operational parameters influencing EC efficiency with the electroanalysis techniques are described. Second, in this review emerging challenges, current developments and techno-economic concerns of EC are highlighted. Finally, future recommendations and prospective on EC are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Zaied
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nasrullah
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - A W Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh - 522502, India.
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Baran W, Adamek E, Jajko M, Sobczak A. Removal of veterinary antibiotics from wastewater by electrocoagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:381-389. [PMID: 29223117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of veterinary antibiotic removal from wastewater using an electrocoagulation method. The removal efficiency of ampicillin, doxycycline, sulfathiazole and tylosin; the antibiotic degradation degree after electrolysis; and the toxicity and qualitative composition of antibiotic solutions after electrocoagulation were determined in the experiments. HPLC-QTOF was used for quantitative and qualitative determination. The eco-toxicity was assessed using the MARA® assay. After electrocoagulation, the concentration of ampicillin, doxycycline, sulfathiazole and tylosin in wastewater decreased 3.6 ± 3.2%, ∼100%, 3.3 ± 0.4% and 3.1 ± 0.3%, respectively. Doxycycline was the only antibiotic effectively removed from wastewater during electrocoagulation. Simultaneously, part of this antibiotic underwent oxidative degradation. As a result of this process, the eco-toxicity in the reaction environment decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Baran
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Adamek
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Marcin Jajko
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; Student Research Group at the Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sobczak
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Kościelna 13, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Madikizela LM, Tavengwa NT, Chimuka L. Status of pharmaceuticals in African water bodies: Occurrence, removal and analytical methods. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 193:211-220. [PMID: 28222352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review paper, the milestones and challenges that have been achieved and experienced by African Environmental Scientists regarding the assessment of water pollution caused by the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in water bodies are highlighted. The identification and quantification of pharmaceuticals in the African water bodies is important to the general public at large due to the lack of information. The consumption of pharmaceuticals to promote human health is usually followed by excretion of these drugs via urine or fecal matter due to their slight transformation in the human metabolism. Therefore, large amounts of pharmaceuticals are being discharged continuously from wastewater treatment plants into African rivers due to inefficiency of employed sewage treatment processes. Large portions of African communities do not even have proper sanitation systems which results in direct contamination of water resources with human waste that contains pharmaceutical constituents among other pollutants. Therefore, this article provides the overview of the recent studies published, mostly from 2012 to 2016, that have focused on the occurrence of different classes of pharmaceuticals in African aqueous systems. Also, the current analytical methods that are being used in Africa for pharmaceutical quantification in environmental waters are highlighted. African Scientists have started to investigate the materials and remediation processes for the elimination of pharmaceuticals from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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A characteristic study on generation and interactive effect of electrocoagulated floc with Direct Green 1 and Reactive Red 2. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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