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Bazo-Alvarez JC, Copez-Lonzoy A, Ipanaqué-Zapata M, Bazalar-Palacios J, Rivera EL, Flores-Ramos EC. Witnessing inter-parental violence in childhood and help-seeking behaviours in violence against women in Peru. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1022. [PMID: 38609932 PMCID: PMC11015581 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against women (VAW) severely impacts their physical and mental health. In some cultures, women can normalize certain types of violence if they were linked to home models in childhood and, eventually, do not seek for help in adulthood. We aimed to determine, in Peruvian women, (1) the association between witnessing violence in their family of origin and VAW experienced in adulthood, (2) the extent to which women who have experienced VAW seek some help, and (3) identify VAW prevalence by Peruvian region. METHODS Cross-sectional study of secondary data obtained from the 2019 National Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). The outcome was VAW (psychological, physical and sexual violence), whereas the exposure was witnessing violence in the home of origin. Help-seeking behavior was a secondary outcome, for which VAW was the exposure. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated to assess both associations, unadjusted and adjusted for covariates (aPR). RESULTS Data from 14,256 women aged 15 to 49 years were analysed. 51.5% reported having experienced VAW and 43.8% witnessed violence in the home of origin during childhood. Witnessing inter-parental violence in childhood was associated with psychological violence aPR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.17-1.33), physical aPR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.38-1.67), and sexual aPR = 1.99 (95% CI: 1.57-2.52). Women who have experienced both types of violence (physical and sexual) were more likely to help-seeking (aPR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.14-1.50) than women suffering only one type of violence. CONCLUSION Women who reported having witnessed home violence in their childhood are more likely to experience Violence Against Women (VAW) by their current partner. Physical and sexual violence with a current partner was more associated with witnessing inter-parental violence in childhood, and when physical and sexual violence jointly occurred women were more help-seeking. The southern region of Peru is identified as an area of high vulnerability for women. It is crucial to promote educative and community-based programs aimed at the prevention and early recognition of VAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo, Peru.
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Anthony Copez-Lonzoy
- Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | | | - Elaine C Flores-Ramos
- Centre on Climate Change & Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Stanford Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford, USA
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2
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Marzbani B, Ayubi E, Barati M, Sahrai P. The relationship between social support and dimensions of elder maltreatment: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:869. [PMID: 38110874 PMCID: PMC10726566 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Many studies have investigated the relationship between social support and the prevention of elder abuse; however, their results are somehow inconsistent in terms of the association. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the published studies on the relationship between social support and the prevention of elder maltreatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was conducted until January 2023, using such databases as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The present research included cross-sectional, longitudinal, and case-control studies. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two researchers independently. The Newcastle-Ottawa checklist was utilized to evaluate the quality of studies. The random effects model was employed to perform a meta-analysis. RESULTS In total, 32 studies were included in this systematic review, out of which 26 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. The results showed that 68.75% of the studies were of high quality, and there is a significant relationship between social support and elder maltreatment. Accordingly, the lack of social support increased overall maltreatment (odds ratio: 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.16-1.33; I2 = 92.3%, p = 0.000)). Moreover, lack of social support had an increasing effect on the level of psychological abuse (1.55, 1.18-2.04; 88.7%, p = 0.000), physical abuse (1.31, 0.42-4.11; 76.3%, p = 0.005), and neglect (2.02, 0.86-4.72; 87.9%, p = 0.000), which shows heterogeneities among the results of the included studies. On the contrary, the lack of social support showed a decreasing effect on financial abuse (0.92, 0.70-1.21; 62.1%, p = 0.022). CONCLUSION This systematic review provides evidence that social support in the form of structural or functional support may plays an important role in improving the quality of life of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Marzbani
- Department of Public Health, School of health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Erfan Ayubi
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Barati
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838695, Iran.
| | - Parvaneh Sahrai
- Department of Public Health, School of health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Sánchez ODR, Tanaka Zambrano E, Dantas-Silva A, Bonás MK, Grieger I, Machado HC, Surita FG. Domestic violence: A cross-sectional study among pregnant and postpartum women. J Adv Nurs 2022; 79:1525-1539. [PMID: 35855530 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the prevalence of domestic violence/intimate partner violence, aggressors, types of violence and associated factors in women who attend an antenatal and postnatal care service in a public hospital in Brazil. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS We interviewed women attending antenatal and postpartum care services in a Brazilian public tertiary woman's hospital in Campinas, São Paulo, between July 2019 and September 2021. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires previously used in healthcare settings: Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS); Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST); Hurt, Insulted, Threatened with Harm and Screamed (HITS). We evaluated the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics of women and domestic/intimate violence using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Of the 600 pregnant and postpartum women interviewed, 138 (23%) had suffered any abuse. Some participants disclosed physical violence during pregnancy (2.3%) and during the last 12 months (5.3%). The partner was identified as the main aggressor in most of the cases (60%). When women had a partner, 3.5% reported domestic violence and 6.7% disclosed intimate partner violence during pregnancy or postpartum period. Women with non-white skin colour (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.01-2.34; p = .048), gestational age ≤ 13 weeks (OR = 3.41; 95% CI 1.03-11.25; p = .044) and in postpartum period (OR = 2.81; 95% CI 1.32-5.99; p = .008) were more likely to experience domestic violence at some time in their lives. Women interviewed before the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to disclose that they had suffered any abuse. CONCLUSION Experience of violence during pregnancy and postpartum period was more frequent in women with non-white skin colour, in their first gestational trimester and in the postpartum period, and was more reported before the COVID-19 pandemic. Antenatal and postpartum care services could be safe places to support violence survivors. IMPACT Pregnant and postpartum women are a vulnerable group to experiencing domestic violence/intimate partner violence. Violence can negatively affect women's and children's health and well-being. Antenatal and postpartum care should be considered as a moment to routinely inquiry women about past and current violence experiences. Regular contact among healthcare professionals and women during this period offers a window of opportunities for implementing psychosocial interventions among women at risk of violence. Healthcare providers (i.e., physicians, psychologists, social workers, nurses and midwives) have an important role in identifying survivors, offering support and providing quality information to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Del Risco Sánchez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Dantas-Silva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Isabella Grieger
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Garanhani Surita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Application of Artificial Intelligence Computing in the Universal Design of Aging and Healthy Housing. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:4576397. [PMID: 35378807 PMCID: PMC8976605 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4576397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intelligent control technology is not only the use of the so-called highly sophisticated technology in the daily life of the elderly but also control services according to the individual needs of the elderly. This paper combines research in psychology and ergonomics to explore how to use the living space to build indoor scenarios that influence the behavioural and psychological changes of the elderly based on satisfying functionality. The external environment influences the user's perception, and the perception determines the user's behaviour. Through the construction of scenarios, objects and people can interact with each other, thus achieving the objective of “solitude but not loneliness” for the elderly living alone and providing a modern ageing environment with high safety, convenience, quality, and comfort for the elderly.
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Sasseville N, Maurice P, Montminy L, Hassan G, St-Pierre É. Cumulative Contexts of Vulnerability to Intimate Partner Violence Among Women With Disabilities, Elderly Women, and Immigrant Women: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Explanatory Theories, and Prevention. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:88-100. [PMID: 32452296 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020925773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Some groups of women are more vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV) due to particular risks and/or experiences: women with disabilities, elderly women, and immigrant women (DEI). Too often, their reality goes unnoticed, especially for those belonging to more than one of these groups. In this literature review, researchers used an intersectional approach to document the similarities and differences in how DEI women experience IPV, in terms of forms and consequences, as well as related risk factors, explanatory theories, and prevention strategies. Researchers selected 56 articles for review based on the following inclusion criteria: studies on adults living in a situation of IPV, studies on one of the three demographics under study (DEI), studies about one or multiple research questions, and studies based on empirical data relying on research methodology in either French or English. Researchers evaluated each selected article for its quality according to a chart that was specially developed for this review. The results highlight existing "intersections" between these groups to help understand the influence of belonging to more than one vulnerability group on these women's experiences with IPV. The importance to better training social workers and developing policies and programs that target the social determinants of health to prevent IPV experienced by DEI is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Sasseville
- Unité d'enseignement en travail social, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Maurice
- Sécurité, prévention de la violence et des traumatismes, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Lise Montminy
- École de travail social, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Lionel Groulx, Québec, Canada
| | - Ghayda Hassan
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal Québec, Canada
| | - Émilie St-Pierre
- Unité d'enseignement en travail social, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
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Honarvar B, Gheibi Z, Asadollahi A, Bahadori F, Khaksar E, Rabiey Faradonbeh M, Farjami M. The Impact of Abuse on the Quality of Life of the Elderly: A Population-based Survey in Iran. J Prev Med Public Health 2020; 53:89-97. [PMID: 32268463 PMCID: PMC7142012 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.19.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The quality of life (QoL) of the elderly and elder abuse are growing public health concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of abuse and the association between QoL and abuse in older adults. Methods Multistage random cluster sampling, along with valid QoL (LEIPAD: LEIden, the Netherlands; PADua, Italy; Helsinki, Finland) and abuse questionnaires, were used to assess QoL and elder abuse. Path analysis was performed using Mplus. SPSS and AMOS were used for the other analyses. Results A total of 386 elderly individuals with a mean age of 68.00±6.10 years were interviewed, of whom 200 (51.8%), 289 (74.9%), and 376 (97.4%) were women, educated, and married, respectively. Moreover, 167 (43.2%) had low-to-moderate QoL, and 108 (27.9%) had experienced a moderate level of abuse. QoL and abuse were inversely associated (r=-0.253), with men (β=-0.24) more affected than women (β=-0.21). Musculoskeletal disorders were also strong determinants of QoL in the elderly. QoL was strongly associated with emotional abuse, while abuse was highly related to the social component of QoL. Furthermore, emotional abuse was the type of abuse most significantly associated with the self-care, depression/anxiety, cognitive, and social components of QoL. Sexual abuse, violation of personal rights, and neglect were the main determinants of the physical functioning, life satisfaction, and sexual domains of QoL, respectively. Conclusions Nearly half of the elderly individuals lacked a high QoL, and at least one-fourth had experienced some form of abuse. Elder abuse was correlated inversely with QoL. Therefore, preventive interventions are recommended to decrease elder abuse in the family, community, and other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Honarvar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Gheibi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Asadollahi
- Department of Healthy Aging, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Bahadori
- Department of Healthy Aging, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elahe Khaksar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rabiey Faradonbeh
- Department of Healthy Aging, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farjami
- Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Amegbor PM, Braimah JA, Adjaye-Gbewonyo D, Rosenberg MW, Sabel CE. Effect of cognitive and structural social capital on depression among older adults in Ghana: A multilevel cross-sectional analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104045. [PMID: 32416461 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from existing studies suggests social capital has mixed effects on depression and other common mental disorders. There is little knowledge of the possible association between social capital and depression among the growing older population in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the effect of cognitive social capital (trust and sense of safety) and structural social capital (social participation or engagement in social activities) on depression among older adults in Ghana. Utilizing multilevel mixed-effect analysis, we investigate the effect of individual-level and neighborhood-level social capital (cognitive and structural) on depression using data from the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (WHO-SAGE) survey (Wave 1). The findings show that at an individual level, older adults who felt safe at home were less likely to have depression. We observed mixed results for elements of structural social capital at the individual level. Older adults who frequently engaged in club or group meetings, worked with neighbors and engaged in social outings were more likely to have depression; while attending public meetings and socializing with co-workers were associated with reduced likelihood of having depression. At the neighborhood level, increased trust in neighbors was associated with an increased likelihood of having depression (OR = 1.01, p < 0.05) while higher levels of neighborhood safety and structural social capital were associated with a reduced likelihood of having depression. The findings suggest that the differential associations between elements of social capital and depression may be the result of contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince M Amegbor
- BERTHA Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Joseph A Braimah
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Mackintosh-Corry Hall, Room E208, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Dzifa Adjaye-Gbewonyo
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark W Rosenberg
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Mackintosh-Corry Hall, Room E208, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Clive E Sabel
- BERTHA Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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8
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Dos Santos RC, Menezes RMDP, Souto RQ, de Araújo GKN, Marcolino EDC, Soares MCDS, Almeida JLS. Frailty Syndrome: A Risk Factor Associated With Violence in Older Adults. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2020; 16:130-137. [PMID: 32840339 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the association between frailty syndrome as a risk factor associated with violence in older adults. METHOD A cross-sectional study, carried out with older adults, in an emergency care unit of a northeastern Brazilian city was conducted. Three instruments were used: a form for sample characterization (i.e., demographics) and two more scales, namely, the Edmonton Frail Scale and the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test. The results were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, Spearman's correlation test, and simple logistic regression. RESULTS The sample included 146 older adults who were over 70 years old (56.6%), male (56.2%), and at risk of violence (69.86%). Among the categorical variables, there was an association between risk and being of a higher age (80.7%, p < 0.001), unemployed (73.7%, p < 0.05), having more than six children (80.8%, p < 0.05), and frail older adults (88.1%, p < 0.001). There was a correlation (p < 0.05) between the numerical variables of the scales of violence and frailty, with a coefficient of 0.40. The simple logistic regression model showed that frailty syndrome increases the risk of violence among older adults. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that frailty is a factor that increases the occurrence of risk of violence and provides information to guide nursing action in the field of forensic sciences.
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Forero Borda LM, Hoyos Porto SDJ, Buitrago Martínez V, Heredia Ramírez RA. Maltrato a las personas mayores: una revisión narrativa. UNIVERSITAS MÉDICA 2019. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.umed60-4.malt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
El maltrato a las personas mayores es un tema de interés creciente, tanto así que se considera un problema de salud pública. Hay particularidades que hacen del entorno colombiano un ambiente propicio para generar situaciones de maltrato: la exposición a la “violencia a gran escala”, la diferencia de género y el cambio de la pirámide poblacional. Según el estudio SABE Colombia, el 12,9 % de las personas mayores informó haber sufrido maltrato, del cual el más común es el psicológico, seguido por el físico, el financiero y el sexual. A pesar de que el Estado reconoce al adulto mayor como “sujeto de especial protección”, aún hay desconocimiento por parte de los profesionales de la salud a la hora de enfrentar estos casos. Este debería ser un tema de obligatoriedad moral, por lo que se debe abordar a profundidad para así identificarlo oportunamente y proponer estrategias de prevención de una manera contextualizada. Esta revisión de la literatura tiene por objetivos sintetizar la información epidemiológica disponible, los factores de riesgo y las estrategias de evaluación y plantear las rutas de atención idóneas asentadas en los aspectos legales alrededor del maltrato hacia los ancianos en Colombia.
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10
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Li M, Guo M, Stensland M, Silverstein M, Dong X. Typology of Family Relationship and Elder Mistreatment in a US Chinese Population. J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 67:S493-S498. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Li
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging ResearchRutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey
- School of NursingRutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey
| | - Man Guo
- School of Social WorkUniversity of Iowa Iowa City Iowa
| | | | - Merril Silverstein
- Department of SociologyMaxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University Syracuse New York
- Department of Human Development and Family ScienceDavid B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University Syracuse New York
| | - XinQi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging ResearchRutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey
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Curcio CL, Payán-Villamizar C, Jiménez A, Gómez F. Abuse in Colombian elderly and its association with socioeconomic conditions and functionality. Colomb Med (Cali) 2019; 50:77-88. [PMID: 31607765 PMCID: PMC6774576 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v50i2.4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe the presence of abuse in elderly people in Colombia and its association with socio-demographic and functional conditions. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive research. Data were taken from the SABE Colombia Survey, a population study, with a national representative sample of 23,694 adults aged over 60 years. Presence and type of abuse by partners or family members, members were investigated. Generalized linear models with Poisson link function were used to estimate the causes of the prevalence of abuse by area of residence, region, age, sex, dependence on activities of daily living and living arrangements. Results: 15.1% of the elderly in Colombia reported some type of abuse, and over 50% reported more than one form of abuse. Abuse proportion is greater in people who are aged 60-69, in women, people with lower levels of education, people who belong to lower socioeconomic status, people who live alone, people who live with children, and people in urban areas. The most frequent abuse form is psychological, followed by neglect and physical abuse. Dependence on basic and instrumental daily living activities increases the probabilities of suffering abuse. Conclusions: Home is a risky place for the elderly people, especially for those with functional dependence, those who belong to low socioeconomic strata and women. Results should encourage debate among researchers, professionals and decision makers on public policy about necessary actions and means to change violent family dynamics in homes with elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-Lucia Curcio
- Universidad de Caldas, Grupo de Investigaciones en Gerontología y Geriatría, Manizales, Colombia
| | | | - Abelardo Jiménez
- Fundación Universitaria San Martín, Medicina, Public Health Research Group GISAP, Cali, Colombia.,Universidad del Valle, Escuela de Salud Pública, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernando Gómez
- Universidad de Caldas, Grupo de Investigaciones en Gerontología y Geriatría, Manizales, Colombia
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Gomez F, Zunzunegui MV, Alvarado B, Curcio CL, Pirkle CM, Guerra R, Ylli A, Guralnik J. Cohort Profile: The International Mobility In Aging Study (IMIAS). Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:1393-1393h. [PMID: 29746698 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gomez
- Research Group on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | | | - Beatriz Alvarado
- Departments of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Carmen L Curcio
- Research Group on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Catherine M Pirkle
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ricardo Guerra
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Alban Ylli
- Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Jack Guralnik
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Pathak N, Dhairyawan R, Tariq S. The experience of intimate partner violence among older women: A narrative review. Maturitas 2019; 121:63-75. [PMID: 30704567 PMCID: PMC6546119 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a significant public health issue globally. It has serious physical and psychological health consequences as well huge economic and social costs. With an ageing population globally, it is important to understand how older women experience IPV. We present a narrative review of 48 studies exploring IPV in women aged ≥45 years, focusing on: (1) prevalence of IPV; (2) factors associated with IPV; (3) impact of IPV; (4) responses to IPV; (5) IPV interventions; and (6) key populations. Although we found significant gaps in the literature and an inconsistency in definitions, data suggest that IPV is commonly experienced by older women (lifetime prevalence 16.5%-54.5%), but that their age and life transitions mean that they may experience abuse differently to younger women. They also face unique barriers to accessing help, such as disability and dependence on their partners. We recommend commissioning services that are specifically tailored to meet their needs. Professionals working in frontline services where older women are commonly seen should be trained to identify and respond to IPV appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pathak
- UCL Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Healthcare, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; UCL Institute of Health Informatics, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK.
| | - Rageshri Dhairyawan
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 4BB, UK.
| | - Shema Tariq
- UCL Institute for Global Health, Mortimer Market Centre, Off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK.
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Colussi EL, Kuyawa A, Marchi ACBD, Pichler NA. Perceptions of the elderly on aging and violence in intrafamily relationships. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562019022.190034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: To identify the different perceptions of the aging process and violence in intrafamilial relations of elderly participants of a social and coexistence group. Method: An exploratory and descriptive qualitative study was performed through the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, with seven elderly people participating in the Coexistence and Strengthening of Bonds social group. The results of the discourses were assessed through thematic content analysis. Results: The extraction into thematic units allowed the elaboration of two intertwined categories: self-perception of the process of intrafamily aging and violence in the eyes of the elderly. Conclusion: The elderly reported that the family is responsible for providing care, appreciation and understanding, and that the aging process brings new possibilities for coexistence, but it is also accompanied by weaknesses and limitations. They also indicated subtle practices of psychological, financial, and abandonment violence, making them impotent, ashamed, and fearful to adopt effective initiatives to restore cordial, ethical, and harmonious family relationships.
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Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate Partner Violence in the Golden Age: Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1595. [PMID: 30233454 PMCID: PMC6131561 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is identifiable as a major public health concern worldwide. The international literature highlights how this phenomenon is complex and transversal to all age groups. While the global population is becoming older, the scientific research about risk and protective factors related to IPV in the golden age is diverse, and the different findings of the various studies have not been systematized so far. Thus, in this systematic review, we aim to analyze the scientific studies that investigate the risk and the protective factors of violent dynamics between elderly couples. From the perspective of the theoretical frameworks and the methodological approaches used, we present the main conceptual themes that emerge. Following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, we review the articles that report the analyses of protective and risk factors of IPV perpetration. Our results indicate social support, help-seeking behavior, and the availability of community-based services addressing the issues of abuse as the main protective factors. The risk factors are related to economic conditions, belonging to an ethnic minority, cognitive or physical impairment, other conditions associated with cultural background and relational dynamics, such as intrapartner dependence and intergenerational transmission of violence and trauma, and caregiving stress. We discuss possible future directions of research to improve the understanding of IPV in the elderly population and the implications for the development of intervention policies at preventive and supportive levels.
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Ahmed T, Belanger E, Vafaei A, Koné GK, Alvarado B, Béland F, Zunzunegui MV. Validation of a Social Networks and Support Measurement Tool for Use in International Aging Research: The International Mobility in Aging Study. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2018; 33:101-120. [DOI: 10.1007/s10823-018-9344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Belisário MS, Dias FA, Pegorari MS, de Paiva MM, Ferreira PCDS, Corradini FA, Tavares DMDS. Cross-sectional study on the association between frailty and violence against community-dwelling elderly people in Brazil. SAO PAULO MED J 2018; 136:10-19. [PMID: 29267538 PMCID: PMC9924165 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0203290817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical, emotional and cognitive limitations that may be present in the aging process, coupled with family unpreparedness, may lead to greater dependence among the elderly. This favors development of frailty syndrome and greater levels of violence against the elderly. The objective here was to analyze the association between violence against the elderly and frailty; and the geographic distribution of violence against the elderly according to the presence of frailty syndrome. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study on 705 community-dwelling elderly people in Uberaba (MG), Brazil. METHODS The Fried frailty phenotype and conflict tactics scale were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test and a logistic regression model. The intensity of the events and the relationship between clusters of violence and frailty status were assessed by means of kernel estimation. RESULTS The adjusted analysis indicated that pre-frailty and frailty were associated with physical and verbal aggression (odds ratio, OR = 1.51; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.04-2.19; OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.29-3.47), frailty was associated with physical aggression (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.25-4.94) and pre-frailty and frailty were associated with verbal aggression (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03-2.15; OR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.31-3.52), respectively. Regardless of frailty status and its relationship with violence, clusters of occurrences were larger in similar regions in the southeastern part of the municipality; but superimposition of overlays relating to aggression showed that for frail individuals the clusters were smaller than for non-frail and pre-frail individuals. CONCLUSIONS The condition of frailty was associated with greater chances of violence against the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Santos Belisário
- Undergraduate Student, Nursing Course, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba (MG), Brazil.
| | - Flavia Aparecida Dias
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Course on Healthcare, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba (MG), Brazil.
| | - Maycon Sousa Pegorari
- MSc. Physiotherapist and Assistant Professor, Physiotherapy Course, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá (AP) Brazil.
| | - Mariana Mapelli de Paiva
- MSc. Nurse and Assistant Professor, Technical Nursing Course, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais (IFNMG), Almenara (MG), Brazil.
| | | | - Fabrício Anibal Corradini
- MD. Adjunct Professor, Department of Geography, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba (MG), Brazil.
| | - Darlene Mara dos Santos Tavares
- MD, PhD. Associate Professor, Undergraduate Nursing Program, Department of Nursing Education and Community Health, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba (MG), Brazil.
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Blay SL, Laks J, Marinho V, Figueira I, Maia D, Coutinho ESF, Quintana IM, Mello MF, Bressan RA, Mari JJ, Andreoli SB. Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:2634-2638. [PMID: 28898387 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of elder abuse and to investigate potential sociodemographic, health behavior, and medical correlates. DESIGN Cross-sectional data were collected in face-to-face assessments. SETTING São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 60 to 75. MEASUREMENTS Information on elder abuse was obtained using the Brazil-adapted, nine-item Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test. Sampling design-adjusted descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used in analyses. RESULTS The overall prevalence of abuse was 14.4% (n = 46/259, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.82-20.61) in São Paulo and 13.3% (n = 27/197, 95% CI = 8.76-19.74) in Rio de Janeiro. Unadjusted analyses indicated that poor education, low physical activity, unemployment, heart disease, and psychiatric problems were associated with abuse, but in adjusted analyses, self-reported elder abuse was significantly associated only with psychiatric problems (São Paulo: OR = 4.48, 95% CI = 1.75-11.45; Rio de Janeiro: OR = 21.61, 95% CI = 6.39-73.14). CONCLUSION Elder abuse is prevalent in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, but whether concomitants of abuse are cause, effect, or both is unclear because this was a cross-sectional study. These findings highlight the importance of the problem, as well as the need to develop measures to increase awareness, facilitate prevention, and fight against abuse of elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio L Blay
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jerson Laks
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Translational Biomedicine, Universidade do Grande Rio, Caxias, Brazil
| | - Valeska Marinho
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ivan Figueira
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deborah Maia
- National School of Public Health, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ines M Quintana
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jair J Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio B Andreoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Warmling D, Lindner SR, Coelho EBS. Prevalência de violência por parceiro íntimo em idosos e fatores associados: revisão sistemática. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017; 22:3111-3125. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232017229.12312017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar a prevalência de violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) em idosos e seus fatores associados. Realizou-se revisão sistemática de estudos transversais de base populacional nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs e PsycInfo, sem restrições quanto ao período e idioma de publicação. Dois revisores independentes conduziram a seleção, extração dos dados e análise de qualidade metodológica. Dezenove artigos foram selecionados para análise. Houve variação do tipo de violência, sexo dos entrevistados e instrumentos utilizados. A maioria dos estudos apresentou qualidade metodológica moderada ou alta. A VPI ocorreu em homens e mulheres idosos, sendo mais prevalentes a violência psicológica e o abuso econômico. Os fatores associados mais frequentes foram o consumo de álcool, depressão, baixa renda, comprometimento funcional e exposição pregressa à violência.
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Rodrigues RAP, Monteiro EA, Santos AMRD, Pontes MDLDF, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, Seredynskyj FL, Almeida VC, Giacomini SBL, Defina GPC, Silva LM. Older adults abuse in three Brazilian cities. Rev Bras Enferm 2017; 70:783-791. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the police reports filed by older adults who suffered abuse in order to identify the socio-demographic characteristics of victims and aggressors, type of violence, location, as well as to compare rates in three Brazilian cities in the period from 2009 to 2013. Method: Ecological study, in which 2,612 police reports registered in Police Stations were analyzed. An instrument was used to obtain data from the victim, the aggressor and the type of violence. Results: Psychological abuse predominated and most cases occurred in the older adults own home. In the cities of Ribeirão Preto and João Pessoa, the older adults presented similar rates for both gender. Regarding the standardized rates, in João Pessoa, there was a rise of this type of abuse in the two first years, and later there was a certain stability. In the city of Teresina, there was an increase, also observed in the city of Ribeirão Preto in the three first years, followed by a decrease. Conclusion: Older adults abuse is a cultural phenomenon difficult to be reported by them, since it occurs in the family context.
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Balegamire S, Aubin MJ, Curcio CL, Alvarado B, Guerra RO, Ylli A, Deshpande N, Zunzunegui MV. Factors Associated With Visual Impairment and Eye Care Utilization: The International Mobility in Aging Study. J Aging Health 2017. [PMID: 28645242 DOI: 10.1177/0898264317716360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine factors associated with visual impairment (VI) and eye care in the International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS). METHOD IMIAS data were analyzed ( N = 1,995 with ages 65-74). Outcomes were VI defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 in the better eye and eye care utilization assessed by annual visits to eye care professionals. The Hurt-Insult-Threaten-Scream (HITS) questionnaire requested information on domestic violence. RESULTS Among men, VI varied from 24% in Manizales (Colombia) to 0.5% in Kingston (Canada); among women, VI ranged from 20% in Manizales to 1% in Kingston; lifetime exposure to domestic violence was associated with VI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.17, 3.00]). Eye care utilization varied from 72% in Kingston's men to 25% in Tirana's men; it was associated with domestic violence (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.3; 95% CI = [1.1, 1.6]). DISCUSSION VI is more frequent where eye care utilization is low. Domestic violence may be a risk factor for VI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alban Ylli
- 6 Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
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Oliveira BS, Zunzunegui MV, Quinlan J, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR, Thomasini RL, Guerra RO. Lifecourse Adversity and Telomere Length in Older Women from Northeast Brazil. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 21:294-303. [PMID: 28482745 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and shorter telomere length (TL) in 83 older women, including 42 women with less than secondary education and 41 with secondary or more education in a city of Northeast Brazil, a region with substantial socioeconomic inequalities. The low education sample was selected from a representative survey at local neighborhood health centers, while the high education group consisted of a convenience sample recruited by advertising in community centers and centers affiliated with the local university. Relative leukocyte TL was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction from blood samples. ACEs were self-reported. Spline linear regression was fitted to assess the strength of the associations between ACEs and TL. Among women with low education, median TL was 1.02 compared with 0.64 in the high education group (p = 0.0001). Natural log-transformed T/S ratio as the dependent variable was used in analysis. Women with low education had been exposed to more ACEs, and among them those experiencing two or more ACEs had longer TL than women exposed to ≤1 ACEs (p = 0.03); among women with high education, this difference was not significant (p = 0.49). In analyses adjusted by age, education, and parental abuse of alcohol, the linear trend of higher TL with increasing ACEs was confirmed (p = 0.02), and the mean difference in TL between groups remained significant (p = 0.002). The unexpected positive relationship between low education and ACEs with TL suggests that older adults who have survived harsh conditions prevailing in Northeast Brazil have the longest TL of their birth cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Silva Oliveira
- 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ronaldo Luis Thomasini
- 5 Faculty of Medicine-FAMED, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Campus JK, Diamantina, Brazil
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Auais M, Alvarado B, Guerra R, Curcio C, Freeman EE, Ylli A, Guralnik J, Deshpande N. Fear of falling and its association with life-space mobility of older adults: a cross-sectional analysis using data from five international sites. Age Ageing 2017; 46:459-465. [PMID: 28043980 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background fear of falling (FOF) is a major health concern among community-dwelling older adults that could restrict mobility. Objective to examine the association of FOF with life-space mobility (i.e. the spatial area a person moves through in daily life) of community-dwelling older adults from five diverse sites. Methods in total, 1,841 older adults (65-74 years) were recruited from Kingston, Canada; Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada; Tirana, Albania; Manizales, Colombia and Natal, Brazil. FOF was assessed using the Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I total score), and the life space was quantified using the Life-Space Assessment (LSA), a scale that runs from 0 (minimum life space) to 120 (maximum life space). Results the overall average LSA total score was 68.7 (SD: 21.2). Multiple-linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant relationship of FOF with life-space mobility, even after adjusting for functional, clinical and sociodemographic confounders (B = -0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.26 to -0.04). The FOF × site interaction term was significant with a stronger linear relationship found in the Canadian sites and Tirana compared with the South American sites. After adjusting for all confounders, the association between FOF with LSA remained significant at Kingston (B = -0.32, 95% CI -0.62 to -0.01), Saint-Hyacinthe (B = -0.81, 95% CI -1.31 to -0.32) and Tirana (B = -0.57, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.24). Conclusion FOF is an important psychological factor that is associated with reduction in life space of older adults in different social and cultural contexts, and the strength of this association is site specific. Addressing FOF among older adults would help improve their mobility in local communities, which in turn would improve social participation and health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Auais
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beatriz Alvarado
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricardo Guerra
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Carmen Curcio
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Ellen E Freeman
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alban Ylli
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Jack Guralnik
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nandini Deshpande
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Facial trauma as physical violence markers against elderly Brazilians: A comparative analysis between genders. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 67:55-60. [PMID: 27420151 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Clausen T, Martinez P, Towers A, Greenfield T, Kowal P. Alcohol Consumption at Any Level Increases Risk of Injury Caused by Others: Data from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2016; 9:125-32. [PMID: 27257385 PMCID: PMC4878716 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is a well-known risk factor for injury. However, information is needed about alcohol drinking patterns and the risk of injury among older adults in low- and middle-income countries as this population grows. We aimed to examine the influence of drinking patterns on the burden of injury and investigate factors associated with different types of injury in older populations in six emerging economies. METHODS Data from more than 37,000 adults aged 50 years and older were included from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1 conducted in six emerging economies, namely, China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. We investigated past-year reported injuries from falls, traffic accidents, and being hit or stabbed. Alcohol drinking patterns were measured as lifetime abstinence, ever but not past- week use, and gender-specific past-week low-risk and high-risk use. We stratified by gender and used logistic regression models to observe the association between alcohol drinking pattern and risk of injury by controlling for other factors. RESULTS During the year prior to interview, 627 (2.2%) subjects reported bodily injury resulting from a car accident, 1,156 (4.2%) from a fall, and 339 (0.9%) from being hit or stabbed during the past year. For women, only being a high-risk drinker increased the risk of being hit or stabbed, whereas for men, all levels of drinking were associated with an increased risk of being hit or stabbed. We observed a higher risk of being hit or stabbed from past-week high-risk drinking among women (odds ratio [OR] = 6.09, P < 0.01) than among men (OR = 3.57, P < 0.01). We observed no association between alcohol drinking pattern and injury due to car accidents for either women or men. CONCLUSIONS The risk of experiencing injury due to violence increased with level of alcohol exposure of the victim. The increase in alcohol use in emerging economies calls for further study into the consequences of alcohol use and for public health initiatives to reduce the risk of violence in older adult populations, with special attention to the experience of older adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clausen
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research; University of Oslo, Norway.; Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Priscilla Martinez
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.; University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andy Towers
- School of Public Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.; Core Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Clifford Attkisson Clinical Services Research Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Kowal
- World Health Organization Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland.; Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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