1
|
De Souza R, Chaves C, Rohani K, Bouferguene S, Barbeau J, Borie E, Weber B, Fuentes R, Crizostomo L, Silva-Lovato C, Emami E. Palatal brushing for the treatment of denture stomatitis: A multicentre randomized controlled trial. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:93-102. [PMID: 35264510 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_21_00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effectiveness of palatal brushing in the treatment of denture-related erythematous stomatitis (DES) in complete denture wearers. METHODS This two-parallel-arm RCT was conducted in three university clinics in Brazil, Canada, and Chile. Participants (n=77) were randomly allocated to receive (i) instructions for palatal brushing and standard oral/denture hygiene ("intervention"); or (ii) standard oral/denture hygiene instructions only ("control"). Data collection was carried out at the baseline and at 3 and 6 months after intervention. Outcomes included the magnitude of oral Candida carriage and the degree of inflammation of denture-bearing tissues. Groups were compared using generalized estimating equations and chi-square test (α=0.05). RESULTS Palatal inflammation levels were reduced significantly in the "intervention" compared to "control" group at 6 months (intervention: 70%, control: 40%; chi-square, p=0.04). There was no between-group significant difference in the Candida count from denture and palatal biofilms; however, a subgroup analysis restricted to baseline Candida carriers showed further reduction with the intervention at 6 months. No adversity was observed by trialist or reported by participants. CONCLUSIONS Including palatal brushing in oral instructions for denture wearers has positive impact on DES-related mucosal inflammation. Thus, our findings endorse the inclusion of palatal brushing in standard oral hygiene instructions to treat DES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael De Souza
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carolina Chaves
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kimia Rohani
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sabrina Bouferguene
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean Barbeau
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eduardo Borie
- CICO Research Centre, Integral Dentistry of Adults Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Benjamin Weber
- CICO Research Centre, Integral Dentistry of Adults Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ramon Fuentes
- CICO Research Centre, Integral Dentistry of Adults Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luciana Crizostomo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudia Silva-Lovato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Elham Emami
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carrillo-Perez F, Pecho OE, Morales JC, Paravina RD, Della Bona A, Ghinea R, Pulgar R, Pérez MDM, Herrera LJ. Applications of artificial intelligence in dentistry: A comprehensive review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 34:259-280. [PMID: 34842324 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a comprehensive review of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in dentistry, providing the community with a broad insight on the different advances that these technologies and tools have produced, paying special attention to the area of esthetic dentistry and color research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The comprehensive review was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, for papers published in English language in the last 20 years. RESULTS Out of 3871 eligible papers, 120 were included for final appraisal. Study methodologies included deep learning (DL; n = 76), fuzzy logic (FL; n = 12), and other ML techniques (n = 32), which were mainly applied to disease identification, image segmentation, image correction, and biomimetic color analysis and modeling. CONCLUSIONS The insight provided by the present work has reported outstanding results in the design of high-performance decision support systems for the aforementioned areas. The future of digital dentistry goes through the design of integrated approaches providing personalized treatments to patients. In addition, esthetic dentistry can benefit from those advances by developing models allowing a complete characterization of tooth color, enhancing the accuracy of dental restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of AI and ML has an increasing impact on the dental profession and is complementing the development of digital technologies and tools, with a wide application in treatment planning and esthetic dentistry procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Carrillo-Perez
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, E.T.S.I.I.T.-C.I.T.I.C. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Oscar E Pecho
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Morales
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, E.T.S.I.I.T.-C.I.T.I.C. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rade D Paravina
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Razvan Ghinea
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Pulgar
- Department of Stomatology, Campus Cartuja, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Pérez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Herrera
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, E.T.S.I.I.T.-C.I.T.I.C. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matranga D, Bono F, Maniscalco L. Statistical Advances in Epidemiology and Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073549. [PMID: 33805510 PMCID: PMC8036932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The key role of statistical modeling in epidemiology and public health is unquestionable [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Matranga
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Filippa Bono
- Department of Economics, Business and Statistics, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Laura Maniscalco
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Capocasale G, Nocini R, Faccioni P, Donadello D, Bertossi D, Albanese M, Zotti F. How to deal with coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive narrative review about oral involvement of the disease. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:101-108. [PMID: 33021087 PMCID: PMC7675550 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this narrative review was to collect all findings from literature about oral signs and symptoms of COVID-19, in order to draw a picture of oral involvement of this challenging viral infection, to help oral professionals in a better triage and early diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The search for international literature was made including articles written in English and reporting about oral manifestations in patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19. The publication time was limited to 2019 and 2020, up to May 20, 2020. A narrative review was performed. RESULTS Twenty-three articles were included in this review. Three different oral manifestations were found: taste alteration, oral blister and ulcers, and oral lesions associated with Kawasaki-like diseases (erythema, bleeding of lips, "strawberry tongue"). The higher expression of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the oral cavity and in endothelial cells might be responsible for oral manifestation and the major report of signs and symptoms in the occidental countries. CONCLUSIONS Detecting oral signs and symptoms of COVID-19 could be useful to perform a better preliminary triage in dental setting, and in recognizing possible early manifestations of the disease. However, considering the outbreak of COVID-19 and the consequent difficulty of undergoing oral examinations, the oral manifestations might be misdiagnosed; then, we would encourage oral professionals to perform other studies about this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Capocasale
- Section of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and GynaecologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Riccardo Nocini
- Section of Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and PediatricsUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Paolo Faccioni
- Section of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and GynaecologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Dario Donadello
- Section of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and GynaecologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Dario Bertossi
- Section of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and GynaecologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Massimo Albanese
- Section of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and GynaecologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Francesca Zotti
- Section of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and GynaecologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arji G, Ahmadi H, Nilashi M, A Rashid T, Hassan Ahmed O, Aljojo N, Zainol A. Fuzzy logic approach for infectious disease diagnosis: A methodical evaluation, literature and classification. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2019; 39:937-955. [PMID: 32287711 PMCID: PMC7115764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a systematic review of the literature and the classification of fuzzy logic application in an infectious disease. Although the emergence of infectious diseases and their subsequent spread have a significant impact on global health and economics, a comprehensive literature evaluation of this topic has yet to be carried out. Thus, the current study encompasses the first systematic, identifiable and comprehensive academic literature evaluation and classification of the fuzzy logic methods in infectious diseases. 40 papers on this topic, which have been published from 2005 to 2019 and related to the human infectious diseases were evaluated and analyzed. The findings of this evaluation clearly show that the fuzzy logic methods are vastly used for diagnosis of diseases such as dengue fever, hepatitis and tuberculosis. The key fuzzy logic methods used for the infectious disease are the fuzzy inference system; the rule-based fuzzy logic, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and fuzzy cognitive map. Furthermore, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve were universally applied for a performance evaluation of the fuzzy logic techniques. This thesis will also address the various needs between the different industries, practitioners and researchers to encourage more research regarding the more overlooked areas, and it will conclude with several suggestions for the future infectious disease researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goli Arji
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Health Information Technology Department, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mehrbakhsh Nilashi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tarik A Rashid
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Omed Hassan Ahmed
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- University of Human Development, College of Science and Technology, Department of Information Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Nahla Aljojo
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, Department of Information Systems and Technology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azida Zainol
- Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khiyani MF, Ahmadi M, Barbeau J, Feine JS, de Souza RF, Siqueira WL, Emami E. Salivary Biomarkers in Denture Stomatitis: A Systematic Review. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 4:312-322. [PMID: 30931724 DOI: 10.1177/2380084419830941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Denture stomatitis (DS) is an oral biofilm-associated inflammation of the denture-bearing mucosa. The objective of this review was to identify and evaluate the quality of evidence on the association between the levels of salivary biomarkers and DS among adults with and without palatal DS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials were searched for eligible studies from the beginning of the archives until December 2018. Experimental and observational studies with adult participants were included that had a control group or subgroup analysis and provided data on salivary biomarkers and DS. Articles in languages other than English or French were excluded. The level of evidence and grades of recommendation were established with the 2011 scale of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Additionally, the assessment of methodological quality was conducted with the STROBE statement (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) and graded according to the Olmos scale. RESULTS From 1,008 citations, 9 studies were included in the systematic review (8 observational, 1 clinical trial). Seven studies suggested a statistically significant difference in the levels of salivary cytokines (IL-6, CCL3, TGF-β, CXCL8, GM-CSF, and TNF-α) between participants with DS and controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, 2 studies concluded that the difference in the levels of several salivary cytokines (IL2, IL12, IFN-g, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and ICAM-1) between the groups was not statistically significant. The level of evidence for the majority of studies was 3, while the grade of recommendation for all the studies was B, interpreted as "favorable." In terms of methodological quality, most studies met 50% to 80% of STROBE criteria and were graded B. CONCLUSION Palatal inflammation in DS is significantly associated with the levels of salivary cytokines. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this study identified altered levels of specific salivary biomarkers associated with denture stomatitis, which may aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Khiyani
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Ahmadi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Barbeau
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J S Feine
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R F de Souza
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - W L Siqueira
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - E Emami
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kryvtsova MV. MICROSCOPIC CANDIDA GENUS FUNGI IN THE STRUCTURE OF MICROBIAL ASSOCIATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS AND THEIR SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS AND ESSENTIAL OILS. BULLETIN OF PROBLEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.29254/2077-4214-2019-1-2-149-263-266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
Mirmortazavi A, Rajati Haghi H, Fata A, Zarrinfar H, Bagheri H, Mehranfard A. Kinetics of antifungal activity of home-generated ozonated water on Candida albicans. Curr Med Mycol 2018; 4:27-31. [PMID: 30324154 PMCID: PMC6181063 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.4.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Candida-associated denture stomatitis is one of the most common forms of oral candidiasis among denture wearers. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal effects of home-generated ozonated water on the adhesion of the C. albicans attached to the surface of the denture base acrylic resins. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, different concentrations of C. albicans were added to the tubes containing acrylic resin blocks, and then incubated for 2 h at 35°C. The samples were assigned into three groups, each of which contained 42 samples, including normal saline (NS) solution as the negative control, nystatin (N) solution as the positive control, and ozonated water as the test group. The samples were washed and placed in an ultrasonic bath. Subsequently, the saline solution was cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The concentrations of Candida were evaluated during the contact times. Results: The test group (i.e., ozonated water) with 114 colony-forming units (CFU) showed a significant reduction of Candida colonies, compared to the NS group with 2,172 CFU. The 120- and 1-minute incubation with ozonated water showed the highest and lowest effects on the viability of Candida adhered to the acrylic resin, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the findings, home-generated ozonated water can be applied to remove the Candida attached to the surface of the denture plates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirtaher Mirmortazavi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Rajati Haghi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Fata
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Bagheri
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mehranfard
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Albano D, Patti C, Matranga D, Lagalla R, Midiri M, Galia M. Whole-body diffusion-weighted MR and FDG-PET/CT in Hodgkin Lymphoma: Predictive role before treatment and early assessment after two courses of ABVD. Eur J Radiol 2018; 103:90-98. [PMID: 29803392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether imaging features of pathologic lymph nodes on whole-body diffusion-weighted MR have a predictive role before treatment and may assess the response after two courses of chemotherapy in comparison to FDG-PET/CT in Hodgkin Lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the whole-body MR and FDG-PET/CT performed on 41 patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma before and after two Doxorubicin-Bleomycin-Vinblastine-Dacarbazine (ABVD). Responder and non-responder lesions were identified on interim-FDG-PET/CT performed after two ABVD. We used Multivariate Generalized Estimating Equations model to assess statistical association between being-responder and baseline-Maximum Standard Uptake Value (SUVmax), baseline and interim-Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) and size, ADC and size changes during chemotherapy, site of disease, bulky, and stage. RESULTS 10/41 (24%) patients were positive on interim-FDG-PET/CT. The interim-FDG-PET/CT positivity was associated with worse cumulative survival rate at 24 months in comparison to interim-FDG-PET/CT negativity (P < .05); 3/10 patients with positive interim-FDG-PET/CT and 1/31 with negative interim-FDG-PET/CT experienced disease progression. Baseline-SUVmax was 11.18 ± 5.58 (3.1-28.0) and baseline-ADC was 0.70 ± 0.14 × 10-3 mm2/s (0.39-0.98). There was a significant difference between responder and non-responder lesions based on interim-ADC (1.83 ± 0.34 × 10-3 mm2/s vs. 1.01 ± 0.27 × 10-3 mm2/s;p <.001), interim-size (3.1 cm2 vs. 9.4 cm2;p = .009), and bulky (8.2% vs. 66.7%;p = .002). There was no significant difference between responder and non-responder lesions based on baseline-SUVmax (p = .713), baseline-ADC (p = .253), ADC changes (p = .058), size changes (p = .085), site (p = .209), stage (p = .290), baseline-size (p = .064). CONCLUSIONS Interim-ADC is helpful for identifying non-responder lesions, while size changes are not useful. Baseline-SUVmax and ADC have no predictive role. Bulky is the most useful imaging parameter to predict suboptimal response to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Albano
- Department of Radiology, Di.Bi.Med, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Caterina Patti
- Department of Hematology I, Azienda Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Viale Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Domenica Matranga
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Roberto Lagalla
- Department of Radiology, Di.Bi.Med, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Massimo Midiri
- Department of Radiology, Di.Bi.Med, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Massimo Galia
- Department of Radiology, Di.Bi.Med, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
James KM, MacDonald KW, Chanyi RM, Cadieux PA, Burton JP. Inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm formation and modulation of gene expression by probiotic cells and supernatant. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:328-336. [PMID: 26847045 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is a disease caused by opportunistic species of Candida that normally reside on human mucosal surfaces. The transition of Candida from budding yeast to filamentous hyphae allows for covalent attachment to oral epithelial cells, followed by biofilm formation, invasion and tissue damage. In this study, combinations of Lactobacillus plantarum SD5870, Lactobacillus helveticus CBS N116411 and Streptococcus salivarius DSM 14685 were assessed for their ability to inhibit the formation of and disrupt Candida albicans biofilms. Co-incubation with probiotic supernatants under hyphae-inducing conditions reduced C. albicans biofilm formation by >75 % in all treatment groups. Likewise, combinations of live probiotics reduced biofilm formation of C. albicans by >67 %. When live probiotics or their supernatants were overlaid on preformed C. albicans biofilms, biofilm size was reduced by >63 and >65 % respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that the combined supernatants of SD5870 and CBS N116411 significantly reduced the expression of several C. albicans genes involved in the yeast-hyphae transition: ALS3 (adhesin/invasin) by 70 % (P < 0.0001), EFG1 (hyphae-specific gene activator) by 47 % (P = 0.0061), SAP5 (secreted protease) by 49 % (P < 0.0001) and HWP1 (hyphal wall protein critical to biofilm formation) by >99 % (P < 0.0001). These findings suggest the combination of L. plantarum SD5870, L. helveticus CBS N116411 and S. salivarius DSM 14685 is effective at both preventing the formation of and removing preformed C. albicans biofilms. Our novel results point to the downregulation of several Candida genes critical to the yeast-hyphae transition, biofilm formation, tissue invasion and cellular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M James
- Fanshawe College, London, Ontario, Canada.,Integra Medical Inc., Stiller Center for Technology Commercialization, Western University Research Park, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - K W MacDonald
- Integra Medical Inc., Stiller Center for Technology Commercialization, Western University Research Park, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - R M Chanyi
- Fanshawe College, London, Ontario, Canada.,Integra Medical Inc., Stiller Center for Technology Commercialization, Western University Research Park, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - P A Cadieux
- Fanshawe College, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J P Burton
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Salvatori O, Puri S, Tati S, Edgerton M. Innate Immunity and Saliva in Candida albicans-mediated Oral Diseases. J Dent Res 2016; 95:365-71. [PMID: 26747422 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515625222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a unique niche where Candida albicans infections occur in immunocompetent as well as immunosuppressed individuals. Here we critically review the significance of human innate immune response in preventing oral candidiasis. One important line of defense against oropharyngeal candidiasis is the oral microbiota that prevents infection by competing for space and nutrients as well as by secreting antagonistic molecules and triggering local inflammatory responses. C. albicans is able to induce mucosal defenses through activation of immune cells and production of cytokines. Also, saliva contains various proteins that affect C. albicans growth positively by promoting mucosal adherence and negatively through immune exclusion and direct fungicidal activity. We further discuss the role of saliva in unifying host innate immune defenses against C. albicans as a communicating medium and how C. albicans overgrowth in the oral cavity may be a result of aberrations ranging from microbial dysbiosis and salivary dysfunction to epithelial damage. Last we underscore select oral diseases in which C. albicans is a contributory microorganism in immune-competent individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Salvatori
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S Puri
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S Tati
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Edgerton
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lynge Pedersen AM, Nauntofte B, Smidt D, Torpet LA. Oral mucosal lesions in older people: relation to salivary secretion, systemic diseases and medications. Oral Dis 2015; 21:721-9. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AM Lynge Pedersen
- Section of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology and Anatomy; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Ageing; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Gerodontological Research Center; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - B Nauntofte
- Section of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology and Anatomy; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Ageing; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Gerodontological Research Center; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - D Smidt
- Section of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology and Anatomy; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Gerodontological Research Center; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - LA Torpet
- Section of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology and Anatomy; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Gerodontological Research Center; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang YC, Chu CL, Ho CS, Lan SJ, Chen WY, Liang YW, Hsieh YP. Factors affecting institutionalized older peoples' self-perceived dry mouth. Qual Life Res 2014; 24:685-91. [PMID: 25150709 PMCID: PMC4349962 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting institutionalized older peoples’ self-perceived dry mouth. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on elderly residents at 22 long-term care facilities. A total of 165 questionnaires were returned from 13 senior citizen welfare institutions (SCWIs) and nine nursing homes. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data obtained. Results The results showed that the type of long-term care (LTC) facility, regular oral examinations, wearing dentures, and the ability to chew sticky foods affected self-perceived dry mouth. This study determined an association between the type of LTC facility where the participants lived and self-perceived dry mouth. Conclusions The results indicated the importance of providing oral care in order to improve and prevent dry mouth among institutionalized older people living in SCWIs who do not undergo regular oral examinations, wear dentures, and have difficulty chewing sticky foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chia Huang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Costa ACBP, Pereira CA, Junqueira JC, Jorge AOC. Recent mouse and rat methods for the study of experimental oral candidiasis. Virulence 2013; 4:391-9. [PMID: 23715031 PMCID: PMC3714131 DOI: 10.4161/viru.25199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Candida genus expresses virulence factors that, when combined with immunosuppression and other risk factors, can cause different manifestations of oral candidiasis. The treatment of mucosal infections caused by Candida and the elucidation of the disease process have proven challenging. Therefore, the study of experimentally induced oral candidiasis in rats and mice is useful to clarify the etiopathology of this condition, improve diagnosis, and search for new therapeutic options because the disease process in these animals is similar to that of human candidiasis lesions. Here, we describe and discuss new studies involving rat and mouse models of oral candidiasis with respect to methods for inducing experimental infection, methods for evaluating the development of experimental candidiasis, and new treatment strategies for oral candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C B P Costa
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms; Hans-Knoell-Institute; Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Altarawneh S, Bencharit S, Mendoza L, Curran A, Barrow D, Barros S, Preisser J, Loewy ZG, Gendreau L, Offenbacher S. Clinical and histological findings of denture stomatitis as related to intraoral colonization patterns of Candida albicans, salivary flow, and dry mouth. J Prosthodont 2012; 22:13-22. [PMID: 23107189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2012.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Multifactorial etiological factors contribute to denture stomatitis (DS), a type of oral candidiasis; however, unlike other oral candidiasis, DS can occur in a healthy person wearing a denture. In this study, we therefore attempt to explore the association between candida, denture, and mucosal tissue using (1) exfoliative cytology, (2) the candidal levels present in saliva, on mucosal tissues and on denture surfaces, and (3) the salivary flow rate and xerostomic symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study enrolled 32 edentulous participants, 17 without DS as controls and 15 with DS (Newton's classification type II and III). Participants with systemic or other known oral conditions were excluded. Participants completed a xerostomia questionnaire, and salivary flow rates were measured. Samples of unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS) were collected. UWS was used for fungal culturing. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain and quantitative exfoliative cytology were performed on samples from affected and unaffected mucosa from each participant. Levels of Candida species (albicans and non-albicans) were determined in salivary samples (expressed as colony-forming units, CFU), as well as from swab samples obtained from denture fitting surfaces, in addition to affected and unaffected mucosa. RESULTS There were no significant differences in salivary flow rates, mucosal wetness, or frequency of reported dry mouth comparing participants with and without DS. Exfoliative cytology of mucosal smears demonstrated significantly higher (p= 0.02) inflammatory cell counts in DS patients, as compared with smears of healthy denture-wearers. Candida albicans was significantly more prevalent in saliva (p= 0.03) and on denture surfaces (p= 0.002) of DS participants, whereas mucosal candidal counts and the presence of cytological hyphae did not show significant difference comparing DS to healthy participants. CONCLUSIONS In this investigation, we presented a unique group of healthy edentulous patients. This population may reflect the general DS population without systemic or other oral diseases. The prominent etiological factor for DS in this population is the presence of candida in denture and saliva. We found that other factors such as saliva flow/xerostomia, fitting of the denture, and the presence of candida in the mucosa, are less important in this population. Therefore, DS treatments in healthy patients should first focus on sanitization of an existing denture and/or fabrication of a new denture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Altarawneh
- Department of Prosthdontics, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hsu CY, Huang LC, Chen TM, Chen LF, Chao JCJ. A web-based decision support system for dietary analysis and recommendations. Telemed J E Health 2011; 17:68-75. [PMID: 21385024 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2010.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because of lack of integrated databases for Chinese menus and the need for nutrition information by dietitians in Taiwan, we developed a Web-based platform for dietary analysis and recommendations. METHODS The fuzzy decision model was utilized to develop a Web-based support system that searches food composition databases, calculates dietary intake, and provides the guidance for decision making in nutrition counseling. RESULTS The online support system generated menu- or food-based recommendations using a fuzzy decision model. The homogeneity of food composition between five selected menus generated by the fuzzy decision model in a randomly selective case was strongly correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.31-0.99. The correlation coefficients were 0.42-0.45 and 0.13-0.44 between food composition of five most correlated menus or five selected menus generated by the fuzzy decision model and nutrient requirements computed by the fuzzy decision model, respectively. The most correlated menus and the menus generated by the fuzzy decision model were also similar. CONCLUSIONS The recommended menus generated by the fuzzy decision model are considerably reliable and valid, and the online support system for dietary analysis and recommendations can provide a Web-based and decision-making tool for dietitians in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yeh Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Informatics, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Williams DW, Kuriyama T, Silva S, Malic S, Lewis MAO. Candida biofilms and oral candidosis: treatment and prevention. Periodontol 2000 2011; 55:250-65. [PMID: 21134239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
19
|
Williams D, Lewis M. Pathogenesis and treatment of oral candidosis. J Oral Microbiol 2011; 3. [PMID: 21547018 PMCID: PMC3087208 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v3i0.5771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral infections caused by yeast of the genus Candida and particularly Candida albicans (oral candidoses) have been recognised throughout recorded history. However, since the 1980s a clear surge of interest and associated research into these infections have occurred. This has largely been due to an increased incidence of oral candidosis over this period, primarily because of the escalation in HIV-infection and the AIDS epidemic. In addition, changes in medical practice leading to a greater use of invasive clinical procedures and a more widespread use of immunosuppressive therapies have also contributed to the problem. Whilst oral candidosis has previously been considered to be a disease mainly of the elderly and very young, its occurrence throughout the general population is now recognised. Candida are true ‘opportunistic pathogens’ and only instigate oral infection when there is an underlying predisposing condition in the host. Treatment of these infections has continued (and in some regards continues) to be problematic because of the potential toxicity of traditional antifungal agents against host cells. The problem has been compounded by the emergence of Candida species other than C. albicans that have inherent resistance against traditional antifungals. The aim of this review is to give the reader a contemporary overview of oral candidosis, the organisms involved, and the management strategies that are currently employed or could be utilised in the future.
Collapse
|
20
|
Pontes HAR, Paiva HB, de Freitas Silva BS, Fonseca FP, da Silva FBM, Pontes FSC, dos Santos Pinto D. Oral candidiasis mimicking an oral squamous cell carcinoma: report of a case. Gerodontology 2010; 29:70-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2010.00371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|