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Altamura S, Pietropaoli D, Lombardi F, Del Pinto R, Ferri C. An Overview of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology: The Impact of Gut Dysbiosis and Oral Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3033. [PMID: 38002033 PMCID: PMC10669155 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a severe condition and a significant public health issue worldwide, carrying the burden of an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. The traditional factors that promote the onset and progression of CKD are cardiometabolic risk factors like hypertension and diabetes, but non-traditional contributors are escalating. Moreover, gut dysbiosis, inflammation, and an impaired immune response are emerging as crucial mechanisms in the disease pathology. The gut microbiome and kidney disease exert a reciprocal influence commonly referred to as "the gut-kidney axis" through the induction of metabolic, immunological, and endocrine alterations. Periodontal diseases are strictly involved in the gut-kidney axis for their impact on the gut microbiota composition and for the metabolic and immunological alterations occurring in and reciprocally affecting both conditions. This review aims to provide an overview of the dynamic biological interconnections between oral health status, gut, and renal pathophysiology, spotlighting the dynamic oral-gut-kidney axis and raising whether periodontal diseases and gut microbiota can be disease modifiers in CKD. By doing so, we try to offer new insights into therapeutic strategies that may enhance the clinical trajectory of CKD patients, ultimately advancing our quest for improved patient outcomes and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Altamura
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (D.P.); (C.F.)
- PhD School in Medicine and Public Health, Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research—Dental Clinic, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (D.P.); (C.F.)
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research—Dental Clinic, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunopathology, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (D.P.); (C.F.)
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (D.P.); (C.F.)
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Mahendra J, Palathingal P, Mahendra L, Alzahrani KJ, Banjer HJ, Alsharif KF, Halawani IF, Muralidharan J, Annamalai PT, Verma SS, Sharma V, Varadarajan S, Bhandi S, Patil S. Impact of Red Complex Bacteria and TNF-α Levels on the Diabetic and Renal Status of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Presence and Absence of Periodontitis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:451. [PMID: 35336824 PMCID: PMC8945045 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Scientific evidence shows a positive association in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various confounding factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and inflammation, also play a significant role in the progression of CKD, which remains unexplored. We hypothesise the role of red complex bacteria with various confounding factors associated with chronic kidney disease. The study comprised a total of 120 participants categorised into 4 groups: the control group (C), periodontitis subjects without CKD (P), periodontally healthy chronic kidney disease subjects (CKD), and subjects having both periodontitis and CKD (P + CKD), with 30 subjects in each group. Demographic variables, and periodontal, renal, and diabetic parameters were recorded. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and those of red complex bacteria such as Prophyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Treponema denticola (T.d), and Tonerella forsythia (T.f) were assessed, and the obtained results were statistically analysed. Among the various demographic variables, age showed a level of significance. Mean PI, GI, CAL, and PPD (the proportion of sites with PPD ≥ 5 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm) were elevated in the P + CKD group. Diabetic parameters such as fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c levels were also greater in the P + CKD group. Renal parameters such as eGFR and serum creatinine levels were greater in CKD patients. The estimation of red complex periodontal pathogens such as Pg, Td and Tf levels were significantly greater in the P and P + CKD groups. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlation of red complex bacteria with all variables. Greater levels of P.g, T.d and T.f were found in the P groups, thus indicating their important role in the initiation and progression of inflammation of periodontitis and CKD, with diabetes as one of the confounding factors. The study also confirmed a log-linear relationship between TNF-α levels and red complex bacteria, thereby demonstrating the role of inflammatory biomarkers in periodontal disease progression that could contribute to the development of systemic inflammation such as CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Greater Education and Research, Chennai 600095, India;
| | - Plato Palathingal
- Department of Periodontics, PSM College of Dental Science and Research, Thrissur 680519, India;
| | - Little Mahendra
- Department of Periodontics, Dean, Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University, Dubai 122002, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.); (K.F.A.); (I.F.H.)
| | - Hamsa Jameel Banjer
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.); (K.F.A.); (I.F.H.)
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.); (K.F.A.); (I.F.H.)
| | - Ibrahim Faisal Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.); (K.F.A.); (I.F.H.)
| | - Janani Muralidharan
- Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Greater Education and Research, Chennai 600095, India;
| | | | - Shyam Sankar Verma
- Department of Nephrology, Jubilee Medical College Hospital, Thrissur 680005, India;
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Periodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh 114141, India;
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India;
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
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Ribeiro AB, da Silva TM, Santos-Júnior NN, Castania JA, Fazan R, Salgado HC. Short-term effect of ligature-induced periodontitis on cardiovascular variability and inflammatory response in spontaneously hypertensive rats. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:515. [PMID: 34635094 PMCID: PMC8507371 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that periodontal disease (PD) induces high arterial pressure variability (APV) consistent with sympathetic overactivity and elicits myocardial inflammation in Balb/c mice. However, it is unknown whether PD can change APV and heart rate variability (HRV) in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. This study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic level, HRV, and APV associating with myocardial inflammation and plasma concentrations of oxide nitric (NO) in SHR and WKY rats with PD. METHODS Three weeks after bilateral ligation of the first mandibular molar, or Sham operation, the rats received catheters into the femoral artery and had their arterial pressure (AP) recorded the following day. Subsequently, plasma, heart, and jaw were collected. The NO was quantified by the chemiluminescence method in plasma, and the myocardial IL-1β concentrations were evaluated by ELISA. In the jaw was evaluated linear alveolar bone loss induced by PD. RESULTS The linear alveolar bone loss in jaws of SHR with PD was higher than in all other groups. AP and heart rate were higher in SHR than in their WKY counterparts. SHR with PD showed lower AP than control SHR. HRV and APV were different between SHR and WKY rats; however, no differences in these parameters were found between the animals with PD and their control counterparts. Plasma NO and myocardial IL-1β concentrations were higher in SHR with PD as compared to control WKY. A significant correlation was found between linear alveolar bone loss and plasma NO and myocardial IL-1β concentrations. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that short-term PD lowered the AP in SHR, which might be due to the higher levels of plasma NO. Even though PD did not affect either HRV or APV, it did induce myocardial inflammation, which can determine cardiovascular dysfunction in long-term PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Barbosa Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Thais Marques da Silva
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Nilton Nascimento Santos-Júnior
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jaci Airton Castania
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rubens Fazan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Helio Cesar Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Salata GC, Malagó ID, Carvalho Dartora VFM, Marçal Pessoa AF, Fantini MCDA, Costa SKP, Machado-Neto JA, Lopes LB. Microemulsion for Prolonged Release of Fenretinide in the Mammary Tissue and Prevention of Breast Cancer Development. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3401-3417. [PMID: 34482696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The need of pharmacological strategies to preclude breast cancer development motivated us to develop a non-aqueous microemulsion (ME) capable of forming a depot after administration in the mammary tissue and uptake of interstitial fluids for prolonged release of the retinoid fenretinide. The selected ME was composed of phosphatidylcholine/tricaprylin/propylene glycol (45:5:50, w/w/w) and presented a droplet diameter of 175.3 ± 8.9 nm. Upon water uptake, the ME transformed successively into a lamellar phase, gel, and a lamellar phase-containing emulsion in vitro as the water content increased and released 30% of fenretinide in vitro after 9 days. Consistent with the slow release, the ME formed a depot in cell cultures and increased fenretinide IC50 values by 68.3- and 13.2-fold in MCF-7 and T-47D cells compared to a solution, respectively. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, the ME reduced T-47D cell migration by 75.9% and spheroid growth, resulting in ∼30% smaller structures. The depot formed in vivo prolonged a fluorochrome release for 30 days without producing any sings of local irritation. In a preclinical model of chemically induced carcinogenesis, ME administration every 3 weeks for 3 months significantly reduced (4.7-fold) the incidence of breast tumors and increased type II collagen expression, which might contribute to limit spreading. These promising results support the potential ME applicability as a preventive therapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Cassone Salata
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Isabella D Malagó
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa F M Carvalho Dartora
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa
- Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM26, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, Brazil
| | - Márcia Carvalho de Abreu Fantini
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1371, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Soraia K P Costa
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana B Lopes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Li L, Zhang YL, Liu XY, Meng X, Zhao RQ, Ou LL, Li BZ, Xing T. Periodontitis Exacerbates and Promotes the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease Through Oral Flora, Cytokines, and Oxidative Stress. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:656372. [PMID: 34211440 PMCID: PMC8238692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a type of systemic immune inflammation that is caused by the complex infection of a variety of microorganisms in the subgingival plaque and the imbalance of the microbial ecological environment in the mouth. Periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share many risk factors, such as obesity, smoking, and age. A growing body of data supports a strong correlation between periodontitis and kidney disease. Evidence supports the role of periodontal inflammation and elevated serum inflammatory mediators in renal atherosclerosis, renal deterioration, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) development. Periodontitis is a risk factor for kidney disease. However, to our knowledge, there are few studies detailing the possible link between periodontitis and CKD. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms underlying periodontitis and CKD. More importantly, it highlights novel and potential pathogenic factors for CKD, including bacteria, pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. However, most research on the relationship between periodontitis and systemic disease has not determined causality, and these diseases are largely linked by bidirectional associations. Future research will focus on exploring these links to contribute to new treatments for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rong-Quan Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin-Lin Ou
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Xing
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Moro MG, Oliveira MDS, Santana MM, de Jesus FN, Feitosa K, Teixeira SA, Franco GCN, Spolidorio LC, Muscará MN, Holzhausen M. Leukotriene receptor antagonist reduces inflammation and alveolar bone loss in a rat model of experimental periodontitis. J Periodontol 2021; 92:e84-e93. [PMID: 33491771 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotrienes (LTs) participate in the process of tissue damage in periodontal disease by leukocyte chemotaxis and osteoclastic activation. The activation of Cysteinyl-LT receptor is associated with increased expression of proinflammatory molecules and osteoclastogenesis. However, its implications on periodontal disease progression have not been studied. The present study evaluated the effect of the cysteinyl-LT receptor antagonist (montelukast [MT]) on ligature-induced experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to bilateral ligature-induced periodontitis and orally treated with MT (at doses of 10 or 30 mg/kg/d, MT10, and MT30, respectively). Sham animals had the ligatures immediately removed and received placebo treatment. Sets of animals were euthanized 7, 14, or 21 days after ligature placement and the mandibles were removed for macroscopic evaluation of alveolar bone loss (ABL). In addition, histological analysis of periodontal tissues, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of gingival tissues, and periodontal tissue expression of collagen type I, RUNX2, RANK, RANKL, OPG, BLT1, Cys-LTR1, LTA4H, and LTC4S were also analyzed. RESULTS MT significantly reduced ABL at 14 (MT10 and MT30) and 21 days (MT10) (P < 0.05), gingival MPO at 7 (MT10) and 14 days (MT30) (P < 0.05), LTA4H, BLT1 and LTC4S gene expression on day 14 day (MT30, P < 0.05) and increased RUNX2 expression on day 14 (MT30, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Systemic therapy with MT decreases periodontal inflammation and ABL in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella G Moro
- Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia D S Oliveira
- Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria M Santana
- Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia N de Jesus
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Feitosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone A Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson C N Franco
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Spolidorio
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marinella Holzhausen
- Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kuka GI, Gursoy H, Emekli-Alturfan E, Ustundag UV, Kuru B. Evaluation of nitric oxide levels in chronic periodontitis patients treated with initial periodontal therapy and probiotic food supplements: a double blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1632740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ince Kuka
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hare Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Unsal Veli Ustundag
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Kuru
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Göktürk Ö, Uçan Yarkaç F, Oğrum A. Evaluation of the association between psoriasis and periodontal status. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA TURCICA 2019. [DOI: 10.17214/gaziaot.481136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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9
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Suzuki JI, Sato H, Kaneko M, Yoshida A, Aoyama N, Akimoto S, Wakayama K, Kumagai H, Ikeda Y, Akazawa H, Izumi Y, Isobe M, Komuro I. Periodontitis and myocardial hypertrophy. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:324-328. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Campi P, Herrera BS, de Jesus FN, Napolitano M, Teixeira SA, Maia-Dantas A, Spolidorio LC, Akamine EH, Mayer MPA, de Carvalho MHC, Costa SKP, Muscara MN. Endothelial dysfunction in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis: Participation of nitric oxide and cycloxygenase-2-derived products. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 63:66-74. [PMID: 26691575 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Considering the evident relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases in humans, we aimed to study the in vitro vascular reactivity of aorta rings prepared from rats with ligature-induced periodontitis. METHODS Seven days after the induction of unilateral periodontitis, the animals were euthanised; rings were prepared from the descending abdominal aortas and mounted in tissue baths for the in vitro measurement of the isometric force responses to norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh), as well as in the presence of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cycloxygenase (COX) isoenzymes. Aortic COX and NOS gene expressions were analysed by RT-PCR, as well as protein COX-2 expression by Western blot. RESULTS Periodontitis resulted in significant alveolar bone loss and did not affect arterial pressure. However, both NE-induced contraction and ACh-induced relaxation were significantly decreased and related to the presence of endothelium. Diminished eNOS and augmented COX-2 and iNOS expressions were found in the aortas from rats with periodontitis, and the pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 or iNOS improved the observed vasomotor deficiencies. CONCLUSIONS We can thus conclude that periodontitis induces significant endothelial dysfunction in rat aorta which is characterized by decreased eNOS expression and mediated by upregulated iNOS and COX-2 products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Campi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Schneider Herrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia Neto de Jesus
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro Napolitano
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Aparecida Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Maia-Dantas
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana Hiromi Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Soraia Katia Pereira Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Nicolas Muscara
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Herrera BS, Coimbra LS, da Silva AR, Teixeira SA, Costa SKP, Wallace JL, Spolidorio LC, Muscara MN. The H2S-releasing naproxen derivative, ATB-346, inhibits alveolar bone loss and inflammation in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis. Med Gas Res 2015; 5:4. [PMID: 25755876 PMCID: PMC4353461 DOI: 10.1186/s13618-015-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In experimental periodontitis, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) effectively inhibit the resultant alveolar bone loss. However, their deleterious gastric effects, observed in both animals and humans, dramatically limit their long-term use. It has been proven that the addition of a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing moiety to classical NSAID structures results in antiinflammatory compounds with improved gastric safeness. In this way, we decided to compare the effects of naproxen with its H2S-releasing derivative ATB-346 on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. METHODS Male Holtzman rats had a cotton ligature placed subgingivally around the lower right first molar during 7 days. During this period, groups of animals were daily treated with Na2S (a spontaneous H2S donor) or equimolar oral doses of naproxen (10 mg/kg) or ATB-346 (16 mg/kg). The mandibles were finally collected for histological analysis, radiographical measurements of alveolar bone loss and micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were quantified in gingiva samples, and the stomachs were also collected for scoring of tissue damage and measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO, a marker of granulocyte infiltration). RESULTS Ligature-induced bone loss was significantly inhibited by all the treatments, although only ATB-346 treatment resulted in significant inhibition of bone defect and other histological characteristics (such as flatness of the gingival epithelium, chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and loss of connective tissue in the gingival papillae). Both naproxen and ATB-346 inhibited the increase of gingival IL-1β and IL-6 secondary to periodontitis, but IL-10 was unaffected. Significant damage and increased MPO contents were only found in the stomachs of the naproxen-treated animals. CONCLUSION The H2S-releasing moiety in the ATB-346 compound not only does not impair the effects of the parent naproxen on periodontitis, but also improves bone quality and prevents the gastric mucosa damage due to prostaglandin inhibition, thus configuring a potentially new adjuvant therapy for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Schneider Herrera
- />Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
- />Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - Leila Santana Coimbra
- />Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - Agatha Ribeiro da Silva
- />Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Simone Aparecida Teixeira
- />Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Soraia Katia Pereira Costa
- />Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - John Lawrence Wallace
- />Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Luis Carlos Spolidorio
- />Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - Marcelo Nicolas Muscara
- />Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
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12
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Sharma A, Raman A, Pradeep AR. Association of chronic periodontitis and psoriasis: periodontal status with severity of psoriasis. Oral Dis 2014; 21:314-9. [PMID: 24989645 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The chronic periodontitis (CP) and psoriasis share common risk factors and co-morbidities. This study was designed to explore how frequently CP is associated with patients with psoriasis compared to systemic healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The periodontal clinical parameters probing depth (PD), periodontal attachment level (PAL), and presence or absence of radiographic bone loss (J Periodontol, 78, 2007, 1387) were recorded in 33 psoriasis subjects and 35 healthy subjects. The severity of psoriasis was assessed and recorded by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index as described earlier by Cohen et al (J Dermatolog Treat, 16, 2005, 308). The other oral health characteristics were also recorded. RESULTS Probing depth and PAL showed significant higher values in psoriasis group compared with healthy group. It was also found that periodontal status was associated with severity of psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a link between CP and psoriasis. This suggests the need for a multidisciplinary approach to manage psoriasis patients with chronic periodontitis, especially in relation to current and future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Department of Dentistry, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Bariatu, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Leong XF, Ng CY, Badiah B, Das S. Association between hypertension and periodontitis: possible mechanisms. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:768237. [PMID: 24526921 PMCID: PMC3910336 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is to examine the current literatures on the relationship between periodontitis and hypertension as well as to explore the possible biological pathways underlying the linkage between these health conditions. Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are among the critical components in the development of hypertension. Inflammation has received much attention recently and may contribute to a pivotal role in hypertension. Periodontitis, a chronic low-grade inflammation of gingival tissue, has been linked to endothelial dysfunction, with blood pressure elevation and increased mortality risk in hypertensive patients. Inflammatory biomarkers are increased in hypertensive patients with periodontitis. Over the years, various researches have been performed to evaluate the involvement of periodontitis in the initiation and progression of hypertension. Many cross-sectional studies documented an association between hypertension and periodontitis. However, more well-designed prospective population trials need to be carried out to ascertain the role of periodontitis in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fang Leong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Yi Ng
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Baharin Badiah
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Machado WM, Prestes AP, Costa TP, Mendes RT, Olchanheski LR, Sordi R, Otuki MF, Fávero GM, Vellosa JCR, Santos FA, Fernandes D. The effect of simvastatin on systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction induced by periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:634-41. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. M. Machado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
| | - A. P. Prestes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
| | - T. P. Costa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
| | - R. T. Mendes
- Department of Dentistry; Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
| | - L. R. Olchanheski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
| | - R. Sordi
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - M. F. Otuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
| | - G. M. Fávero
- Department of General Biology; Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
| | - J. C. R. Vellosa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis; Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
| | - F. A. Santos
- Department of Dentistry; Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
| | - D. Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
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15
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Ekundi-Valentim E, Mesquita FP, Santos KT, de Paula MAV, Florenzano J, Zanoni CI, Rodrigues L, de Nucci G, Teixeira SA, Ferreira HH, Wallace JL, Costa SK, Muscará MN. A comparative study on the anti-inflammatory effects of single oral doses of naproxen and its hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing derivative ATB-346 in rats with carrageenan-induced synovitis. Med Gas Res 2013; 3:24. [PMID: 24237604 PMCID: PMC3843537 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-3-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed agents for arthritic patients, although gastric effects limit their long-term use. Considering the reported gastric safety of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing NSAIDs, in addition to the anti-inflammatory effects of H2S administration to rats with synovitis, we decided to evaluate the effects of the H2S-releasing naproxen derivative ATB-346 in this animal model. METHODS Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with inhalatory halothane and pre-treated with equimolar oral doses of either naproxen (0.3, 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg) or ATB-346 (0.48, 1.6, 4.8, or 16 mg/kg) 30 min before the i.art. injection of 7.5 mg of carrageenan (CGN) into the right knee joint cavity. Joint swelling and pain score were assessed after 1, 3 and 5 h, and tactile allodynia after 2 and 4 h. After the last measurement, the joint cavity lavages were performed for counting of the recruited leukocytes. The drugs (at the highest doses) were also tested for their gastric effects by evaluating macroscopical damage score and neutrophil recruitment (measured as myeloperoxidase - MPO activity) in the stomachs 5 h after administration of the drugs. In addition, the serum naproxen pharmacokinetic profiles of both compounds, administered at the highest equimolar doses, were obtained during the first 6 h after dosing. RESULTS At the two highest tested doses, both naproxen and ATB-346 reduced edema and pain score (measured 3 and 5 h after CGN; P < 0.001). Tactile allodynia was similarly inhibited by ~45% 4 h after CGN by both naproxen (at 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) and ATB-346 (at 1.6 and 4.8 mg/kg; P < 0.001), as well as leukocyte infiltration. Naproxen (but not ATB-346) induced significant gastric damage and, despite the increased gastric MPO activity by ~130% in the naproxen-, but not in the ATB-346-treated rats, this effect was of no statistical significance. CONCLUSION The presence of a H2S-releasing moiety in the ATB-346 structure does not impair the antiinflammatory activity of the parent compound in rats with CGN-induced synovitis. In addition, released H2S may account for the absence of deleterious gastric effects, thus making of ATB-346 a potentially useful therapeutic alternative to traditional naproxen for treatment of patients with arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo N Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av, Prof, Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
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Camargo E, Santana D, Silva C, Teixeira S, Toyama M, Cotrim C, Landucci E, Antunes E, Muscara M, Costa S. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide as a therapeutical target for acute pancreatitis induced by secretory phospholipase A2. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:691-700. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Camargo
- Department of Physiology; Federal University of Sergipe; São Cristóvão Brazil
| | - D.G. Santana
- Department of Physiology; Federal University of Sergipe; São Cristóvão Brazil
| | - C.I. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo (USP); Brazil
| | - S.A. Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo (USP); Brazil
| | - M.H. Toyama
- São Vicente Unit; University of São Paulo State (UNESP); São Vicente Brazil
| | - C. Cotrim
- São Vicente Unit; University of São Paulo State (UNESP); São Vicente Brazil
| | - E.C.T. Landucci
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - E. Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - M.N. Muscara
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo (USP); Brazil
| | - S.K.P. Costa
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo (USP); Brazil
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Herrera BS, Bastos AS, Coimbra LS, Teixeira SA, Rossa C, Van Dyke TE, Muscara MN, Spolidorio LC. Peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes from patients with chronic periodontitis are primed for osteoclast formation. J Periodontol 2013; 85:e72-81. [PMID: 24059638 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During inflammatory periodontal disease, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are attracted to bone and differentiate into active bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs), thus providing evidence that the impact of chronic periodontitis (CP) on the activity of circulating mononuclear cells is of central importance. The authors test the hypothesis that peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes (PBMPs) from patients with CP are activated and more susceptible to differentiation into OCs, which in turn would lead to more intense bone resorption. METHODS In vitro cytokine production by both unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PBMCs from individuals with (n = 10) or without (n = 12) periodontitis was determined by cytokine array. OC differentiation from CD14(+) PBMCs was induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), either alone or in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). PBMC differentiation to OCs was confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining; bone resorbing activity was assessed by using an osteologic plate assay (bone resorption pit formation). RESULTS PBMCs from patients with CP produced tumor necrosis factor-α and higher amounts of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-1rα, CXC motif chemokine 10, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1β than the control cells. OC differentiation was induced by RANKL alone in PBMCs from patients with CP, but not in PBMCs from the healthy controls, which required the addition of M-CSF. In addition, PBMC-derived OCs from patients with CP showed significantly higher resorption activity than that observed in the healthy controls. Also, the circulating concentrations of M-CSF were significantly higher in patients with CP than in the control participants. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that in patients with CP, circulating PBMCs are primed for increased proinflammatory activity and that M-CSF plays a central role in this process by increasing OC formation and the consequent bone resorption activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S Herrera
- Departments of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara Dental School, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
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Nemec A, Verstraete F, Jerin A, Šentjurc M, Kass P, Petelin M, Pavlica Z. Periodontal disease, periodontal treatment and systemic nitric oxide in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:542-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Brito LCW, DalBó S, Striechen TM, Farias JM, Olchanheski LR, Mendes RT, Vellosa JCR, Fávero GM, Sordi R, Assreuy J, Santos FA, Fernandes D. Experimental periodontitis promotes transient vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1187-98. [PMID: 23583017 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the systemic inflammatory response and cardiovascular changes induced by experimental periodontitis in rats. DESIGN Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing a cotton ligature around the cervix of both sides of mandibular first molars and maxillary second molars in each male rat. Sham-operated rats had the ligature removed immediately after the procedure. Seven, 14 or 28 days after procedure, the effects of acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine were evaluated on blood pressure, aortic rings and isolated and perfused mesenteric bed. The blood was obtained for plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid evaluation. The mesenteric vessels were obtained to evaluate superoxide production and nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS-3) expression. RESULTS Ligature induced periodontitis reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction. This effect was associated with an increase in systemic inflammatory markers (IL-6 and CRP), worsens on lipid profile, increased vascular superoxide production and reduced NOS-3 expression. It is interesting to note that many of these effects were transitory. CONCLUSION Periodontitis induced a transient systemic and vascular inflammation which leads to endothelial dysfunction, an initial step for cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the animal model of periodontitis used here may represent a valuable tool for studying the relationship between periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena C W Brito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Herrera BS, Coimbra LS, Bastos AS, Teixeira SA, Steffens JP, Muscara MN, Spolidorio LC. Platelet-rich plasma stimulates cytokine expression and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblast-derived osteosarcoma cells. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1282-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Herrera BS, Martins-Porto R, Maia-Dantas A, Campi P, Spolidorio LC, Costa SKP, Van Dyke TE, Gyurko R, Muscara MN. iNOS-derived nitric oxide stimulates osteoclast activity and alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. J Periodontol 2011; 82:1608-15. [PMID: 21417589 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory stimuli activate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a variety of cell types, including osteoclasts (OC) and osteoblasts, resulting in sustained NO production. In this study, we evaluate the alveolar bone loss in rats with periodontitis under long-term iNOS inhibition, and the differentiation and activity of OC from iNOS-knockout (KO) mice in vitro. METHODS Oral aminoguanidine (an iNOS inhibitor) or water treatment was started 2 weeks before induction of periodontitis. Rats were sacrificed 3, 7, or 14 days after ligature placement, and alveolar bone loss was evaluated. In vitro OC culture experiments were also performed to study the differentiation of freshly isolated bone marrow cells from both iNOS KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice. OC were counted 6 days later after tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining (a marker of osteoclast identity), and bone resorption activity was assessed by counting the number of resorption pits on dentin disks. RESULTS Rats with ligature showed progressive and significant alveolar bone loss compared to sham animals, and aminoguanidine treatment significantly inhibited ligature-induced bone loss at 7 and 14 days after the induction. In comparison to bone marrow cells from wild-type mice, cells from iNOS KO mice showed decreased OC growth and the resulting OC covered a smaller culture dish area and generated fewer resorption pit counts. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that iNOS inhibition prevents alveolar bone loss in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis, thus confirming that iNOS-derived NO plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, probably by stimulating OC differentiation and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S Herrera
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara Dental School, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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