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Indrelid SH, Dongre HN, Nunes IP, Virtej A, Bletsa A, Berggreen E. Human gingival epithelial cells stimulate proliferation, migration, and tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:596-606. [PMID: 36843064 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the response of gingival epithelial cells to microbial and inflammatory signals. BACKGROUND The gingival epithelial barrier provides the first line of defense and supports tissue homeostasis by maintaining the cross-talk between gingival epithelium, oral microbiota, and immune cells. Lymphatic vessels are essential to sustaining this homeostasis. The gingival epithelial cells have been shown to produce prolymphangiogenic factors during physiologic conditions, but their role in response to microbial and inflammatory signals is unknown. METHODS Immortalized human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) and human dermal lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (LEC) were cultured. HGEC were exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis derived-LPS, human IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 protein, or recombinant human IL-6/IL-6R. Levels of vascular growth factors (VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D) in cell supernatants were determined by ELISA. LEC were grown to confluence, and a scratch was induced in the monolayer. Uncovered area was measured up to 48 h after exposure to conditioned medium (CM) from HGEC. Tube formation assays were performed with LEC cocultured with labelled HGEC or exposed to CM. RESULTS VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and low levels of VEGF-D were constitutively expressed by HGEC. The expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D, but not VEGF-A, was upregulated in response to proinflammatory mediators. VEGF-C was upregulated in response to P. gingivalis LPS, but not to Escherichia coli LPS. A scratch migration assay showed that LEC migration was significantly increased by CM from HGEC. Both the CM and coculture with HGEC induced significant tube formation of LEC. CONCLUSIONS HGEC can regulate production of lymphangiogenic/angiogenic factors during inflammatory insults and can stimulate proliferation, migration, and tube formation of LEC in vitro in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harsh Nitin Dongre
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anca Virtej
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Athanasia Bletsa
- Oral Health Center of Expertise, Western Norway, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ellen Berggreen
- Oral Health Center of Expertise, Western Norway, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Zhang H, Huang J, Fan X, Miao R, Wang Y. HSP90AA1 promotes the inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide via regulating of autophagy. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:366. [PMID: 36028869 PMCID: PMC9419417 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-implantitis of tooth seriously affects the life quality of patients. This study aimed to investigate the role of HSP90AA1 in the inflammatory of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) induced by porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS), and to provide a potential therapeutic target for clinical treatment of peri-implantitis. METHODS Pg-LPS (0.1, 1, 10 μg/mL) was used to construct the inflammatory model of HGFs to evaluate the effect of Pg-LPS on HGFs. Then HSP90AA1-siRNA was transfected to construct HSP90AA1 low expression HGFs cell line, and 3-MA was also added. After that, cell viability, apoptosis, the contents of inflammatory cytokines were detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry and ELISA assay, respectively. Intracellular ROS, the expressions of HSP90α, HSP90β were detected by immunofluorescence. The levels of HSP90AA1, p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65, LC3 II/I, ATG5, Beclin-1 and TLR protein were detected by western blot. RESULTS Pg-LPS treatment didn't affect the viability of HGFs cells, but induced the cell apoptosis and ROS generation, increased the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and the protein expressions of HSP90AA1, p-NF-κBp65/NF-κBp65, LC3II/I, ATG5, and Beclin-1 in HGFs. While HSP90AA1-siRNA transfected into Pg-LPS induced HGFs significantly reduced the HSP90AA1, HSP90α, HSP90β expression, decreased the inflammatory factors, ROS generation, cell apoptosis rate, and autophagy-related proteins and TLR2/4 protein levels. What's more, the addition of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA further promote the effect of HSP90AA1-siRNA on Pg-LPS treated HGFs. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that HSP90AA1 promoted the inflammatory response of Pg-LPS induced HGFs by regulating autophagy. The addition of 3-MA further confirmed that autophagy may mediate siHSP90AA1 to enhance the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China, Zhejiang Province
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China, Zhejiang Province
| | - XuSheng Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China, Zhejiang Province
| | - RuiJing Miao
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China, Zhejiang Province
| | - YongWu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China, Zhejiang Province.
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Cimões R, Pinho RCM, Gurgel BCDV, Borges SB, Marcantonio Júnior E, Marcantonio CC, Melo MARDC, Piattelli A, Shibli JA. Impact of tooth loss due to periodontal disease on the prognosis of rehabilitation. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e101. [PMID: 34586215 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
When periodontal disease is diagnosed, it is difficult to predict the clinical response of treatment of a tooth over time because the result of treatment is affected by several factors and will depend on the maintenance and support of periodontal treatment. Rehabilitation with removable dental prostheses, fixed prostheses, and dental implants makes it possible to restore the function and esthetics of patients with tooth loss due to periodontal disease. The predictive factors of tooth loss in periodontitis patients should be assessed by dentists to inform their clinical decision-making during dental treatment planning. This will provide detailed individualized information and level of risk of patients considered suitable for dental rehabilitation. Therefore, the aim of this article was to review the subject of "Impact of tooth loss due to periodontal disease on the prognosis of rehabilitation" and the effect of fixed, removable, and implant-supported prostheses in periodontal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Cimões
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Health Sciences Centre, Department of Prosthesis and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Samuel Batista Borges
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Health Sciences Centre, Department of Dentistry, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Elcio Marcantonio Júnior
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Chierici Marcantonio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Piattelli
- University of Chieti, Dental School, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Universidade de Guarulhos - UnG, Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
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Aziz J, Rahman MT, Vaithilingam RD. Dysregulation of metallothionein and zinc aggravates periodontal diseases. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 66:126754. [PMID: 33831799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis (PD) is a multifaceted inflammatory disease connected to bacterial infection that results in the destruction of tooth supporting structures and eventually tooth loss. Given their involvement in infection and inflammation, both metallothionein (MT) and zinc (Zn) might play vital roles in the development and progression of PD. More specifically, both MT and Zn are heavily involved in regulating immune functions, controlling bacterial infection, balancing inflammatory responses, and reducing oxidative stress, all of which are associated with the pathogenesis of PD. OBJECTIVE This review paper will explore the physiological functions of MT and Zn and hypothesise how dysregulation could negatively affect periodontal health, leading to PD. FINDINGS Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from periodontal pathogens, namely P. gingivalis initiates the acute phase response, thus upregulating the expression of MT which leads to the subsequent deficiency of Zn, a hallmark of periodontal disease. This deficiency leads to ineffective NETosis, increases the permeability of the gingival epithelium, and disrupts the humoral immune response, collectively contributing to PD. In addition, the presence of LPS in Zn deficient conditions favours M1 macrophage polarisation and maturation of dendritic cells, and also inhibits the anti-inflammatory activity of regulatory T cells. Collectively, these observations could theoretically give rise to the chronic inflammation seen in PD. CONCLUSION A disrupted MT and Zn homeostasis is expected to exert an adverse impact on periodontal health and contribute to the development and progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazli Aziz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Dept. of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Rathna Devi Vaithilingam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Becerra-Ruiz JS, Guerrero-Velázquez C, Martínez-Esquivias F, Martínez-Pérez LA, Guzmán-Flores JM. Innate and adaptive immunity of periodontal disease. From etiology to alveolar bone loss. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1441-1447. [PMID: 33884712 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease refers to inflammation of the tissues that support the tooth. It is of multifactorial etiology. Innate and adaptive immune cells participate jointly through the release of their molecules and mechanisms of action in order to maintain homeostasis in periodontal tissues, so the host's immune response plays an essential role in defense against microorganisms. However, bacterial persistence and the dysregulation of the immune system as an exaggerated response can lead to the worsening of periodontal disease, leading to loss of gingival tissue and alveolar bone and thereby loss of teeth. Therefore, a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the development of periodontal disease is necessary to design new treatments and prophylactic measures in order to decrease the prevalence of this disease that afflicts a large part of the world population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Saraí Becerra-Ruiz
- Doctorado en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Celia Guerrero-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigación en Odontología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Luz Andrea Martínez-Pérez
- Doctorado en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Juan Manuel Guzmán-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Yang T, Tan Y, Zhang W, Yang W, Luo J, Chen L, Liu H, Yang G, Lei X. Effects of ALA-PDT on the Healing of Mouse Skin Wounds Infected With Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Related Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:585132. [PMID: 33344449 PMCID: PMC7746815 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.585132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising new method to eliminate microbial infection and promote wound healing. Its effectiveness has been confirmed by some studies; however, the mechanisms of PDT in wound healing remain obscure. We used mouse skin wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a research object to explore the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT). ALA-PDT treatment significantly reduced the load of P. aeruginosa in the wound and surrounding tissues and promoted the healing of skin wounds in mice. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Sirius red staining showed that ALA-PDT promoted granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, and collagen regeneration and remodeling. After ALA-PDT treatment, the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) first increased and then decreased, while the secretion of growth factors (TGF-β-1 and VEGF) increased gradually after treatment. Furthermore, ALA-PDT affected the polarization state of macrophages, activating and promoting macrophages from an M1 to an M2 phenotype. In conclusion, ALA-PDT can not only kill bacteria but also promote wound healing by regulating inflammatory factors, collagen remodeling and macrophages. This study further clarifies the mechanism of PDT in the healing of infectious skin wounds and provides further experimental evidence for its clinical treatment of skin wounds infected by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weijiang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiefu Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guihong Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Mou Q, Jiang Y, Zhu L, Zhu Z, Ren T. EGCG induces β-defensin 3 against influenza A virus H1N1 by the MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3017-3024. [PMID: 32855668 PMCID: PMC7444400 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main component of green tea, which has been proven to inhibit a variety of viruses, including influenza A virus. However, the mechanism of EGCG against influenza virus remains to be further explored. The mechanism of EGCG against influenza virus was studied. The results showed that EGCG significantly increased the levels of HBD3 mRNA and protein, while the levels of phosphorylation of (p)-p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK after EGCG treatment were significantly up-regulated. p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK inhibitors significantly inhibited the expression of HBD3 induced by EGCG. On the other hand, EGCG significantly inhibited the expression of HA and NP proteins in influenza A virus H1N1, but attenuated the anti-influenza A virus effect of EGCG after silencing HBD3. Thus, the anti-influenza virus effect of EGCG is related to the induction of HBD3 expression. In addition, the expression of EGCG-induced HBD3 is related to the p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK signaling pathways. The research data show that EGCG can induce HBD3 expression through p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK signaling pathway to inhibit the replication of influenza A virus H1N1, providing a new and effective candidate drug for influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Mou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Department of Physiology Chemistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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Irani S, Barati I, Badiei M. Periodontitis and oral cancer - current concepts of the etiopathogenesis. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:465. [PMID: 32231765 PMCID: PMC7097927 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival tissues are attacked by oral pathogens which can induce inflammatory reactions. The immune-inflammatory responses play essential roles in the patient susceptibility to periodontal diseases. There is a wealth of evidence indicating a link between chronic inflammation and risk of malignant transformation of the affected oral epithelium. Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic systemic conditions including autoimmune diseases and different types of cancers. Besides, some risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and human papilloma virus have been found to be associated with both periodontitis and oral cancer. This review article aimed to study the current concepts in pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and oral cancer by reviewing the related articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Dental Research Centre, Oral Pathology Department, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Iman Barati
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mohammadreza Badiei
- Dental Student, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Wang Y, Kang W, Shang L, Song A, Ge S. N-WASP knockdown upregulates inflammatory cytokines expression in human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104605. [PMID: 31751919 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) is a member of the wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family. N-WASP plays a vital role in promoting cell migration, receptor signaling and immune inflammatory responses. This study aimed to observe the changes in the expression of inflammatory factors and involving pathways after N-WASP knockdown in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). DESIGN Gingival inflammatory condition of N-WASP knockout mice was evaluated by H&E staining. N-WASP in HGFs was knockdown by siRNA and the best knockdown efficiency was determined by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) were evaluated by qRT-PCR after N-WASP knockdown with or without mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitors. The protein levels of IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2 were assessed by ELISA. Western blotting was used to detect the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. RESULTS Gingival tissue from N-WASP knockout mice exhibited an inflammatory reaction. The expression of IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, SOD2 and PTGS2 was significantly upregulated after N-WASP knockdown in HGFs for 6, 24 and 48 h, except for the SOD2 at 6 h. N-WASP knockdown significantly activated the signaling pathways of NF-κB and MAPK. The inhibitors of p65, p38, ERK and JNK clearly decreased IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, SOD2 and PTGS2 expression after N-WASP knockdown. CONCLUSION These data indicated that N-WASP deficiency in HGFs increases the production of inflammatory cytokine and is regulated via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyan Kang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingling Shang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aimei Song
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Periodontitis: A Multifaceted Disease of Tooth-Supporting Tissues. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081135. [PMID: 31370168 PMCID: PMC6723779 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infection-driven inflammatory disease in which the composition of biofilms plays a significant role. Dental plaque accumulation at the gingival margin initiates an inflammatory response that, in turn, causes microbial alterations and may lead to drastic consequences in the periodontium of susceptible individuals. Chronic inflammation affects the gingiva and can proceed to periodontitis, which characteristically results in irreversible loss of attachment and alveolar bone. Periodontitis appears typically in adult-aged populations, but young individuals can also experience it and its harmful outcome. Advanced disease is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. In addition, periodontitis is associated with many chronic diseases and conditions affecting general health.
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Shimizu T, To M, Kamata Y, Saruta J, Sato T, Fuchida S, Hamada N, Tsukinoki K. Human β-defensin-2 and interleukin-1β expression in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis challenge in mice transplanted with periodontitic human gingiva. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:38-43. [PMID: 28286291 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Inter-individual variability in the host response contributes significantly to expression of periodontal disease. Thus, research into the human host response is considered important in the analysis of periodontal disease. Human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) is typically produced by epithelial tissues after stimulation with microorganisms and inflammatory mediators, and it contributes to the initial defense in the innate immune response. However, hBD-2 expression in response to infection has not been investigated in human gingival tissue with periodontitis. We examined the response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in an established in vivo model of human gingival grafts with various degrees of periodontitis. We also investigated the expression profile of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Gingival tissues were collected from 40 patients with chronic periodontitis (21 with slight-to-moderate disease, 19 with severe disease) during tooth extraction or periodontal surgery. These tissues were transplanted subcutaneously into nu/nu mice. We used real-time PCR to compare the expression of hBD-2 and IL-1β. In slight-to-moderate chronic periodontitis, hBD-2 expression was significantly higher in the stimulated group than in the non-stimulated group (p < 0.05), but there was no significant increase in the group with severe chronic periodontitis. IL-1β expression did not differ between groups. Increased expression of hBD-2 and IL-1β was associated with slight-to-moderate periodontitis (p < 0.05), and there was a significant relationship between decreased hBD-2 and IL-1β expression and severe periodontitis (p < 0.05). The initial expression profile of hBD-2 in P. gingivalis infection differs according to the severity of periodontitis. In addition, changes in hBD-2 and IL-1β expression may be important in the progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Shimizu
- Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro To
- Department of Oral Science, Division of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Kamata
- Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Juri Saruta
- Department of Oral Science, Division of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takenori Sato
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Fuchida
- Department of Dental Sociology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Department of Oral Science, Division of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Basso FG, Pansani TN, Turrioni APS, Soares DG, de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 Impair In Vitro Migration and Induce Apoptosis of Gingival Fibroblasts and Epithelial Cells, Delaying Wound Healing. J Periodontol 2016; 87:990-6. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kim MS, Yun JW, Park JH, Park BW, Kang YH, Hah YS, Hwang SC, Woo DK, Byun JH. Autophagy Has a Beneficial Role in Relieving Cigarette Smoke-Induced Apoptotic Death in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:357-64. [PMID: 27226776 PMCID: PMC4879768 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The deleterious role of cigarette smoke has long been documented in various human diseases including periodontal complications. In this report, we examined this adverse effect of cigarette smoke on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) which are critical not only in maintaining gingival tissue architecture but also in mediating immune responses. As well documented in other cell types, we also observed that cigarette smoke promoted cellular reactive oxygen species in HGFs. And we found that this cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress reduced HGF viability through inducing apoptosis. Our results indicated that an increased Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and resulting caspase activation underlie the apoptotic death in HGFs exposed to cigarette smoke. Furthermore, we detected that cigarette smoke also triggered autophagy, an integrated cellular stress response. Interesting, a pharmacological suppression of the cigarette smoke-induced autophagy led to a further reduction in HGF viability while a pharmacological promotion of autophagy increased the viability of HGFs with cigarette smoke exposures. These findings suggest a protective role for autophagy in HGFs stressed with cigarette smoke, highlighting that modulation of autophagy can be a novel therapeutic target in periodontal complications with cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Soo Kim
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Yun
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- 2. Clinical Research Institutue of Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- 4. College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
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Lombardo Bedran TB, Palomari Spolidorio D, Grenier D. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate and cranberry proanthocyanidins act in synergy with cathelicidin (LL-37) to reduce the LPS-induced inflammatory response in a three-dimensional co-culture model of gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:845-53. [PMID: 25791329 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The human antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (LL-37) possesses anti-inflammatory properties that may contribute to attenuating the inflammatory process associated with chronic periodontitis. Plant polyphenols, including those from cranberry and green tea, have been reported to reduce inflammatory cytokine secretion by host cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that A-type cranberry proanthocyanidins (AC-PACs) and green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) act in synergy with LL-37 to reduce the secretion of inflammatory mediators by oral mucosal cells. METHODS A three-dimensional (3D) co-culture model of gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of AC-PACs (25 and 50 μg/ml), EGCG (1 and 5 μg/ml), and LL-37 (0.1 and 0.2 μM) individually and in combination (AC-PACs+LL-37 and EGCG+LL-37) were stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Multiplex ELISA assays were used to quantify the secretion of 54 host factors, including chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). RESULTS LL-37, AC-PACs, and EGCG, individually or in combination, had no effect on the regulation of MMP and TIMP secretion but inhibited the secretion of several cytokines. AC-PACs and LL-37 acted in synergy to reduce the secretion of CXC-chemokine ligand 1 (GRO-α), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and had an additive effect on reducing the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in response to LPS stimulation. EGCG and LL-37 acted in synergy to reduce the secretion of GRO-α, G-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10, and had an additive effect on MCP-1 secretion. CONCLUSION The combination of LL-37 and natural polyphenols from cranberry and green tea acted in synergy to reduce the secretion of several cytokines by an LPS-stimulated 3D co-culture model of oral mucosal cells. Such combinations show promising results as potential adjunctive therapies for treating inflammatory periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Blanca Lombardo Bedran
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, State University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Palomari Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara Dental School, State University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Levón J, Al-Samadi A, Mackiewicz Z, Coer A, Trebse R, Waris E, Konttinen YT. Human beta-defensin-3 producing cells in septic implant loosening. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:98. [PMID: 25655501 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3) has been found in synovial fluid and later in periprosthetic tissues in septic joint implant loosening. The aim of the present study was to identify its cellular sources. Tissue samples from 12 patients were analyzed. A fully automatic Leica BOND MAX staining robot was used. Affinity-purified rabbit anti-human hBD-3 IgG was applied in a two-layer horse radish peroxidase/anti-rabbit-labeled polymer method. Double immunofluorescence of hBD3 together with CD68, CD31, heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) and mast cell tryptase (MCT) staining was done. Human BD-3 was found in monocyte/macrophage-like cells, vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts-like cells, but was weakly expressed in foreign body giant cells and negative in neutrophils. Human BD-3 was found in CD68 and CD31 immunoreactive cells, whereas HSP47 and MCT positive cells were hBD-3 negative. Immunostaining of hBD-3 was strong in some tissue areas but weak or absent in others. Monocyte/macrophages and endothelial cells were established in this study as the major cellular sources of hBD-3 in septic loosening, but fibroblasts and foreign body giant cells can also contribute to its production. The heterogeneous topological staining of hBD-3 suggests local regulation, possibly by bacterial products, damage-associated molecular patterns and cytokines. The results explain the increased synovial fluid/tissue concentrations of hBD-3 in septic loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Levón
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, BMH 1, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland,
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Mandal P, Zhao J, Sah SK, Huang Y, Liu J. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of GuttaFlow 2 on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J Endod 2014; 40:1156-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Paeoniflorin Upregulates β-Defensin-2 Expression in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Through the p38 MAPK, ERK, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Inflammation 2014; 37:1468-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Liu J, Chen J, Du X, Hu L, Chen L. The expression of hBDs in the gingival tissue and keratinocytes from healthy subjects and periodontitis patients. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 59:193-8. [PMID: 24370191 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the secretion of antimicrobial peptides in gingival tissue and isolated cells has been reported, the induction of human β-defensins (hBDs) in epithelial cells from the periodontitis patients was not stated before. This study aimed to compare the secretion of hBDs in gingival epithelial cells from periodontitis patients and healthy controls. DESIGN Firstly, gingival biopsies were obtained from chronic periodontitis patients and healthy controls and the hBDs expression level in gingival tissues was quantified. Then the epithelial cells from periodontitis patients and healthy controls were isolated and challenged with different concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). The hBDs expression level was also quantified after induction. At last, to identify the molecular pathways involved in hBDs induction, the isolated cells were incubated with NF-kB or MAPK inhibitor before TNFα induction. RESULTS Higher hBDs expression was found in gingival tissues from healthy controls. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the hBD-2 expression in gingival epithelial cells from periodontitis patients can be induced by TNFα at lower dose, while the optimum expression level was much lower. The basal hBD-3 mRNA expression was much higher in cells from periodontitis patients. The molecular pathways involved in the responses to the inflammatory cytokine in patients and healthy controls were the same. CONCLUSIONS The epithelial cells from periodontitis patients are more prone to recognize and respond to TNFα to produce hBD-2. The basal expression of hBD-3 in keratinocytes from periodontitis patients suggested that hBD-3 may play an important role in the immunological reaction against periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Xingyan Du
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
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