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Antman G, Ritzer L, Galor A, Verticchio Vercellin A, Siesky BA, Alabi D, Vayner J, Segev F, Harris A. The relationship between dry eye disease and human microbiota: A review of the science. Exp Eye Res 2024; 245:109951. [PMID: 38838972 PMCID: PMC11250917 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A complex relationship exists between human microbiota and the risk for ophthalmic disease. While the homeostatic composition of human microbiota is still being established, including what defines dysbiosis (i.e. changes in diversity and abundance), pilot research has begun to identify the potential influence of demographics, geography, and co-morbidities on the microbiota and describe their impact on ocular health. This review specifically focuses on the scientific relationships of the human oral and gut microbiota to dry eye disease (DED), a set of conditions impacting the tear film and ocular surface. Although data are sparse and often conflict across studies, the literature generally supports associations between microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) and DED and alterations in microbial diversity and abundance to specific aspects of DED. This review examines the relevant science and mechanistic relationships linking gut and oral dysbiosis and DED. Various physiochemical factors and therapeutic approaches that alter microbiota, including medications and fecal transplants are examined in relation to DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Antman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikwa, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lukas Ritzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Brent A Siesky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise Alabi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Vayner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fani Segev
- Ophthalmology, Assuta Ashdod Medical Center, Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Harris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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Fan X, Monson KR, Peters BA, Whittington JM, Um CY, Oberstein PE, McCullough ML, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Ahn J, Hayes RB. Altered salivary microbiota associated with high-sugar beverage consumption. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13386. [PMID: 38862651 PMCID: PMC11167035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The human oral microbiome may alter oral and systemic disease risk. Consuming high sugar content beverages (HSB) can lead to caries development by altering the microbial composition in dental plaque, but little is known regarding HSB-specific oral microbial alterations. Therefore, we conducted a large, population-based study to examine associations of HSB intake with oral microbiome diversity and composition. Using mouthwash samples of 989 individuals in two nationwide U.S. cohorts, bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified, sequenced, and assigned to bacterial taxa. HSB intake was quantified from food frequency questionnaires as low (< 1 serving/week), medium (1-3 servings/week), or high (> 3 servings/week). We assessed overall bacterial diversity and presence of specific taxa with respect to HSB intake in each cohort separately and combined in a meta-analysis. Consistently in the two cohorts, we found lower species richness in high HSB consumers (> 3 cans/week) (p = 0.027), and that overall bacterial community profiles differed from those of non-consumers (PERMANOVA p = 0.040). Specifically, presence of a network of commensal bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Alloprevotella rava) was less common in high compared to non-consumers, as were other species including Campylobacter showae, Prevotella oulorum, and Mycoplasma faucium. Presence of acidogenic bacteria Bifodobacteriaceae and Lactobacillus rhamnosus was more common in high consumers. Abundance of Fusobacteriales and its genus Leptotrichia, Lachnoanaerobaculum sp., and Campylobacter were lower with higher HSB consumption, and their abundances were correlated. No significant interaction was found for these associations with diabetic status or with microbial markers for caries (S. mutans) and periodontitis (P. gingivalis). Our results suggest that soft drink intake may alter the salivary microbiota, with consistent results across two independent cohorts. The observed perturbations of overrepresented acidogenic bacteria and underrepresented commensal bacteria in high HSB consumers may have implications for oral and systemic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Fan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kelsey R Monson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandilyn A Peters
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Caroline Y Um
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul E Oberstein
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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Yamamoto M, Aochi S, Uehara M. Analysis of the saliva microbiome in patients with immunoglobulin G4-related disease. Mod Rheumatol 2024; 34:399-404. [PMID: 37043362 DOI: 10.1093/mr/road037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article aims to investigate the saliva microbiome in patients with immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4RD) compared with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). METHODS Saliva samples were collected from 11 IgG4RD and 11 SS patients who visited IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the samples, and primers were used to amplify the V3-V4 regions of bacterial and archaeal 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, which was then analysed by paired-end sequencing. Amplicon reads were processed using QIIME2 to generate representative sequences. The Greengenes database was used to identify the bacterial flora in each sample and compare them between groups. RESULTS The IgG4RD and SS groups exhibited differences in bacterial diversity. Cluster analyses of attributed classification groups by species and disease showed that IgG4RD and SS cases formed individual clusters. Significant differences in relative abundance between IgG4RD and SS were observed for the following organisms: Mogibacterium (P = .0051), Solobacterium moorei (P = .0195), Slackia (P = .0356), and Moryella (P = .0455). CONCLUSIONS Salivary microbiome analysis of IgG4RD and SS patients revealed significantly higher relative proportions of Mogibacterium, S. moorei, Slackia, and Moryella bacteria in IgG4RD compared with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohisa Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Aochi
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Uehara
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Bustos-Lobato L, Rus MJ, Saúco C, Simon-Soro A. Oral microbial biomap in the drought environment: Sjogren's syndrome. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:400-407. [PMID: 37767604 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that affects primarily the salivary glands, making perturbations in the oral ecosystem and potential factors of salivary flow that influence the onset and development of the disease. The oral cavity contains diverse microorganisms that inhabit various niches such as the oral microbial "biomap." It does not seem specific enough to establish a characteristic microbiome, given the diversity of clinical manifestations, variable rates of salivary secretion, and influential risk factors in patients with SS. This review discusses the biogeography of the oral microbiome in patients with SS such as saliva, tongue, tooth, mucosa, and gum. The microorganisms that were more abundant in the different oral niches were Gram-positive species, suggesting a higher survival of cell wall bacteria in this arid oral environment. Reduced salivary flow appears not to be linked to the cause of dysbiosis alone but influences host-associated risk factors. However, much work remains to be done to establish the role of the microbiome in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as SS. Future studies of the microbiome in autoimmunity will shed light on the role of specific microorganisms that have never been linked before with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bustos-Lobato
- Facultad de Odontología, Departamento de Estomatología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria J Rus
- Facultad de Odontología, Departamento de Estomatología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Saúco
- Facultad de Odontología, Departamento de Estomatología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Aurea Simon-Soro
- Facultad de Odontología, Departamento de Estomatología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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High-Throughput Sequencing of Oral Microbiota in Candida Carriage Sjögren's Syndrome Patients: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041559. [PMID: 36836095 PMCID: PMC9964208 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to characterize the saliva microbiota of Candida carriage Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients compared to oral candidiasis and healthy patients by high-throughput sequencing. METHODS Fifteen patients were included, with five Candida carriage SS patients (decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score 22), five oral candidiasis patients (DMFT score 17), and five caries active healthy patients (DMFT score 14). Bacterial 16S rRNA was extracted from rinsed whole saliva. PCR amplification generated DNA amplicons of the V3-V4 hypervariable region, which were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform and compared and aligned to the SILVA database. Taxonomy abundance and community structure diversity was analyzed using Mothur software v1.40.0. RESULTS A total of 1016/1298/1085 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from SS patients/oral candidiasis patient/healthy patients. Treponema, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Selenomonas, and Veillonella were the primary genera in the three groups. The most abundant significantly mutative taxonomy (OTU001) was Veillonella parvula. Microbial diversity (alpha diversity and beta diversity) was significantly increased in SS patients. ANOSIM analyses revealed significantly different microbial compositional heterogeneity in SS patients compared to oral candidiasis and healthy patients. CONCLUSION Microbial dysbiosis differs significantly in SS patients independent of oral Candida carriage and DMFT.
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Deng C, Xiao Q, Fei Y. A Glimpse Into the Microbiome of Sjögren’s Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918619. [PMID: 35911741 PMCID: PMC9329934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a common chronic systemic autoimmune disease and its main characteristic is lymphoid infiltration of the exocrine glands, particularly the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to sicca symptoms of the mouth and eyes. Growing evidence has shown that SS is also characterized by microbial perturbations like other autoimmune diseases. Significant alterations in diversity, composition, and function of the microbiota were observed in SS. The dysbiosis of the microbiome correlates with worse symptoms and higher disease severity, suggesting that dysbiosis may be of great importance in the pathogenesis of SS. In this review, we provide a general view of recent studies describing the microbiota alterations of SS, the possible pathways that may cause microbiota dysbiosis to trigger SS, and the existence of the gut-ocular/gut-oral axis in SS.
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Manasson J, Blank RB, Scher JU. Response to: ‘Microbiome in Sjögren’s syndrome: here we are’ by van der Meulen et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:e115. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gao L, Cheng Z, Zhu F, Bi C, Shi Q, Chen X. The Oral Microbiome and Its Role in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review of Big Data Analysis. Front Big Data 2022; 5:927520. [PMID: 35844967 PMCID: PMC9277227 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2022.927520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite decades of research, systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) continue to be a major global health concern and the etiology of these diseases is still not clear. To date, with the development of high-throughput techniques, increasing evidence indicated a key role of oral microbiome in the pathogenesis of SADs, and the alterations of oral microbiome may contribute to the disease emergence or evolution. This review is to present the latest knowledge on the relationship between the oral microbiome and SADs, focusing on the multiomics data generated from a large set of samples. Methodology By searching the PubMed and Embase databases, studies that investigated the oral microbiome of SADs, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS), were systematically reviewed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results One thousand and thirty-eight studies were found, and 25 studies were included: three referred to SLE, 12 referred to RA, nine referred to SS, and one to both SLE and SS. The 16S rRNA sequencing was the most frequent technique used. HOMD was the most common database aligned to and QIIME was the most popular pipeline for downstream analysis. Alterations in bacterial composition and population have been found in the oral samples of patients with SAD compared with the healthy controls. Results regarding candidate pathogens were not always in accordance, but Selenomonas and Veillonella were found significantly increased in three SADs, and Streptococcus was significantly decreased in the SADs compared with controls. Conclusion A large amount of sequencing data was collected from patients with SAD and controls in this systematic review. Oral microbial dysbiosis had been identified in these SADs, although the dysbiosis features were different among studies. There was a lack of standardized study methodology for each study from the inclusion criteria, sample type, sequencing platform, and referred database to downstream analysis pipeline and cutoff. Besides the genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics technology should be used to investigate the oral microbiome of patients with SADs and also the at-risk individuals of disease development, which may provide us with a better understanding of the etiology of SADs and promote the development of the novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Cheng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudong Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunsheng Bi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiongling Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Chen
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Chang SH, Park SH, Cho ML, Choi Y. Why Should We Consider Potential Roles of Oral Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Sjögren Syndrome? Immune Netw 2022; 22:e32. [PMID: 36081525 PMCID: PMC9433196 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily targets the salivary and lacrimal glands. The pathology of these exocrine glands is characterized by periductal focal lymphocytic infiltrates, and both T cell-mediated tissue injury and autoantibodies that interfere with the secretion process underlie glandular hypofunction. In addition to these adaptive mechanisms, multiple innate immune pathways are dysregulated, particularly in the salivary gland epithelium. Our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of SS has substantially improved during the past decade. In contrast to viral infection, bacterial infection has never been considered in the pathogenesis of SS. In this review, oral dysbiosis associated with SS and evidence for bacterial infection of the salivary glands in SS were reviewed. In addition, the potential contributions of bacterial infection to innate activation of ductal epithelial cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and B cells and to the breach of tolerance via bystander activation of autoreactive T cells and molecular mimicry were discussed. The added roles of bacteria may extend our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for this autoimmune exocrinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Chang
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Doaré E, Héry-Arnaud G, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Alegria GC. Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren's Syndrome in a Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699011. [PMID: 34394092 PMCID: PMC8358393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been hypothesized that gut and oral dysbiosis may contribute to the development of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The aim of this systematic review was to assemble available data regarding the oral and gut microbiota in pSS and to compare them to data from healthy individuals and patients with dry symptoms without a diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome or lupus disease to identify dysbiosis and discuss the results. Methodology Using the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies that compared the oral and gut microbiota of Sjögren's patients and controls. The PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched. Results Two-hundred and eighty-nine studies were found, and 18 studies were included: 13 referred to the oral microbiota, 4 referred to the gut microbiota, and 1 referred to both anatomical sites. The most frequent controls were healthy volunteers and patients with sicca symptoms. The most common analysis method used was 16S-targeted metagenomics. The results were mostly heterogeneous, and the results regarding diversity were not always in accordance. Dysbiosis in pSS was not confirmed, and reduced salivary secretion seems to explain more microbial changes than the underlying disease. Conclusion These heterogeneous results might be explained by the lack of a standardized methodology at each step of the process and highlight the need for guidelines. Our review provides evidence that sicca patients seem to be more relevant than healthy subjects as a control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Doaré
- Rheumatology Department, Reference Centre of Rare Autoimmune Diseases, Cavale Blanche Hospital and Brest University, INSERM UMR 1227, Brest, France
| | - Geneviève Héry-Arnaud
- UMR1078, Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle Et Biotechnologies, INSERM, Université de Brest, EFS, IBSAM, Brest, France.,Centre Brestois d'Analyse du Microbiote, Hôpital La Cavale Blanche, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec
- Rheumatology Department, Reference Centre of Rare Autoimmune Diseases, Cavale Blanche Hospital and Brest University, INSERM UMR 1227, Brest, France
| | - Guillermo Carvajal Alegria
- Rheumatology Department, Reference Centre of Rare Autoimmune Diseases, Cavale Blanche Hospital and Brest University, INSERM UMR 1227, Brest, France
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Progress in Oral Microbiome Related to Oral and Systemic Diseases: An Update. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071283. [PMID: 34359364 PMCID: PMC8306157 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human oral microbiome refers to an ecological community of symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms found in the oral cavity. The oral cavity is an environment that provides various biological niches, such as the teeth, tongue, and oral mucosa. The oral cavity is the gateway between the external environment and the human body, maintaining oral homeostasis, protecting the mouth, and preventing disease. On the flip side, the oral microbiome also plays an important role in the triggering, development, and progression of oral and systemic diseases. In recent years, disease diagnosis through the analysis of the human oral microbiome has been realized with the recent development of innovative detection technology and is overwhelmingly promising compared to the previous era. It has been found that patients with oral and systemic diseases have variations in their oral microbiome compared to normal subjects. This narrative review provides insight into the pathophysiological role that the oral microbiome plays in influencing oral and systemic diseases and furthers the knowledge related to the oral microbiome produced over the past 30 years. A wide range of updates were provided with the latest knowledge of the oral microbiome to help researchers and clinicians in both academic and clinical aspects. The microbial community information can be utilized in non-invasive diagnosis and can help to develop a new paradigm in precision medicine, which will benefit human health in the era of post-metagenomics.
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12
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Tseng YC, Yang HY, Lin WT, Chang CB, Chien HC, Wang HP, Chen CM, Wang JT, Li C, Wu SF, Hsieh SC. Salivary dysbiosis in Sjögren's syndrome and a commensal-mediated immunomodulatory effect of salivary gland epithelial cells. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:21. [PMID: 33707430 PMCID: PMC7952914 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome due to aberrant antigen-presentation function. This study examined the hypothesis that oral dysbiosis modulates the antigen-presentation function of SGECs, which regulates CD4 T cell proliferation in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Saliva samples from 8 pSS patients and 16 healthy subjects were analyzed for bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA. As a result, 39 differentially abundant taxa were identified. Among them, the phylum Proteobacteria comprised 21 taxa, and this phylum was mostly enriched in the healthy controls. The proteobacterium Haemophilus parainfluenzae was enriched in the healthy controls, with the greatest effect size at the species level. Treatment of A253 cells in vitro with H. parainfluenzae upregulated PD-L1 expression, and H. parainfluenzae-pretreated A253 cells suppressed CD4 T cell proliferation. The suppression was partially reversed by PD-L1 blockade. Among low-grade xerostomia patients, salivary abundance of H. parainfluenzae decreased in pSS patients compared to that in non-pSS sicca patients. Our findings suggest that H. parainfluenzae may be an immunomodulatory commensal bacterium in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Bin Chang
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Pin Wang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Tay Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Fen Wu
- Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan. .,Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Chatzis L, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Tzioufas AG, Goules AV. New frontiers in precision medicine for Sjogren's syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:127-141. [PMID: 33478279 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1879641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sjögren's syndrome is a unique systemic autoimmune disease, placed in the center of systemic autoimmunity and at the crossroads of autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation. The diverse clinical picture of the disease, the inefficacy of current biologic treatments, and the co-existence with lymphoma conferring to the patients' morbidity and mortality force the scientific community to review disease pathogenesis and reveal the major implicated cellular and molecular elements.Areas covered: Biomarkers for early diagnosis, prediction, stratification, monitoring, and targeted treatments can serve as a tool to interlink and switch from the clinical phenotyping of the disease into a more sophisticated classification based on the underlying critical molecular pathways and endotypes. Such a transition may define the establishment of the so-called precision medicine era in which patients' management will be based on grouping according to pathogenetically related biomarkers. In the current work, literature on Sjogren's syndrome covering several research fields including clinical, translational, and basic research has been reviewed.Expert opinion: The perspectives of clinical and translational research are anticipated to define phenotypic clustering of high-risk pSS patients and link the clinical picture of the disease with fundamental molecular mechanisms and molecules implicated in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukas Chatzis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios G Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas V Goules
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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14
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Zorba M, Melidou A, Patsatsi A, Ioannou E, Kolokotronis A. The possible role of oral microbiome in autoimmunity. Int J Womens Dermatol 2020; 6:357-364. [PMID: 33898698 PMCID: PMC8060669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human microbiome refers to the entire habitat, including microorganisms, their genomes and the surrounding environmental conditions of the microbial ecosystem. When the equilibrium between microbial habitats and host is disturbed, dysbiosis is caused. The oral microbiome (OMB) has been implicated in the manifestation of many intra- and extraoral diseases. Lately, there has been an intense effort to investigate and specify the relationship between microbial complexes, especially that of the oral cavity and intestine and autoimmunity. This study aimed to review the current literature about the possible role of the OMB in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. METHODS We searched for published articles in English indexed in PubMed, Medline, Research Gate and Google Scholar using a search strategy that included terms for oral microbiome, autoimmune diseases, dysbiosis and next-generation sequencing. RESULTS An important number of articles were gathered and used for the description of the possible impact of dysbiosis of OMB in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Behcet's disease, Crohn's disease and psoriasis. CONCLUSION This review article draws attention to the relationship between OMB and the triggering of a number of autoimmune diseases. Although this specific topic has been previously reviewed, herein, the authors review recent literature regarding the full list of nosological entities related to the OMB, point out the interaction between the microbiome and sex hormones with regard to their role in autoimmunity and discuss novel and promising therapeutic approaches for systemic autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the question arises of whether the OMB is associated with oral bullous autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Zorba
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angeliki Melidou
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Patsatsi
- Second Dermatology Department of Papageorgiou General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Ioannou
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kolokotronis
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Lee J, Alam J, Choi E, Ko YK, Lee A, Choi Y. Association of a dysbiotic oral microbiota with the development of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis in IκB-ζ-deficient mice. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:49. [PMID: 33127905 PMCID: PMC7599236 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-00158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking IκB-ζ, a protein encoded by the Nfkbiz gene, spontaneously develop a Sjögren’s syndrome-like disease involving the lachrymal glands, but no salivary gland symptoms have been reported. We found that Nfkbiz−/− female mice presented a significantly reduced salivary flow rate, focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS), and a dysbiotic oral microbiota at week 24. To dissect the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the salivary gland phenotype, Nfkbiz+/+ and Nfkbiz−/− mice were cohoused after weaning and evaluated at week 20. Cohousing alleviated the salivary gland phenotype of Nfkbiz−/− mice but did not induce any disease phenotype in Nfkbiz+/+ mice. Additionally, the oral microbiota in the cohoused mice was synchronized toward that in Nfkbiz+/+ mice. In conclusion, IκB-ζ-deficient mice developed hyposalivation and FLS, in which a dysbiotic oral microbiota played an important role. This finding suggests that the dysbiotic oral microbiota could be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Lee
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jehan Alam
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eunji Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Kyeong Ko
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahreum Lee
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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16
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van der Meulen TA, Vissink A, Bootsma H, Spijkervet FKL, Kroese FGM. Microbiome in Sjögren's syndrome: here we are. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 81:e114. [PMID: 32699041 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taco A van der Meulen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fred K L Spijkervet
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Björk A, Mofors J, Wahren-Herlenius M. Environmental factors in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Intern Med 2020; 287:475-492. [PMID: 32107824 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease in which exocrine organs, primarily the salivary and lacrimal glands, are targets of chronic inflammation, leading to severe dryness of eyes and mouth. Fatigue and arthralgia are also common, and extraglandular manifestations involving the respiratory, nervous and vascular systems occur in a subset of patients. Persistent activation of the type I interferon system, and autoreactive B and T cells with production of disease-associated autoantibodies are central to the pathogenesis. Genetic polymorphisms that associate with an increased risk of SS have been described, though the risk-increase contributed by the respective variant is generally low. It is thus becoming increasingly clear that genetics cannot alone account for the development of SS and that other, presumably exogenous, factors must play a critical role. Relatively few studies have investigated exposure to potential risk factors prior to SS disease onset. Rather, many factors have been studied in prevalent cases. In this review, we summarize current literature on exogenous factors in the pathogenesis of SS including infections, hormones, smoking, solvents and additional compounds. We delineate for which factors there is current evidence of increased disease risk, and for which our present knowledge is confined to suggesting their role in SS pathogenesis. Finally, we outline future perspectives in the continued search for environmental risk factors for SS, a research area of great importance considering the possibilities for preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Björk
- From the, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Mofors
- From the, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Wahren-Herlenius
- From the, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Trujillo-Vargas CM, Schaefer L, Alam J, Pflugfelder SC, Britton RA, de Paiva CS. The gut-eye-lacrimal gland-microbiome axis in Sjögren Syndrome. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:335-344. [PMID: 31644955 PMCID: PMC7124975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial communities that collectively inhabit our body are called the microbiome. Virtually all body surface harbors bacteria. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing that have provided insight into the diversity, composition of bacterial communities, and their interaction are discussed in this review, as well as the current knowledge of how the microbiome promotes ocular health. The ocular surface is a site of low bacterial load. Sjögren Syndrome is an autoimmune disease that affects the exocrine glands, causing dry mouth and dry eye. Systemic antibiotic treatment and germ-free mice have demonstrated that commensal bacteria have a protective role for the ocular surface and lacrimal gland. The existence of a gut-eye-lacrimal gland axis-microbiome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Trujillo-Vargas
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia; Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jehan Alam
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Robert A Britton
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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19
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Alam J, Lee A, Lee J, Kwon DI, Park HK, Park JH, Jeon S, Baek K, Lee J, Park SH, Choi Y. Dysbiotic oral microbiota and infected salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230667. [PMID: 32208441 PMCID: PMC7092996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Key events in the pathogenesis of Sjӧgren syndrome (SS) include the change of salivary gland epithelial cells into antigen-presenting cell-like phenotypes and focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS). However, what triggers these features in SS is unknown. Dysbiosis of the gut and oral microbiomes is a potential environmental factor in SS, but its connection to the etiopathogenesis of SS remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the oral microbiota in SS and to investigate its potential role in the pathogenesis of SS. Oral bacterial communities were collected by whole mouthwash from control subjects (14 without oral dryness and 11 with dryness) and primary SS patients (8 without oral dryness and 17 with dryness) and were analyzed by pyrosequencing. The SS oral microbiota was characterized by an increased bacterial load and Shannon diversity. Through comparisons of control and SS in combined samples and then separately in non-dry and dry conditions, SS-associated taxa independent of dryness were identified. Three SS-associated species and 2 control species were selected and used to challenge human submandibular gland tumor (HSG) cells. Among the selected SS-associated bacterial species, Prevotella melaninogenica uniquely upregulated the expression of MHC molecules, CD80, and IFNλ in HSG cells. Concomitantly, P. melaninogenica efficiently invaded HSG cells. Sections of labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsies from 8 non-SS subjects and 15 SS patients were subjected to in situ hybridization using universal and P. melaninogenica-specific probes. Ductal cells and the areas of infiltration were heavily infected with bacteria in the LSGs with FLS. Collectively, dysbiotic oral microbiota may initiate the deregulation of SGECs and the IFN signature through bacterial invasion into ductal cells. These findings may provide new insights into the etiopathogenesis of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Alam
- Departments of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahreum Lee
- Departments of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Departments of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Il Kwon
- Departments of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Park
- Departments of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sumin Jeon
- Departments of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keumjin Baek
- Departments of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Internal medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Internal medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Departments of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Li BZ, Zhou HY, Guo B, Chen WJ, Tao JH, Cao NW, Chu XJ, Meng X. Dysbiosis of oral microbiota is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 113:104708. [PMID: 32203722 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The important role of intestinal microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been recognized. Oral-gut microbiome axis is a crucial link in human health and disease, but few researches indicated the relationship between oral microorganisms and SLE. This study mainly explored the composition and changes of oral microorganisms in SLE patients with different stages, clinical manifestations and biomarkers. DESIGN Oral microbiota was detected by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing from 20 SLE patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs). The evenness, diversity and composition of oral microbiota were analyzed. Moreover, receiver-operating characteristic analysis was conducted. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was used to investigate microbiota functions. RESULTS The oral microbiota of SLE patients was imbalanced and the diversity was decreased, but no difference was found between new-onset and treated SLE patients. Families Lactobacillaceae, Veillonellaceae and Moraxellaceae were enriched in SLE patients. Families like Corynebacteriaceae, Micrococcaceae, Defluviitaleaceae, Caulobacteraceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, Methylobacteriaceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Halomonadaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, etc. were decreased in SLE patients. After multiple testing adjustment, families Sphingomonadaceae, Halomonadaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae were significantly decreased in SLE patients. And area under the curve was 0.953 (95% confidence intervals 0.890-1.000) to distinguish SLE patients from HCs. There were differences in metabolic pathways between SLE and HCs (P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS These findings collectively support that oral microbiota dysbiosis and aberrant metabolic pathways were observed in patients with SLE. Our findings may provide suggestive evidences for the diagnosis and treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Hao-Yue Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Biao Guo
- Department of Human Resource, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Jun Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Hui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Nv-Wei Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Chu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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21
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Sharma D, Sandhya P, Vellarikkal SK, Surin AK, Jayarajan R, Verma A, Kumar A, Ravi R, Danda D, Sivasubbu S, Scaria V. Saliva microbiome in primary Sjögren's syndrome reveals distinct set of disease-associated microbes. Oral Dis 2020; 26:295-301. [PMID: 31514257 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study systematically aims to evaluate the salivary microbiome in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) using 16S rRNA sequencing approach. METHODS DNA isolation and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on saliva of 37 pSS and 35 control (CC) samples on HiSeq 2500 platform. 16S rRNA sequence analysis was performed independently using two popular computational pipelines, QIIME and less operational taxonomic units scripts (LoTuS). RESULTS There were no significant changes in the alpha diversity between saliva of patients and controls. However, four genera including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Dialister and Leptotrichia were found to be differential between the two sets, and common between both QIIME and LoTuS analysis pipelines (Fold change of 2 and p < .05). Bifidobacterium, Dialister and Lactobacillus were found to be enriched, while Leptotrichia was significantly depleted in pSS compared to the controls. Exploration of microbial diversity measures (Chao1, observed species and Shannon index) revealed a significant increase in the diversity in patients with renal tubular acidosis. An opposite trend was noted, with depletion of diversity in patients with steroids. CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that while no significant changes in the diversity of the salivary microbiome could be observed in Sjögren's syndrome compared to the controls, a set of four genera were significantly and consistently differential in the saliva of patients with pSS. Additionally, a difference in alpha diversity in patients with renal tubular acidosis and those on steroids was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Sharma
- Informatics and Big Data, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi, India
| | - Pulukool Sandhya
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Shamsudheen Karuthedath Vellarikkal
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Surin
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Rijith Jayarajan
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Verma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rowmika Ravi
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Debashish Danda
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- Informatics and Big Data, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi, India
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22
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Sembler-Møller ML, Belstrøm D, Locht H, Enevold C, Pedersen AML. Next-generation sequencing of whole saliva from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and non-Sjögren's sicca reveals comparable salivary microbiota. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1660566. [PMID: 31497258 PMCID: PMC6720018 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1660566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
To characterize and compare the salivary microbiota in patients with pSS and patients with non-Sjögren’s-related sicca, and to relate the findings to their oral health status and saliva flow rates. Methods:
Twenty-four patients fulfilled the 2016 classification criteria for pSS and 34 did not (non-pSS). A clinical examination included registration of decayed, missing and filled teeth/-surfaces and collection of whole saliva. The microbiota was characterized using next-generation sequencing of the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Data were annotated against the eHOMD database. Results:
A total of 509 different bacterial taxa were identified. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to the abundance of predominant genera, bacterial diversity and relative abundance on the genus or species level. The two groups did not differ with regard to general health, including intake of xerogenic medication and polypharmacy, oral health status or unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva flow rates. Conclusion: The salivary microbiota and oral health status, as well as salivary flow rate in patients with pSS resemble that of non-pSS patients. Our findings indicate that changes in the salivary microbiota do not appear to be determined by the disease entity pSS itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lynn Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Locht
- Department of Rheumatology, Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Lynge Pedersen
- Section for Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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van der Meulen TA, Harmsen HJM, Bootsma H, Liefers SC, Vich Vila A, Zhernakova A, Fu J, Wijmenga C, Spijkervet FKL, Kroese FGM, Vissink A. Dysbiosis of the buccal mucosa microbiome in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 57:2225-2234. [PMID: 30060225 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Environmental factors in the aetiology of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) are largely unknown. Host-microbiome interaction at mucosal surfaces is presumed to be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of pSS. Here, we assessed whether the microbiome of the buccal mucosa is specific for pSS compared with symptom-controls. Methods The bacterial composition of buccal swab samples from 37 pSS patients, 86 non-SS sicca patients (with similar dryness symptoms to pSS patients, but not fulfilling the classification criteria) and 24 healthy controls (HCs) was determined with 16S rRNA sequencing. Multivariate Association with Linear Models was used to find associations between individual taxa and pSS, taking into account smoking and dental status. Associations were replicated in a general population cohort (n = 103). Results The buccal mucosa microbiome of pSS and non-SS sicca patients both differed from HCs. A higher Firmicutes/Proteobacteria ratio was characteristic for both pSS and non-SS sicca patients. Disease status (pSS, non-SS sicca, HCs) and salivary secretion rate contributed almost equally to the variation in bacterial composition between individuals (3.8 and 4.3%, respectively). Two taxa were associated with pSS compared with non-SS sicca patients and 19 compared with HCs. When salivary secretion rate was taken into account, no taxon was associated with pSS compared with non-SS sicca. Twelve of the 19 pSS-associated taxa were correlated with salivary secretion. Conclusion Dysbiosis of the buccal mucosa microbiome in pSS patients resembles that of symptom-controls. The buccal mucosa microbiome in pSS patients is determined by a combination of reduced salivary secretion and disease-specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taco A van der Meulen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia C Liefers
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnau Vich Vila
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fred K L Spijkervet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Zhou Z, Ling G, Ding N, Xun Z, Zhu C, Hua H, Chen X. Molecular analysis of oral microflora in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome by using high-throughput sequencing. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5649. [PMID: 30280027 PMCID: PMC6166617 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to characterize the oral microflora profile of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients, thereby revealing the connection between oral bacterial composition and dental caries, and to identify the "core microbiome" in the oral cavities of pSS patients and systemic healthy individuals by using a high-throughput sequencing technique. Methods Twenty-two pSS patients and 23 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Their clinical data and oral rinse samples were collected. The V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of samples were amplified and analyzed by high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina Miseq PE300 platform. Results Both two groups were age- and sex-matched. There were significantly higher decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) in the pSS group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Alpha diversity was depleted in pSS patients, compared with healthy controls (p < 0.01), while beta diversity between the two groups was not significantly different. Seven discriminative genera (LDA > 4) were found between the two groups in LEfSe (LDA Effect Size) analysis. The relative abundance of Veillonella in pSS patients was fourfold higher, while Actinomyces, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Rothia, Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus were significantly lower in pSS patients than in healthy controls. However, the correlation between Veillonella and DMFT/DMFS was not significant (p > 0.05). In Venn diagram analysis, nine genera shared by all samples of two groups, which comprised 71.88% and 67.64% in pSS patients and controls, respectively. Discussion These findings indicate a microbial dysbiosis in pSS patients; notably, Veillonella might be recognized as a biomarker in pSS patients. The core microbiome in pSS patients was similar to the systemic healthy population. These provide insight regarding advanced microbial prevention and treatment of severe dental caries in pSS patients. This study also provides basic data regarding microbiology in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Ling
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ding
- The 3rd Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Xun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Hua
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochi Chen
- Department of Oral Biology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Medeiros CCG, dos Anjos Borges LG, Cherubini K, Salum FG, Medina da Silva R, de Figueiredo MAZ. Oral yeast colonization in patients with primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1367-1378. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Gustavo dos Anjos Borges
- Geobiology Laboratory; Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Karen Cherubini
- Department of Oral Medicine; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Salum
- Department of Oral Medicine; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Renata Medina da Silva
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory; Biosciences School; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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26
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van der Meulen TA, Harmsen HJM, Bootsma H, Liefers SC, Vich Vila A, Zhernakova A, Weersma RK, Spijkervet FKL, Kroese FGM, Vissink A. Reduced salivary secretion contributes more to changes in the oral microbiome of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome than underlying disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1542-1544. [PMID: 29572289 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taco A van der Meulen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia C Liefers
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnau Vich Vila
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fred K L Spijkervet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Wu Y, Chi X, Zhang Q, Chen F, Deng X. Characterization of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4458. [PMID: 29576948 PMCID: PMC5858547 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interactions between the gut microbiome and obesity have been extensively studied. Although the oral cavity is the gateway to the gut, and is extensively colonized with microbes, little is known about the oral microbiome in people with obesity. In the present study, we investigated the salivary microbiome in obese and normal weight healthy participants using metagenomic analysis. The subjects were categorized into two groups, obesity and normal weight, based on their BMIs. Methods We characterized the salivary microbiome of 33 adults with obesity and 29 normal weight controls using high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq). None of the selected participants had systemic, oral mucosal, or periodontal diseases. Results The salivary microbiome of the obesity group was distinct from that of the normal weight group. The salivary microbiome of periodontally healthy people with obesity had both significantly lower bacterial diversity and richness compared with the controls. The genus Prevotella, Granulicatella, Peptostreptococcus, Solobacterium, Catonella, and Mogibacterium were significantly more abundant in the obesity group; meanwhile the genus Haemophilus, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Staphylococcus were less abundant in the obesity group. We also performed a functional analysis of the inferred metagenomes, and showed that the salivary community associated with obesity had a stronger signature of immune disease and a decreased functional signature related to environmental adaptation and Xenobiotics biodegradation compared with the normal weight controls. Discussion Our study demonstrates that the microbial diversity and structure of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity are significantly different from those of normal weight controls. These results suggested that changes in the structure and function of salivary microbiome in people with obesity might reflect their susceptibility to oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopei Chi
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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28
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Bruserud Ø, Siddiqui H, Marthinussen MC, Chen T, Jonsson R, Oftedal BE, Olsen I, Husebye ES, Wolff AB. Oral microbiota in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10:1442986. [PMID: 29503707 PMCID: PMC5827717 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1442986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS-1) is a rare, childhood onset disease caused by mutations in the Autoimmune Regulator gene. The phenotypic expression is highly variable and includes disease manifestations in the oral cavity, including mucocutaneous candidiasis. Increasing evidence suggests a potential role of the skin, oral and gut microbiotas in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. To date, no information exists regarding the oral microbiota in APS-1. Objective: To assess the bacterial microbiota of whole saliva in APS-1 patients by using high throughput sequencing. Design: Whole unstimulated saliva was collected from 10 APS-1 patients and 17 healthy controls and examined by high throughput sequencing of the hypervariable region V1-V2 of 16S rRNA using the 454 GS Junior system. Metastats (http://cbcb.umd.edu/software/metastats) was used to analyse the pyrosequencing reads. Results: A reduction in the total number of bacterial genera and species was detected in APS-1 compared to healthy controls. The proportion of the major phyla Firmicutes was higher (60% vs 41%, p = 0.002) and Bacteroidetes lower (15% vs 28%, p = 0.007) in APS-1 compared to healthy controls. On the genus level, Streptococcus and Gemella were prevalent in APS-1. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a significantly altered oral microbiota in APS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Huma Siddiqui
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mihaela Cuida Marthinussen
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bergithe Eikeland Oftedal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eystein Sverre Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette Bøe Wolff
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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29
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Acharya A, Chan Y, Kheur S, Jin LJ, Watt RM, Mattheos N. Salivary microbiome in non-oral disease: A summary of evidence and commentary. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:169-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Koch CD, Gladwin MT, Freeman BA, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Morris A. Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:48-67. [PMID: 27989792 PMCID: PMC5401802 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the bioactivation and signaling actions of inorganic, dietary nitrate and nitrite now suggest a critical role for the microbiome in the development of cardiac and pulmonary vascular diseases. Once thought to be the inert, end-products of endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) heme-oxidation, nitrate and nitrite are now considered major sources of exogenous NO that exhibit enhanced vasoactive signaling activity under conditions of hypoxia and stress. The bioavailability of nitrate and nitrite depend on the enzymatic reduction of nitrate to nitrite by a unique set of bacterial nitrate reductase enzymes possessed by specific bacterial populations in the mammalian mouth and gut. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH), obesity, hypertension and CVD are linked to defects in NO signaling, suggesting a role for commensal oral bacteria to shape the development of PH through the formation of nitrite, NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. Oral supplementation with inorganic nitrate or nitrate-containing foods exert pleiotropic, beneficial vascular effects in the setting of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and in pre-clinical models of PH, while traditional high-nitrate dietary patterns are associated with beneficial outcomes in hypertension, obesity and CVD. These observations highlight the potential of the microbiome in the development of novel nitrate- and nitrite-based therapeutics for PH, CVD and their risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Koch
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Coit P, Sawalha AH. The human microbiome in rheumatic autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review. Clin Immunol 2016; 170:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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