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Zhang W, Zhao J, Zou X, Yu J, Liao J, Huang F. Multifunctional hydrogels for the healing of oral ulcers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024. [PMID: 39210659 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Oral ulcers are one of the most common oral diseases in clinical practice. Its etiology is complex and varied. Due to the dynamic nature of the oral environment, the wound surface is painful due to contact and wear, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Oral ulcers are often treated with topical drug therapy. Studies have shown that functional hydrogels play a positive role in promoting wound healing, showing unique advantages in wound dressings. In this paper, the causes and healing characteristics of oral ulcers are discussed in depth, and then the common treatment methods for oral ulcers are summarized and compared. Finally, the potential of functional hydrogels in the treatment of oral ulcers is discussed and projected through a review of the literature in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingrong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjie Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Evirgen Ş, Kahraman EN, Korcan SE, Yıldırım B, Şimşek AT, Aydın B, Ünal M. Intake of probiotics as an option for reducing oral and prosthetic microbiota: A clinical study. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00470-0. [PMID: 39174381 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The accumulation of microorganisms on complete dentures has adverse effects on general health. Precautions should be taken to prevent colonization by these harmful pathogens, but whether an intake of probiotics effectively reduces microbiota is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study was to examine the effectiveness of probiotics against the microbial colonization of dentures and the oral regions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-one edentulous participants with dentures were recruited, and samples were collected from the palate, cheek, tongue, and denture surface using sterile erasers before and after applying probiotics containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium bifidum. The count of bacterial species in the original culture was calculated by multiplying the number of colonies by the dilution factor of cells per mL [log10 (CFU/mL)] for different media. Spread plating was used to colonize in vitro. A Wilcoxon test was used to compare the groups according to time reveal. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to compare the values in the various regions studied (α=.05). RESULTS A statistical difference in microbial count was found before and after probiotic intake (P<.05). For each medium, the microbial count values were statistically lower on the tongue, palate, dentures, and cheek after probiotic intake (P<.05), except for in malt medium on dentures (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Probiotics reduced the microbial count in the oral region and showed promising results for oral health and denture hygiene. Since the oral microbiota has among the highest levels of species diversity in the human body, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şehrazat Evirgen
- Professor and Department Head, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Usak, Usak, Turkey
| | - Emine Nur Kahraman
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Safiye Elif Korcan
- Professor, Health Services Vocational School Medical Laboratory Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Usak, Usak, Turkey
| | - Bengisu Yıldırım
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Usak, Usak, Turkey
| | - Aysıla Tekeli Şimşek
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Usak, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Aydın
- Research Assistant, Health Services Vocational School Medical Laboratory Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Usak, Usak, Turkey
| | - Merve Ünal
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Usak, Usak, Turkey
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Dobrzyński M, Szymonowicz M, Nowicka J, Pajączkowska M, Nikodem A, Kuropka P, Wawrzyńska M, Rusak A. Three-Dimensional-Printed Modular Titanium Alloy Plates for Osteosynthesis of the Jawbone. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1466. [PMID: 39062039 PMCID: PMC11274415 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is frequently used in implantology due to its biocompatibility. The use of 3D printing enables the mechanical modification of implant structures and the adaptation of their shape to the specific needs of individual patients. METHODS The titanium alloy plates were designed using the 3D CAD method and printed using a 3D SLM printer. Qualitative tests were performed on the material surface using a microcomputed tomography scanner. The cytotoxicity of the modular titanium plates was investigated using the MTT assay on the L929 cell line and in direct contact with Balb/3T3 cells. Cell adhesion to the material surface was evaluated with hFOB1.19 human osteoblasts. Microbial biofilm formation was investigated on strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans using the TTC test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The surface analysis showed the hydrophobic nature of the implant. The study showed that the titanium plates had no cytotoxic properties. In addition, the material surface showed favorable properties for osteoblast adhesion. Among the microorganisms tested, the strains of S. mutans and S. epidermidis showed the highest adhesion capacity to the plate surface, while the fungus C. albicans showed the lowest adhesion capacity. CONCLUSIONS The manufactured modular plates have properties that are advantageous for the implantation and reduction in selected forms of microbial biofilm. Three-dimensional-printed modular titanium plates were investigated in this study and revealed the potential clinical application of this type of materials, regarding lack of cytotoxicity, high adhesion properties for osteoblasts and reduction in biofilm formation. The 3D CAD method allows us to personalise the shape of implants for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Szymonowicz
- Pre-Clinical Research Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Joanna Nowicka
- Department and Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Magdalena Pajączkowska
- Department and Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna Nikodem
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Wawrzyńska
- Pre-Clinical Research Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Spaggiari L, Pedretti N, Ricchi F, Pinetti D, Campisciano G, De Seta F, Comar M, Kenno S, Ardizzoni A, Pericolini E. An Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Lacticaseibacillus ( L.) rhamnosus, Lactobacillus ( L.) acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus ( L.) plantarum and Limosilactobacillus ( L.) reuteri Reveals an Upregulated Production of Inosine from L. rhamnosus. Microorganisms 2024; 12:662. [PMID: 38674606 PMCID: PMC11051988 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are considered an inexhaustible source of bioactive compounds; indeed, products from their metabolism are known to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, we demonstrated that Cell-Free Supernatants (CFS) obtained from Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus (L.) rhamnosus, and Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri can impair Candida pathogenic potential in an in vitro model of epithelial vaginal infection. This effect could be ascribed to a direct effect of living lactic acid bacteria on Candida virulence and to the production of metabolites that are able to impair fungal virulence. In the present work, stemming from these data, we deepened our knowledge of CFS from these four lactic acid bacteria by performing a metabolomic analysis to better characterize their composition. By using an untargeted metabolomic approach, we detected consistent differences in the metabolites produced by these four different lactic acid bacteria. Interestingly, L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus showed the most peculiar metabolic profiles. Specifically, after a hierarchical clustering analysis, L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus showed specific areas of significantly overexpressed metabolites that strongly differed from the same areas in other lactic acid bacteria. From the overexpressed compounds in these areas, inosine from L. rhamnosus returned with the best identification profile. This molecule has been described as having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, and neuroprotective properties. The biological significance of its overproduction by L. rhamnosus might be important in its probiotic and/or postbiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Spaggiari
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Natalia Pedretti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.P.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Francesco Ricchi
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Diego Pinetti
- Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Strumenti, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Campisciano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University Vita and Salute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (G.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Samyr Kenno
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.P.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.P.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.P.); (S.K.); (A.A.)
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Jo YH, Cho JH, Park DH, Yoon HI, Han SH, Yilmaz B. Antimicrobial activity, surface properties, and cytotoxicity of microencapsulated phytochemicals incorporated into three-dimensionally printable dental polymers. J Dent 2024; 141:104820. [PMID: 38128820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of three dimensionally-printed dental polymers (3DPs) incorporated with microencapsulated phytochemicals (MPs) and to assess their surface characteristics and cytotoxicity. METHODS MPs derived from phytoncide oil and their specific chemical components were introduced into suspensions of three microbial species: Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, and Candida albicans. Optical density was measured to determine the microbial growth in the presence of MPs for testing their antimicrobial activity. MPs at 5% (w/w) were mixed with dental polymers and dispersants to 3DP discs. These microbial species were then seeded onto the discs and incubated for 24 h. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of MP-containing 3DPs were evaluated by counting the colony-forming units (n = 3). The biofilm formation on the 3DP was assessed by crystal violet staining assay (n = 3). Microbial viability was determined using a live-dead staining and CLSM observation (n = 3). Surface roughness and water contact angle were assessed (n = 10). Cytotoxicity of MP-containing 3DPs for human gingival fibroblast was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS MPs, particularly (-)-α-pinene, suppressed the growth of all tested microbial species. MP-containing 3DPs significantly reduced the colony count (P ≤ 0.001) and biofilm formation (P ≤ 0.009), of all tested microbial species. Both surface roughness (P < 0.001) and water contact angle (P < 0.001) increased. The cytotoxicity remained unchanged after incorporating MPs to the 3DPs (P = 0.310). CONCLUSIONS MPs effectively controlled the microbial growth on 3DPs as evidenced by the colony count, biofilm formation, and cell viability. Although MPs modified the surface characteristics, they did not influence the cytotoxicity of 3DPs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Integration of MPs into 3DPs could produce dental prostheses or appliances with antimicrobial properties. This approach not only provides a proactive solution to reduce the risk of oral biofilm-related infection but also ensures the safety and biocompatibility of the material, thereby improving dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Hyeon Jo
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Dou X, Li G, Wang S, Shao D, Wang D, Deng X, Zhu Y, Gao P, Liu J, Deng N, Yuan C, Zhou Q. Probiotic-loaded calcium alginate/fucoidan hydrogels for promoting oral ulcer healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125273. [PMID: 37301354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria located in the oral cavity which exhibit antimicrobial properties and contribute to the regulation of immune function and the modulation of tissue repair. Fucoidan (FD), a marine prebiotic, may further enhance the ability of probiotics to promote ulcer healing. However, neither FD nor probiotics are attached to the oral cavity and neither are well-suited for oral ulcer healing owing to the wet and highly dynamic environment. In this study, probiotic-loaded calcium alginate/fucoidan composite hydrogels were developed for use as bioactive oral ulcer patches. The well-shaped hydrogels exhibited remarkable wet-tissue adhesion, suitable swelling and mechanical properties, sustained probiotic release, and excellent storage durability. Moreover, in vitro biological assays demonstrated that the composite hydrogel exhibited excellent cyto/hemocompatibility and antimicrobial effects. Importantly, compared to commercial oral ulcer patches, bioactive hydrogels show superior therapeutic capability for promoting ulcer healing in vivo by enhancing cell migration, inducing epithelial formation and orderly collagen fiber deposition, as well as facilitating neovascularization. These results demonstrate that this novel composite hydrogel patch demonstrates great potential for the treatment of oral ulcerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dou
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266023, China
| | - Guotai Li
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Huangdao District Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Huangdao District Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266023, China
| | - Xuyang Deng
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266023, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Pengyu Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266023, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Huangdao District Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Deng
- Department of Scientific Research, Qingdao East Sea Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Changqing Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266023, China; Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qihui Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Fallah M, Amin N, Moghadasian MH, Jafarnejad S. Probiotics for the Management of Oral Mucositis: An Interpretive Review of Current Evidence. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:269-274. [PMID: 37342370 PMCID: PMC10278207 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucositis is one of the major side effects of anti-cancer therapies. Mucositis may lead to other abnormalities such as depression, infection, and pain, especially in young patients. Although there is no specific treatment for mucositis, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological options are available to prevent its complications. Probiotics have been recently considered as a preferable protocol to lessen the complications of chemotherapy, including mucositis. Probiotics could affect mucositis by anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial mechanisms as well as augmenting the overall immune system function. These effects may be mediated through anti microbiota activities, regulating cytokine productions, phagocytosis, stimulating IgA releasement, protection of the epithelial shield, and regulation of immune responses. We have reviewed available literature pertaining to the effects of probiotics on oral mucositis in animal and human studies. While animal studies have reported protective effects of probiotics on oral mucositis, the evidence from human studies is not convincing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fallah
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Negin Amin
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammed H. Moghadasian
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
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Niu Z, Zou M, Bei T, Zhang N, Li D, Wang M, Li C, Tian H. Effect of fructooligosaccharides on the colonization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus AS 1.2466T in the gut of mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Poon Y, Hui M. Inhibitory effect of lactobacilli supernatants on biofilm and filamentation of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1105949. [PMID: 36860488 PMCID: PMC9969145 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1105949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotic Lactobacillus strains had been investigated for the potential to protect against infection caused by the major fungal pathogen of human, Candida albicans. Besides antifungal activity, lactobacilli demonstrated a promising inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and filamentation of C. albicans. On the other hand, two commonly isolated non-albicans Candida species, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, have similar characteristics in filamentation and biofilm formation with C. albicans. However, there is scant information of the effect of lactobacilli on the two species. Methods In this study, biofilm inhibitory effects of L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103, L. plantarum ATCC 8014, and L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 were tested on the reference strain C. albicans SC5314 and six bloodstream isolated clinical strains, two each of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. Results and Discussion Cell-free culture supernatants (CFSs) of L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum significantly inhibited in vitro biofilm growth of C. albicans and C. tropicalis. L. acidophilus, conversely, had little effect on C. albicans and C. tropicalis but was more effective on inhibiting C. parapsilosis biofilms. Neutralized L. rhamnosus CFS at pH 7 retained the inhibitory effect, suggesting that exometabolites other than lactic acid produced by the Lactobacillus strain might be accounted for the effect. Furthermore, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum CFSs on the filamentation of C. albicans and C. tropicalis strains. Significantly less Candida filaments were observed after co-incubating with CFSs under hyphae-inducing conditions. Expressions of six biofilm-related genes (ALS1, ALS3, BCR1, EFG1, TEC1, and UME6 in C. albicans and corresponding orthologs in C. tropicalis) in biofilms co-incubated with CFSs were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. When compared to untreated control, the expressions of ALS1, ALS3, EFG1, and TEC1 genes were downregulated in C. albicans biofilm. In C. tropicalis biofilms, ALS3 and UME6 were downregulated while TEC1 was upregulated. Taken together, the L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum strains demonstrated an inhibitory effect, which is likely mediated by the metabolites secreted into culture medium, on filamentation and biofilm formation of C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Our finding suggested an alternative to antifungals for controlling Candida biofilm.
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Modification of Polymer Based Dentures on Biological Properties: Current Update, Status, and Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810426. [PMID: 36142344 PMCID: PMC9499318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers remain an integral part of denture fabrication materials, specifically polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA). PMMA has been extensively used, particularly in construction as a denture base material. Nonetheless, various challenges, including microbial threats in the form of candidiasis occurrence, still remain a biological challenge to denture wearers. The present article comprehensively reviews the biomodifications introduced to denture components, in particular denture base material, to improve the overall biological properties, together with physical, mechanical, structural integrity, and optical properties. In addition, fundamental information specifically to PMMA as a conventional denture base material and the causative aetiological microbial agents for biological threat to dentures are explored.
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11
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Satwong N, Promsai S. Feasibility Study on Co‐culture
Bacillus coagulans
and
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
Formulated in Probiotic‐supplemented Pigmented Rice Products. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natchaya Satwong
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus Nakhon Pathom Thailand
| | - Saran Promsai
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus Nakhon Pathom Thailand
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12
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Li X, Liu Y, Yang X, Li C, Song Z. The Oral Microbiota: Community Composition, Influencing Factors, Pathogenesis, and Interventions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:895537. [PMID: 35572634 PMCID: PMC9100676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.895537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral cavity provides a habitat for oral microbial communities. The complexity of its anatomical structure, its connectivity to the outside, and its moist environment contribute to the complexity and ecological site specificity of the microbiome colonized therein. Complex endogenous and exogenous factors affect the occurrence and development of the oral microbiota, and maintain it in a dynamic balance. The dysbiotic state, in which the microbial composition is altered and the microecological balance between host and microorganisms is disturbed, can lead to oral and even systemic diseases. In this review, we discuss the current research on the composition of the oral microbiota, the factors influencing it, and its relationships with common oral diseases. We focus on the specificity of the microbiota at different niches in the oral cavity, the communities of the oral microbiome, the mycobiome, and the virome within oral biofilms, and interventions targeting oral pathogens associated with disease. With these data, we aim to extend our understanding of oral microorganisms and provide new ideas for the clinical management of infectious oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xingyou Yang
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chengwen Li
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengwen Li,
| | - Zhangyong Song
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Zhangyong Song,
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13
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Giordani B, Parolin C, Vitali B. Lactobacilli as Anti-biofilm Strategy in Oral Infectious Diseases: A Mini-Review. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:769172. [PMID: 35047965 PMCID: PMC8757881 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.769172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of biofilm-related diseases in developed countries has led to increased mortality rates and high health care costs. A biofilm is a community of microorganisms that is irreversibly attached to a surface, behaving very differently from planktonic cells and providing resistance to antimicrobials and immune response. Oral diseases are an excellent example of infection associated with the formation of highly pathogenic biofilms. It is generally accepted that, when the oral homeostasis is broken, the overgrowth of pathogens is facilitated. Among them, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are the main etiological agents of periodontitis, while Streptococcus mutans is strongly associated with the onset of dental caries. Other microorganisms, such as the fungus Candida albicans, may also be present and contribute to the severity of infections. Since the common antibiotic therapies usually fail to completely eradicate biofilm-related oral diseases, alternative approaches are highly required. In this regard, the topical administration of probiotics has recently gained interest in treating oral diseases. Thus, the present mini-review focuses on the possibility of using Lactobacillus spp. as probiotics to counteract biofilm-mediated oral infections. Many evidence highlight that Lactobacillus living cells can impede the biofilm formation and eradicate mature biofilms of different oral pathogens, by acting through different mechanisms. Even more interestingly, lactobacilli derivatives, namely postbiotics (soluble secreted products) and paraprobiotics (cell structural components) are able to trigger anti-biofilm effects too, suggesting that they can represent a novel and safer alternative to the use of viable cells in the management of biofilm-related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Liu Y, Wang J, Wu C. Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Immune System by Probiotics, Pre-biotics, and Post-biotics. Front Nutr 2022; 8:634897. [PMID: 35047537 PMCID: PMC8761849 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.634897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract harbours a complex microbial community, which interacts with the mucosal immune system closely. Gut microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining host health, which could supply various nutrients, regulate energy balance, modulate the immune response, and defence against pathogens. Therefore, maintaining a favourable equilibrium of gut microbiota through modulating bacteria composition, diversity, and their activity is beneficial to host health. Several studies have shown that probiotics and pre-biotics could directly and indirectly regulate microbiota and immune response. In addition, post-biotics, such as the bioactive metabolites, produced by gut microbiota, and/or cell-wall components released by probiotics, also have been shown to inhibit pathogen growth, maintain microbiota balance, and regulate an immune response. This review summarises the studies concerning the impact of probiotics, pre-biotics, and post-biotics on gut microbiota and immune systems and also describes the underlying mechanisms of beneficial effects of these substances. Finally, the future and challenges of probiotics, pre-biotics, and post-biotics are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratories for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases Shanxi, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratories for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases Shanxi, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratories for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases Shanxi, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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15
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Using Lactobacilli to Fight Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms on Urinary Tract Devices. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121525. [PMID: 34943738 PMCID: PMC8698619 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The low efficacy of conventional treatments and the interest in finding natural-based approaches to counteract biofilm development on urinary tract devices have promoted the research on probiotics. This work evaluated the ability of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, in displacing pre-formed biofilms of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from medical-grade silicone. Single-species biofilms of 24 h were placed in contact with each probiotic suspension for 6 h and 24 h, and the reductions in biofilm cell culturability and total biomass were monitored by counting colony-forming units and crystal violet assay, respectively. Both probiotics significantly reduced the culturability of E. coli and S. aureus biofilms, mainly after 24 h of exposure, with reduction percentages of 70% and 77% for L. plantarum and 76% and 63% for L. rhamnosus, respectively. Additionally, the amount of E. coli biofilm determined by CV staining was maintained approximately constant after 6 h of probiotic contact and significantly reduced up to 67% after 24 h. For S. aureus, only L. rhamnosus caused a significant effect on biofilm amount after 6 h of treatment. Hence, this study demonstrated the potential of lactobacilli to control the development of pre-established uropathogenic biofilms.
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16
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Probiotics as Therapeutic Tools against Pathogenic Biofilms: Have We Found the Perfect Weapon? MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial populations inhabiting a variety of natural and human-associated niches have the ability to grow in the form of biofilms. A large part of pathological chronic conditions, and essentially all the bacterial infections associated with implanted medical devices or prosthetics, are caused by microorganisms embedded in a matrix made of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Biofilm infections are generally characterized by a slow onset, mild symptoms, tendency to chronicity, and refractory response to antibiotic therapy. Even though the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to antimicrobial agents and host defenses have been deeply clarified, effective means to fight biofilms are still required. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), used as probiotics, are emerging as powerful weapons to prevent adhesion, biofilm formation, and control overgrowth of pathogens. Hence, using probiotics or their metabolites to quench and interrupt bacterial communication and aggregation, and to interfere with biofilm formation and stability, might represent a new frontier in clinical microbiology and a valid alternative to antibiotic therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the experimental and therapeutic applications of LAB to interfere with biofilm formation or disrupt the stability of pathogenic biofilms.
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17
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Bakhshi M, Salari S, Almani PGN, Afshari SAK. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of Lactobacillus reuteri against Candida species. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Surface Modification to Modulate Microbial Biofilms-Applications in Dental Medicine. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226994. [PMID: 34832390 PMCID: PMC8625127 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in materials science and nanotechnology has led to the development of advanced materials with multifunctional properties. Dental medicine has benefited from the design of such materials and coatings in providing patients with tailored implants and improved materials for restorative and functional use. Such materials and coatings allow for better acceptance by the host body, promote successful implantation and determine a reduced inflammatory response after contact with the materials. Since numerous dental pathologies are influenced by the presence and activity of some pathogenic microorganisms, novel materials are needed to overcome this challenge as well. This paper aimed to reveal and discuss the most recent and innovative progress made in the field of materials surface modification in terms of microbial attachment inhibition and biofilm formation, with a direct impact on dental medicine.
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19
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Panariello BHD, Klein MI, Dias LM, Bellini A, Costa VB, Barbugli PA, Pavarina AC. Lactobacillus casei reduces the extracellular matrix components of fluconazole-susceptible Candida albicans biofilms. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:1006-1021. [PMID: 34789040 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.2001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluconazole-sensitive (CaS) and -resistant (CaR) C. albicans were grown as single-species and dual-species biofilms with Lactobacillus casei (Lc) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lr). Single-species Lc and Lr were also evaluated. Biofilm analysis included viable plate counts, the extracellular matrix components, biomass, and structural organization. Lc reduced the viability of CaS, water-soluble polysaccharides, and eDNA in CaS + Lc biofilm. Lc biofilm presented more eDNA than CaS. The total biomass of CaS + Lc biofilm was higher than the single-species biofilms. The viability of Lc and Lr was reduced by CaR dual-species biofilms. The total and insoluble biomass in CaS + Lr was higher than in single-species CaS biofilms. Lc hindered the growth of CaS, and their association hampered matrix components linked to the structural integrity of the biofilm. These findings allow understanding of how the implementation of probiotics influences the growth of C. albicans biofilms and thereby helps with the development of novel approaches to control these biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz H D Panariello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry & Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marlise Inez Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Luana Mendonça Dias
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bellini
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Bonan Costa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
- Department of Surgery and Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Paula Aboud Barbugli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
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20
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Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances from Probiotics as Therapeutic Agents for Candida Vulvovaginitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030306. [PMID: 33802636 PMCID: PMC8002407 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can potentially prevent and treat diseases. We examined the inhibitory activity of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLISs) from potentially probiotic lactobacilli and streptococci on Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans clinical isolates from women with vulvovaginitis. Using agar well diffusion assays, BLISs inhibited both Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans isolates. The BLIS from L. pentosus isolates had the highest anti-Candida activity (33/45; 73.3%), followed by BLISs from isolates of L. paracasei subsp. paracasei (31/45; 68.9%), L. rhamnosus I (30/45; 66.7%), L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis I (30/45; 66.7%), and S. uberis II (30/45; 66.7%). Upon characterization according to the retained activity under variable physical and chemical conditions, the BLISs showed stability against heat, pH, and surfactants, but were protease-sensitive, which suggests a proteinaceous nature of the active substances. Using crystal violet assays, the BLISs reduced the Candida biofilm biomass significantly as compared to a control group that lacked BLISs. In vivo testing of the antagonistic activity was performed using the Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella) larvae model. BLISs significantly improved survival in G. mellonella larvae treated with Candida isolates on the first, second, and seventh days, as compared to larvae inoculated with Candida only (p < 0.01). The results show that BLISs can be used as biotherapeutic agents in vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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21
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Carvalho FM, Teixeira-Santos R, Mergulhão FJM, Gomes LC. The Use of Probiotics to Fight Biofilms in Medical Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010027. [PMID: 33374844 PMCID: PMC7824608 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical device-associated infections (MDAI) are a critical problem due to the increasing usage of medical devices in the aging population. The inhibition of biofilm formation through the use of probiotics has received attention from the medical field in the last years. However, this sparse knowledge has not been properly reviewed, so that successful strategies for biofilm management can be developed. This study aims to summarize the relevant literature about the effect of probiotics and their metabolites on biofilm formation in medical devices using a PRISMA-oriented (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) systematic search and meta-analysis. This approach revealed that the use of probiotics and their products is a promising strategy to hinder biofilm growth by a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. The meta-analysis showed a pooled effect estimate for the proportion of biofilm reduction of 70% for biosurfactants, 76% for cell-free supernatants (CFS), 77% for probiotic cells and 88% for exopolysaccharides (EPS). This review also highlights the need to properly analyze and report data, as well as the importance of standardizing the in vitro culture conditions to facilitate the comparison between studies. This is essential to increase the predictive value of the studies and translate their findings into clinical applications.
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22
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Antagonistic effect of isolated and commercially available probiotics on the growth of Candida albicans on acrylic resin denture surfaces. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 127:338-344. [PMID: 33250196 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Biofilms can be retained on dental prostheses leading to the development of infections. The indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs can result in the development of microorganisms that are resistant to these antimicrobial agents. Whether probiotics are a suitable alternative for reducing the prevalence of oral candidiasis is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of 6 different live strains of probiotics and 2 commercially available probiotic supplements used for inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans biofilm in heat-polymerized acrylic resin denture base material and to determine whether biofilm byproducts modify the surface of specimens. MATERIAL AND METHODS Biofilms of C. albicans were formed on acrylic resin specimens in the presence of probiotics and quantified by colony-forming units (CFUs), and the surface roughness (Ra) of the specimens was assessed before and after the formation of biofilms. The CFU and roughness data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the Tukey HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS A significant decrease in the number (CFU/mL) of C. albicans cells was found when they were cultured with 4 probiotics: B. lactis (P=.045), B. longum (P<.001), L. casei (P<.001), and L. helveticus (P<.001) and with the commercially available probiotic Prolive (P=.05). The Ra of specimens decreased after exposure to different microbial biofilms (P≤.05) except in 3 experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS In general, the tested probiotics had an antagonistic effect on the growth of C. albicans, and the surface of acrylic resin was altered after exposure to biofilm byproducts.
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23
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Mantziari A, Salminen S, Szajewska H, Malagón-Rojas JN. Postbiotics against Pathogens Commonly Involved in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1510. [PMID: 33008065 PMCID: PMC7601467 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sustainable Development goals for 2020 included reducing all causes associated with infant and perinatal mortality in their priorities. The use of compounds with bioactive properties has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy due to their stimulating effect on the host's immune system. Additionally, biotherapeutic products such as postbiotics, tentatively defined as compounds produced during a fermentation process that support health and well-being, promote intestinal barrier integrity without posing considerable risks to children's health. Although this is a concept in development, there are increasing studies in the field of nutrition, chemistry, and health that aim to understand how postbiotics can help prevent different types of infections in priority populations such as minors under the age of five. The present review aims to describe the main mechanisms of action of postbiotics. In addition, it presents the available current evidence regarding the effects of postbiotics against pathogens commonly involved in pediatric infections. Postbiotics may constitute a safe alternative capable of modulating the cellular response and stimulating the host's humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mantziari
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics at the Medical University of Warsaw, 02091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jeadran Nevardo Malagón-Rojas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia;
- Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
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24
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An S, Evans JL, Hamlet S, Love RM. Incorporation of antimicrobial agents in denture base resin: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 126:188-195. [PMID: 32800329 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture base resins (DBRs), such as polymethyl methacrylate, are commonly used in the fabrication of removable dentures because of their physical, mechanical, and esthetic properties. However, the denture base acts as a substrate for microorganism adherence and biofilm formation, which may lead to denture stomatitis and be further complicated by fungal infections, of especial importance with geriatric and immunosuppressed patients. Therefore, methods to enhance the antimicrobial property of DBRs will be beneficial. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature on the antimicrobial activity of DBRs incorporating antimicrobial agents or materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search of English peer-reviewed literature up to February 2019 reporting on antimicrobial activity of DBRs with respect to antimicrobial agents or materials, antimicrobial test effects and methods, and conclusion or knowledge gaps was conducted by using Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Search terms included denture base resin and antibacterial, denture base resin and antifungal, and denture base resin and antimicrobial. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were applied for subsequent data analysis. RESULTS Of 2536 identified articles, 28 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Antimicrobial materials were divided into 3 groups: antimicrobial monomer or copolymer, phytochemical or phytomedical components, and other compounds. Strategies on how to incorporate these substances into DBRs and their impact on the reduction and prevention of the growth of microorganisms were identified. CONCLUSIONS Although many efforts have been made to improve the antimicrobial ability of DBRs, this systematic review found that the effectiveness of incorporating of antimicrobial agents into DBRs has not been demonstrated conclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve An
- Lecturer, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jane L Evans
- Associate Professor, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Hamlet
- Senior Research Fellow, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert M Love
- Professor, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Lipinska-Zubrycka L, Klewicki R, Sojka M, Bonikowski R, Milczarek A, Klewicka E. Anticandidal activity of Lactobacillus spp. in the presence of galactosyl polyols. Microbiol Res 2020; 240:126540. [PMID: 32650136 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Yeasts have a substantial impact on the contamination and loss of food. In this study, we applied bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus as natural biopreservatives. Anticandidal strains of bacteria were selected from among 60 strains of bacteria grown which were each with nine polyols or galactosyl polyols. Polyols and galactosyl polyols can act as prebiotics for lactic acid bacteria and can enhance the antifungal properties of bacteria by affecting their metabolism. The galactosyl polyols significantly improved the anticandidal activity of most of the bacteria we tested. Based on the screening, the most promising strains of bacteria were selected, and their metabolites (both primary and secondary) and enzymatic activity were characterized in the presence of polyols and galactosyl polyols. The qualitative and quantitative content of bacterial metabolites depended both on the bacterial strain and the type of culture medium. A wide variety of antifungals produced by bacteria, such as fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids, and other acidic products with potential antagonistic activity (phenyllactic acid or hydroxyphenyllactic acid) were detected. The bacteria produced a high concentration of phenyllactic acid in the presence of galactosyl polyols (up to 84.3 mg/L). This finding could suggest that this metabolite may have a significant impact on the antifungal properties of lactobacilli against yeast. Galactosyl polyols influenced the enzymes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and hydroxylated fatty acids (esterase lipase, acid phosphatase, and α-glucosidase). The mechanism of the antifungal effect of lactobacilli may be based on the synergistic effect of their primary and secondary metabolites, in particular phenyllactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Lipinska-Zubrycka
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Łódź University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-024, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Robert Klewicki
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-024 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Michal Sojka
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-024 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Radoslaw Bonikowski
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-024, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Milczarek
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-024 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Klewicka
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Łódź University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-024, Łódź, Poland.
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26
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Zangl I, Pap IJ, Aspöck C, Schüller C. The role of Lactobacillus species in the control of Candida via biotrophic interactions. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 7:1-14. [PMID: 31921929 PMCID: PMC6946018 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.01.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities have an important role in health and disease. Candida spp. are ubiquitous commensals and sometimes opportunistic fungal pathogens of humans, colonizing mucosal surfaces of the genital, urinary, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and the oral cavity. They mainly cause local mucosal infections in immune competent individuals. However, in the case of an ineffective immune defense, Candida infections may become a serious threat. Lactobacillus spp. are part of the human microbiome and are natural competitors of Candida in the vaginal environment. Lactic acid, low pH and other secreted metabolites are environmental signals sensed by fungal species present in the microbiome. This review briefly discusses the ternary interaction between host, Lactobacillus species and Candida with regard to fungal infections and the potential antifungal and fungistatic effect of Lactobacillus species. Our understanding of these interactions is incomplete due to the variability of the involved species and isolates and the complexity of the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Zangl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), Tulln, Austria
| | - Ildiko-Julia Pap
- University Hospital of St. Pölten, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, St Pölten, Austria
| | - Christoph Aspöck
- University Hospital of St. Pölten, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, St Pölten, Austria
| | - Christoph Schüller
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), Tulln, Austria.,Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), BOKU, Tulln, Austria
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27
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Alsahhaf A, Al‐Aali KA, Alshagroud RS, Alshiddi IF, Alrahlah A, Abduljabbar T, Javed F, Vohra F. Comparison of yeast species in the subgingival oral biofilm of individuals with type 2 diabetes and peri‐implantitis and individuals with peri‐implantitis without diabetes. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1383-1389. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alsahhaf
- Department of Prosthetic Dental ScienceCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulud Abdulrahman Al‐Aali
- Department of Clinical Dental SciencesCollege of DentistryPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Saud Alshagroud
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic SciencesCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem F. Alshiddi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental ScienceCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alrahlah
- Department of Restorative Dental SciencesCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral RehabilitationCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental ScienceCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral RehabilitationCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of PeriodontologyStony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- Laboratory for Periodontal‐, Implant‐, Phototherapy (LA‐PIP)School of Dental MedicineStony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental ScienceCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral RehabilitationCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Rodrigues CF, Rodrigues ME, Henriques MC. Promising Alternative Therapeutics for Oral Candidiasis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2515-2528. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180601102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
:Candida is the main human fungal pathogen causing infections (candidiasis), mostly in the elderly and immunocompromised hosts. Even though Candida spp. is a member of the oral microbiota in symbiosis, in some circumstances, it can cause microbial imbalance leading to dysbiosis, resulting in oral diseases. Alternative therapies are urgently needed to treat oral candidiasis (usually associated to biofilms), as several antifungal drugs’ activity has been compromised. This has occurred especially due to an increasing occurrence of drugresistant in Candida spp. strains. The overuse of antifungal medications, systemic toxicity, cross-reactivity with other drugs and a presently low number of drug molecules with antifungal activity, have contributed to important clinical limitations.:We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases (PubMed Central, Elsevier’s ScienceDirect, SCOPUS and Springer’s SpringerLink) for peer-reviewed research literature using a focused review in the areas of alternatives to manage oral candidiasis. The keywords used were “candidiasis”, “oral candidiasis”, “biofilm + candida”, “alternative treatment”, “combination therapy + candida” and the reports from the last 10 to 15 years were considered for this review.:This review identified several promising new approaches in the treatment of oral candidiasis: combination anti-Candida therapies, denture cleansers, mouth rinses as alternatives for disrupting candidal biofilms, natural compounds (e.g. honey, probiotics, plant extracts and essential oils) and photodynamic therapy.:The findings of this review confirm the importance and the urgency of the development of efficacious therapies for oral candidal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia F. Rodrigues
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratorio de Investigacao em Biofilmes Rosario Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria E. Rodrigues
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratorio de Investigacao em Biofilmes Rosario Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana C.R. Henriques
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratorio de Investigacao em Biofilmes Rosario Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Kosgey JC, Jia L, Fang Y, Yang J, Gao L, Wang J, Nyamao R, Cheteu M, Tong D, Wekesa V, Vasilyeva N, Zhang F. Probiotics as antifungal agents: Experimental confirmation and future prospects. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 162:28-37. [PMID: 31071354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fungal burden throughout the world is very high and it keeps escalating due to increasing numbers of immunocompromised individuals. In contrast, the drugs used in management of fungal infections are so few some with high toxicity. Furthermore, highly resistant fungal pathogens are emerging for example Candida auris, Candida glabrata, Candida gullemondii and Aspergillus species among others. Thus now, more than ever, there is a need for combined efforts and an all round search for possible solutions to curb these problems. Therefore, the role of probiotics in management of fungal infections is indispensable. In fact, the antimicrobial activity of probiotics has been screened with promising results against microbial pathogens. Although, recent reports indicated that probiotics may also contribute to protect against fungal infections, the research done in checking antifungal activity of probiotics has used varied technology. This calls for harmonization of the methods used to screen and confirm the antimicrobial activity of probiotics and other candidate microorganisms. We therefore sought to address issues of disparity in probiotic research and their outcomes. Thus this paper is in order as it comprehensively reviews' publications, provides a summary of the methods and future prospects of probiotics as antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Cheruiyot Kosgey
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; School of biological and life sciences, Technical University of Kenya, 52428-00200, Kenya
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jianxun Yang
- WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Department of Dermatology, The 2nd Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Electron Microscopy Center, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jielin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Rose Nyamao
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Martin Cheteu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Dandan Tong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Vitalis Wekesa
- School of biological and life sciences, Technical University of Kenya, 52428-00200, Kenya; Flamingo Horticulture, Dudutech Division, P.O Box 1927, 20117, Naivasha, Kenya
| | - Natalia Vasilyeva
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, Department of Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University named after Machnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Alrabiah M, Alshagroud RS, Alsahhaf A, Almojaly SA, Abduljabbar T, Javed F. Presence of Candida species in the subgingival oral biofilm of patients with peri-implantitis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 21:781-785. [PMID: 30908836 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no studies that have investigated the presence of Candida species in the subgingival oral biofilm (OB) of patients with peri-implantitis. PURPOSE The aim was to assess the presence of Candida species in the subgingival OB of patients with peri-implantitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individuals with (group A) and without (group B) peri-implantitis were included. Life style related and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. In both groups, peri-implant plaque-index (PI), bleeding-on-probing (BOP), and probing-depth (PD) were evaluated and crestal bone loss (CBL) were measured on digital bitewing radiographs. In both groups, subgingival OB samples were collected using sterile paper points. Identification of Candida species was performed using ChromAgar medium and colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were determined. Statistical analysis was performed, and level of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The mean age of individuals in groups A (n = 43) and B (n = 41) were 52.2 ± 4.4 and 55.1 ± 2.3 years, respectively. All participants were male. In groups A and B, implants were in function for 7.4 ± 1.3 and 6.8 ± 0.6 years, respectively. Scores of peri-implant PI (P < 0.001), BOP (P < 0.001), PD (P < 0.001), and CBL (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in group A than group B. Subgingival Candida was isolated from the OB of 33 (76.7%) patients in group A and 5 (12.2%) individuals in group B. The most common yeast species was Candida albicans, which was isolated from 67.4% to 60% individuals in groups A and B, respectively. The number of subgingival oral yeasts CFU/mL were significantly higher in group A (3147.54 ± 1052.6 CFU/mL) compared with group B (496.68 ± 100.2 CFU/mL; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Candida species (predominantly C. albicans) are present in the subgingival OB of patients with peri-implantitis. Community-based efforts toward routine oral hygiene maintenance are needed to improve oral health and minimize the risks of peri-implant diseases in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrabiah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana S Alshagroud
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alsahhaf
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud A Almojaly
- Department of Dentistry, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of Periodontology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.,Laboratory for Periodontal-, Implant-, Phototherapy (LA-PIP), School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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Černáková L, Light C, Salehi B, Rogel-Castillo C, Victoriano M, Martorell M, Sharifi-Rad J, Martins N, Rodrigues CF. Novel Therapies for Biofilm-Based Candida spp. Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1214:93-123. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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de Oliveira Junior NM, Mendoza Marin DO, Leite ARP, Pero AC, Klein MI, Compagnoni MA. Influence of the use of complete denture adhesives on microbial adhesion and biofilm formation by single- and mixed-species. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203951. [PMID: 30304005 PMCID: PMC6179197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To verify whether the Ultra Corega Cream and Corega Strip Denture Adhesive adhesives interfere in the microbial adhesion and biofilm formation by Candida albicans and Lactobacillus casei in single- and mixed-species settings, and observe whether synergistic or antagonistic relationships between these species occur. Methods Specimens made from heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Lucitone 550) were fabricated (n = 144) with a circular shape and standardized roughness (3.0 μm ±0.3 Ra) and were divided into three groups: Without Adhesive (WA), with Ultra Corega Cream adhesive (CA) and Corega Strips adhesive (SA). These groups were divided into three subgroups each: C. albicans single-species, L. casei single-species and C. albicans with L. casei (mixed-species). Microbial adhesion and biofilm formation assays were performed in duplicate at four distinct experimental times (n = 8 per experimental condition). The amount of each microorganism on the surfaces of the specimens was observed by counting of the Colony Forming Units (CFU) per substrate. Additional specimens were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), with 18 specimens being used in this analysis (n = 18), 2 per experimental condition (n = 2). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons were employed, using α≤0.05. Results L. casei (mixed-species) adhered more on the WA substrate than the CA, while C. albicans (single- and mixed-species) adhered more on the SA. C. albicans, both single- and mixed-species adhered more than the L. casei (single- and mixed-species), regardless of the substrate. L. casei (single-species) formed more biofilm on the WA, but in its mixed cultivation, it had no difference of growth among the tested situations. C. albicans (single- and mixed-species) formed more biofilm on the SA than the CA, and the fungus formed more biofilm when compared to L. casei. In general, whenever a species was compared in its single- and mixed-species situation, no statistically significant difference was observed. SEM of biofilm formation assays demonstrated that L. casei single-species WA formed more biofilm than when the adhesives tested were used, and C. albicans (both single- and mixed-species) formed more biofilm on the SA than on the CA. Conclusions (1) The two denture adhesives tested increased the adhesion of C. albicans but not of L. casei; (2) biofilm formation by C. albicans (single- and mixed-species) was increased on the SA; (3) Relations of synergism or antagonism was not observed between the two microorganisms studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Martins de Oliveira Junior
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danny Omar Mendoza Marin
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rosa Perin Leite
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Pero
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlise Inêz Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Compagnoni
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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A comparative study on the potentials of nanoliposomes and nanoethosomes for Fluconazole delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Inhibitory effect of probiotic lactobacilli supernatants on single and mixed non-albicans Candida species biofilm. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 85:40-45. [PMID: 29031236 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral candidiasis is one of the most common human fungal infections. While most cases of the Candida species isolated from the oral cavity are Candida albicans, a large number of candidiasis is attributed to non-albicans Candida species. In this study, we aim to evaluate the in vitro inhibition of supernatants of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the single and mixed species biofilm of non-albicans Candida species, including Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. DESIGN Cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were prepared. Single and mixed non-albicans Candida species biofilm were formed in the 96-well microplate and on the surfaces of medical grade silicone. Biomass and cell viability were tested with crystal violet and cell counting kit-8. In order to examine the ability of the supernatant to disrupt pre-formed biofilm, supernatant was added to 24h-old biofilms. Biofilm architecture on silicone was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to examine live/dead organisms within biofilm. RESULTS Single and mixed species biofilms and cell viability of non-albicans Candida biofilms were inhibited by probiotic lactobacilli supernatants. Matrue biofilm formation was disrupted by lactobacilli supernatants added at 24h after biofilm initiation. Examination with confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that lactobacilli supernatants inhibited the mixed biofilms and damaged the cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data elucidate the inhibitory activity of probiotic lactobacilli on non-albicans Candida biofilm, so as to support their utility as an adjunctive therapeutic mode against oral candida infections.
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