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Quisiguiña Salem C, Ruiz Delgado E, Crespo Reinoso PA, Robalino JJ. Alveolar ridge preservation: A review of concepts and controversies. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2023; 14:167-176. [PMID: 37661984 PMCID: PMC10474543 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_224_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of thickness and height of the alveolar process after tooth extraction is a significant impediment to implant placement, which limits the aesthetic results of many restorative treatments. Alveolar ridge preservation can reduce bone resorption. Knowing how beneficial this procedure is can help clinicians decide if it is worth doing. The purpose of this article is to present a contemporary review of the different approaches to preserving the dimensions of the alveolar ridge. We analyze the alveolar healing process, atraumatic extraction techniques, graft materials, and controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Quisiguiña Salem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México
| | - Emilio Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Pablo A. Crespo Reinoso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - James Jerez Robalino
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México
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Guo X, Lu H, Liu C, Zhang Y, Bi L. Effects of Super-Activated Platelet Lysate on Early Healing of Tooth Extraction Sockets in Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2213-2227. [PMID: 35860524 PMCID: PMC9289175 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s363766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of super-activated platelet lysate (sPL) on wound healing of tooth extraction sockets in rats. Methods Rat models of the tooth extraction socket were established. Thirty-six rats were divided into control and sPL groups and sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 28 after tooth extraction. Bone formation in tooth extraction sockets were observed by microscopic computed tomography (micro-CT) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), interleukin 6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry; and chemokine and osteogenic gene expressions were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results sPL accelerated soft tissue wound healing in the extraction socket of rats. Micro-CT showed that the amount of bone formation and bone volume fraction were higher in the sPL group than the control 14 days after extraction. HE staining showed promotion of the formation of bony trabeculae by sPL in the apical third of the extraction socket 7 days after extraction and more mature and organized bony trabeculae in the sPL group than the control 14 days after extraction; mature bony trabeculae filling most of the fossa with lesser bone porosity in the socket in the sPL group than the control 28 days after extraction. Immunohistochemistry showed that sPL induced OPG expressions 7 and 14 days after tooth extraction but did not affect the RANKL expression while transiently promoting the IL-6 expression 7 days after extraction. PCR showed that sPL promoted chemokine expressions 7 and 14 days after extraction. The expressions of osteogenesis-related factors were higher in the sPL group than the control 7 and 28 days after extraction, while the opposite trend was observed 14 days after extraction. Conclusion sPL has a transient pro-inflammatory effect and promotes soft tissue healing and bone formation during early wound healing of extraction sockets in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Lu
- National and Local Joint Stem Cell Research & Engineering Center for Aging Diseases, Tian Qing Stem Cell Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiang Liu
- National and Local Joint Stem Cell Research & Engineering Center for Aging Diseases, Tian Qing Stem Cell Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National and Local Joint Stem Cell Research & Engineering Center for Aging Diseases, Tian Qing Stem Cell Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjia Bi
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
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Faraldi M, Mangiavini L, Conte C, Banfi G, Napoli N, Lombardi G. A novel methodological approach to simultaneously extract high-quality total RNA and proteins from cortical and trabecular bone. Open Biol 2022; 12:210387. [PMID: 35506206 PMCID: PMC9065961 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular differences between cortical and trabecular bone, of relevance to understanding the pathophysiological basis of bone diseases, can be determined only through effective isolation methods for RNA and proteins. Here we present a TRIzol-based method, which combines bone pulverization and homogenization to extract simultaneously total RNA and proteins from human cortical and trabecular bone from the same carrot. RNA integrity and purity were determined as the 260/280 nm and 260/230 nm absorbance ratios and the 28S/18S rRNA ratio. Protein integrity and quality were evaluated by Coomassie blue staining. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting for bone-specific genes and proteins were performed to verify the suitability of the isolated material in downstream applications. The 260/280 nm and 260/230 nm absorbance ratios were, on average, less than or equal to 1.8. Bands on agarose gel were consistent with intact RNA, with mean 28S/18S ratios of 1.68 ± 0.35 and 1.88 ± 0.10 for cortical and trabecular bone, respectively. Band patterns after Coomassie blue staining confirmed protein integrity. Successful gene and protein expression analysis, with relevant differences between the two compartments, highlighted the suitability of the material in downstream applications. The method presented here is appropriate and effective for the study of human bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy,Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Salehiamin M, Toolee H, Azami M, Tafti SHA, Mojaverrostami S, Halimi S, Barakzai S, Sobhani A, Abbasi Y. Chitosan Scaffold Containing Periostin Enhances Sternum Bone Healing and Decreases Serum Level of TNF-α and IL-6 after Sternotomy in Rat. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:839-852. [PMID: 35199306 PMCID: PMC9294132 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the aftermath of bone injuries, such as cranium and sternum, bone wax (BW) is used to control bleeding from the bone surfaces during surgery. Made up of artificial substances, however, it is associated with many complications such as inflammation, increased risk for infection, and bone repair delay. We, therefore, in this study set out to design and evaluate a novel BW without the above-mentioned side-effects reported for other therapies. METHODS The pastes (new BW(s)) were prepared in the laboratory and examined by MTT, MIC, MBC, and degradability tests. Then, 60 adult male Wistar rats, divided into six equal groups including chitosan (CT), CT-octacalcium phosphate (OCP), CT-periostin (Post), CT-OCP-Post, Control (Ctrl), and BW, underwent sternotomy surgery. Once the surgeries were completed, the bone repair was assessed radiologically and thereafter clinically in vivo and in vitro using CT-scan, H&E, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS All pastes displayed antibacterial properties and the CT-Post group had the highest cell viability compared to the control group. In contrast to the BW, CT-Post group demonstrated weight changes in the degradability test. In the CT-Post group, more number of osteocyte cells, high trabeculae percentage, and the least fibrous connective tissue were observed compared to other groups. Additionally, in comparison to the CT and Ctrl groups, higher alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as decreased level of serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and OCN in the CT-Post group was evident. Finally, Runx2, OPG, and RANKL genes' expression was significantly higher in the CT-Post group than in other groups. CONCLUSION Our results provide insights into the desirability of pastes in terms of cellular viability, degradability, antibacterial properties, and surgical site restoration compared to the BW group. Besides, Periostin could enhance the osteogenic properties of bone tissue defect site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Salehiamin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidar Toolee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Mojaverrostami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Halimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shogoofa Barakzai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aligholi Sobhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasaman Abbasi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Qu S, Yang K, Chen L, Liu M, Geng Q, He X, Li Y, Liu Y, Tian J. Cinnamaldehyde, a Promising Natural Preservative Against Aspergillus flavus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2895. [PMID: 31921070 PMCID: PMC6930169 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of food spoilage due to Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) needs to be resolved. In this study, we found that the minimum inhibitory concentration of cinnamaldehyde (CA) that inhibited A. flavus was 0.065 mg/ml and that corn can be prevented from spoiling at a concentration of 0.13 mg/cm3. In addition to inhibiting spore germination, mycelial growth, and biomass production, CA can also reduce ergosterol synthesis and can cause cytomembrane damage. Our intention was to elucidate the antifungal mechanism of CA. Flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and western blot were used to reveal that different concentrations of CA can cause a series of apoptotic events in A. flavus, including elevated Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m ), the release of cytochrome c, the activation of metacaspase, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and DNA damage. Moreover, CA significantly increased the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (Mst3, Stm1, AMID, Yca1, DAP3, and HtrA2). In summary, our results indicate that CA is a promising antifungal agent for use in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Qu
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kunlong Yang
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Man Liu
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingru Geng
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaona He
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yongguo Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Tian
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Matsumoto G, Hashizume C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi M, Okazaki T. Deficiency of sphingomyelin synthase 1 but not sphingomyelin synthase 2 reduces bone formation due to impaired osteoblast differentiation. Mol Med 2019; 25:56. [PMID: 31847800 PMCID: PMC6918654 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are two isoforms of sphingomyelin synthase (SMS): SMS1 and SMS2. SMS1 is located in the Golgi apparatus only while SMS2 is located in both the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. SMS1 and SMS2 act similarly to generate sphingomyelin (SM). We have undertaken the experiments reported here on SMS and osteoblast differentiation in order to better understand the role SMS plays in skeletal development. Methods We analyzed the phenotype of a conditional knockout mouse, which was generated by mating a Sp7 promoter-driven Cre-expressing mouse with an SMS1-floxed SMS2-deficient mouse (Sp7-Cre;SMS1f/f;SMS2−/− mouse). Results When we compared Sp7-Cre;SMS1f/f;SMS2−/− mice with C57BL/6, SMS2-deficient mice (SMS1f/f;SMS2−/−) and SP7-Cre positive control mice (Sp7-Cre, Sp7-Cre;SMS1+/+;SMS2+/− and Sp7-Cre;SMS1+/+;SMS2−/−), we found that although cartilage formation is normal, Sp7-Cre;SMS1f/f;SMS2−/− mice showed reduced trabecular and cortical bone mass, had lower bone mineral density, and had a slower mineral apposition rate than control mice. Next, we have used a tamoxifen-inducible knockout system in vitro to show that SMS1 plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation. We cultured osteoblasts derived from ERT2-Cre;SMS1f/fSMS2−/− mice. We observed impaired differentiation of these cells in response to Smad1/5/8 and p38 that were induced by bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2). However, Erk1/2 phosphorylation was unaffected by inactivation of SMS1. Conclusions These findings provide the first genetic evidence that SMS1 plays a role in bone development by regulating osteoblast development in cooperation with BMP2 signaling. Thus, SMS1 acts as an endogenous signaling component necessary for bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goichi Matsumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Chieko Hashizume
- Department of Medicine, Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- Department of Bone and Joint Disease, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Wang W, Junior JRP, Nalesso PRL, Musson D, Cornish J, Mendonça F, Caetano GF, Bártolo P. Engineered 3D printed poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/graphene scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:759-770. [PMID: 30948113 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds are important physical substrates for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Multiple factors could influence the optimal design of scaffolds for a specific tissue, such as the geometry, the materials used to modulate cell proliferation and differentiation, its biodegradability and biocompatibility. The optimal design of a scaffold for a specific tissue strongly depends on both materials and manufacturing processes. Previous studies of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) seeded on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/graphene scaffolds have proved that the addition of small concentrations of graphene to PCL scaffolds improves cell proliferation. Based on such results, this paper further investigates, for the first time, both in vitro and in vivo characteristics of 3D printed PCL/graphene scaffolds. Scaffolds were evaluated from morphological, biological and short term immune response points of view. Results show that the produced scaffolds induce an acceptable level of immune response, suggesting high potential for in vivo applications. Finally, the scaffolds were used to treat a rat calvaria critical size defect with and without applying micro electrical stimulation (10 μA). Quantification of connective and new bone tissue formation and the levels of ALP, RANK, RANKL, OPG were considered. Results show that the use of scaffolds containing graphene and electrical stimulation seems to increase cell migration and cell influx, leading to new tissue formation, well-organized tissue deposition and bone remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Wang
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Paulo Roberto Lopes Nalesso
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Hermínio Ometto University Centre, Araras 13607339, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Musson
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Fernanda Mendonça
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Hermínio Ometto University Centre, Araras 13607339, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ferreira Caetano
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Hermínio Ometto University Centre, Araras 13607339, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Ahmad Hairi H, Jamal JA, Aladdin NA, Husain K, Mohd Sofi NS, Mohamed N, Mohamed IN, Shuid AN. Demethylbelamcandaquinone B (Dmcq B) Is the Active Compound of Marantodes pumilum var. alata (Blume) Kuntze with Osteoanabolic Activities. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071686. [PMID: 29997309 PMCID: PMC6100564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens have attracted considerable attention for their potential in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Recently, a phytoestrogen-rich herbal plant, Marantodes pumilum var. alata (Blume) Kuntze was reported to protect against bone loss in ovariectomized rat. However, the bioactive compound responsible for these effects and the underlying mechanism were not known. Through bioassay-guided isolation, demethylbelamcandaquinone B (Dmcq B) was isolated and identified from Marantodes pumilum var. alata leaf extract. In terms of its bone anabolic effects, Dmcq B was at par with 17β-estradiol (E2), in promoting the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast cells. Dmcq-B increased early differentiation markers, collagen content and enzymatic ALP activity. It was demonstrated to regulate BMP2 signaling pathway which further activated the transcription factor, osterix. Subsequently, Dmcq B was able to increase the osteocalcin expression which promoted matrix mineralization as evidenced by the increase in calcium deposition. Dmcq B also reduced the protein level of receptor activator of NF-κβ ligand (RANKL) and promoted osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein expression by osteoblast cells, therefore hastening bone formation rate by decreasing RANKL/OPG ratio. Moreover, Dmcq B was able to increase ER expression, postulating its phytoestrogen property. As the conclusion, Dmcq B is the active compound isolated from Marantodes pumilum var. alata leaves, regulating osteoanabolic activities potentially through the BMP2 and ER signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haryati Ahmad Hairi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jamia Azdina Jamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Ashila Aladdin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Khairana Husain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Suhaili Mohd Sofi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Tian J, Gan Y, Pan C, Zhang M, Wang X, Tang X, Peng X. Nerol-induced apoptosis associated with the generation of ROS and Ca 2+ overload in saprotrophic fungus Aspergillus flavus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6659-6672. [PMID: 29860589 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of food with Aspergillus flavus and subsequent aflatoxins is one of the most serious safety problems in the world. In this study of nerol (NEL)'s antifungal mechanism of action, we observed morphological and physiological changes in Aspergillus flavus. We found that NEL resulted in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ions (Ca2+). On ROS assays, compared with the controls, the proportion of fluorescent cells treated with concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 μL/mL NEL increased to 8.4 ± 1.07%, 10.2 ± 1.72%, 13.4 ± 0.50%, and 26.2 ± 4.21%, respectively. Increased mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by the interactions between Ca2+ and ROS subsequently activate the release of cytochrome c and caspase activity. Characteristic changes of apoptosis were also observed via various detection methods, including phosphatidylserine externalization, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation. Meanwhile, we found that the expression of CaMKs increased significantly in NEL-treated cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that NEL has great potential as an eco-friendly antifungal agent for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China. .,Key Lab for New Drug Research of TCM and Shenzhen Branch, State R&D Centre for Viro-Biotech, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yeyun Gan
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Pan
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Key Lab for New Drug Research of TCM and Shenzhen Branch, State R&D Centre for Viro-Biotech, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Key Lab for New Drug Research of TCM and Shenzhen Branch, State R&D Centre for Viro-Biotech, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Peng
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Cepollaro S, Della Bella E, de Biase D, Visani M, Fini M. Evaluation of RNA from human trabecular bone and identification of stable reference genes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4401-4407. [PMID: 29206301 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of good quality RNA from tissues is an essential prerequisite for gene expression analysis to study pathophysiological processes. This study evaluated the RNA isolated from human trabecular bone and defined a set of stable reference genes. After pulverization, RNA was extracted with a phenol/chloroform method and then purified using silica columns. The A260/280 ratio, A260/230 ratio, RIN, and ribosomal ratio were measured to evaluate RNA quality and integrity. Moreover, the expression of six candidates was analyzed by qPCR and different algorithms were applied to assess reference gene stability. A good purity and quality of RNA was achieved according to A260/280 and A260/230 ratios, and RIN values. TBP, YWHAZ, and PGK1 were the most stable reference genes that should be used for gene expression analysis. In summary, the method proposed is suitable for gene expression evaluation in human bone and a set of reliable reference genes has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cepollaro
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Della Bella
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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Biological Effects of Orthodontic Tooth Movement Into the Grafted Alveolar Cleft. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:605-615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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