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Rodrigues Oliveira SM, Dias E, Girol AP, Silva H, Pereira MDL. Exercise Training and Verbena officinalis L. Affect Pre-Clinical and Histological Parameters. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3115. [PMID: 36432843 PMCID: PMC9699298 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Verbena officinalis L. or vervain is an herbal medicine and dietary supplement used worldwide. It is used for antidepressant and anticonvulsant purposes, as well as to treat inflammatory disorders, skin burns, abrasions, and gastric diseases, among others. Here, we investigated the biochemical, antioxidant, and histopathological effects of vervain against chronic physical stress. Male Wistar rats were submitted to chronic physical training and oral administration of 200 mg/kg of extract for 7 weeks. Control animals were not treated with either stress or vervain. Body weight was monitored during the study. Liver, kidney, spleen, testis, epididymis, heart, skeletal muscle, and brain samples were collected. Blood cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin, and creatinine kinase (CREA), among others, were studied. Glutathione peroxidase (GPox) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant activity was analyzed in the blood, liver, and kidney. Testosterone measurements were also performed on whole testis extracts. We found significant weight ratios differences in the epididymis, brain, and heart. Animals submitted to training showed hemorrhagic livers. Kidney histology was affected by both stress and vervain. Cell disruption and vacuolization were observed in the testes and epididymis of animals submitted to stress. Hematological and biochemical markers as CREA, LDH, TP, CKI, URCA, γGT, and glucose revealed statistically significantly differences. Additionally, the activity of glutathione peroxide (GPox) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood was also impacted. Both stress and vervain have significant in vivo effects. Infusions of vervain include phenylpropanoids, iridoids, verbenalin, hastatoside, and flavonoids, amongst others, which interact synergistically to produce the preclinical effects reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M. Rodrigues Oliveira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Elsa Dias
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Hospital Center of Baixo Vouga, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Girol
- Padre Albino University Centre, Catanduva 15806-310, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Alkan B, Ozalevli S, Akkoyun Sert O. Maximal exercise outcomes with a face mask: the effects of gender and age differences on cardiorespiratory responses. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:2231-2237. [PMID: 34837141 PMCID: PMC8625666 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Surgical masks have become an important accessory of physical activity in daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims To determine the effects of the surgical mask on respiratory gas exchange parameters, dyspnoea, and hemodynamic responses during maximal exercise in different age groups and gender. Methods Twenty-six healthy participants between 18 and 65 years (mean 37.35 ± 15.99) performed a maximal exercise test twice randomly, with and without a mask. To determine the respiratory gas exchange parameters (peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), minute ventilation (VE), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory rate), and hemodynamic responses, each participant underwent a maximal exercise test with Bruce protocol on the treadmill. The modified Borg scale (MBS) was used to determine the dyspnoea before and after exercise test. Results Test duration (min), metabolic equivalents (MET), VO2peak ml/kg/min, respiratory rate, and peak heart rate (HRpeak) of young participants after exercise test with and without a mask were higher than in middle-aged participants (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between males and females in test duration, VO2peak ml/kg/min, VO2peak ml/min, MET, VE l/min, respiratory rate, MBS, and EE in masked tests (p > 0.05). Conclusion The surgical mask use affected the maximal exercise capacity of middle-aged participants more than young participants. Although males performed better than females in tests without masks, the decrease in exercise capacity with mask use was greater than in females. Advanced age and male gender may be factors that need more attention during exercise with mask use. Trial registration number and date NCT04498546—02/17/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Alkan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. .,Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department, School of Health Sciences, KTO Karatay University, Alaaddin Kap St. No:130, 42020, Karatay, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Sevgi Ozalevli
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Akkoyun Sert
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department, School of Health Sciences, KTO Karatay University, Alaaddin Kap St. No:130, 42020, Karatay, Konya, Turkey
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Sone R, Matsuba K, Tahara R, Eda N, Kosaki K, Jesmin S, Miyakawa S, Watanabe K. Assessment of Salivary Nitric Oxide Levels in Elite University Athletes in Japan: Findings From a Cross Sectional Study Design. J Clin Med Res 2019; 11:114-120. [PMID: 30701003 PMCID: PMC6340678 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-intensity exercise affects the level of salivary nitric oxide (NO) with an impact on oxidative stress such as a reactive nitrogen-oxide species. However, in athletes with high-intensity training, the relationship between salivary NO levels and oxidative stress is yet to be clear. Additionally, the association of salivary NO levels and the common health disorders of athletes is unknown. Thus, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to clarify the relationship between salivary NO levels and oxidative stress, and the health/medical disorders existing in elite class university athletes. Methods In 250 athletes (males, 151 and females, 99) from undergraduate levels of Japanese University, we investigated the relationship between levels of salivary NO and oxidative stress markers: derived reactive oxygen species (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and also examined that whether salivary NO levels are associated with diseases. Results There were no significant association between the levels of salivary NO and oxidative stress markers (such as d-ROM and BAP). From the questionnaire, asthma was the most prevalent as evident from medical history of the athletes. Additionally, the salivary NO levels were higher (520 ± 43 µmol/L vs. 375 ± 13 µmol/L, P < 0.05) in the asthma group (n = 9) than in the non-asthma group (n = 241). We determined the optimal cut-off value (P = 0.019) of the salivary NO levels for asthma was 425 µmol/L, with a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 61.8% (area under the curve (AUC), 0.73). Conclusions Our results suggest that the high levels of salivary NO in trained university athletes in Japan may potentially predict asthma. And this salivary NO level is not associated with markers of oxidative stress and existing diseases in athletes studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sone
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kai Matsuba
- Tsukuba Sports Medicine and Health Science Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Rei Tahara
- Sports Research and Development Core, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Eda
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Keisei Kosaki
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Subrina Jesmin
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shumpei Miyakawa
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Soliman AF, El-Olemy GG, Hassan WA, Shaker RHM, Abdullah OA. Impact of an intensive dynamic exercise program on oxidative stress and on the outcome in patients with fibromyalgia. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-161x.189642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Schmitt GC, Arbo MD, Lorensi AL, Jacques ALB, Nascimento SND, Mariotti KDC, Garcia SC, Dallegrave E, Leal MB, Limberger RP. Gender differences in biochemical markers and oxidative stress of rats after 28 days oral exposure to a mixture used for weight loss containing p-synephrine, ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The association of p-synephrine, ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine in dietary supplements and weight loss products is very common worldwide, even though ephedrine has been prohibited in many countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate a 28-day oral exposure toxicity profile of p-synephrine, ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine mixture (10:4:6:80 w/w respectively) in male and female Wistar rats. Body weight and signs of toxicity, morbidity, and mortality were observed daily. After 28 days, animals were euthanized and blood collected for hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress evaluation. No clinical signs of toxicity, significant weight loss or deaths occurred, nor were there any significant alterations in hematological parameters. Biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers showed lipid peroxidation, and hepatic and renal damage (p < 0.05; ANOVA/Bonferroni) in male rats (100 and 150 mg/kg) and a reduction (p < 0.05; ANOVA/Bonferroni) in glutathione (GSH) levels in all male groups. Female groups displayed no indications of oxidative stress or biochemical alterations. The different toxicity profile displayed by male and female rats suggests a hormonal influence on mixture effects. Results demonstrated that the tested mixture can alter oxidative status and promote renal and hepatic damages.
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Wiecek M, Maciejczyk M, Szymura J, Szygula Z, Kantorowicz M. Changes in Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants in the Blood Following Anaerobic Exercise in Men and Women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143499. [PMID: 26600020 PMCID: PMC4658038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare changes in total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and the concentration of VitA, VitE, VitC, uric acid (UA), reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in blood within 24 hours following anaerobic exercise (AnEx) among men and women. Methods 10 women and 10 men performed a 20-second bicycle sprint (AnEx). Concentrations of oxidative stress indicators were measured before AnEx and 3, 15 and 30 minutes and 1 hour afterwards. UA, GSH and GSSH were also measured 24 hours after AnEx. Lactate and H+ concentrations were measured before and 3 minutes after AnEx. Results The increase in lactate and H+ concentrations following AnEx was similar in both sexes. Changes in the concentrations of all oxidative stress indicators were significant and did not differ between men and women. In both sexes, TOS, TAC, TOS/TAC and VitA and VitE concentrations were the highest 3 minutes, VitC concentration was the highest 30 minutes, and UA concentration was the highest 1 hour after AnEx. GSH concentration was significantly lower than the initial concentration from 15 minutes to 24 hour after AnEx. GSSG concentration was significantly higher, while the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly lower than the initial values 1 hour and 24 hour after AnEx. Conclusions With similar changes in lactate and H+ concentrations, AnEx induces the same changes in TAC, TOS, TOS/TAC and non-enzymatic antioxidants of low molecular weight in men and women. Oxidative stress lasted at least 24 hours after AnEx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kantorowicz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Andriichuk A, Tkachenko H, Kurhaluk N. Gender Differences of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Erythrocyte Damage in Well-Trained Horses During Exercise. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Richie JP, Nichenametla S, Neidig W, Calcagnotto A, Haley JS, Schell TD, Muscat JE. Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:251-63. [PMID: 24791752 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant endogenous antioxidant, is a critical regulator of oxidative stress and immune function. While oral GSH has been shown to be bioavailable in laboratory animal models, its efficacy in humans has not been established. Our objective was to determine the long-term effectiveness of oral GSH supplementation on body stores of GSH in healthy adults. METHODS A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on GSH levels in blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells was conducted in 54 non-smoking adults. Secondary outcomes on a subset of subjects included a battery of immune markers. RESULTS GSH levels in blood increased after 1, 3 and 6 months versus baseline at both doses. At 6 months, mean GSH levels increased 30-35 % in erythrocytes, plasma and lymphocytes and 260 % in buccal cells in the high-dose group (P < 0.05). GSH levels increased 17 and 29 % in blood and erythrocytes, respectively, in the low-dose group (P < 0.05). In most cases, the increases were dose and time dependent, and levels returned to baseline after a 1-month washout period. A reduction in oxidative stress in both GSH dose groups was indicated by decreases in the oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio in whole blood after 6 months. Natural killer cytotoxicity increased >twofold in the high-dose group versus placebo (P < 0.05) at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS These findings show, for the first time, that daily consumption of GSH supplements was effective at increasing body compartment stores of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, H069, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA,
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Sarıfakıoğlu B, Güzelant AY, Güzel EC, Güzel S, Kızıler AR. Effects of 12-week combined exercise therapy on oxidative stress in female fibromyalgia patients. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34:1361-7. [PMID: 24610539 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-014-2978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of exercise therapy on the oxidative stress in fibromyalgia patients and relationship between oxidative stress and fibromyalgia symptoms. Thirty women diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology preliminary criteria, and 23 healthy women whose age- and weight-matched women were enrolled the study. Pain intensity with visual analog scale (VAS), the number of tender points, the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ), the Beck depression inventory (BDI) were evaluated. The oxidative stress parameters thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyls, and nitric oxide, and antioxidant parameters thiols and catalase were investigated in patients and control group. After, combined aerobic and strengthen exercise regimen was given to fibromyalgia group. Exercise therapy consisted of a warming period of 10 min, aerobic exercises period of 20 min, muscle strengthening exercises for 20 min, and 10 min cooling down period. Therapy was lasting 1 h three times per week over a 12-week period. All parameters were reevaluated after the treatment in the patient group. The oxidative stress parameters levels were significantly higher, and antioxidant parameters were significantly lower in patients with fibromyalgia than in the controls. VAS, FIQ, and BDI scores decreased significantly with exercise therapy. The exercise improved all parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters. Also, all clinical parameters were improved with exercise. We should focus on oxidative stress in the treatment for fibromyalgia with the main objective of reducing oxidative load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Sarıfakıoğlu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, 100, Yıl Mah, Barbaros Cad. Merkez, Tekirdağ, Turkey,
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Kabasakalis A, Tsalis G, Zafrana E, Loupos D, Mougios V. Effects of endurance and high-intensity swimming exercise on the redox status of adolescent male and female swimmers. J Sports Sci 2014; 32:747-56. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.850595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Kabasakalis
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Tsalis
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Demetrios Loupos
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ke C, Liu X, Zuo H, Zhao J, Yang X, Yuan J. The oxidative damage of Bisphenol A on the organs of the mice. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.57160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Taylor L, Hillman AR, Midgley AW, Peart DJ, Chrismas B, McNaughton LR. Hypoxia-mediated prior induction of monocyte-expressed HSP72 and HSP32 provides protection to the disturbances to redox balance associated with human sub-maximal aerobic exercise. Amino Acids 2012; 43:1933-44. [PMID: 22441647 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HSP72 is rapidly expressed in response to a variety of stressors in vitro and in vivo (including hypoxia). This project sought a hypoxic stimulus to elicit increases in HSP72 and HSP32 in attempts to confer protection to the sub-maximal aerobic exercise-induced disturbances to redox balance. Eight healthy recreationally active male subjects were exposed to five consecutive days of once-daily hypoxia (2,980 m, 75 min). Seven days prior to the hypoxic acclimation period, subjects performed 60 min of cycling on a cycle ergometer (exercise bout 1-EXB1), and this exercise bout was repeated 1 day post-cessation of the hypoxic period (exercise bout 2-EXB2). Blood samples were taken immediately pre- and post-exercise and 1, 4 and 8 h post-exercise for HSP72 and immediately pre, post and 1 h post-exercise for HSP32, TBARS and glutathione [reduced (GSH), oxidised (GSSG) and total (TGSH)], with additional blood samples obtained immediately pre-day 1 and post-day 5 of the hypoxic acclimation period for the same indices. Monocyte-expressed HSP32 and HSP72 were analysed by flow cytometry, with measures of oxidative stress accessed by commercially available kits. There were significant increases in HSP72 (P < 0.001), HSP32 (P = 0.03), GSSG (t = 9.5, P < 0.001) and TBARS (t = 5.6, P = 0.001) in response to the 5-day hypoxic intervention, whereas no significant changes were observed for GSH (P = 0.22) and TGSH (P = 0.25). Exercise-induced significant increases in HSP72 (P < 0.001) and HSP32 (P = 0.003) post-exercise in EXB1; this response was absent for HSP72 (P ≥ 0.79) and HSP32 (P ≥ 0.99) post-EXB2. The hypoxia-mediated increased bio-available HSP32 and HSP72 and favourable alterations in glutathione redox, prior to exercise commencing in EXB2 compared to EXB1, may acquiesce the disturbances to redox balance encountered during the second physiologically identical exercise bout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Taylor
- Muscle Cellular and Molecular Physiology (MCMP) and Applied Sport and Exercise Science (ASEP) Research Groups, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Campus, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, Bedfordshire MK41 9EA, UK.
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Long-term voluntary exercise, representing habitual exercise, lowers visceral fat and alters plasma amino acid levels in mice. Environ Health Prev Med 2011; 17:275-84. [PMID: 22052204 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-011-0249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the impact of long-term voluntary exercise, representing habitual exercise for the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases, on glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in mice. METHODS Twenty-four mice aged 6 weeks were divided into three groups. Two groups (16 mice) were housed individually in either cages equipped with a running wheel (8 mice, exercising, Ex-mice) or without (8 mice, sedentary, Se-mice) for 24 weeks. The remaining group (8 mice) was sacrificed at 6 weeks of age. Biomarkers related to glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism were examined. RESULTS Ex-mice ran voluntarily, predominantly in the dark. The distance per day peaked at 4 weeks and then decreased until 12 weeks to around the level seen at the beginning of the experimental period, and was maintained at 4.9 ± 0.2 km/day from 12 to 24 weeks. Ex-mice showed a similar adrenal weight and vitamin C content to Se-mice but had a significantly lower body weight and higher food intake. Ex-mice also showed a higher skeletal muscle weight, a lower white adipose tissue and liver weight, associated with lower plasma leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, and a lower hepatic triglyceride content. Analysis of plasma amino acids showed that Ex-mice had significantly higher phenylalanine, tyrosine, and glutamine levels, resulting in a significantly lower Fischer's ratio. CONCLUSIONS We present an animal model of long-term voluntary exercise under low stress. Findings related to the effects of long-term voluntary exercise on lipid, and amino acid metabolism in our mouse model indicate that such an exercise regimen may affect pathophysiological states related to appetite and behavior.
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Martarelli D, Cocchioni M, Scuri S, Pompei P. Diaphragmatic Breathing Reduces Postprandial Oxidative Stress. J Altern Complement Med 2011; 17:623-8. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2010.0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Martarelli
- School of Pharmacy, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Mario Cocchioni
- School of Pharmacy, Hygiene and Public Health Research Centre, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Stefania Scuri
- School of Pharmacy, Hygiene and Public Health Research Centre, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Pompei
- School of Pharmacy, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Effect of a Probiotic Intake on Oxidant and Antioxidant Parameters in Plasma of Athletes During Intense Exercise Training. Curr Microbiol 2011; 62:1689-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-9915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Martarelli D, Cocchioni M, Scuri S, Pompei P. Diaphragmatic breathing reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:932430. [PMID: 19875429 PMCID: PMC3139518 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Diaphragmatic breathing is relaxing and therapeutic, reduces stress, and is a fundamental procedure of Pranayama Yoga, Zen, transcendental meditation and other meditation practices. Analysis of oxidative stress levels in people who meditate indicated that meditation correlates with lower oxidative stress levels, lower cortisol levels and higher melatonin levels. It is known that cortisol inhibits enzymes responsible for the antioxidant activity of cells and that melatonin is a strong antioxidant; therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of diaphragmatic breathing on exercise-induced oxidative stress and the putative role of cortisol and melatonin hormones in this stress pathway. We monitored 16 athletes during an exhaustive training session. After the exercise, athletes were divided in two equivalent groups of eight subjects. Subjects of the studied group spent 1 h relaxing performing diaphragmatic breathing and concentrating on their breath in a quiet place. The other eight subjects, representing the control group, spent the same time sitting in an equivalent quite place. Results demonstrate that relaxation induced by diaphragmatic breathing increases the antioxidant defense status in athletes after exhaustive exercise. These effects correlate with the concomitant decrease in cortisol and the increase in melatonin. The consequence is a lower level of oxidative stress, which suggests that an appropriate diaphragmatic breathing could protect athletes from long-term adverse effects of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Martarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
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Balc ŞS, Okudan N, Pepe H, Gökbel H, Revan S, Kurtoğlu F, AkkuŞ H. Changes in Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Capacity During Walking and Running of the Same and Different Intensities. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:2545-50. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b22ab2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pepe H, Balci ŞS, Revan S, Akalin PP, Kurtoğlu F. Comparison of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity before and after running exercises in both sexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 6:587-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Sureda A, Ferrer MD, Tauler P, Tur JA, Pons A. Lymphocyte antioxidant response and H2O2production after a swimming session: Gender differences. Free Radic Res 2009; 42:312-9. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760801989926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ferrer MD, Tauler P, Sureda A, Tur JA, Pons A. Antioxidant regulatory mechanisms in neutrophils and lymphocytes after intense exercise. J Sports Sci 2009; 27:49-58. [PMID: 19031335 DOI: 10.1080/02640410802409683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess the effects of a swimming session on the peripheral blood neutrophil and lymphocyte pro- and antioxidant system, identify any differences between the sexes and the regulatory mechanisms that might induce the immune cell adaptive response to exercise. Twenty-four swimmers (15 males, 9 females) participated in a one-hour swimming session at 75-80% of their maximal capacity. The session induced neutrophilia and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and ascorbate levels in neutrophils. Malondialdehyde rose in neutrophils in males and females, whereas the carbonyl index only increased in males. Lymphocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in males at baseline and rose as a consequence of exercise. The exercise decreased uncoupling protein-3 and Bcl-2 gene expression. The expression of PPARgamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1alpha) correlated positively with that of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and catalase. In summary, a swimming session of one hour at 75-80% of maximal capacity produced oxidative damage in neutrophils and induced the antioxidant defences in lymphocytes. PGC-1alpha and SIRT3 appear to be key effectors of this adaptive response in lymphocytes. Both the neutrophil and lymphocyte response to exercise were slightly weaker in females than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel D Ferrer
- Biologia Fonamental i Ciencies de la Salut, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Nikolaidis MG, Jamurtas AZ, Paschalis V, Fatouros IG, Koutedakis Y, Kouretas D. The effect of muscle-damaging exercise on blood and skeletal muscle oxidative stress: magnitude and time-course considerations. Sports Med 2008; 38:579-606. [PMID: 18557660 DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200838070-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to present the effects of acute muscle-damaging exercise on oxidative stress/damage of animal and human tissues using a quantitative approach and focusing on the time-course of exercise effects. The reviewed studies employed eccentric contractions on a dynamometer or downhill running. The statistical power of each study to detect a 20% or 40% post-exercise change compared with pre-exercise value in each oxidative stress/damage biomarker was calculated. Muscle-damaging exercise can increase free radical levels and augment oxidation of lipids, proteins, glutathione and possibly DNA in the blood. In contrast, the effect of muscle-damaging exercise on concentration of antioxidants in the blood, except for glutathione, was little. Muscle-damaging exercise induces oxidative stress/damage in skeletal muscle, even though this is not fully supported by the original statistical analysis of some studies. In contrast, muscle-damaging exercise does not appear to affect--at least to similar extent as the oxidative stress/damage markers--the levels of antioxidants in skeletal muscle. Based on the rather limited data available, the oxidative stress response of skeletal muscle to exercise was generally independent of muscle fibre type. Most of the changes in oxidative stress/damage appeared and were sustained for days after muscle-damaging exercise. The major part of the delayed oxidative stress/damage production that follows muscle-damaging exercise probably comes from phagocytic cells that are activated and recruited to the site of the initial damage. A point that emerged and potentially explains much of the lack of consensus among studies is the low statistical power of many of them. In summary, muscle-damaging exercise can increase oxidative stress/damage in blood and skeletal muscle of rats and humans that may persist for and/or appear several days after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Institute of Human Performance and Rehabilitation, Center for Research and Technology-Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.
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Goldfarb AH, McKenzie MJ, Bloomer RJ. Gender comparisons of exercise-induced oxidative stress: influence of antioxidant supplementation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 32:1124-31. [PMID: 18059586 DOI: 10.1139/h07-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of gender and antioxidant supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Twenty-five men and 23 women ran for 30 min at 80% VO2 max, once before and once after 2 weeks of supplementation, and again after a 1-week wash-out period. Subjects were randomly assigned to either placebo (P), antioxidant (A: 400 IU vitamin E+1 g vitamin C), or a fruit and vegetable powder (FV) treatment. Blood was obtained at rest and immediately after exercise. Before supplementation, women had higher resting reduced glutathione, total glutathione, and plasma vitamin E compared with men. With both A and FV supplementations, plasma vitamin E gender differences disappeared. Protein carbonyls, oxidized glutathione, and malondialdehyde all increased similarly for both genders in response to exercise. Both A and FV attenuated the reduced glutathione decrease and the oxidized glutathione and protein carbonyls increase compared with P, with no gender differences. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was lower with treatment A compared with FV and P only for men. Plasma vitamin C increased 39% (A) and 21% (FV) compared with P. These data indicate that women have higher resting antioxidant levels than men. Markers of oxidative stress increased similarly in both genders in response to exercise of similar intensity and duration. Two weeks of antioxidant supplementation can attenuate exercise-induced oxidative stress equally in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan H Goldfarb
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Room 250 HHP Building, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA.
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Michailidis Y, Jamurtas AZ, Nikolaidis MG, Fatouros IG, Koutedakis Y, Papassotiriou I, Kouretas D. Sampling Time is Crucial for Measurement of Aerobic Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39:1107-13. [PMID: 17596778 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0b013e318053e7ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To thoroughly investigate the time-course changes of several commonly used markers of oxidative stress by performing serial measurements during a 24-h period after an acute bout of strenuous cardiovascular exercise. METHODS Eleven untrained men performed two trials. In the experimental trial, the subjects exercised for 45 min at 70-75% VO2max and then at 90% VO2max to exhaustion on a treadmill; in the control trial, the subjects remained at rest. Blood samples were drawn before and after exercise (immediately after exercise and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h). Reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, catalase activity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined. RESULTS The time to lowest concentration after exercise was 1.7 +/- 0.7 h (mean +/- SD) for GSH/GSSG, and the time to highest concentration after exercise was 1.2 +/- 0.6 h for TBARS, 4.4 +/- 0.5 h for protein carbonyls, 0.5 +/- 0.4h for catalase, and 2.2 +/- 0.9 h for TAC. The greatest change after exercise was -74 +/- 9% for GSH/GSSG, 129 +/- 29% for TBARS, 135 +/- 53% for protein carbonyls, 51 +/- 16% for catalase, and 24 +/- 10% for TAC. CONCLUSION There is no best time point applying to all markers for collecting blood samples after aerobic exercise. The optimum postexercise time points for blood collection in untrained individuals are immediately after exercise for catalase, 1 h for TBARS, 2 h for TAC, GSH, and GSSG, and 4 h after exercise for protein carbonyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Michailidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
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Nikolaidis MG, Kyparos A, Hadziioannou M, Panou N, Samaras L, Jamurtas AZ, Kouretas D. Acute exercise markedly increases blood oxidative stress in boys and girls. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007; 32:197-205. [PMID: 17486160 DOI: 10.1139/h06-097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of an acute swimming protocol on selected blood redox status indices in trained children. Eleven boys and 11 girls (aged 9–11 y) swam 12 bouts of 50 m at a pace corresponding to 70%–75% of the participant’s 50 m maximum velocity, with each bout separated by 1 min rest periods. At rest, no differences in any redox status marker between boys and girls were observed. As compared with the pre-exercise values, significant increases in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, catalase activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentration, as well as significant decreases in reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and GSH:GSSG, were found post-exercise in both boys and girls. The magnitude of the exercise-induced alterations in the blood redox status based on the calculated effect sizes could be considered large for all parameters in both sexes (median effect size in absolute values was equal to 1.38). The main finding of the present study is that an acute swimming bout at 70%–75% maximum velocity resulted in blood oxidative stress in a similar manner in both trained young boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
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Glutathione S-transferase genotypes modify lung function decline in the general population: SAPALDIA cohort study. Respir Res 2007; 8:2. [PMID: 17217536 PMCID: PMC1781067 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the environmental and genetic risk factors of accelerated lung function decline in the general population is a first step in a prevention strategy against the worldwide increasing respiratory pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Deficiency in antioxidative and detoxifying Glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene has been associated with poorer lung function in children, smokers and patients with respiratory diseases. In the present study, we assessed whether low activity variants in GST genes are also associated with accelerated lung function decline in the general adult population. Methods We examined with multiple regression analysis the association of polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes with annual decline in FEV1, FVC, and FEF25–75 during 11 years of follow-up in 4686 subjects of the prospective SAPALDIA cohort representative of the Swiss general population. Effect modification by smoking, gender, bronchial hyperresponisveness and age was studied. Results The associations of GST genotypes with FEV1, FVC, and FEF25–75 were comparable in direction, but most consistent for FEV1. GSTT1 homozygous gene deletion alone or in combination with GSTM1 homozygous gene deletion was associated with excess decline in FEV1 in men, but not women, irrespective of smoking status. The additional mean annual decline in FEV1 in men with GSTT1 and concurrent GSTM1 gene deletion was -8.3 ml/yr (95% confidence interval: -12.6 to -3.9) relative to men without these gene deletions. The GSTT1 effect on the FEV1 decline comparable to the observed difference in FEV1 decline between never and persistent smoking men. Effect modification by gender was statistically significant. Conclusion Our results suggest that genetic GSTT1 deficiency is a prevalent and strong determinant of accelerated lung function decline in the male general population.
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Belviranlı M, Gökbel H. ACUTE EXERCISE INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT CHANGES. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2006. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/82392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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