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Yan W, Yan Y, Luo X, Dong Y, Liang G, Miao H, Huang Z, Jiang H. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells is inhibited by microRNA-494-3p via targeting lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2024:10.1007/s00068-024-02588-7. [PMID: 38955820 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-024-02588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of inflammation and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. According to our previous study, the expression of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is significantly upregulated in septic patients and is positively correlated with the severity of this disease. Herein, we investigated the potential roles of Lp-PLA2-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) in LPS-induced inflammation in murine mononuclear macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). METHODS In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, Lp-PLA2 was confirmed to be expressed during the inflammatory response. The function of microRNA-494-3p (miR-494-3p) in the LPS-induced inflammatory response of RAW264.7 cells was determined by the transfection of a miR-494-3p mimic or inhibitor in vitro. RESULTS Compared to the control, LPS induced a significant increase in the Lp-PLA2 level, which was accompanied by the release of inflammatory mediators. The bioinformatics and qRT‒PCR results indicated that the miR-494-3p level was associated with Lp-PLA2 expression in the LPS-induced inflammatory response of RAW264.7 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay results confirmed that the 3'-UTR of Lp-PLA2 was a functional target of microRNA-494-3p. During the LPS-induced inflammatory response of RAW264.7 cells, targeting Lp-PLA2 and transfecting miR-494-3p mimics significantly upregulated the expression of miR-494-3p, leading to a reduction in the release of inflammatory factors and conferring a protective effect on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION By targeting Lp-PLA2, miR-494-3p suppresses Lp-PLA2 secretion, thereby alleviating LPS-induced inflammation, which indicates that miR-494-3p may be a potential target for sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xinye Luo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yansong Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guiwen Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hua Miao
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rudong County People's Hospital, Nantong, China.
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Long Q, Ma T, Wang Y, Chen S, Tang S, Wang T, Zhou Y, Xu K, Wan P, Cao Y. Orientin alleviates the inflammatory response in psoriasis like dermatitis in BALB/c mice by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112261. [PMID: 38761783 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory condition of the skin, is characterized by an atypical proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and immune cell infiltration. Orientin is a flavonoid monomer with potent anti-inflammatory activities. However, the therapeutic effects of orientin on psoriasis and the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of orientin on psoriasis and the underlying mechanisms using network pharmacology and experimental studies. METHODS A psoriasis-like mouse model was established using imiquimod (IMQ). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate the RAW264.7 and HaCaT cells in vitro. The therapeutic effects of orientin and the underlying mechanism were analyzed using histopathological, immunohistochemical, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting analyses. RESULTS Orientin ameliorated skin lesions and suppressed keratinocyte proliferation and immune cell infiltration in the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. Additionally, orientin inhibited the secretion of the pro-inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and IL-23 in the psoriasis-like mouse model and LPS-induced RAW264.7 and HaCaT cells. Furthermore, orientin mitigated the LPS-induced upregulation of reactive oxygen species and downregulation of IL-10 and glutathione levels. Orientin alleviated inflammation by downregulating the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Orientin alleviated psoriasis-like dermatitis by suppressing the MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting that orientin is a potential therapeutic for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Long
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Shaojie Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Medical University Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Shanshan Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Pengjie Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Dermatology, Guizhou Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China.
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Guizhou Medical University Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China.
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Morjen M, Zakraoui O, Abdelkafi-Koubaa Z, Srairi-Abid N, Marrakchi N, Essafi-Benkhadir K, Jebali J. CC5 and CC8, Two Disintegrin Isoforms from Cerastes cerastes Snake Venom Decreased Inflammation Response In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12427. [PMID: 37569801 PMCID: PMC10418880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with many pathology disorders and the malignant progression of most cancers. Therefore, targeting inflammatory pathways could provide a promising strategy for disease prevention and treatment. In this study, we experimentally investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of CC5 and CC8, two disintegrin isoforms isolated from Cerastes cerastes snake venom, on LPS-stimulated macrophages, both on human THP-1 and mouse RAW264.7 cell adherence and their underlying mechanisms by measuring cytokine release levels and Western blot assay. Equally, both molecules were evaluated on a carrageenan-induced edema rat model. Our findings suggest that CC5 and CC8 were able to reduce adhesion of LPS-stimulated macrophages both on human THP-1 and mouse RAW264.7 cells to fibrinogen and vitronectin through the interaction with the αvβ3 integrin receptor. Moreover, CC5 and CC8 reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by the NF-κB, MAPK and AKT signaling pathways that lead to decreased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 and increased secretion of IL-10 in LPS-stimulated THP-1 and RAW264.7 cells. Interestingly, both molecules potently exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo by reducing paw swelling in rats. In light of these results, we can propose the CC5 and CC8 disintegrins as interesting tools to design potential candidates against inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Morjen
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
| | - Ons Zakraoui
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology, LR16IPT04, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (O.Z.); (K.E.-B.)
| | - Zaineb Abdelkafi-Koubaa
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation, LR21SP01, Salah Azaiez Institute, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
- Medicine School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15 Djebel Lakhdhar Street, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology, LR16IPT04, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (O.Z.); (K.E.-B.)
| | - Jed Jebali
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
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Patiño P, Gallego C, Martínez N, Rey A, Iregui C. Intranasal instillation of Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide in rabbits causes interstitial lung damage. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:115-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Luna-Reyes I, Pérez-Hernández EG, Delgado-Coello B, Mas-Oliva J. Peptides as Therapeutic Molecules to Neutralize Gram-negative Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides in Sepsis and Septic Shock. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:798-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Peptide VSAK maintains tissue glucose uptake and attenuates pro-inflammatory responses caused by LPS in an experimental model of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a PET study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14752. [PMID: 34285283 PMCID: PMC8292390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation using Positron Emission Tomography shows how peptide VSAK can reduce the detrimental effects produced by lipopolysaccharides in Dutch dwarf rabbits, used to develop the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Animals concomitantly treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptide VSAK show important protection in the loss of radiolabeled-glucose uptake observed in diverse organs when animals are exclusively treated with LPS. Treatment with peptide VSAK prevented the onset of changes in serum levels of glucose and insulin associated with the establishment of SIRS and the insulin resistance-like syndrome. Treatment with peptide VSAK also allowed an important attenuation in the circulating levels of pro-inflammatory molecules in LPS-treated animals. As a whole, our data suggest that peptide VSAK might be considered as a candidate in the development of new therapeutic possibilities focused on mitigating the harmful effects produced by lipopolysaccharides during the course of SIRS.
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Köhler J, Ehler J, Kreikemeyer B, Bajorath R, Schürholz T, Oehmcke-Hecht S. The synthetic LPS binding peptide 19-2.5 interferes with clotting and prevents degradation of high molecular weight kininogen in plasma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7142. [PMID: 32346013 PMCID: PMC7188841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening conditions and remain an important medical problem, emphasizing the need to identify novel therapeutic approaches. Coagulation dysfunction, hypotension, disturbed microcirculation and multiorgan failure occur frequently. These severe conditions result from an overwhelming inflammatory response, induced by pathogen and damage associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) released into the bloodstream. In the present study, we demonstrated that the synthetic Lipopolysaccharid (LPS)-binding peptide 19-2.5 interferes with the activation of the coagulation and contact system. Moreover, binding of LPS to high molecular weight kininogen (HK), one of the major LPS carrier in blood, could be prevented by the peptide. Thus, peptide 19-2.5 might represent a promising target in the treatment of endotoxemia and sepsis, not only by its anti-inflammatory potential, but also by the anticoagulant effect, together with its ability to prevent degradation of HK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Köhler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Ehler
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rika Bajorath
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Schürholz
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sonja Oehmcke-Hecht
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
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8
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Aydın E, Yıldırım Y, Aydın FY, Bahadır MV, Kaplan İ, Kadiroğlu B, Ketani MA, Yılmaz Z, Kadiroğlu AK, Yılmaz ME. Evaluation of the effect of intraperitoneal etanercept administration on oxidative stress and inflammation indicators in the kidney and blood of experimental sepsis-induced rats. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20200016. [PMID: 32348434 PMCID: PMC7198067 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0016-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Sepsis is an important cause of mortality and morbidity, and inflammatory response and oxidative stress play major roles underlying its pathophysiology. Here, we evaluated the effect of intraperitoneal etanercept administration on oxidative stress and inflammation indicators in the kidney and blood of experimental sepsis-induced rats. METHODS: Twenty-eight adult Sprague Dawley rats were classified into Control (Group 1), Sepsis (Group 2), Sepsis+Cefazolin (Group 3), and Sepsis+Cefazolin+Etanercept (Group 4) groups. Kidney tissue and serum samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological investigations and examined for the C reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. RESULTS: The levels of TNF-α, TREM, and MDA in serum and kidney samples were significantly higher in rats from sepsis group than in rats from control group (p < 0.05). Group 3 showed a significant reduction in serum levels of TNF-α, CRP, and TREM as compared with Group 2 (p < 0.05). Serum TNF-α, CRP, TREM, and MDA levels and kidney TNF-α and TREM levels were significantly lower in Group 4 than in Group 2 (p < 0.05). Serum TNF-α and TREM levels in Group 4 were significantly lower than those in Group 3, and histopathological scores were significantly lower in Group 3 and Group 4 than in Group 2 (p < 0.05). Histopathological scores of Group 4 were significantly lower than those of Group 3 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Etanercept, a TNF-α inhibitor, may ameliorate sepsis-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and histopathological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Aydın
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Yıldırım
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yılmaz Aydın
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Veysi Bahadır
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Berfin Kadiroğlu
- Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Aydın Ketani
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Zülfükar Yılmaz
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Kadiroğlu
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Yılmaz
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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PP2ACα of Alveolar Macrophages Is a Novel Protective Factor for LPS-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Inflammation 2019; 42:1004-1014. [PMID: 30684253 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one main serine/threonine phosphatase in eukaryotes, and its activation changes have been linked to modulation of numerous pathological processes, such as cancer, inflammation, fibrosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the major cause of respiratory failure, remains with limited therapies available up to now. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are essential to innate immunity and host defense, participating in the pathogenesis of ARDS. As a result, AMs are considered as a potential therapeutic target for ARDS. In our study, we firstly found that PP2A activity was significantly decreased in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated AMs. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of AMs with enhanced PP2A enzyme activity that was improved by C2-ceramide prior to LPS exposure alleviated acute lung inflammation. Conversely, AM-specific ablation of PP2ACα exacerbated inflammatory responses to LPS. Mechanistically, PP2ACα negatively regulates LPS-induced cytokine secretion of AMs by NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Together, these findings provide the evidence to guide the development of novel therapeutic options targeting PP2ACα for ARDS/acute lung injury.
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10
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Wang Q, Zhou X, Yang L, Luo M, Han L, Lu Y, Shi Q, Wang Y, Liang Q. Gentiopicroside (GENT) protects against sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through the NF-κB signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:731. [PMID: 32042747 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a high-mortality disease without effective therapeutic options. The hyperactivation of the monocyte-macrophage system, especially M1 macrophages, triggers the onset of septic shock. Gentiopicroside (GENT), the main active component in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Radix Gentianae, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Nevertheless, this anti-inflammatory effect has not been fully elucidated. Methods In vitro, we stimulated primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) or peritoneal elucidated macrophages (PEMs) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ and pre-treated with GENT and we tested the cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α production by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Further, we determined the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathway such as IKKα/β and p65 phosphorylation by Western blot. Then we detected the p65 nuclear localization by immunofluorescent staining. Moreover, NF-κB inhibitor and p65-targeted siRNAs were further used to validate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of GENT. In vivo, GENT (50 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically before and after LPS (40 mg/kg) injection. The death time were recorded and the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα were tested by ELISA, and the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα mRNA expression in the lung were test by qPCR and the M1 infiltration in the lung were determined by F4/80 and INOS immunofluorescent staining. Results In vitro, we observed that GENT reduced the inflammatory cytokine production of BMMs stimulated by (LPS)/IFN-γ and ameliorated the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and p65, the degradation of IκBα, and the translocation of p65 into the nucleus. We did not find GENT has any effect on MAPK signaling under LPS/IFN-γ stimulation. NF-κB inhibitor and p65 siRNAs eliminated the inhibition effect of GENT. In vivo, we observed GENT prevented mice from dying in the LPS-induced shock model and decreased the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6, the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα in lung tissue, and the amount of M1 macrophage infiltration in the lung. Conclusions GENT prevented LPS/IFN-γ-induced inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages through the NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro and protected against the endotoxin shock induced by LPS in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Institute of Spine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of theory and Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology CAS, Shanghai 200031, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Maocai Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lei Han
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology CAS, Shanghai 200031, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology CAS, Shanghai 200031, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Institute of Spine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of theory and Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Institute of Spine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of theory and Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Institute of Spine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of theory and Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Kawano HK, Simonek GD, Moffitt AD, Tahara JM, Brignolo AL. Sterility and Stability of Diluted Meloxicam in Compounded Multi-dose Vial after 365 Days. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019; 58:594-596. [PMID: 31383049 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Meloxicam is a common analgesic for rodents. Because meloxicam is only formulated commercially for companion animals, it requires dilution to achieve doses appropriate for small, laboratory species. Compounded multidose vial (cMDV) are often created to dilute and store a diluted drug. However, chronic cMDV use runs the risk of contamination and becoming a potential source of nosocomial infection. In this study, we created 15 cMDV by diluting meloxicam with sterile water (dilution, 1:10). cMDV were punctured once daily for 30 d. To determine the sterility of the diluted meloxicam, we assessed 8 cMDV for bacterial growth on days 0, 10, 20, 30, and 365 and tested them for endotoxin on days 0, 30, and 365. In addition, the stability of the remaining 7 cMDV was assessed on days 0, 10, 20, 30, and 365, by using liquid chromatography-diode assays. No bacterial growth or endotoxin was detected at any time point, and the drug concentrations remained stable over 365 d. Given the results this study, we believe that cMDV of diluted meloxicam can remain sterile and stable for 365 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori K Kawano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Gregory D Simonek
- Campus Veterinary Service, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Andrea D Moffitt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - John M Tahara
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, California
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Takakura A, Zandi-Nejad K. Lactate-induced activation of HCA2 improves survival in mice with sepsis. FASEB J 2019; 33:7625-7634. [PMID: 30951370 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801982r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by systemic inflammation that is caused by infection and by activation of proinflammatory pathways, resulting in mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction leading to multiorgan failure. Here, we show the following: 1) in peritoneal immune cells, particularly macrophages, from mice that have undergone cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) expression increased in parallel with proinflammatory cytokines; 2) post-CLP survival rates of Hca2-/- knockout mice (n = 22) were lower than those of wild-type (WT) mice (n = 15) (P < 0.011), which is suggestive of a protective role for HCA2 in sepsis; 3) WT mice subjected to CLP-induced sepsis and treated with lactated Ringer's solution (LR, n = 13) survived longer than those treated with normal saline (n = 14; P < 0.027); 4) LR treatment of CLP-induced sepsis reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression in CD11b+F4/80+ macrophages and promoted M2-like polarization; 5) HCA2 was expressed by kidney in the setting of sepsis, but not by normal kidneys; 6) LR administration attenuated sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), partly restored expression of the key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (P < 0.03), and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, P < 0.04; IL-1β, P < 0.006; IL-6, P < 0.03). Our data suggest that lactate-induced activation of HCA2 during sepsis activates a negative feedback loop to attenuate the inflammatory response. The data further suggest that fluid resuscitation with LR may benefit patients with sepsis, particularly those with sepsis-associated AKI treated with potentially lactate-depleting renal replacement therapies.-Takakura, A., Zandi-Nejad, K. Lactate-induced activation of HCA2 improves survival in mice with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Takakura
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kambiz Zandi-Nejad
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Increased expression of Toll-like receptors 2, 3, 4 and 7 mRNA in the kidney and intestine of a septic mouse model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4010. [PMID: 30850654 PMCID: PMC6408498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity and are highly expressed during sepsis. Thus, studying the expression of TLRs in an animal septic model might indicate their possible association with acute kidney injury in sepsis. Seventy-two male C57BL/6J mice were used for this study. Randomly, these animals were divided into 6 groups (N = 12/group): 3 control and 3 septic groups depending on the euthanasia time (24 h, 48 h, 72 h). Septic groups underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce peritonitis, while control groups had a sham operation. Hematological tests were performed in serum for immune biomarkers; immunohistochemistry, morphometry and qRT-PCR analysis were used on both kidney and intestine tissues to evaluate the expression of TLR 2, 3, 4 and 7 in a septic process. At the end of each experimental period, we found that TLRs 2, 3, 4 and 7 were expressed in both tissues but there were differences between those at various time points. Also, we found that mRNA levels were significantly higher in qRT-PCR evaluation in septic groups than control groups in both kidney and intestinal tissues (p < 0.05); showing a steady increase in the septic groups as the time to euthanasia was prolonged (p < 0.05). Overall, our study provides a suggestion that TLRs 2, 3, 4 and 7 are highly expressed in the kidneys of septic mice and especially that these TLRs are sensitive and specific markers for sepsis. Finally, our study supports the diagnostic importance of TLRs in AKI and provides an insight on the contribution of septic mice models in the study of multi organ dysfunction syndrome in general.
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14
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Matz H, Dooley H. Shark IgNAR-derived binding domains as potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:100-107. [PMID: 30236879 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many of the most successful drugs generated in recent years are based upon monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, for some therapeutic and diagnostic applications mAbs are far from ideal; for example, while their relatively large size and inherent receptor binding aids their longevity in vivo it can also limit their tissue penetration. Further, their structural complexity makes them expensive to produce and prone to denaturation in non-physiological environments. Thus, researchers have been searching for alternative antigen-binding molecules that can be utilized in situations where mAbs are suboptimal tools. One potential source currently being explored are the shark-derived binding domains known as VNARs. Despite their small size VNARs can bind antigens with high specificity and high affinity. Combined with their propensity to bind epitopes that are inaccessible to conventional mAbs, and their ability to resist denaturation, VNARs are an emerging prospect for use in therapeutic, diagnostic, and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanover Matz
- Dept. Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Helen Dooley
- Dept. Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
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15
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Abstract
This review intends to summarize recent development on the potential nutrition implications of acute inflammation encountered during critical illness. Different aspects of the inflammatory response and their impact on nutrition management during critical illness will be discussed: the timing of the postinjury metabolic response, the integration of regulatory mechanisms involved in the metabolic response to stress, the oxidative stress, the metabolic and clinical consequences in terms of energy expenditure, use of energy, changes in body composition, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lheureux
- Department of Intensive Care, CUB-Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Charles Preiser
- Department of Intensive Care, CUB-Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Cordova ZM, Grönholm A, Kytölä V, Taverniti V, Hämäläinen S, Aittomäki S, Niininen W, Junttila I, Ylipää A, Nykter M, Pesu M. Myeloid cell expressed proprotein convertase FURIN attenuates inflammation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54392-54404. [PMID: 27527873 PMCID: PMC5342350 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The proprotein convertase enzyme FURIN processes immature pro-proteins into functional end- products. FURIN is upregulated in activated immune cells and it regulates T-cell dependent peripheral tolerance and the Th1/Th2 balance. FURIN also promotes the infectivity of pathogens by activating bacterial toxins and by processing viral proteins. Here, we evaluated the role of FURIN in LysM+ myeloid cells in vivo. Mice with a conditional deletion of FURIN in their myeloid cells (LysMCre-fur(fl/fl)) were healthy and showed unchanged proportions of neutrophils and macrophages. Instead, LysMCre-fur(fl/fl) mice had elevated serum IL-1β levels and reduced numbers of splenocytes. An LPS injection resulted in accelerated mortality, elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulated numbers of pro-inflammatory macrophages. A genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed the overexpression of several pro-inflammatory genes in resting FURIN-deficient macrophages. Moreover, FURIN inhibited Nos2 and promoted the expression of Arg1, which implies that FURIN regulates the M1/M2-type macrophage balance. FURIN was required for the normal production of the bioactive TGF-β1 cytokine, but it inhibited the maturation of the inflammation-provoking TACE and Caspase-1 enzymes. In conclusion, FURIN has an anti-inflammatory function in LysM+ myeloid cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzet Martinez Cordova
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Grönholm
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ville Kytölä
- Computational Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sanna Hämäläinen
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Aittomäki
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Wilhelmiina Niininen
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Junttila
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Ylipää
- Computational Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Computational Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marko Pesu
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Zheng YH, Deng YY, Lai W, Zheng SY, Bian HN, Liu ZA, Huang ZF, Sun CW, Li HH, Luo HM, Ma LH, Chen HX, Xiong B. Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the polarization of macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4449-4459. [PMID: 29363724 PMCID: PMC5802220 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a defensive response in the living tissue of the vascular system that acts against damage factors and involves various types of immune cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, endothelial cells and other associated immune molecules. If the release of inflammatory mediators is excessive, systemic inflammatory response syndrome may develop. Sepsis is the most common complication of severe burns and is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that is caused by infectious factors and is capable of leading to multiple organ dysfunction and potentially death. Research concerning the mechanism and treatment of sepsis is crucial. Macrophages are an important type of immune cell that remove invasive pathogens and are involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been previously reported that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) affect macrophages by regulating immunity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of BMSCs on macrophage polarization in vivo and in vitro, in addition to the potential therapeutic effect of these cells on experimental sepsis. BMSCs and peritoneal macrophages were isolated from Sprague‑Dawley rats and co‑cultured overnight as a mixed culture or Transwell system, and subsequently stimulated with 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 12 h, the medium was replaced with normal complete medium for various durations and supernatants were collected to extract proteins and cells for ELISA, western blot and flow cytometry analysis to investigate different aspects of macrophages. Sepsis was induced in Sprague‑Dawley rats by injection of LPS (5 mg/kg), followed by tail vein injection of BMSCs or PBS 1 h later. After 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, lung tissues were harvested for pathological observation and peritoneal macrophages were collected for flow cytometry analysis to assess the expression of markers, including cluster of differentiation (CD)68 (used for gating), CD11c and CD206. The results demonstrated that, in the culture medium, LPS stimulation increased the expression of CD11c in macrophages, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor‑α and inducible nitric oxide synthase were also increased. By contrast, in macrophages treated with BMSCs directly, the expression of CD11c was reduced compared with the LPS‑stimulated macrophage alone group. However, the secretion of interleukin‑10, transforming growth factor‑β and arginase‑1 was increased in the direct co‑culture group, compared with the LPS‑stimulated macrophage alone group. BMSCs reduced the inflammation in lung tissues and inhibited macrophage expression of CD11c in the rat model of sepsis. The results of the present study demonstrated that BMSCs co‑cultured with macrophages directly inhibited macrophage differentiation into the M1 phenotype and reduced inflammation in macrophages stimulated by LPS. In vivo, BMSCs decreased the expression of CD11c in peritoneal macrophages and reduced the pathological inflammatory response in the lungs. The findings of the present study demonstrated that BMSCs may reduce the extent of the systemic inflammatory response, which may contribute to the development for a novel type of treatment for sepsis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hua Zheng
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yu Deng
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wen Lai
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shao Yi Zheng
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ning Bian
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zu An Liu
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Feng Huang
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Wei Sun
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Han Hua Li
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hong Min Luo
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Liang Hua Ma
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Han Xi Chen
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xiong
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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18
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Central role of myeloid MCPIP1 in protecting against LPS-induced inflammation and lung injury. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:17066. [PMID: 29263935 PMCID: PMC5721545 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although systemic inflammatory responses attributable to infection may lead to significant lung injury, the precise molecular mechanisms leading to lung damage are poorly understood and therapeutic options remain limited. Here, we show that myeloid monocyte chemotactic protein-inducible protein 1 (MCPIP1) plays a central role in protecting against LPS-induced inflammation and lung injury. Myeloid-specific MCPIP1 knockout mice developed spontaneous inflammatory syndromes, but at a late age compared to global MCPIP1 knockout mice. Moreover, mice with a myeloid-specific deletion of MCPIP1 were extremely sensitive to LPS-induced lung injury due to overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We identified C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ, two critical transcriptional factors that drive cytokine production and lung injury, as targets of MCPIP1 RNase. LPS administration caused MCPIP1 protein degradation in the lungs. Pharmacological inhibition of MALT1, a paracaspase that cleaves MCPIP1, by MI-2 selectively increased the MCPIP1 protein levels in macrophages and in the lungs. Meanwhile, administration of MI-2 protected mice from LPS-induced inflammation, lung injury and death. Collectively, these results indicate that myeloid MCPIP1 is central in controlling LPS-induced inflammation and lung injury. Pharmacological inhibition of MALT1 protease activity may be a good strategy to treat inflammatory diseases by enhancing MCPIP1 expression in myeloid cells.
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19
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Assessment of Pasteurella multocida A Lipopolysaccharide, as an Adhesin in an In Vitro Model of Rabbit Respiratory Epithelium. Vet Med Int 2017; 2017:8967618. [PMID: 28251016 PMCID: PMC5303596 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8967618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the P. multocida lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a putative adhesin during the early stages of infection with this bacterium in the respiratory epithelium of rabbits was investigated. By light microscopy and double enzyme labeling of nasal septa tissues, the amount of bacteria attached to the respiratory epithelium and the amount of LPS present in goblet cells at different experimental times were estimated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and LPS labeling with colloidal gold particles were also used to determine the exact location of LPS in the cells. Septa that were challenged with LPS of P. multocida and 30 minutes later with P. multocida showed more adherent bacteria and more severe lesions than the other treatments. Free LPS was observed in the lumen of the nasal septum, forming bilamellar structures and adhering to the cilia, microvilli, cytoplasmic membrane, and cytoplasm of epithelial ciliated and goblet cells. The above findings suggest that P. multocida LPS plays an important role in the process of bacterial adhesion and that it has the ability of being internalized into host cells.
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20
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Sun L, Pham TT, Cornell TT, McDonough KL, McHugh WM, Blatt NB, Dahmer MK, Shanley TP. Myeloid-Specific Gene Deletion of Protein Phosphatase 2A Magnifies MyD88- and TRIF-Dependent Inflammation following Endotoxin Challenge. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:404-416. [PMID: 27872207 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a member of the intracellular serine/threonine phosphatases. Innate immune cell activation triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns is mediated by various protein kinases, and PP2A plays a counter-regulatory role by deactivating these kinases. In this study, we generated a conditional knockout of the α isoform of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2ACα). After crossing with myeloid-specific cre-expressing mice, effective gene knockout was achieved in various myeloid cells. The myeloid-specific knockout mice (lyM-PP2Afl/fl) showed higher mortality in response to endotoxin challenge and bacterial infection. Upon LPS challenge, serum levels of TNF-α, KC, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly increased in lyM-PP2Afl/fl mice, and increased phosphorylation was observed in MAPK pathways (p38, ERK, JNK) and the NF-κB pathway (IKKα/β, NF-κB p65) in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from knockout mice. Heightened NF-κB activation was not associated with degradation of IκBα; instead, enhanced phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and p38 phosphorylation-mediated TNF-α mRNA stabilization appear to contribute to the increased TNF-α expression. In addition, increased IL-10 expression appears to be due to PP2ACα-knockout-induced IKKα/β hyperactivation. Microarray experiments indicated that the Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β/ TNFR-associated factor 3 pathway was highly upregulated in LPS-treated PP2ACα-knockout BMDMs, and knockout BMDMs had elevated IFN-α/β production compared with control BMDMs. Serum IFN-β levels from PP2ACα-knockout mice treated with LPS were also greater than those in controls. Thus, we demonstrate that PP2A plays an important role in regulating inflammation and survival in the setting of septic insult by targeting MyD88- and Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
| | - Tiffany T Pham
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Timothy T Cornell
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kelli L McDonough
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Walker M McHugh
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Neal B Blatt
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Mary K Dahmer
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Thomas P Shanley
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611
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Tim-4 protects mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1189-1197. [PMID: 27617399 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxic shock is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in hospital patients, creating an urgent need to explore the mechanisms involved in sepsis. Our previous studies showed that T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-4 (Tim-4) attenuated the inflammatory response through regulating the functions of macrophages. However, the mechanism by which Tim-4 does this has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that Tim-4 expression was increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock. Interestingly, the survival rate of mice in the Tim-4 overexpression group was higher than that of the control group after LPS administration. To investigate the function of Tim-4 in LPS-induced inflammation, we further demonstrated that Tim-4 attenuated LPS-induced endotoxic shock by inhibiting cytokine production by macrophages. Blocking expression of Tim-4 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal inhibition showed that Tim-4 inhibited cytokine production via NF-κB signaling pathway. This study indicates that Tim-4 may exert its immune modulation by regulating inflammatory factor secretion and might act as a novel potential target for inflammatory diseases, especially endotoxic shock.
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Sivak KV, Vasin AV, Egorov VV, Tsevtkov VB, Kuzmich NN, Savina VA, Kiselev OI. Adenosine A2A receptor as a drug target for treatment of sepsis. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Jacob SP, Lakshmikanth CL, Chaithra VH, Kumari TRS, Chen CH, McIntyre TM, Marathe GK. Lipopolysaccharide Cross-Tolerance Delays Platelet-Activating Factor-Induced Sudden Death in Swiss Albino Mice: Involvement of Cyclooxygenase in Cross-Tolerance. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153282. [PMID: 27064683 PMCID: PMC4827832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling through Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. Some believe that TLR-mediated pathogenicity is due, in part, to the lipid pro-inflammatory mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF), but this has been questioned. To test the direct contribution of PAF in endotoxemia in murine models, we injected PAF intraperitoneally into Swiss albino mice in the presence and absence of LPS. PAF alone (5 μg/mouse) caused death within 15-20 min, but this could be prevented by pretreating mice with PAF-receptor (PAF-R) antagonists or PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). A low dose of LPS (5 mg/kg body wt) did not impair PAF-induced death, whereas higher doses (10 or 20 mg/kg body wt) delayed death, probably via LPS cross-tolerance. Cross-tolerance occurred only when PAF was injected simultaneously with LPS or within 30 min of LPS injection. Tolerance does not appear to be due to an abundant soluble mediator. Histologic examination of lungs and liver and measurement of circulating TNF-α and IL-10 levels suggested that the inflammatory response is not diminished during cross-tolerance. Interestingly, aspirin, a non-specific cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, partially blocked PAF-induced sudden death, whereas NS-398, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, completely protected mice from the lethal effects of PAF. Both COX inhibitors (at 20 mg/kg body wt) independently amplified the cross-tolerance exerted by higher dose of LPS, suggesting that COX-derived eicosanoids may be involved in these events. Thus, PAF does not seem to have a protective role in endotoxemia, but its effects are delayed by LPS in a COX-sensitive way. These findings are likely to shed light on basic aspects of the endotoxin cross-tolerance occurring in many disease conditions and may offer new opportunities for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shancy Petsel Jacob
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, 77225–0345, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. McIntyre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (NC10), Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Gopal Kedihitlu Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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24
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Ibarra-Lara MDLL, Sánchez-Aguilar M, Soria E, Torres-Narváez JC, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Cervantes-Pérez LG, Pérez-Severiano F, Ramírez-Ortega MDC, Pastelín-Hernández G, Oidor-Chan VH, Sánchez-Mendoza A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in an experimental model of myocardial infarction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:634-42. [PMID: 27050838 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) has been associated with an inflammatory response and a rise in TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) promote a decreased expression of inflammatory molecules. We aimed to study whether PPAR stimulation by clofibrate decreases inflammation and reduces infarct size in rats with MI. Male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: control, MI + vehicle, and MI + clofibrate (100 mg/kg). Treatment was administered for 3 consecutive days, previous to 2 h of MI. MI induced an increase in protein expression, mRNA content, and enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Additionally, MI incited an increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and IL-6. MI also elevated the nuclear content of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and decreased IκB, both in myocyte nuclei and cytosol. Clofibrate treatment prevented MI-induced changes in iNOS, MMP-2 and MMP-9, ICAM-1, IL-6, NF-κB, and IκB. Infarct size was smaller in clofibrate-treated rats compared to MI-vehicle animals. In silico analysis exhibited 3 motifs shared by genes from renin-angiotensin system, PPARα, iNOS, MMP-2 and MMP-9, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, suggesting a cross regulation. In conclusion, PPARα-stimulation prevents overexpression of pro-inflammatory molecules and preserves viability in an experimental model of acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Luz Ibarra-Lara
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - María Sánchez-Aguilar
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Elizabeth Soria
- b Department of Pathology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Torres-Narváez
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Leonardo Del Valle-Mondragón
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Luz Graciela Cervantes-Pérez
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- c Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Del Carmen Ramírez-Ortega
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Gustavo Pastelín-Hernández
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Víctor Hugo Oidor-Chan
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México.,d Department of Pharmacobiology, Research and Advanced Studies Center of National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Mendoza
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
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Yu Y, Xu X, Liu L, Mao S, Feng T, Lu Y, Cheng Y, Wang H, Zhao W, Tang W. Progranulin deficiency leads to severe inflammation, lung injury and cell death in a mouse model of endotoxic shock. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:506-17. [PMID: 26757107 PMCID: PMC4759474 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a crucial secreted growth factor involved in various kinds of physiologic and disease processes and often has a protective role in inflammatory diseases. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of PGRN on endotoxic shock in a mouse model of PGRN deficiency. After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to induce endotoxic shock in mice, PGRN levels were induced in wild‐type (WT) mice at 6 and 24 hrs. Survival rate analysis, haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated uridine triphosphate nick‐end labelling assay were used to reveal the susceptibility, lung injury, inflammatory cell infiltration, production of inflammatory mediators and lung cell death in mice after LPS injection. PGRN‐deficient (Grn−/−) mice were highly susceptible to LPS‐induced endotoxic shock, with decreased survival, severe lung injury, increased production of pro‐inflammatory mediators, and inflammatory cell infiltration and apoptotic death in the lung. Additionally, recombinant PGRN (rPGRN) administration before LPS stimulation ameliorated the survival of and abnormalities in both WT and Grn−/− mice. Altogether, these findings indicate that PGRN may be a novel biologic agent with therapeutic potential for endotoxic shock probably by inhibiting LPS‐induced systemic and local inflammation in mice for treating endotoxic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Mao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yizhe Cheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Xiao X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zhu Y, Jiang D, Liu L, Li T. Effects of terlipressin on patients with sepsis via improving tissue blood flow. J Surg Res 2016; 200:274-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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White AFB, Demchenko AV. Modulating LPS signal transduction at the LPS receptor complex with synthetic Lipid A analogues. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2015; 71:339-89. [PMID: 25480508 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800128-8.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, defined as a clinical syndrome brought about by an amplified and dysregulated inflammatory response to infections, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite persistent attempts to develop treatment strategies to manage sepsis in the clinical setting, the basic elements of treatment have not changed since the 1960s. As such, the development of effective therapies for reducing inflammatory reactions and end-organ dysfunction in critically ill patients with sepsis remains a global priority. Advances in understanding of the immune response to sepsis provide the opportunity to develop more effective pharmaceuticals. This article details current information on the modulation of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor complex with synthetic Lipid A mimetics. As the initial and most critical event in sepsis pathophysiology, the LPS receptor provides an attractive target for antisepsis agents. One of the well-studied approaches to sepsis therapy involves the use of derivatives of Lipid A, the membrane-anchor portion of an LPS, which is largely responsible for its endotoxic activity. This article describes the structural and conformational requirements influencing the ability of Lipid A analogues to compete with LPS for binding to the LPS receptor complex and to inhibit the induction of the signal transduction pathway by impairing LPS-initiated receptor dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen F B White
- Dextra Laboratories Ltd., Science and Technology Centre, Earley Gate, Reading, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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28
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Xiao X, Zhu Y, Zhen D, Chen XM, Yue W, Liu L, Li T. Beneficial and side effects of arginine vasopressin and terlipressin for septic shock. J Surg Res 2015; 195:568-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Singh P, Dejager L, Amand M, Theatre E, Vandereyken M, Zurashvili T, Singh M, Mack M, Timmermans S, Musumeci L, Dejardin E, Mustelin T, Van Ginderachter JA, Moutschen M, Oury C, Libert C, Rahmouni S. DUSP3 Genetic Deletion Confers M2-like Macrophage-Dependent Tolerance to Septic Shock. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4951-62. [PMID: 25876765 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DUSP3 is a small dual-specificity protein phosphatase with an unknown physiological function. We report that DUSP3 is strongly expressed in human and mouse monocytes and macrophages, and that its deficiency in mice promotes tolerance to LPS-induced endotoxin shock and to polymicrobial septic shock after cecal ligation and puncture. By using adoptive transfer experiments, we demonstrate that resistance to endotoxin is macrophage dependent and transferable, and that this protection is associated with a striking increase of M2-like macrophages in DUSP3(-/-) mice in both the LPS and cecal ligation and puncture models. We show that the altered response of DUSP3(-/-) mice to sepsis is reflected in decreased TNF production and impaired ERK1/2 activation. Our results demonstrate that DUSP3 plays a key and nonredundant role as a regulator of innate immune responses by mechanisms involving the control of ERK1/2 activation, TNF secretion, and macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lien Dejager
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Amand
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Emilie Theatre
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Maud Vandereyken
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Tinatin Zurashvili
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Maneesh Singh
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steven Timmermans
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucia Musumeci
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Dejardin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Tomas Mustelin
- Signal Transduction Program, Sanford-Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Oury
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;
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30
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Liu L, Mu Q, Li W, Xing W, Zhang H, Fan T, Yao H, He L. Isofraxidin protects mice from LPS challenge by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviating histopathological changes. Immunobiology 2014; 220:406-13. [PMID: 25454811 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isofraxidin (IF), the major bioactive component of Sarcandra glabra, has been reported to be an effective anti-inflammatory compound. In a previous study, we showed that IF acts via the MAPK pathway to produce anti-inflammatory effects, both in vivo and in vitro. However, the effect and mechanism of action of IF on inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB activation in vivo has not been investigated. We therefore aimed to evaluate how IF regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of IF (1, 5 or 15mg/kg) prior to treatment with LPS (1mg/kg, i.p.). Macroscopic, biochemical and histopathological parameters were measured. Treatment with IF prior to LPS challenge decreased mortality rate, body weight loss, organ coefficient and histopathological changes. IF also suppressed the protein expression of NF-κB, levels of NO and IL-6 in serum and production of TNF-α in liver. Our results show that pretreatment with IF increases the survival rate following LPS stimulation in mice. The effect involves regulation of NF-κB signal which, in turn, regulates production of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, suggesting that IF may have a therapeutic effect against LPS-induced inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Qingli Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Ting Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Huan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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31
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Niu X, Mu Q, Li W, Yao H, Li H, Li Y, Hu H, Huang H. Protective effects of esculentic acid against endotoxic shock in Kunming mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:229-35. [PMID: 25242384 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Esculentic acid (EA), a triterpene compound extracted from the root of Phytolacca esculenta (the Chinese name Shang Lu), has been widely used to therapy a variety of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, edema, hepatitis and bronchitis. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of EA against LPS-induced endotoxic shock by the intraperitoneal injection of EA (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg) prior to LPS stimulation (1 mg/kg, i.p.). We examined the effects of EA on the survival rate of mice, inflammatory cytokine and pro-inflammatory mediator production, histopathological changes and protein expression of COX-2 in tissue sections from lung, liver and kidney. The results indicate that EA not only increases the survival rate of mice, but decreases the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, NO and PGE2 in serum or tissues, histopathological changes and COX-2 protein expression also. Furthermore, EA also increases the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in serum. Overall, these data suggest that the protective effects of EA against LPS-induced endotoxic shock may be mediated, at least in part, by regulation the release of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, and protein expression of COX-2 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Qingli Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Huan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Huani Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hua Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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32
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He Z, Chen X, Wang S, Zou Z. Toll-like receptor 4 monoclonal antibody attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:871-876. [PMID: 25120616 PMCID: PMC4113535 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has an important role in the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in the activation of the inflammatory cascade. In the present study, the effect of TLR4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) was investigated in mice. A total of 45 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely, the control (group C), sepsis (group S) and pretreatment groups (group P). Mice in group P were intraperitoneally treated with TLR4 mAb 1 h prior to the intraperitoneal administration of LPS. Following treatment with LPS for increasing times periods in groups S and P, the mRNA expression level of TLR4 in the lung tissue and the expression of inflammatory factors in the serum were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. The degree of pulmonary edema, expressed as (wet weight - dry weight)/wet weight, as well as the lung injury scores, observed using a light microscope, were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of LPS in mice increased the mRNA expression levels of TLR4, the secretion of inflammatory factors in the serum, the degree of pulmonary edema and the lung injury score in a time-dependent manner. However, pretreatment with TLR4 mAb effectively attenuated the increased mRNA expression of TLR4 and the overproduction of inflammatory factors to correct the pulmonary edema and the elevated lung injury score induced by LPS. Therefore, TLR4 plays a critical role in LPS-induced ALI, and the TLR4 mAb decreases the secretion of inflammatory factors and attenuates the degree of pulmonary edema, thereby protecting the lungs from LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, University of Sun Yat-sen, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, University of Sun Yat-sen, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Shouping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, University of Sun Yat-sen, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, University of Sun Yat-sen, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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Zhang M, Swofford CA, Forbes NS. Lipid A controls the robustness of intratumoral accumulation of attenuated Salmonella in mice. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:647-57. [PMID: 24374783 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Engineered Salmonella have the potential to treat cancers that are not responsive to standard molecular therapies. This potential has not been realized because colonization in human tumors is insufficient and variable as shown in preliminary phase I trials. Recent studies have shown that Salmonella colonization is associated with an inflammatory response mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF). An injectable agent, molecular lipid A, could be used to control bacterial accumulation because it induces TNF production and is rapidly cleared. We hypothesized that concurrently administrating lipid A with attenuated Salmonella would increase intratumoral accumulation, improve the robustness of tumor-targeting and be nontoxic. To test this hypothesis, Salmonella and lipid A were injected into mice with 4T1 mammary tumors. Colonization was quantified after 48 hr using anti-Salmonella immunofluorescence. A 2 μg/mouse dose of lipid A increased the area of colonized tissue fourfold, reduced variance 50% and ensured colonization in all mice. Comparatively, Salmonella failed to colonize some control mice, similar to human trials. No toxicity was observed in any treated mice. The fraction of tumor tissue with more than 25% bacterial coverage was eight times greater for treated mice compared to controls. Lipid A treatment also reduced the maximum average distance of tissue to Salmonella colonies from 1348 to 260 μm. A mathematical model of bacterial drug production predicted that 2 μg lipid A would increase tumor cell death by 82%. These results suggest that lipid A could solve the clinical challenges of Salmonella therapy and enable safe and robust treatment of cancer with bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
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34
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Paludo FJO, Bristot IJ, Alho CS, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF. Effects of 47C allele (rs4880) of the SOD2 gene in the production of intracellular reactive species in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with and without lipopolysaccharides induction. Free Radic Res 2013; 48:190-9. [PMID: 24164232 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.859385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Challenging of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) has been shown to activate monocytes and macrophages, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an important enzyme that may play a central role in the response to oxidative stress. 47C> T SNP of the SOD2 gene, the -9Val MnSOD is less efficient than the -9Ala version. We have previously characterized the cellular redox status of human PBMCs expressing either -9Ala (CC) or -9Val (TT) SOD2 and analyzed the responses of these cells to oxidative stress induced by LPS. Due to the observed alterations in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes, we decided to investigate their immunocontent and analyze the production of intracellular oxidants, as well as any resulting DNA damage. PBMCs were isolated from the blood of 30 healthy human volunteers (15 volunteers per allele). We then analyzed levels of nitrite, DNA damage by comet assay, TNF-α, carboxymethyl lysine and nitrotyrosine and assessed production of intracellular reactive species by the DCFH-DA-based assay and western blots were used to analyze protein levels. Our results show that there occurs an increase in nitric oxide production in both allele groups after challenge with LPS. A significant increase in DNA damage was observed in PBMCs after an 8-h LPS challenge. Cells expressing the SOD2 47C allele quickly adapt to a more intense metabolism by upregulating cellular detoxification mechanisms. However, when these cells are stressed over a long period, they accumulate a large quantity of toxic metabolic byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J O Paludo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Sakaki H, Tsukimoto M, Harada H, Moriyama Y, Kojima S. Autocrine regulation of macrophage activation via exocytosis of ATP and activation of P2Y11 receptor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59778. [PMID: 23577075 PMCID: PMC3618444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate macrophage activation to establish novel therapies for inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis; a systemic inflammatory response syndrome generally caused by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we investigated the involvement of extracellular ATP-mediated autocrine signaling in LPS-induced macrophage activation. We show here that ATP release via exocytosis, followed by activation of P2Y11 receptor, is a major pathway of the macrophage activation, leading to release of cytokines. Treatment of human monocyte THP-1 cells with LPS induced rapid ATP release from cells, and this release was blocked by knockdown of SLC17A9 (vesicular nucleotide transporter, VNUT), which is responsible for exocytosis of ATP. ATP-enriched vesicles were found in cytosol of THP-1 cells. These data suggest the involvement of vesicular exocytosis in the release of ATP. Knockdown of SLC17A9, the P2Y11 antagonist NF157 or knockdown of P2Y11 receptor significantly suppressed both M1-type polarization and IL-6 production in THP-1 cells, indicating an important role of activation of P2Y11 receptor by released ATP in macrophage activation. Next, the effect of NF157 on LPS-induced immune activation was examined in vivo. Administration of LPS to mice caused increase of serum IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha levels at 3–24 h after the administration. Pre-treatment of LPS-treated mice with NF157 suppressed both elevation of proinflammatory cytokines in serum and M1 polarization of peritoneal/spleen macrophages. Moreover, post-treatment with NF157 at 30 min after administration of LPS also suppressed the elevation of serum cytokines levels. We conclude that vesicular exocytosis of ATP and autocrine, positive feedback through P2Y11 receptors is required for the effective activation of macrophages. Consequently, P2Y11 receptor antagonists may be drug candidates for treatment of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sakaki
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hitoshi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka-shi, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Kojima
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi Chiba, Japan
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Bojalil R, Mata-González MT, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Yee Y, Argueta I, Bolaños L, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Camacho-Villegas TA, Sánchez-Castrejón E, García-Ubbelohde WJ, Licea-Navarro AF, Márquez-Velasco R, Paniagua-Solís JF. Anti-tumor necrosis factor VNAR single domains reduce lethality and regulate underlying inflammatory response in a murine model of endotoxic shock. BMC Immunol 2013; 14:17. [PMID: 23548047 PMCID: PMC3621089 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sepsis, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the key factor triggering respiratory burst, tissue injury and disseminated coagulation. Anti-TNF strategies based on monoclonal antibodies or F(ab')₂ fragments have been used in sepsis with contradictory results. Immunoglobulin new antigen receptors (IgNAR) are a unique subset of antibodies consisting of five constant (CNAR) and one variable domains (VNAR). VNAR domains are the smallest, naturally occurring, antibody-based immune recognition units, having potential use as therapy. Our aim was to explore the impact of an anti-TNF VNAR on survival in an experimental model of endotoxic shock. Also, mRNA expression and serum protein of several inflammatory molecules were measured. RESULTS Endotoxic shock was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in male Balb/c mice. Animals were treated with anti-TNF VNAR domains, F(ab')₂ antibody fragments, or saline solution 15 minutes before, 2 h and 24 h after lethal dose₁₀₀ (LD₁₀₀) LPS administration. TNF blockade with either VNAR domains or F(ab')₂ fragments were associated with lower mortality (60% and 75%, respectively) compared to LD₁₀₀. Challenge with LPS induced significant production of serum TNF and interleukins -10 and -6 at 3 h. After that, significant reduction of IL-6 at 24 h (vs 3 h) was shown only in the VNAR group. Nitrites level also increased in response to LPS. In liver, TNF and IL-10 mRNA expression showed a pro-inflammatory imbalance in response to LPS. Blocking TNF was associated with a shift towards an anti-inflammatory status; however, polarization was more pronounced in animals receiving F(ab')₂ fragments than in those with VNAR therapy. With regard to IL-6, gene expression was increased at 3 h in all groups. TNF blockade was associated with rapid and sustained suppression of IL-6 expression, even more evident in the VNAR group. Finally, expression of inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) increased in response to LPS at 3 h, but this was decreased at 24 h only in the anti-TNF VNAR group. CONCLUSIONS Anti-TNF VNAR single domains improved survival in a murine model of endotoxic shock. Protection was associated with regulation in the TNF/IL-10 balance, attenuation of IL-6 and iNOS gene expression in the liver as well as decreased serum IL-6 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bojalil
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Belkina AC, Nikolajczyk BS, Denis GV. BET protein function is required for inflammation: Brd2 genetic disruption and BET inhibitor JQ1 impair mouse macrophage inflammatory responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 190:3670-8. [PMID: 23420887 PMCID: PMC3608815 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation regulates activation and repression of multiple inflammatory genes known to play critical roles in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, proteins responsible for translating the histone acetylation code into an orchestrated proinflammatory cytokine response remain poorly characterized. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins are "readers" of histone acetylation marks, with demonstrated roles in gene transcription, but the ability of BET proteins to coordinate the response of inflammatory cytokine genes through translation of histone marks is unknown. We hypothesize that members of the BET family of dual bromodomain-containing transcriptional regulators directly control inflammatory genes. We examined the genetic model of brd2 lo mice, a BET protein hypomorph, to show that Brd2 is essential for proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. Studies that use small interfering RNA knockdown and a small-molecule inhibitor of BET protein binding, JQ1, independently demonstrate BET proteins are critical for macrophage inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we show that Brd2 and Brd4 physically associate with the promoters of inflammatory cytokine genes in macrophages. This association is absent in the presence of BET inhibition by JQ1. Finally, we demonstrate that JQ1 ablates cytokine production in vitro and blunts the "cytokine storm" in endotoxemic mice by reducing levels of IL-6 and TNF-α while rescuing mice from LPS-induced death. We propose that targeting BET proteins with small-molecule inhibitors will benefit hyperinflammatory conditions associated with high levels of cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Belkina
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerald V. Denis
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Song Y, Dou H, Gong W, Liu X, Yu Z, Li E, Tan R, Hou Y. Bis-N-norgliovictin, a small-molecule compound from marine fungus, inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and improves survival in sepsis. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 705:49-60. [PMID: 23438875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a highly lethal disorder characterized by systemic inflammation, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in macrophages plays a crucial role in modulating innate immune response and outcome of sepsis. During the screening of natural products against inflammation, we identified bis-N-norgliovictin, a small-molecule compound isolated from marine-derived fungus, significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS, ligand of TLR4)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of bis-N-norgliovictin on TLR4-mediated inflammation in mouse macrophages and LPS-induced sepsis model. In RAW264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophages, bis-N-norgliovictin dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-β (IFN-β) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), but without suppressing cell viability. The anti-inflammatory effect was attributed to the down-regulation of TLR4-triggered myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88)-dependent and TIR-containing adapter inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling pathways, including p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) cascades. Importantly, bis-N-norgliovictin also protected mice against LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Intravenous injection of bis-N-norgliovictin 1h before LPS challenge dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced increases in serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-10, attenuated liver and lung injury and diminished M1 macrophage polarization in liver. Our results demonstrate that bis-N-norgliovictin exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that bis-N-norgliovictin can be a useful therapeutic candidate for the treatment of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Song
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Lab & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Huang S, Miao R, Zhou Z, Wang T, Liu J, Liu G, Chen YE, Xin HB, Zhang J, Fu M. MCPIP1 negatively regulates toll-like receptor 4 signaling and protects mice from LPS-induced septic shock. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1228-34. [PMID: 23422584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Septic shock is one of leading causes of morbidity and mortality in hospital patients. However, genetic factors predisposing to septic shock are not fully understood. Our previous work showed that MCP-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) was induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), which then negatively regulates LPS-induced inflammatory signaling in vitro. Here we report that although MCPIP1 was induced by various toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in macrophages, MCPIP1-deficient mice are extremely susceptible to TLR4 ligand (LPS)-induced septic shock and death, but not to the TLR2, 3, 5 and 9 ligands-induced septic shock. Consistently, LPS induced tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) production in MCPIP1-deficient mice was 20-fold greater than that in their wild-type littermates. Further analysis revealed that MCPIP1-deficient mice developed severe acute lung injury after LPS injection and JNK signaling was highly activated in MCPIP1-deficient lungs after LPS stimulation. Finally, macrophage-specific MCPIP1 transgenic mice were partially protected from LPS-induced septic shock, suggesting that inflammatory cytokines from sources other than macrophages may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of LPS-induced septic shock. Taken together, these results suggest that MCPIP1 selectively suppresses TLR4 signaling pathway and protects mice from LPS-induced septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Huang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Preclinical investigations reveal the broad-spectrum neutralizing activity of peptide Pep19-2.5 on bacterial pathogenicity factors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:1480-7. [PMID: 23318793 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02066-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are known to cause severe health-threatening conditions, including sepsis. All attempts to get this disease under control failed in the past, and especially in times of increasing antibiotic resistance, this leads to one of the most urgent medical challenges of our times. We designed a peptide to bind with high affinity to endotoxins, one of the most potent pathogenicity factors involved in triggering sepsis. The peptide Pep19-2.5 reveals high endotoxin neutralization efficiency in vitro, and here, we demonstrate its antiseptic/anti-inflammatory effects in vivo in the mouse models of endotoxemia, bacteremia, and cecal ligation and puncture, as well as in an ex vivo model of human tissue. Furthermore, we show that Pep19-2.5 can bind and neutralize not only endotoxins but also other bacterial pathogenicity factors, such as those from the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. This broad neutralization efficiency and the additive action of the peptide with common antibiotics makes it an exceptionally appropriate drug candidate against bacterial sepsis and also offers multiple other medication opportunities.
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Zhu ZG, Jin H, Yu PJ, Tian YX, Zhang JJ, Wu SG. Mollugin inhibits the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages by blocking the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:399-406. [PMID: 23318249 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mollugin, a kind of naphthohydroquinone, is a major constituent isolated from Rubia cordifolia L. and demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory activity in recent reports. However, the effects and mechanism of action of mollugin in inflammation have not been fully defined. The present study was therefore designed to investigate whether mollugin suppresses the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Mollugin attenuated the LPS-induced expression of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 but augmented the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Mollugin did not inhibit the degradation of inhibitory kappa B (IκB)-α or the nuclear translocation of p65 nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) but rather enhanced the phosphorylation of p65 subunits evoked by LPS. Mollugin did not inhibit the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 either. Mollugin significantly reduced the LPS-mediated phosphorylation of Janus kinase (JAK) 2, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3. Molecular docking analysis showed that mollugin binds to JAK2 in a manner similar to that of AG490, a specific JAK2 inhibitor. We conclude that mollugin may be a JAK2 inhibitor and inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Guang Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Baurhoo B, Ferket P, Ashwell CM, de Oliviera J, Zhao X. Cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae differentially modulated innate immunity and glucose metabolism during late systemic inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30323. [PMID: 22272335 PMCID: PMC3260269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella causes acute systemic inflammation by using its virulence factors to invade the intestinal epithelium. But, prolonged inflammation may provoke severe body catabolism and immunological diseases. Salmonella has become more life-threatening due to emergence of multiple-antibiotic resistant strains. Mannose-rich oligosaccharides (MOS) from cells walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown to bind mannose-specific lectin of Gram-negative bacteria including Salmonella, and prevent their adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. However, whether MOS may potentially mitigate systemic inflammation is not investigated yet. Moreover, molecular events underlying innate immune responses and metabolic activities during late inflammation, in presence or absence of MOS, are unknown. Methods and Principal Findings Using a Salmonella LPS-induced systemic inflammation chicken model and microarray analysis, we investigated the effects of MOS and virginiamycin (VIRG, a sub-therapeutic antibiotic) on innate immunity and glucose metabolism during late inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that MOS and VIRG modulated innate immunity and metabolic genes differently. Innate immune responses were principally mediated by intestinal IL-3, but not TNF-α, IL-1 or IL-6, whereas glucose mobilization occurred through intestinal gluconeogenesis only. MOS inherently induced IL-3 expression in control hosts. Consequent to LPS challenge, IL-3 induction in VIRG hosts but not differentially expressed in MOS hosts revealed that MOS counteracted LPS's detrimental inflammatory effects. Metabolic pathways are built to elucidate the mechanisms by which VIRG host's higher energy requirements were met: including gene up-regulations for intestinal gluconeogenesis (PEPCK) and liver glycolysis (ENO2), and intriguingly liver fatty acid synthesis through ATP citrate synthase (CS) down-regulation and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) and malic enzyme (ME) up-regulations. However, MOS host's lower energy demands were sufficiently met through TCA citrate-derived energy, as indicated by CS up-regulation. Conclusions MOS terminated inflammation earlier than VIRG and reduced glucose mobilization, thus representing a novel biological strategy to alleviate Salmonella-induced systemic inflammation in human and animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushansingh Baurhoo
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (BB); (XZ)
| | - Peter Ferket
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chris M. Ashwell
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jean de Oliviera
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (BB); (XZ)
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common sequel of sepsis in the intensive care unit. It is being suggested that sepsis-induced AKI may have a distinct pathophysiology and identity. Availability of biomarkers now enable us to detect AKI as early as four hours after it's inception and may even help us to delineate sepsis-induced AKI. Protective strategies such as preferential use of vasopressin or prevention of intra-abdominal hypertension may help, in addition to the other global management strategies of sepsis. Pharmacologic interventions have had limited success, may be due to their delayed usage. Newer developments in extracorporeal blood purification techniques may proffer effects beyond simple replacement of renal function, such as metabolic functions of the kidney or modulation of the sepsis cascade.
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Langsdorf EF, Mao X, Chang SL. A role for reactive oxygen species in endotoxin-induced elevation of MOR expression in the nervous and immune systems. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 236:57-64. [PMID: 21684020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mechanism by which exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alters mu-opioid receptor (MOR) expression in immune and neuronal cells using an in vitro conditioned medium model system. We found that LPS stimulated the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MOR expression in macrophage-like TPA-HL-60 cells. Conditioned medium from the LPS-stimulated TPA-HL-60 cells increased MOR expression in SH-SY5Y cells, a neuronal cell model, through actions mediated by TNF-α and GM-CSF. These data suggest that the endotoxin, LPS, modulates MOR expression in nervous and immune cells via ROS signaling, and demonstrates the crosstalk that exists within the neuroimmune axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik F Langsdorf
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave., South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
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Hsu CC, Chuang WJ, Chang CH, Tseng YL, Peng HC, Huang TF. Improvements in endotoxemic syndromes using a disintegrin, rhodostomin, through integrin αvβ3-dependent pathway. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:593-602. [PMID: 21143376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Septic shock is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units, but there is still no effective therapy for the patients. We evaluated the effects of rhodostomin (Rn), an Arg-Gly-Asp-containing snake venom disintegrin, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated phagocytes in vitro and LPS-induced endotoxemia in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Rn inhibited adhesion, migration, cytokine production and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation of macrophage induced by LPS. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Rn specifically blocked anti-αv mAb binding to RAW264.7. Besides inhibiting MAPK activation of THP-1, Rn bound to LPS-activated THP-1 and specifically blocked anti-αvβ3 mAb binding to THP-1. Binding assays proved that integrin αvβ3 was the binding site for rhodostomin on phagocytes. Rn reversed the enhancement of fibronectin and vitronectin on LPS-induced monocyte adhesion and cytokine release. Transfection of integrin αv siRNA also inhibited LPS-induced activation of monocyte, and Rn exerted no further inhibitory effect. Furthermore, Rn significantly decreased the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-6, -1β and -10 and attenuated cardiovascular dysfunction, including blood pressure and heart pulse, and thrombocytopenia in LPS-induced endotoxemic mice. Rn also protected against tissue inflammation as evidenced by histological examination. CONCLUSIONS Rn may interact with αvβ3 integrin of monocytes/macrophages leading to interfere with the activation of phagocytes triggered by LPS. These results suggest that the protective function of Rn in LPS-induced endotoxemia may be attributed to its anti-inflammation activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu G, Li X, Deng X, Fan X, Wang S, Shen Z, Xi T. Protective effects of antimicrobial peptide S-thanatin against endotoxic shock in mice introduced by LPS. Peptides 2011; 32:353-7. [PMID: 21050874 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis continues to be a major unresolved medical challenge of the present. Severe sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of multiple organ failure and mortality in noncoronary intensive care units (ICUs). The primary reason of septic shock is the activation of host effecter cells by endotoxin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with cell membranes of gram-negative bacteria. For these reasons, the key point of treatment is removing LPS. S-thanatin (Ts), an analog of thanatin, was synthesized by substituting the 15th amino acid of threonine with serine, which showed a broad antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. We have reported its LPS-binding and -neutralizing activity in vitro. The aim of this study is to examine the LPS-neutralizing activities and the protective effects of S-thanatin in vivo. Every mice was injected intraperitoneally with LPS (from Escherichia coli O111:B4) 150μg before injected intraperitoneally or vena caudalis with 3mg/kg, 6mg/kg and 12mg/kg, and measured endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations in plasma, as well as lethality. The results showed that S-thanatin can significantly reduce endotoxin and TNF-α level in plasma, at the same time resulting in the highest survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiu Wu
- Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. guoqiu
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Chitosan oligosaccharides protect mice from LPS challenge by attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Mice treated with a benzodiazepine had an improved survival rate following Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. J Burn Care Res 2010; 31:1-12. [PMID: 20061831 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e3181cb8e82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress has a high incidence after burn injury, therefore, anxiolytic drugs are often prescribed. Unfortunately, to date, no burn study has investigated the effects of anxiolytic drugs on the ability to fight infection. This study was undertaken to determine if psychological stress, anxiety-modulating drugs, or both, alter survival following an infection. On day 0, 7-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice either received a 15% full-thickness flame burn or were sham treated (anesthesia and shaved), whereas controls received no treatment. Mice received midazolam (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or saline daily and were stressed by exposure to rat in a guinea pig cage or placed in an empty cage for 1 hour a day, beginning on postburn day 1. For the survival experiments, mice either received bacteria after 2 or 8 consecutive days of predator exposure and drug treatment, which continued daily for 7 days after inoculation. In a separate set of experiments, after eight daily injections of midazolam, mice were given lipopolysaccharide, bacteria, or saline and were killed 12 hours later. Mice that received midazolam had improved survival rates when compared with their saline-treated counterparts, and the protective effect was more significant the more days they received the drug. For most of the cytokines, the bacteria-induced increase was significantly attenuated by midazolam as was the amount of bacteria in the liver. The protective effect seems to be independent of the drug's anxiolytic activity as there were no significant differences in survival between the predator-stressed and the nonstressed mice. The mechanisms responsible for the protective effect remain to be elucidated.
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Myocardial Dysfunction in Early State of Endotoxemia Role of Heme-Oxygenase-1. J Surg Res 2010; 158:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Heemskerk S, Masereeuw R, Russel FGM, Pickkers P. Selective iNOS inhibition for the treatment of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2009; 5:629-40. [PMID: 19786992 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2009.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of sepsis and the associated development of acute kidney injury (AKI) remain high, despite intense research into potential treatments. Targeting the inflammatory response and/or sepsis-induced alterations in the (micro)circulation are two therapeutic strategies. Another approach could involve modulating the downstream mechanisms that are responsible for organ system dysfunction. Activation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) during sepsis leads to elevated NO levels that influence renal hemodynamics and cause peroxynitrite-related tubular injury through the local generation of reactive nitrogen species. In many organs iNOS is not constitutively expressed; however, it is constitutively expressed in the kidney and, in humans, a relationship between the upregulation of renal iNOS and proximal tubular injury during systemic inflammation has been demonstrated. For these reasons, the selective inhibition of renal iNOS might have important implications for the treatment of sepsis-induced AKI. Various animal studies have demonstrated that selective iNOS inhibition-in contrast to nonselective NOS inhibition-attenuates sepsis-induced renal dysfunction and improves survival, a finding that warrants investigation in clinical trials. In this Review, the selective inhibition of iNOS as a potential novel treatment for sepsis-induced AKI is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Heemskerk
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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