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Hinchcliff M, Garcia-Milian R, Di Donato S, Dill K, Bundschuh E, Galdo FD. Cellular and Molecular Diversity in Scleroderma. Semin Immunol 2021; 58:101648. [PMID: 35940960 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing armamentarium of high-throughput tools available at manageable cost, it is attractive and informative to determine the molecular underpinnings of patient heterogeneity in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Given the highly variable clinical outcomes of patients labelled with the same diagnosis, unravelling the cellular and molecular basis of disease heterogeneity will be crucial to predicting disease risk, stratifying management and ultimately informing a patient-centered precision medicine approach. Herein, we summarise the findings of the past several years in the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics that contribute to unraveling the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of SSc. Expansion of these findings and their routine integration with quantitative analysis of histopathology and imaging studies into clinical care promise to inform a scientifically driven patient-centred personalized medicine approach to SSc in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Hinchcliff
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, USA.
| | | | - Stefano Di Donato
- Raynaud's and Scleroderma Programme, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Bundschuh
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, USA
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Raynaud's and Scleroderma Programme, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leeds, UK.
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, Barroso-Aranda J, Assanga S, Lujan LML, O'Keefe JH. A nutraceutical strategy for downregulating TGFβ signalling: prospects for prevention of fibrotic disorders, including post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. Open Heart 2021; 8:openhrt-2021-001663. [PMID: 33879509 PMCID: PMC8061562 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Simon Assanga
- Department of Research and Postgraduate Studies in Food, University of Sonora, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - James H O'Keefe
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Li K, He Z, Wang X, Pineda M, Chen R, Liu H, Ma K, Shen H, Wu C, Huang N, Pan T, Liu Y, Guo J. Apigenin C-glycosides of Microcos paniculata protects lipopolysaccharide induced apoptosis and inflammation in acute lung injury through TLR4 signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:163-175. [PMID: 29890216 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life-threatening conditions with high morbility and mortality, underscoring the urgent need for novel treatments. Leaves of the medicinal herb Microcos paniculata have been traditionally used for treating upper airway infections, by virtue of its content of flavonoids such as apigenin C-glycosides (ACGs). C-glycosides have been shown to exert strong anti-inflammatory properties, although their mechanism of action remains unknown. Herein, hypothesizing that ACGs from M. paniculata inhibit progression of ALI, we used the experimental model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in BALB/c mice to evaluate the therapeutic potential of purified ACGs. Our results showed that M. paniculata ACGs inhibited lung inflammation in animals undergoing ALI. The protective effects of ACGs were assessed by determination of cytokine levels and in situ analysis of lung inflammation. ACGs reduced the pulmonary edema and microvascular permeability, demonstrating a dose-dependent down-regulation of LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β expression in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, along with reduced apoptosis. Moreover, metabolic profiling of mice serum and subsequent Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suggested that ACGs activated protective protein networks and pathways involving inflammatory regulators and apoptosis-related factors, such as JNK, ERK1/2 and caspase-3/7, suggesting that ACGs-dependent effects were related to MAPKs and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. These results were further supported by evaluation of protein expression, showing that ACGs blocked LPS-activated phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK on the MAPKs signaling, and significantly upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 whilst down-regulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Remarkably, ACGs inhibited the LPS-dependent TLR4 and TRPC6 upregulation observed during ALI. Our study shows for the first time that ACGs inhibit acute inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing activation of TLR4/TRPC6 signaling pathway in a murine model of ALI. Our findings provide new evidence for better understanding the anti-inflammatory effects of ACGs. In this regard, ACGs could be exploited in the development of novel therapeutics for ALI and ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunping Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 East Road, Outer Ring, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuoru He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 East Road, Outer Ring, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinqiuyue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Miguel Pineda
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Runbao Chen
- The Second Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Haiqi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Kaiting Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Huanjia Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- The Second Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ningtin Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tianling Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 East Road, Outer Ring, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 East Road, Outer Ring, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Ortona E, Maselli A, Delunardo F, Colasanti T, Giovannetti A, Pierdominici M. Relationship between redox status and cell fate in immunity and autoimmunity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:103-22. [PMID: 24359147 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The signaling function of redox molecules is essential for an efficient and proper execution of a large number of cellular processes, contributing to the maintenance of cell homeostasis. Excessive oxidative stress is considered as playing an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by enhancing inflammation and breaking down the immunological tolerance through protein structural modifications that induce the appearance of neo/cryptic epitopes. RECENT ADVANCES There is a complex reciprocal relationship between oxidative stress and both apoptosis and autophagy, which is essential to determine cell fate. This is especially relevant in the context of autoimmune disorders in which apoptosis and autophagy play a crucial pathogenic role. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we describe the latest developments with regard to the involvement of redox molecules in the initiation and progression of autoimmune disorders, focusing on their role in cell fate regulation. We also discuss new therapeutic approaches that target oxidative stress in the treatment of these disorders. The administration of antioxidants is scarcely studied in autoimmunity, and future analyses are needed to assess its beneficial effects in preventing or ameliorating these diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Deciphering the intricate relationships between oxidative stress and both apoptosis and autophagy in the context of autoimmunity could be critical in elucidating key pathogenic mechanisms and could lead to novel interventions for the clinical management of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortona
- 1 Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome, Italy
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Wei S, Huang Q, Li J, Liu Z, You H, Chen Y, Gong J. Taurine attenuates liver injury by downregulating phosphorylated p38 MAPK of Kupffer cells in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Inflammation 2012; 35:690-701. [PMID: 21833764 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to clarify the effects of taurine on liver injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: a sham operation (SO), a SAP (established by infusion of 5% taurocholate), and a SAP given taurine (Taur). At 12 and 24 h post-operation, taurine pretreatment significantly attenuated hepatic tissue injury induced by SAP, and concurrently, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and amylase levels were significantly reduced by taurine pretreatment. Compared with the SO group, the total and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) expression and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity of Kupffer cells (KCs) were significantly higher in the SAP group, but taurine pretreatment inhibited the total and phosphorylated p38 MAPK expression and NF-κB activity of KCs in the SAP group. The increase of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-lβ in cultured supernate of the SAP rat-derived KCs was also significantly inhibited by taurine pretreatment. These results suggest that taurine pretreatment ameliorated liver injury in rats with SAP mainly by inhibiting phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NF-κB activity in KCs, which may play an important role in liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidong Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China
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Kirov A, Duarte M, Guay J, Karolak M, Yan C, Oxburgh L, Prudovsky I. Transgenic expression of nonclassically secreted FGF suppresses kidney repair. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36485. [PMID: 22606265 PMCID: PMC3351418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF1 is a signal peptide-less nonclassically released growth factor that is involved in angiogenesis, tissue repair, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. The effects of nonclassical FGF export in vivo are not sufficiently studied. We produced transgenic mice expressing FGF1 in endothelial cells (EC), which allowed the detection of FGF1 export to the vasculature, and studied the efficiency of postischemic kidney repair in these animals. Although FGF1 transgenic mice had a normal phenotype with unperturbed kidney structure, they showed a severely inhibited kidney repair after unilateral ischemia/reperfusion. This was manifested by a strong decrease of postischemic kidney size and weight, whereas the undamaged contralateral kidney exhibited an enhanced compensatory size increase. In addition, the postischemic kidneys of transgenic mice were characterized by hyperplasia of interstitial cells, paucity of epithelial tubular structures, increase of the areas occupied by connective tissue, and neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. The continuous treatment of transgenic mice with the cell membrane stabilizer, taurine, inhibited nonclassical FGF1 export and significantly rescued postischemic kidney repair. It was also found that similar to EC, the transgenic expression of FGF1 in monocytes and macrophages suppresses kidney repair. We suggest that nonclassical export may be used as a target for the treatment of pathologies involving signal peptide-less FGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Kirov
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Maria Duarte
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Justin Guay
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Michele Karolak
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Pathology, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Igor Prudovsky
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gültekin SE, Sengüven B, Sofuoğlu A, Taner L, Koch M. Effect of the topical use of the antioxidant taurine on the two basement membrane proteins of regenerating oral gingival epithelium. J Periodontol 2012; 83:127-34. [PMID: 21574832 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The essential amino acid taurine has important physiologic and pathologic roles, and has been shown to have osmoregulatory, antioxidative, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antilipid activities. However, the response of oral gingival epithelium to taurine during wound healing remains unclear. The goal of this study is to evaluate the expression of laminin 5 and Type IV collagen histologically in regenerating gingival epithelium after direct application of taurine on incised human gingival samples. METHODS The study was conducted on 16 gingival samples obtained from gingivectomy specimens of eight adult patients with generalized gingival overgrowth. The samples were divided into two groups: gingiva with 1% taurine-hydrated collagen membrane (n = 8) and saline-hydrated collagen membrane (n = 8) applied specimens. The length of the newly formed epithelium on the wound surface and inflammation was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Basement membrane formation was evaluated by detection of laminin 5 and Type IV collagen expressions on immunohistochemically stained samples. RESULTS Complete new epithelial formation was observed in 1% taurine-treated gingivectomy specimens, whereas incomplete regeneration of the epithelium was observed in control gingivectomy specimens (P <0.05). The length of the newly formed epithelium showed a negative correlation with inflammation in the taurine group (P = -0.712; P <0.05). Immunoreactivity for both laminin 5 and Type IV collagen did not show any significant difference between groups. CONCLUSION The local application of taurine-hydrated collagen membrane on human gingival wounds demonstrated the histologic evidence of rapid reepithelization with taurine.
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