1
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Amidfar M, Garcez ML, Kim YK. The shared molecular mechanisms underlying aging of the brain, major depressive disorder, and Alzheimer's disease: The role of circadian rhythm disturbances. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 123:110721. [PMID: 36702452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An association with circadian clock function and pathophysiology of aging, major depressive disorder (MDD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well established and has been proposed as a factor in the development of these diseases. Depression and changes in circadian rhythm have been increasingly suggested as the two primary overlapping and interpenetrating changes that occur with aging. The relationship between AD and depression in late life is not completely understood and probably is complex. Patients with major depression or AD suffer from disturbed sleep/wake cycles and altered rhythms in daily activities. Although classical monoaminergic hypotheses are traditionally proposed to explain the pathophysiology of MDD, several clinical and preclinical studies have reported a strong association between circadian rhythm and mood regulation. In addition, a large body of evidence supports an association between disruption of circadian rhythm and AD. Some clock genes are dysregulated in rodent models of depression. If aging, AD, and MDD share a common biological basis in pathophysiology, common therapeutic tools could be investigated for their prevention and treatment. Nitro-oxidative stress (NOS), for example, plays a fundamental role in aging, as well as in the pathogenesis of AD and MDD and is associated with circadian clock disturbances. Thus, development of therapeutic possibilities with these NOS-related conditions is advisable. This review describes recent findings that link disrupted circadian clocks to aging, MDD, and AD and summarizes the experimental evidence that supports connections between the circadian clock and molecular pathologic factors as shared common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying aging, AD, and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Amidfar
- Department of Neuroscience, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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2
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Lozano-Tovar S, Rodríguez-Agudelo Y, Dávila-Ortiz de Montellano DJ, Pérez-Aldana BE, Ortega-Vázquez A, Monroy-Jaramillo N. Relationship between APOE, PER2, PER3 and OX2R Genetic Variants and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4412. [PMID: 36901420 PMCID: PMC10001852 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of neuropsychiatric or behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). BPSD have been associated with the APOE_ε4 allele, which is also the major genetic AD risk factor. Although the involvement of some circadian genes and orexin receptors in sleep and behavioral disorders has been studied in some psychiatric pathologies, including AD, there are no studies considering gene-gene interactions. The associations of one variant in PER2, two in PER3, two in OX2R and two in APOE were evaluated in 31 AD patients and 31 cognitively healthy subjects. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR and capillary electrophoresis from blood samples. The allelic-genotypic frequencies of variants were calculated for the sample study. We explored associations between allelic variants with BPSD in AD patients based on the NPI, PHQ-9 and sleeping disorders questionnaires. Our results showed that the APOE_ε4 allele is an AD risk variant (p = 0.03). The remaining genetic variants did not reveal significant differences between patients and controls. The PER3_rs228697 variant showed a nine-fold increased risk for circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders in Mexican AD patients, and our gene-gene interaction analysis identified a novel interaction between PERIOD and APOE gene variants. These findings need to be further confirmed in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lozano-Tovar
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Ciudad Universitaria Avenida, C.U., Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Yaneth Rodríguez-Agudelo
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | | | - Blanca Estela Pérez-Aldana
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Alberto Ortega-Vázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
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3
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Chandra S, Sisodia SS, Vassar RJ. The gut microbiome in Alzheimer's disease: what we know and what remains to be explored. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:9. [PMID: 36721148 PMCID: PMC9889249 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, results in a sustained decline in cognition. There are currently few effective disease modifying therapies for AD, but insights into the mechanisms that mediate the onset and progression of disease may lead to new, effective therapeutic strategies. Amyloid beta oligomers and plaques, tau aggregates, and neuroinflammation play a critical role in neurodegeneration and impact clinical AD progression. The upstream modulators of these pathological features have not been fully clarified, but recent evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GMB) may have an influence on these features and therefore may influence AD progression in human patients. In this review, we summarize studies that have identified alterations in the GMB that correlate with pathophysiology in AD patients and AD mouse models. Additionally, we discuss findings with GMB manipulations in AD models and potential GMB-targeted therapeutics for AD. Lastly, we discuss diet, sleep, and exercise as potential modifiers of the relationship between the GMB and AD and conclude with future directions and recommendations for further studies of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhanth Chandra
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Sangram S. Sisodia
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Robert J. Vassar
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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4
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Zheng Y, Pan L, Wang F, Yan J, Wang T, Xia Y, Yao L, Deng K, Zheng Y, Xia X, Su Z, Chen H, Lin J, Ding Z, Zhang K, Zhang M, Chen Y. Neural function of Bmal1: an overview. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 36593479 PMCID: PMC9806909 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bmal1 (Brain and muscle arnt-like, or Arntl) is a bHLH/PAS domain transcription factor central to the transcription/translation feedback loop of the biologic clock. Although Bmal1 is well-established as a major regulator of circadian rhythm, a growing number of studies in recent years have shown that dysfunction of Bmal1 underlies a variety of psychiatric, neurodegenerative-like, and endocrine metabolism-related disorders, as well as potential oncogenic roles. In this review, we systematically summarized Bmal1 expression in different brain regions, its neurological functions related or not to circadian rhythm and biological clock, and pathological phenotypes arising from Bmal1 knockout. This review also discusses oscillation and rhythmicity, especially in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and provides perspective on future progress in Bmal1 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjia Zheng
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China ,grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feixue Wang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinglan Yan
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Taiyi Wang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yucen Xia
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Yao
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kelin Deng
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Zheng
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoye Xia
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhikai Su
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Hongjie Chen
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Ding
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaitong Zhang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China ,grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China ,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Zhu Y, Liu Y, Escames G, Yang Z, Zhao H, Qian L, Xue C, Xu D, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Yang Y. Deciphering clock genes as emerging targets against aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101725. [PMID: 36029999 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The old people often suffer from circadian rhythm disturbances, which in turn accelerate aging. Many aging-related degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and osteoarthritis have an inextricable connection with circadian rhythm. In light of the predominant effects of clock genes on regulating circadian rhythm, we systematically present the elaborate network of roles that clock genes play in aging in this review. First, we briefly introduce the basic background regarding clock genes. Second, we systemically summarize the roles of clock genes in aging and aging-related degenerative diseases. Third, we discuss the relationship between clock genes polymorphisms and aging. In summary, this review is intended to clarify the indispensable roles of clock genes in aging and sheds light on developing clock genes as anti-aging targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Germaine Escames
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, Spain; Ibs. Granada and CIBERfes, Granada, Spain; UGC of Clinical Laboratories, Universitu San Cecilio's Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengxu Xue
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Danni Xu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, Spain; Ibs. Granada and CIBERfes, Granada, Spain; UGC of Clinical Laboratories, Universitu San Cecilio's Hospital, Granada, Spain.
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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6
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Alachkar A, Lee J, Asthana K, Vakil Monfared R, Chen J, Alhassen S, Samad M, Wood M, Mayer EA, Baldi P. The hidden link between circadian entropy and mental health disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:281. [PMID: 35835742 PMCID: PMC9283542 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The high overlapping nature of various features across multiple mental health disorders suggests the existence of common psychopathology factor(s) (p-factors) that mediate similar phenotypic presentations across distinct but relatable disorders. In this perspective, we argue that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is a common underlying p-factor that bridges across mental health disorders within their age and sex contexts. We present and analyze evidence from the literature for the critical roles circadian rhythmicity plays in regulating mental, emotional, and behavioral functions throughout the lifespan. A review of the literature shows that coarse CRD, such as sleep disruption, is prevalent in all mental health disorders at the level of etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical phenotypical manifestations. Finally, we discuss the subtle interplay of CRD with sex in relation to these disorders across different stages of life. Our perspective highlights the need to shift investigations towards molecular levels, for instance, by using spatiotemporal circadian "omic" studies in animal models to identify the complex and causal relationships between CRD and mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Justine Lee
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Kalyani Asthana
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Roudabeh Vakil Monfared
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Sammy Alhassen
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Muntaha Samad
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Marcelo Wood
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718G. Oppenheimer Center of Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience and Goldman Luskin Microbiome Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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7
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Espinosa-Salinas I, Colmenarejo G, Fernández-Díaz CM, Gómez de Cedrón M, Martinez JA, Reglero G, Ramírez de Molina A. Potential protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection by APOE rs7412 polymorphism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7247. [PMID: 35508522 PMCID: PMC9065660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic burden caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus constitutes a global public health emergency. Increasing understanding about predisposing factors to infection and severity is now a priority. Genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors can play a crucial role in the course and clinical outcome of COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the putative relationship between genetic factors associated to obesity, metabolism and lifestyle, and the presence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 249 volunteers (178 women and 71 men, with mean and ± SD age of 49 ± 11 years) characterized for dietary, lifestyle habits and anthropometry, were studied for presence and severity of COVID-19 infection, and genotyped for 26 genetic variants related to obesity, lipid profile, inflammation, and biorhythm patterns. A statistically significant association was found concerning a protective effect of APOE rs7412 against SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.039; OR 0.216; CI 0.084, 0.557) after correction for multiple comparisons. This protective effect was also ascribed to the APOɛ2 allele (p = 0.001; OR 0.207; CI 0.0796, 0.538). The genetic variant rs7412 resulting in ApoE2, genetic determinant of lipid and lipoprotein levels, could play a significant role protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J Alfredo Martinez
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Nutrition Research (CIN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Bacalini MG, Palombo F, Garagnani P, Giuliani C, Fiorini C, Caporali L, Stanzani Maserati M, Capellari S, Romagnoli M, De Fanti S, Benussi L, Binetti G, Ghidoni R, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Arcaro M, Bonanni E, Siciliano G, Maestri M, Guarnieri B, Martucci M, Monti D, Carelli V, Franceschi C, La Morgia C, Santoro A. Association of rs3027178 polymorphism in the circadian clock gene PER1 with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease and longevity in an Italian population. GeroScience 2021; 44:881-896. [PMID: 34921659 PMCID: PMC9135916 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiological processes in the human body follow a 24-h circadian rhythm controlled by the circadian clock system. Light, sensed by retina, is the predominant “zeitgeber” able to synchronize the circadian rhythms to the light-dark cycles. Circadian rhythm dysfunction and sleep disorders have been associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we aimed at investigating the genetic variability of clock genes in AD patients compared to healthy controls from Italy. We also included a group of Italian centenarians, considered as super-controls in association studies given their extreme phenotype of successful aging. We analyzed the exon sequences of eighty-four genes related to circadian rhythms, and the most significant variants identified in this first discovery phase were further assessed in a larger independent cohort of AD patients by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The results identified a significant association between the rs3027178 polymorphism in the PER1 circadian gene with AD, the G allele being protective for AD. Interestingly, rs3027178 showed similar genotypic frequencies among AD patients and centenarians. These results collectively underline the relevance of circadian dysfunction in the predisposition to AD and contribute to the discussion on the role of the relationship between the genetics of age-related diseases and of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bacalini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Laboratorio Brain Aging, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Palombo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy.,CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Fiorini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sabina Capellari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Romagnoli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara De Fanti
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Bonanni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Maestri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Guarnieri
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Villa Serena Hospital and Villaserena Foundation for the Research, Città S. Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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9
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Kim SE, Kim S, Kim HJ, Kim REY, Kim SA, Shin C, Lee HW. CLOCK genetic variations are associated with age-related changes in sleep duration and brain volume. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:1907-1914. [PMID: 34908110 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a connection between sleep disruption and brain aging has been documented, biological mechanisms need to be further clarified. Intriguingly, aging is associated with circadian rhythm and/or sleep dysfunction in a key gene regulating circadian rhythm, CLOCK, have been linked to both aging-related sleep disturbances and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to investigate how CLOCK genetic variation associates with sleep duration changes and/or volumetric brain alteration. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES), and analyzed sleep characteristics and genetic and brain imaging data in 2,221 subjects (mean 58.8±6.8 years, 50.2% male). Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CLOCK were analyzed using PLINK software v1.09 to test for their association with sleep duration and brain volume. Haplotype analysis was performed by using pair-wise linkage disequilibrium (LD) of CLOCK polymorphisms, and multivariate analysis of covariance was for statistical analysis. RESULTS Decreased sleep duration was associated with several SNPs in CLOCK intronic regions, with the highest significance for rs10002541 (P=1.58x10 -5). Five SNPs with the highest significance (rs10002541-rs6850524-rs4580704- rs3805151-rs3749474) revealed that CGTCT was the most prevalent. In the major CGTCT haplotype, decreased sleep duration over time was associated with lower cortical volumes predominantly in frontal and parietal regions. Less common haplotypes (GCCTC/CGTTC) had shorter sleep duration and more decreases in sleep duration over 8 years, which revealed smaller total and gray matter volumes, especially in frontal and temporal regions of the left hemisphere. CONCLUSION CLOCK genetic variations could be involved in age-related sleep and brain volume changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song E Kim
- Department of Neurology and Medical Science, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soriul Kim
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology and Medical Science, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Regina E Y Kim
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, IA, USA
| | - Sol Ah Kim
- Department of Neurology and Medical Science, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate Program in System Health Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chol Shin
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, South Korea.,Division of Pulmonary Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Hyang Woon Lee
- Department of Neurology and Medical Science, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate Program in System Health Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Computational Medicine, Graduate Program in System Health Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, South Korea
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10
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G N S HS, Marise VLP, Satish KS, Yergolkar AV, Krishnamurthy M, Ganesan Rajalekshmi S, Radhika K, Burri RR. Untangling huge literature to disinter genetic underpinnings of Alzheimer's Disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101421. [PMID: 34371203 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is channeled towards unravelling key disease specific drug targets/genes to predict promising therapeutic candidates. Though enormous literature on AD genetics is available, there exists dearth in data pertinent to drug targets and crucial pathological pathways intertwined in disease progression. Further, the research findings revealing genetic associations failed to demonstrate consistency across different studies. This scenario prompted us to initiate a systematic review and meta-analysis with an aim of unearthing significant genetic hallmarks of AD. Initially, a Boolean search strategy was developed to retrieve case-control studies from PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, Europe PMC, grey literature and HuGE navigator. Subsequently, certain inclusion and exclusion criteria were framed to shortlist the relevant studies. These studies were later critically appraised using New Castle Ottawa Scale and Q-Genie followed by data extraction. Later, meta-analysis was performed only for those Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) which were evaluated in at least two different ethnicities from two different reports. Among, 204,351 studies retrieved, 820 met our eligibility criteria and 117 were processed for systematic review after critical appraisal. Ultimately, meta-analysis was performed for 23 SNPs associated with 15 genes which revealed significant associations of rs3865444 (CD33), rs7561528 (BIN1) and rs1801133 (MTHFR) with AD risk.
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11
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Niu L, Zhang F, Xu X, Yang Y, Li S, Liu H, Le W. Chronic sleep deprivation altered the expression of circadian clock genes and aggravated Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Brain Pathol 2021; 32:e13028. [PMID: 34668266 PMCID: PMC9048513 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption is prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may contribute to cognitive impairment, psychological symptoms, and neurodegeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of environmental and genetic factors on the molecular clock and to establish a link between circadian rhythm disturbance and AD. We investigated the pathological effects of chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice and their wild‐type (WT) littermates for 2 months and evaluated the expression levels of clock genes in the circadian rhythm‐related nuclei. Our results showed that CSD impaired learning and memory, and further exaggerated disease progression in the AD mice. Furthermore, CSD caused abnormal expression of Bmal1, Clock, and Cry1 in the circadian rhythm‐related nuclei of experimental mice, and these changes are more significant in AD mice. Abnormal expression of clock genes in AD mice suggested that the expression of clock genes is affected by APP/PS1 mutations. In addition, abnormal tau phosphorylation was found in the retrosplenial cortex, which was co‐located with the alteration of BMAL1 protein level. Moreover, the level of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus of AD and WT mice was significantly increased after CSD. There may be a potential link between the molecular clock, Aβ pathology, tauopathy, and the noradrenergic system. The results of this study provided new insights into the potential link between the disruption of circadian rhythm and the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Niu
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojiao Xu
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Li
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, China
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12
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Deciphering the Interacting Mechanisms of Circadian Disruption and Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1603-1617. [PMID: 33871799 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the crucial causative factors for progressive dementia. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by the extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in cortical and limbic regions of the human brain. The circadian system is one of the many affected physiological processes in AD, the dysfunction of which may reflect in the irregularity of the sleep/wake cycle. The interplay of circadian and sleep disturbances inducing AD progression is bidirectional. Sleep-associated pathological alterations are frequently evident in AD. Understanding the interrelation between circadian disruption and AD may allow for earlier identification of AD pathogenesis as well as better suited approaches and potential therapies to combat dementia. In this article, we examine the existing literature related to the molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock and interacting mechanisms of circadian disruption and AD pathogenesis.
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13
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Finger A, Kramer A. Mammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13548. [PMID: 32846050 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Humans and other mammalian species possess an endogenous circadian clock system that has evolved in adaptation to periodically reoccurring environmental changes and drives rhythmic biological functions, as well as behavioural outputs with an approximately 24-hour period. In mammals, body clocks are hierarchically organized, encompassing a so-called pacemaker clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), non-SCN brain and peripheral clocks, as well as cell-autonomous oscillators within virtually every cell type. A functional clock machinery on the molecular level, alignment among body clocks, as well as synchronization between endogenous circadian and exogenous environmental cycles has been shown to be crucial for our health and well-being. Yet, modern life constantly poses widespread challenges to our internal clocks, for example artificial lighting, shift work and trans-meridian travel, potentially leading to circadian disruption or misalignment and the emergence of associated diseases. For instance many of us experience a mismatch between sleep timing on work and free days (social jetlag) in our everyday lives without being aware of health consequences that may arise from such chronic circadian misalignment, Hence, this review provides an overview of the organization and molecular built-up of the mammalian circadian system, its interactions with the outside world, as well as pathologies arising from circadian disruption and misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna‐Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology Institute for Medical immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology Institute for Medical immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
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14
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Sion B, Bégou M. Can chronopharmacology improve the therapeutic management of neurological diseases? Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:564-581. [PMID: 33539566 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The importance of circadian rhythm dysfunctions in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases has been highlighted recently. Chronopharmacology principles imply that tailoring the timing of treatments to the circadian rhythm of individual patients could optimize therapeutic management. According to these principles, chronopharmacology takes into account the individual differences in patients' clocks, the rhythmic changes in the organism sensitivity to therapeutic and side effects of drugs, and the predictable time variations of disease. This review examines the current literature on chronopharmacology of neurological diseases focusing its scope on epilepsy, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, and neuropathic pain, even if other neurological diseases could have been analyzed. While the results of the studies discussed in this review point to a potential therapeutic benefit of chronopharmacology in neurological diseases, the field is still in its infancy. Studies including a sufficiently large number of patients and measuring gold standard markers of the circadian rhythmicity are still needed to evaluate the beneficial effect of administration times over the 24-hour day but also of clock modulating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Sion
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélina Bégou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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15
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Stabilization of heterochromatin by CLOCK promotes stem cell rejuvenation and cartilage regeneration. Cell Res 2021; 31:187-205. [PMID: 32737416 PMCID: PMC8027439 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates an association between the circadian clock and the aging process. However, it remains elusive whether the deregulation of circadian clock proteins underlies stem cell aging and whether they are targetable for the alleviation of aging-associated syndromes. Here, we identified a transcription factor-independent role of CLOCK, a core component of the molecular circadian clock machinery, in counteracting human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) decay. CLOCK expression was decreased during hMSC aging. In addition, CLOCK deficiency accelerated hMSC senescence, whereas the overexpression of CLOCK, even as a transcriptionally inactive form, rejuvenated physiologically and pathologically aged hMSCs. Mechanistic studies revealed that CLOCK formed complexes with nuclear lamina proteins and KAP1, thus maintaining heterochromatin architecture and stabilizing repetitive genomic sequences. Finally, gene therapy with lentiviral vectors encoding CLOCK promoted cartilage regeneration and attenuated age-related articular degeneration in mice. These findings demonstrate a noncanonical role of CLOCK in stabilizing heterochromatin, promoting tissue regeneration, and mitigating aging-associated chronic diseases.
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16
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Sharma A, Sethi G, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AAA, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Goyal R. Circadian Rhythm Disruption and Alzheimer's Disease: The Dynamics of a Vicious Cycle. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 19:248-264. [PMID: 32348224 PMCID: PMC8033974 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200429013041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All mammalian cells exhibit circadian rhythm in cellular metabolism and energetics. Autonomous cellular clocks are modulated by various pathways that are essential for robust time keeping. In addition to the canonical transcriptional translational feedback loop, several new pathways of circadian timekeeping - non-transcriptional oscillations, post-translational modifications, epigenetics and cellular signaling in the circadian clock - have been identified. The physiology of circadian rhythm is expansive, and its link to the neurodegeneration is multifactorial. Circadian rhythm disruption is prevelant in contamporary society where light-noise, shift-work, and transmeridian travel are commonplace, and is also reported from the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Circadian alignment by bright light therapy in conjunction with chronobiotics is beneficial for treating sundowning syndrome and other cognitive symptoms in advanced AD patients. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the clinical and translational reports to review the physiology of the circadian clock, delineate its dysfunction in AD, and unravel the dynamics of the vicious cycle between two pathologies. The review delineates the role of putative targets like clock proteins PER, CLOCK, BMAL1, ROR, and clock-controlled proteins like AVP, SIRT1, FOXO, and PK2 towards future approaches for management of AD. Furthermore, the role of circadian rhythm disruption in aging is delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173 212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive, 117 600, Singapore
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County, Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Rohit Goyal
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173 212, Himachal Pradesh, India
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17
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Impact of circadian and diurnal rhythms on cellular metabolic function and neurodegenerative diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 154:393-412. [PMID: 32739012 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The 24-h rotational period of the earth has driven evolution of biological systems that serve to synchronize organismal physiology and behavior to this predictable environmental event. In mammals, the circadian (circa, "about" and dia, "a day") clock keeps 24-h time at the organismal and cellular level, optimizing biological function for a given time of day. The most obvious circadian output is the sleep-wake cycle, though countless bodily functions, ranging from hormone levels to cognitive function, are influenced by the circadian clock. Here we discuss the regulation of metabolic pathways by the circadian clock, discuss the evidence implicating circadian and sleep disruption in neurodegenerative diseases, and suggest some possible connections between the clock, metabolism, and neurodegenerative disease.
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18
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Abstract
Fundamental aspects of neurobiology are time-of-day regulated. Therefore, it is not surprising that neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases are accompanied by sleep and circadian rhythm disruption. Although the direction of causation remains unclear, abnormal sleep-wake patterns often occur early in disease, exacerbate progression, and are a common primary complaint from patients. Circadian medicine incorporates knowledge of 24-hour biological rhythms to improve treatment. This article highlights how research and technologic advances in circadian biology might translate to improved patient care.
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19
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Deibel SH, Young B, Mohajerani MH, McDonald RJ. Activity Rhythms Are Largely Intact in APPNL-G-F Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:213-225. [PMID: 31356203 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm dysfunction is present in Alzheimer's disease. Animal models of Alzheimer's disease have been employed to investigate whether this dysfunction is a risk factor or symptom of the disease. The circadian phenotype in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease is very disparate in terms of the degree and timing of the dysfunction. This is likely a result of some models elevating amyloid-β protein precursor instead of just the amyloid-β fragment present in human Alzheimer's disease. We characterized activity rhythms in a novel knock-in mouse model (APPNL-G-F) of Alzheimer's disease that elevates amyloid-β without overexpressing amyloid-β protein precursor. Despite increased rhythm amplitude, total activity, and a shortening of free-running period at 15 months of age, all other aspects of the activity rhythm were similar to controls from three to fifteen months of age. At two months of age, these mice were also able to entrain to a light-dark cycle with a period right on the edge of entrainment, which further suggests a healthy functioning circadian system. These data open the possibility that circadian rhythm disruptions in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease could be a result of these models having an artificial phenotype caused by overexpression of amyloid-β protein precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Deibel
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.,Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Bryant Young
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Xiang H, Huang C, Guo Q, Liu Q, Xiong G. Association of Per3 length polymorphism with susceptibility of Alzheimer disease (AD) in Chinese population. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1464627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Changquan Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Qiong Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - QingXiu Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Gang Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Dufort-Gervais J, Mongrain V, Brouillette J. Bidirectional relationships between sleep and amyloid-beta in the hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 160:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Phan TX, Malkani RG. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption and stress intersect in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100133. [PMID: 30937343 PMCID: PMC6279965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was discovered and the pathological hallmarks were revealed more than a century ago. Subsequently, many remarkable discoveries and breakthroughs provided us with mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of AD. The identification of the molecular underpinning of the disease not only provided the framework of AD pathogenesis but also targets for therapeutic inventions. Despite all the initial successes, no effective treatment for AD has emerged yet as all the late stages of clinical trials have failed. Many factors ranging from genetic to environmental factors have been critically appraised as the potential causes of AD. In particular, the role of stress on AD has been intensively studied while the relationship between sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD) and AD have recently emerged. SCRD has always been thought to be a corollary of AD pathologies until recently, multiple lines of evidence converge on the notion that SCRD might be a contributing factor in AD pathogenesis. More importantly, how stress and SCRD intersect and make their concerted contributions to AD phenotypes has not been reviewed. The goal of this literature review is to examine at multiple levels - molecular, cellular (e.g. microglia, gut microbiota) and holistic - how the interaction between stress and SCRD bi-directionally and synergistically exacerbate AD pathologies and cognitive impairment. AD, in turn, worsens stress and SCRD and forms the vicious cycle that perpetuates and amplifies AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trongha X. Phan
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roneil G. Malkani
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Abstract
Many processes in the human body - including brain function - are regulated over the 24-hour cycle, and there are strong associations between disrupted circadian rhythms (for example, sleep-wake cycles) and disorders of the CNS. Brain disorders such as autism, depression and Parkinson disease typically develop at certain stages of life, and circadian rhythms are important during each stage of life for the regulation of processes that may influence the development of these disorders. Here, we describe circadian disruptions observed in various brain disorders throughout the human lifespan and highlight emerging evidence suggesting these disruptions affect the brain. Currently, much of the evidence linking brain disorders and circadian dysfunction is correlational, and so whether and what kind of causal relationships might exist are unclear. We therefore identify remaining questions that may direct future research towards a better understanding of the links between circadian disruption and CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Logan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Colleen A McClung
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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24
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25
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Effects of circadian clock genes and environmental factors on cognitive aging in old adults in a Taiwanese population. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24088-24098. [PMID: 28412756 PMCID: PMC5421829 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous animal studies have indicated associations between circadian clock genes and cognitive impairment . In this study, we assessed whether 11 circadian clockgenes are associated with cognitive aging independently and/or through complex interactions in an old Taiwanese population. We also analyzed the interactions between environmental factors and these genes in influencing cognitive aging. A total of 634 Taiwanese subjects aged over 60 years from the Taiwan Biobank were analyzed. Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE) were administered to all subjects, and MMSE scores were used to evaluate cognitive function. Our data showed associations between cognitive aging and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 4 key circadian clock genes, CLOCK rs3749473 (p = 0.0017), NPAS2 rs17655330 (p = 0.0013), RORA rs13329238 (p = 0.0009), and RORB rs10781247 (p = 7.9 × 10−5). We also found that interactions between CLOCK rs3749473, NPAS2 rs17655330, RORA rs13329238, and RORB rs10781247 affected cognitive aging (p = 0.007). Finally, we investigated the influence of interactions between CLOCK rs3749473, RORA rs13329238, and RORB rs10781247 with environmental factors such as alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, and social support on cognitive aging (p = 0.002 ∼ 0.01). Our study indicates that circadian clock genes such as the CLOCK, NPAS2, RORA, and RORB genes may contribute to the risk of cognitive aging independently as well as through gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.
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Jagannath A, Taylor L, Wakaf Z, Vasudevan SR, Foster RG. The genetics of circadian rhythms, sleep and health. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:R128-R138. [PMID: 28977444 PMCID: PMC5886477 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-h rhythms in physiology and behaviour generated by molecular clocks, which serve to coordinate internal time with the external world. The circadian system is a master regulator of nearly all physiology and its disruption has major consequences on health. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD) is a ubiquitous feature in today's 24/7 society, and studies on shift-workers have shown that SCRD can lead not only to cognitive impairment, but also metabolic syndrome and psychiatric illness including depression (1,2). Mouse models of clock mutants recapitulate these deficits, implicating mechanistic and causal links between SCRD and disease pathophysiology (3-5). Importantly, treating clock disruption reverses and attenuates these adverse health states in animal models (6,7), thus establishing the circadian system as a novel therapeutic target. Significantly, circadian and clock-controlled gene mutations have recently been identified by Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in the aetiology of sleep, mental health and metabolic disorders. This review will focus upon the genetics of circadian rhythms in sleep and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Jagannath
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, OMPI-G, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Lewis Taylor
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, OMPI-G, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Zeinab Wakaf
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Sridhar R Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, OMPI-G, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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27
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CLOCK rs1801260 Polymorphism is Associated with Susceptibility to Parkinson's Disease in a Chinese Population. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:734-736. [PMID: 28780642 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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28
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Pillai JA, Leverenz JB. Sleep and Neurodegeneration: A Critical Appraisal. Chest 2017; 151:1375-1386. [PMID: 28087304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep abnormalities are clearly recognized as a distinct clinical symptom of concern in neurodegenerative disorders. Appropriate management of sleep-related symptoms has a positive impact on quality of life in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. This review provides an overview of mechanisms that are currently being considered that tie sleep with neurodegeneration. It appraises the literature regarding specific sleep changes seen in common neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on Alzheimer disease and synucleinopathies (ie, Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy), that have been better studied. Sleep changes may also serve as markers to identify patients in the preclinical stage of some neurodegenerative disorders. A hypothetical model is postulated founded on the conjecture that specific sleep abnormalities, when noted to increase in severity beyond that expected for age, could be a surrogate marker reflecting pathophysiological processes related to neurodegenerative disorders. This provides a clinical strategy for screening patients in the preclinical stages of neurodegenerative disorders to enable therapeutic trials to establish the efficacy of neuroprotective agents to prevent or delay the development of symptoms and functional decline. It is unclear if sleep disturbance directly impacts neurodegenerative processes or is a secondary outcome of neurodegeneration; this is an active area of research. The clinical importance of recognizing and managing sleep changes in neurodegenerative disorders is beyond doubt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan A Pillai
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, and Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, and Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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29
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Panchenko AV, Gubareva EA, Anisimov VN. The role of circadian rhythms and the “cellular clock” in age-associated diseases. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057017010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Lin CH, Lin E, Lane HY. Genetic Biomarkers on Age-Related Cognitive Decline. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:247. [PMID: 29209239 PMCID: PMC5702307 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With ever-increasing elder populations, age-related cognitive decline, which is characterized as a gradual decline in cognitive capacity in the aging process, has turned out to be a mammoth public health concern. Since genetic information has become increasingly important to explore the biological mechanisms of cognitive decline, the search for genetic biomarkers of cognitive aging has received much attention. There is growing evidence that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the ADAMTS9, BDNF, CASS4, COMT, CR1, DNMT3A, DTNBP1, REST, SRR, TOMM40, circadian clock, and Alzheimer's diseases-associated genes may contribute to susceptibility to cognitive aging. In this review, we first illustrated evidence of the genetic contribution to disease susceptibility to age-related cognitive decline in recent studies ranging from approaches of candidate genes to genome-wide association studies. We then surveyed a variety of association studies regarding age-related cognitive decline with consideration of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Finally, we highlighted their limitations and future directions. In light of advances in precision medicine and multi-omics technologies, future research in genomic medicine promises to lead to innovative ideas that are relevant to disease prevention and novel drugs for cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for General Education, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,TickleFish Systems Corporation, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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31
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Abstract
Disruptions of normal circadian rhythms and sleep cycles are consequences of aging and can profoundly affect health. Accumulating evidence indicates that circadian and sleep disturbances, which have long been considered symptoms of many neurodegenerative conditions, may actually drive pathogenesis early in the course of these diseases. In this Review, we explore potential cellular and molecular mechanisms linking circadian dysfunction and sleep loss to neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease. We examine the interplay between central and peripheral circadian rhythms, circadian clock gene function, and sleep in maintaining brain homeostasis, and discuss therapeutic implications. The circadian clock and sleep can influence a number of key processes involved in neurodegeneration, suggesting that these systems might be manipulated to promote healthy brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Musiek
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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32
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Orexin signaling regulates both the hippocampal clock and the circadian oscillation of Alzheimer's disease-risk genes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36035. [PMID: 27796320 PMCID: PMC5086843 DOI: 10.1038/srep36035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a circadian clock-related disease. However, it is not very clear whether pre-symptomatic AD leads to circadian disruption or whether malfunction of circadian rhythms exerts influence on development of AD. Here, we report a functional clock that exists in the hippocampus. This oscillator both receives input signals and maintains the cycling of the hippocampal Per2 gene. One of the potential inputs to the oscillator is orexin signaling, which can shorten the hippocampal clock period and thereby regulate the expression of clock-controlled-genes (CCGs). A 24-h time course qPCR analysis followed by a JTK_CYCLE algorithm analysis indicated that a number of AD-risk genes are potential CCGs in the hippocampus. Specifically, we found that Bace1 and Bace2, which are related to the production of the amyloid-beta peptide, are CCGs. BACE1 is inhibited by E4BP4, a repressor of D-box genes, while BACE2 is activated by CLOCK:BMAL1. Finally, we observed alterations in the rhythmic expression patterns of Bace2 and ApoE in the hippocampus of aged APP/PS1dE9 mice. Our results therefore indicate that there is a circadian oscillator in the hippocampus whose oscillation could be regulated by orexins. Hence, orexin signaling regulates both the hippocampal clock and the circadian oscillation of AD-risk genes.
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Villa C, Ferini-Strambi L, Combi R. The Synergistic Relationship between Alzheimer's Disease and Sleep Disorders: An Update. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:571-80. [PMID: 25835421 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are frequently reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a significant impact on patients and caregivers and a major risk factor for early institutionalization. Although changes in sleep organization are a hallmark of the normal aging processes, sleep macro- and micro-architectural alterations are more evident in patients affected by AD. Degeneration of neural pathways regulating sleep-wake patterns and sleep architecture may contribute to sleep alterations. In return, several recent studies suggested that common sleep disorders may precede clinical symptoms of dementia and represent risk factors for cognitive decline, through impairment of sleep-dependent memory consolidation processes. Thus, a close relationship between sleep disorders and AD has been largely hypothesized. Here, sleep alterations in AD and its pre-dementia stage, mild cognitive impairment, and their complex interactions are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Villa
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sleep Disorders Center, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Romina Combi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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34
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Miller MA. The Role of Sleep and Sleep Disorders in the Development, Diagnosis, and Management of Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Neurol 2015; 6:224. [PMID: 26557104 PMCID: PMC4615953 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that sleep plays an important role in the maintenance, disease prevention, repair, and restoration of both mind and body. The sleep and wake cycles are controlled by the pacemaker activity of the superchiasmic nucleus in the hypothalamus but can be disrupted by diseases of the nervous system causing disordered sleep. A lack of sleep has been associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. Likewise, sleep disturbances and sleep disorders may disrupt neuronal pathways and have an impact on neurological diseases. Sleep deprivation studies in normal subjects demonstrate that a lack of sleep can cause attention and working memory impairment. Moreover, untreated sleep disturbances and sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoe (OSA) can also lead to cognitive impairment. Poor sleep and sleep disorders may present a significant risk factor for the development of dementia. In this review, the underlying mechanisms and the role of sleep and sleep disorders in the development of neurocognitive disorders [dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)] and how the presence of sleep disorders could direct the process of diagnosis and management of neurocognitive disorders will be discussed.
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Sleep, circadian rhythms, and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e148. [PMID: 25766617 PMCID: PMC4351409 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the sleep–wake cycle and circadian rhythms are common symptoms of Alzheimer Disease (AD), and they have generally been considered as late consequences of the neurodegenerative processes. Recent evidence demonstrates that sleep–wake and circadian disruption often occur early in the course of the disease and may even precede the development of cognitive symptoms. Furthermore, the sleep–wake cycle appears to regulate levels of the pathogenic amyloid-beta peptide in the brain, and manipulating sleep can influence AD-related pathology in mouse models via multiple mechanisms. Finally, the circadian clock system, which controls the sleep–wake cycle and other diurnal oscillations in mice and humans, may also have a role in the neurodegenerative process. In this review, we examine the current literature related to the mechanisms by which sleep and circadian rhythms might impact AD pathogenesis, and we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting these systems for the prevention of AD.
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36
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Musiek ES. Circadian clock disruption in neurodegenerative diseases: cause and effect? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:29. [PMID: 25774133 PMCID: PMC4343016 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of the circadian system, manifested as disrupted daily rhythms of physiologic parameters such as sleep, activity, and hormone secretion, has long been observed as a symptom of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease. Circadian abnormalities have generally been considered consequences of the neurodegeneration. Recent evidence suggests, however, that circadian disruption might actually contribute to the neurodegenerative process, and thus might be a modifiable cause of neural injury. Herein we will review the evidence implicating circadian rhythms disturbances and clock gene dysfunction in neurodegeneration, with an emphasis on future research directions and potential therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Musiek
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , Saint Louis, MO, USA
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37
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Qing-Xiu L, Chang-Quan H, Qian C, Xue-Mei Z, Xiu-Ying H, Song-Bing L. The polymorphism of ARNTL2 (BMAL2) gene rs2306074 C>T is associated with susceptibility of Alzheimer disease in Chinese population. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:1743-7. [PMID: 24847962 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether polymorphism of ARNTL2 (BMAL2) gene rs2306074 T/C was associated with susceptibility of Alzheimer disease (AD) in Chinese population. A case-control method was employed in this study. 296 unrelated AD patients and 423 control subjects were recruited in current study. The prevalence of C carriers in BMAL2 gene rs2306074 T/C in AD patients was significantly higher than that of control subjects in both the whole sample and APOE ε 4 non-carriers (in the whole sample: χ (2) = 5.938, P = 0.012; in APOE ε 4 non-carriers: χ (2) = 9.048, P < 0.0001). In addition, both in the whole sample and APOE ε 4 non-carriers, prevalence of CC genotypes in BMAL2 gene rs2306074 of AD patients was also significantly higher than that in controls (in the whole sample: χ (2) = 5.126, P = 0.018; in APOE ε 4 non-carriers: χ (2) = 7.389, P = 0.023). However, there was no significant difference of prevalence of C carriers and CC genotypes in BMAL2 gene rs2306074 T/C between AD patients and control subjects among APOE ε 4 carriers (C carriers: χ (2) = 0.020, P = 0.900; CC genotypes: χ (2) = 0.017, P = 0.946). C carriers in BMAL2 gene rs2306074 T/C are associated with a high susceptibility of AD among APOE ε 4 non-carriers but not among APOE ε 4 carriers in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Qing-Xiu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Jiannanlu 190, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuang Province, China
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