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Padinharayil H, George A. Small extracellular vesicles: Multi-functional aspects in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 198:104341. [PMID: 38575042 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) impact normal and pathological cellular signaling through bidirectional trafficking. Exosomes, a subset of EVs possess biomolecules including proteins, lipids, DNA fragments and various RNA species reflecting a speculum of their parent cells. The involvement of exosomes in bidirectional communication and their biological constituents substantiate its role in regulating both physiology and pathology, including multiple cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancers (85%) with high incidence, mortality and reduced overall survival. Lack of efficient early diagnostic and therapeutic tools hurdles the management of NSCLC. Interestingly, the exosomes from body fluids similarity with parent cells or tissue offers a potential future multicomponent tool for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. The structural twinning of exosomes with a cell/tissue and the competitive tumor derived exosomes in tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes the unpinning horizons of exosomes as a drug delivery, vaccine, and therapeutic agent. Exosomes in clinical point of view assist to trace: acquired resistance caused by various therapeutic agents, early diagnosis, progression, and surveillance. In an integrated approach, EV biomarkers offer potential cutting-edge techniques for the detection and diagnosis of cancer, though the purification, characterization, and biomarker identification processes for the translational research regarding EVs need further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Padinharayil
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur-05, Kerala, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur-05, Kerala, India.
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2
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Bandu R, Oh JW, Kim KP. Extracellular vesicle proteins as breast cancer biomarkers: Mass spectrometry-based analysis. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300062. [PMID: 38829178 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-surrounded vesicles released by various cell types into the extracellular microenvironment. Although EVs vary in size, biological function, and components, their importance in cancer progression and the potential use of EV molecular species to serve as novel cancer biomarkers have become increasingly evident. Cancer cells actively release EVs into surrounding tissues, which play vital roles in cancer progression and metastasis, including invasion and immune modulation. EVs released by cancer cells are usually chosen as a gateway in the search for biomarkers for cancer. In this review, we mainly focused on molecular profiling of EV protein constituents from breast cancer, emphasizing mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic approaches. To further investigate the potential use of EVs as a source of breast cancer biomarkers, we have discussed the use of these proteins as predictive marker candidates. Besides, we have also summarized the key characteristics of EVs as potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer and provided significant information on their implications in breast cancer development and progression. Information provided in this review may help understand the recent progress in understanding EV biology and their potential role as new noninvasive biomarkers as well as emerging therapeutic opportunities and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bandu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jae Won Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Barbosa MS, de Lima F, Peachazepi Moraes CR, Borba-Junior IT, Huber SC, Santos I, Bombassaro B, Dertkigil SSJ, Ilich A, Key NS, Annichino-Bizzacchi JM, Orsi FA, Mansour E, Velloso LA, De Paula EV. Angiopoietin2 is associated with coagulation activation and tissue factor expression in extracellular vesicles in COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1367544. [PMID: 38803346 PMCID: PMC11128612 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1367544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Coagulation activation in immunothrombosis involves various pathways distinct from classical hemostasis, offering potential therapeutic targets to control inflammation-induced hypercoagulability while potentially sparing hemostasis. The Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway, previously linked to embryonic angiogenesis and sepsis-related endothelial barrier regulation, was recently associated with coagulation activation in sepsis and COVID-19. This study explores the connection between key mediators of the Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway and coagulation activation. The study included COVID-19 patients with hypoxia and healthy controls. Blood samples were processed to obtain platelet-free plasma, and frozen until analysis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in plasma were characterized and quantified using flow cytometry, and their tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity was measured using a kinetic chromogenic method. Several markers of hemostasis were assessed. Levels of ANGPT1, ANGPT2, and soluble Tie2 correlated with markers of coagulation and platelet activation. EVs from platelets and endothelial cells were increased in COVID-19 patients, and a significant increase in TF+ EVs derived from endothelial cells was observed. In addition, ANGPT2 levels were associated with TF expression and activity in EVs. In conclusion, we provide further evidence for the involvement of the Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway in the coagulopathy of COVID-19 mediated in part by release of EVs as a potential source of TF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayck Silva Barbosa
- School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Franciele de Lima
- School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Stephany Cares Huber
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Irene Santos
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bombassaro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Anton Ilich
- Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nigel S. Key
- Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Joyce M. Annichino-Bizzacchi
- School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Andrade Orsi
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eli Mansour
- School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licio A. Velloso
- School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Erich Vinicius De Paula
- School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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4
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Pagani A, Duscher D, Geis S, Klein S, Knoedler L, Panayi AC, Oliinyk D, Felthaus O, Prantl L. The Triple Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosome Technology as a Potential Tool for Treating Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:614. [PMID: 38607053 PMCID: PMC11011929 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles are pivotal mediators in intercellular communication, facilitating the exchange of biological information among healthy, pathological and tumor cells. Between the diverse subtypes of extracellular vesicles, exosomes have unique properties and clinical and therapeutical applications. Breast cancer ranks as one of the most prevalent malignancies across the globe. Both the tumor core and its surrounding microenvironment engage in a complex, orchestrated interaction that facilitates cancer's growth and spread. METHODS The most significant PubMed literature about extracellular vesicles and Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosomes and breast cancer was selected in order to report their biological properties and potential applications, in particular in treating triple-negative breast cancer. RESULTS Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosomes represent a potential tool in targeting triple-negative breast cancer cells at three main levels: the tumor core, the tumor microenvironment and surrounding tissues, including metastases. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of impacting triple-negative breast cancer cells with engineered Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosomes is real. The opportunity to translate our current in vitro analyses into a future in vivo scenario is even more challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pagani
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Dominik Duscher
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Sebastian Geis
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Silvan Klein
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinik Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Dmytro Oliinyk
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Oliver Felthaus
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
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Ochiya T, Hashimoto K, Shimomura A. Prospects for liquid biopsy using microRNA and extracellular vesicles in breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2024:10.1007/s12282-024-01563-9. [PMID: 38554234 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-024-01563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Among the analytes circulating in body fluids, microRNAs, a type of non-coding RNA and known to exist 2655 in primates, have attracted attention as a novel biomarker for cancer screening. MicroRNAs are signaling molecules with important gene expression regulatory functions that can simultaneously control many gene functions and multiple different pathways in living organisms. These microRNAs are transported in extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are lipid bilayers with 50-150 nm in diameter, and are used as communication tools between cells. Furthermore, the EVs that carry these microRNAs circulate in the bloodstream and have other important implications for understanding the pathogenesis and diagnosis of breast cancer. The greatest benefit from cancer screening is the reduction in breast cancer mortality rate through early detection. Other benefits include reduced incidence of breast cancer, improved quality of life, prognosis prediction, contribution to personalized medicine, and relative healthcare cost containment. This paper outlines the latest developments in liquid biopsy for breast cancer, especially focusing on microRNA and EV diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Center for Future Medical Research, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shimomura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, Genetic Medicine, General Medical Oncology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
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6
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Castañeda-Sánchez CY, Chimal-Vega B, León-Gutiérrez R, Araiza-Robles AE, Serafín-Higuera N, Pulido-Capiz A, Rivero IA, Díaz-Molina R, Alatorre-Meda M, Rodríguez-Velázquez E, García-González V. Low-Density Lipoproteins Increase Proliferation, Invasion, and Chemoresistance via an Exosome Autocrine Mechanism in MDA-MB-231 Chemoresistant Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:742. [PMID: 38672098 PMCID: PMC11048396 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemias involving high concentrations of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) increase the risk of developing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), wherein cholesterol metabolism and protein translation initiation mechanisms have been linked with chemoresistance. Doxorubicin (Dox) treatment, a member of the anthracycline family, represents a typical therapeutic strategy; however, chemoresistance remains a significant challenge. Exosomes (Exs) secreted by tumoral cells have been implicated in cell communication pathways and chemoresistance mechanisms; the content of exosomes is an outcome of cellular cholesterol metabolism. We previously induced Dox resistance in TNBC cell models, characterizing a variant denominated as variant B cells. Our results suggest that LDL internalization in parental and chemoresistant variant B cells is associated with increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and spheroid growth. We identified the role of eIF4F translation initiation factor and the down-regulation of tumor suppressor gene PDCD4, an inhibitor of eIF4A, in chemoresistant variant B cells. In addition, the exomes secreted by variant B cells were characterized by the protein content, electronic microscopy, and cell internalization assays. Critically, exosomes purified from LDL-treated variant B cell promoted cell proliferation, migration, and an increment in lactate concentration. Our results suggest that an autocrine phenomenon induced by exosomes in chemoresistant cells may induce modifications on signaling mechanisms of the p53/Mdm2 axis and activation of p70 ribosomal protein kinase S6. Moreover, the specific down-regulated profile of chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70 secretion inside the exosomes of the chemoresistant variant could be associated with this phenomenon. Therefore, autocrine activation mediated by exosomes and the effect of LDL internalization may influence changes in exosome chaperone content and modulate proliferative signaling pathways, increasing the aggressiveness of MDA-MB-231 chemoresistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Y. Castañeda-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico; (C.Y.C.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (R.L.-G.); (A.E.A.-R.); (A.P.-C.); (R.D.-M.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico
| | - Brenda Chimal-Vega
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico; (C.Y.C.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (R.L.-G.); (A.E.A.-R.); (A.P.-C.); (R.D.-M.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico
| | - Roberto León-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico; (C.Y.C.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (R.L.-G.); (A.E.A.-R.); (A.P.-C.); (R.D.-M.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico
| | - Adrián Ernesto Araiza-Robles
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico; (C.Y.C.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (R.L.-G.); (A.E.A.-R.); (A.P.-C.); (R.D.-M.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico
| | - Nicolás Serafín-Higuera
- Facultad de Odontología Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico;
| | - Angel Pulido-Capiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico; (C.Y.C.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (R.L.-G.); (A.E.A.-R.); (A.P.-C.); (R.D.-M.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico
| | - Ignacio A. Rivero
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana 22510, Mexico;
| | - Raúl Díaz-Molina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico; (C.Y.C.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (R.L.-G.); (A.E.A.-R.); (A.P.-C.); (R.D.-M.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico
| | - Manuel Alatorre-Meda
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química-Grupo de Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CONAHCYT-Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana 22510, Mexico;
| | - Eustolia Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico;
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química-Grupo de Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana 22510, Mexico
| | - Victor García-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico; (C.Y.C.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (R.L.-G.); (A.E.A.-R.); (A.P.-C.); (R.D.-M.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico
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Dhar A, Gupta SL, Saini P, Sinha K, Khandelwal A, Tyagi R, Singh A, Sharma P, Jaiswal RK. Nanotechnology-based theranostic and prophylactic approaches against SARS-CoV-2. Immunol Res 2024; 72:14-33. [PMID: 37682455 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has been an unpredicted burden on global healthcare system by infecting over 700 million individuals, with approximately 6 million deaths worldwide. COVID-19 significantly impacted all sectors, but it very adversely affected the healthcare system. These effects were much more evident in the resource limited part of the world. Individuals with acute conditions were also severely impacted. Although classical COVID-19 diagnostics such as RT-PCR and rapid antibody testing have played a crucial role in reducing the spread of infection, these diagnostic techniques are associated with certain limitations. For instance, drawback of RT-PCR diagnostics is that due to degradation of viral RNA during shipping, it can give false negative results. Also, rapid antibody testing majorly depends on the phase of infection and cannot be performed on immune compromised individuals. These limitations in current diagnostic tools require the development of nanodiagnostic tools for early detection of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has necessitated the development of specific, responsive, accurate, rapid, low-cost, and simple-to-use diagnostic tools at point of care. In recent years, early detection has been a challenge for several health diseases that require prompt attention and treatment. Disease identification at an early stage, increased imaging of inner health issues, and ease of diagnostic processes have all been established using a new discipline of laboratory medicine called nanodiagnostics, even before symptoms have appeared. Nanodiagnostics refers to the application of nanoparticles (material with size equal to or less than 100 nm) for medical diagnostic purposes. The special property of nanomaterials compared to their macroscopic counterparts is a lesser signal loss and an enhanced electromagnetic field. Nanosize of the detection material also enhances its sensitivity and increases the signal to noise ratio. Microchips, nanorobots, biosensors, nanoidentification of single-celled structures, and microelectromechanical systems are some of the most modern nanodiagnostics technologies now in development. Here, we have highlighted the important roles of nanotechnology in healthcare sector, with a detailed focus on the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. We outline the different types of nanotechnology-based diagnostic devices for SARS-CoV-2 and the possible applications of nanomaterials in COVID-19 treatment. We also discuss the utility of nanomaterials in formulating preventive strategies against SARS-CoV-2 including their use in manufacture of protective equipment, formulation of vaccines, and strategies for directly hindering viral infection. We further discuss the factors hindering the large-scale accessibility of nanotechnology-based healthcare applications and suggestions for overcoming them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atika Dhar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India, 110067
| | | | - Pratima Saini
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India, 110067
| | - Kirti Sinha
- Department of Zoology, Patna Science College, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - Rohit Tyagi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Alka Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli, U.P, India, 229001
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Patna Science College, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India.
| | - Rishi Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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8
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Ihlamur M, Kelleci K, Zengin Y, Allahverdiyev MA, Abamor EŞ. Applications of Exosome Vesicles in Different Cancer Types as Biomarkers. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:281-297. [PMID: 36941811 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230320120419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in the fight against cancer is early detection. Early diagnosis is vital, but there are some barriers such as economic, cultural, and personal factors. Considering the disadvantages of radiological imaging techniques or serological analysis methods used in cancer diagnosis, such as being expensive, requiring expertise, and being time-consuming, there is a need to develop faster, more reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic methods for use in cancer diagnosis. Exosomes, which are responsible for intercellular communication with sizes ranging from 30-120 nm, are naturally produced biological nanoparticles. Thanks to the cargo contents they carry, they are a potential biomarker to be used in the diagnosis of cancer. Exosomes, defined as extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, are effective in cancer growth, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, and changes in microenvironmental conditions during tumor development change exosome secretion. Due to their high cellular activity, tumor cells produce much higher exosomes than healthy cells. Therefore, it is known that the number of exosomes in body fluids is significantly rich compared to other cells and can act as a stand-alone diagnostic biomarker. Cancer- derived exosomes have received great attention in recent years for the early detection of cancer and the evaluation of therapeutic response. In this article, the content, properties, and differences of exosomes detected in common types of cancer (lung, liver, pancreas, ovaries, breast, colorectal), which are the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, are reviewed. We also discuss the potential utility of exosome contents as a biomarker for early detection, which is known to be important in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ihlamur
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
- Biruni University, Vocational School, Department of Electronics and Automation, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kübra Kelleci
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
- Beykoz University, Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Zengin
- Bogazici University, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Adil Allahverdiyev
- Institute of the V. Akhundov National Scientific Research Medical Prophylactic, Baku, Azerbaijan Republic
| | - Emrah Şefik Abamor
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Wang J, Cong L, Shi W, Xu W, Xu S. Single-Cell Analysis and Classification according to Multiplexed Proteins via Microdroplet-Based Self-Driven Magnetic Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Platforms Assisted with Machine Learning Algorithms. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37419505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
A microdroplet-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (microdroplet SERS) platform was constructed to envelop individual cells in microdroplets, followed by the SERS detection of their extracellular vesicle-proteins (EV-proteins) via the in-drop immunoassays by use of immunomagnetic beads (iMBs) and immuno-SERS tags (iSERS tags). A unique phenomenon is found that iMBs can start a spontaneous reorientation on the probed cell surface based on the electrostatic force-driven interfacial aggregation effect, which leads EV-proteins and iSERS tags to be gathered from a liquid phase to a cell membrane interface and significantly improves SERS sensitivity to the single-cell analysis level due to the formation of numbers of SERS hotspots. Three EV-proteins from two breast cancer cell lines were collected and further analyzed by machine learning algorithmic tools, which will be helpful for a deeper understanding of breast cancer subtypes from the view of EV-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lili Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Lab for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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10
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Mahmoodpour M, Kiasari BA, Karimi M, Abroshan A, Shamshirian D, Hosseinalizadeh H, Delavari A, Mirzei H. Paper-based biosensors as point-of-care diagnostic devices for the detection of cancers: a review of innovative techniques and clinical applications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1131435. [PMID: 37456253 PMCID: PMC10348714 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1131435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and rapid progression of cancer are major social problems. Medical diagnostic techniques and smooth clinical care of cancer are new necessities that must be supported by innovative diagnostic methods and technologies. Current molecular diagnostic tools based on the detection of blood protein markers are the most common tools for cancer diagnosis. Biosensors have already proven to be a cost-effective and accessible diagnostic tool that can be used where conventional laboratory methods are not readily available. Paper-based biosensors offer a new look at the world of analytical techniques by overcoming limitations through the creation of a simple device with significant advantages such as adaptability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of use, large surface-to-volume ratio, and cost-effectiveness. In this review, we covered the characteristics of exosomes and their role in tumor growth and clinical diagnosis, followed by a discussion of various paper-based biosensors for exosome detection, such as dipsticks, lateral flow assays (LFA), and microfluidic paper-based devices (µPADs). We also discussed the various clinical studies on paper-based biosensors for exosome detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mahmoodpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Merat Karimi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arezou Abroshan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Danial Shamshirian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Delavari
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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11
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Ferlizza E, Romaniello D, Borrelli F, Pagano F, Girone C, Gelfo V, Kuhre RS, Morselli A, Mazzeschi M, Sgarzi M, Filippini DM, D'Uva G, Lauriola M. Extracellular Vesicles and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activation: Interplay of Drivers in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112970. [PMID: 37296932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are of great interest to study the cellular mechanisms of cancer development and to diagnose and monitor cancer progression. EVs are a highly heterogeneous population of cell derived particles, which include microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXOs). EVs deliver intercellular messages transferring proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites with implications for tumour progression, invasiveness, and metastasis. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a major driver of cancer. Tumour cells with activated EGFR could produce EVs disseminating EGFR itself or its ligands. This review provides an overview of EVs (mainly EXOs and MVs) and their cargo, with a subsequent focus on their production and effects related to EGFR activation. In particular, in vitro studies performed in EGFR-dependent solid tumours and/or cell cultures will be explored, thus shedding light on the interplay between EGFR and EVs production in promoting cancer progression, metastases, and resistance to therapies. Finally, an overview of liquid biopsy approaches involving EGFR and EVs in the blood/plasma of EGFR-dependent tumour patients will also be discussed to evaluate their possible application as candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Ferlizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Borrelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Pagano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Girone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Gelfo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rikke Sofie Kuhre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Morselli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzeschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Sgarzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Maria Filippini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Long F, Ma H, Hao Y, Tian L, Li Y, Li B, Chen J, Tang Y, Li J, Deng L, Xie G, Liu M. A novel exosome-derived prognostic signature and risk stratification for breast cancer based on multi-omics and systematic biological heterogeneity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3010-3023. [PMID: 37273850 PMCID: PMC10232662 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity remains a major challenge for disease subtyping, risk stratification, and accurate clinical management. Exosome-based liquid biopsy can effectively overcome the limitations of tissue biopsy, achieving minimal invasion, multi-point dynamic monitoring, and good prognosis assessment, and has broad clinical prospects. However, there is still lacking comprehensive analysis of tumor-derived exosome (TDE)-based stratification of risk patients and prognostic assessment for breast cancer with systematic dissection of biological heterogeneity. In this study, the robust corroborative analysis for biomarker discovery (RCABD) strategy was used for the identification of exosome molecules, differential expression verification, risk prediction modeling, heterogenous dissection with multi-ome (6101 molecules), our ExoBCD database (306 molecules), and 53 independent studies (481 molecules). Our results showed that a 10-molecule exosome-derived signature (exoSIG) could successfully fulfill breast cancer risk stratification, making it a novel and accurate exosome prognostic indicator (Cox P = 9.9E-04, HR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.6-6.8). Interestingly, HLA-DQB2 and COL17A1, closely related to tumor metastasis, achieved high performance in prognosis prediction (86.35% contribution) and accuracy (Log-rank P = 0.028, AUC = 85.42%). With the combined information of patient age and tumor stage, they formed a bimolecular risk signature (Clinmin-exoSIG) and a convenient nomogram as operable tools for clinical applications. In conclusion, as an extension of ExoBCD, this study conducted systematic analyses to identify prognostic multi-molecular panel and risk signature, stratify patients and dissect biological heterogeneity based on breast cancer exosomes from a multi-omics perspective. Our results provide an important reference for in-depth exploration of the "biological heterogeneity - risk stratification - prognosis prediction".
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Long
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Haodong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Youjin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Luyao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Ying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lili Deng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Guoming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
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13
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Loric S, Denis JA, Desbene C, Sabbah M, Conti M. Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer: From Biology and Function to Clinical Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7208. [PMID: 37108371 PMCID: PMC10139222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the first worldwide most frequent cancer in both sexes and the most commonly diagnosed in females. Although BC mortality has been thoroughly declining over the past decades, there are still considerable differences between women diagnosed with early BC and when metastatic BC is diagnosed. BC treatment choice is widely dependent on precise histological and molecular characterization. However, recurrence or distant metastasis still occurs even with the most recent efficient therapies. Thus, a better understanding of the different factors underlying tumor escape is mainly mandatory. Among the leading candidates is the continuous interplay between tumor cells and their microenvironment, where extracellular vesicles play a significant role. Among extracellular vesicles, smaller ones, also called exosomes, can carry biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and generate signal transmission through an intercellular transfer of their content. This mechanism allows tumor cells to recruit and modify the adjacent and systemic microenvironment to support further invasion and dissemination. By reciprocity, stromal cells can also use exosomes to profoundly modify tumor cell behavior. This review intends to cover the most recent literature on the role of extracellular vesicle production in normal and cancerous breast tissues. Specific attention is paid to the use of extracellular vesicles for early BC diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis because exosomes are actually under the spotlight of researchers as a high-potential source of liquid biopsies. Extracellular vesicles in BC treatment as new targets for therapy or efficient nanovectors to drive drug delivery are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Loric
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | | | - Cédric Desbene
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Marc Conti
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
- INTEGRACELL SAS, 91160 Longjumeau, France
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14
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Hoffmann O, Wormland S, Bittner AK, Collenburg M, Horn PA, Kimmig R, Kasimir-Bauer S, Rebmann V. Programmed death receptor ligand-2 (PD-L2) bearing extracellular vesicles as a new biomarker to identify early triple-negative breast cancer patients at high risk for relapse. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1159-1174. [PMID: 35366112 PMCID: PMC9984327 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Based on the tumor-promoting features of extracellular vesicles (EV) and PD-L1/2-bearing EV subpopulations (PD-L1/2EV), we evaluated their potential as surrogate markers for disease progression or eligibility criteria for PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) approaches in early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS After enrichment of EV from plasma samples of 56 patients before and 50 after chemotherapy (CT), we determined levels of EV particle number and PD-L1/2EV by nanoparticle tracking analysis or ELISA and associated the results with clinical status/outcome and the presence of distinct circulating tumor cells (CTC) subpopulations. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, patients had a tenfold higher EV concentration and significantly elevated PD L2EV but not PD L1EV levels. The most important clinical implications were found for PD-L2EV. High PD-L2EV levels were associated with a significantly reduced 3-year progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS). A loss of PD-L2EV after CT was significantly more prominent in patients achieving pathological complete response (pCR). Increased pre-CT PD-L2EV levels were found in patients having NOTCH1-positive or ERBB3-positive CTC. The presence of ERBB3-positive CTC combined with high pre-CT PD-L2EV resulted in a shorter PFS. CONCLUSION This study highlights PD L2EV as a promising biomarker for risk assessment of TNBC patients and represents the basic for additional studies introducing PD-L2EV as an eligibility criterion for PD-1 ICI approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Wormland
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Bittner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Monika Collenburg
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Vera Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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15
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He S, Ding L, Yuan H, Zhao G, Yang X, Wu Y. A review of sensors for classification and subtype discrimination of cancer: Insights into circulating tumor cells and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1244:340703. [PMID: 36737145 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy can reflect the state of tumors in vivo non-invasively, thus providing a strong basis for the early diagnosis, individualized treatment monitoring and prognosis of tumors. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs) contain information-rich components, such as nucleic acids and proteins, and they are essential markers for liquid biopsies. Their capture and analysis are of great importance for the study of disease occurrence and development and, consequently, have been the subject of many reviews. However, both CTCs and tdEVs carry the biological characteristics of their original tissue, and few reviews have focused on their function in the staging and classification of cancer. In this review, we focus on state-of-the-art sensors based on the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers within CTCs and tdEVs, with clinical applications centered on cancer classification and subtyping. We also provide a thorough discussion of the current challenges and prospects for novel sensors with the ultimate goal of cancer classification and staging. It is hoped that these most advanced technologies will bring new insights into the clinical practice of cancer screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitian He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huijie Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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16
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Shen S, Tu C, Shen H, Li J, Frangou C, Zhang J, Qu J. Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Exosomes Identifies Key Pathways and Protein Markers Related to Breast Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4033. [PMID: 36835443 PMCID: PMC9967130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics analysis of circulating exosomes derived from cancer cells represents a promising approach to the elucidation of cell-cell communication and the discovery of putative biomarker candidates for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nonetheless, the proteome of exosomes derived from cell lines with different metastatic capabilities still warrants further investigation. Here, we present a comprehensive quantitative proteomics investigation of exosomes isolated from immortalized mammary epithelial cells and matched tumor lines with different metastatic potentials in an attempt to discover exosome markers specific to breast cancer (BC) metastasis. A total of 2135 unique proteins were quantified with a high confidence level from 20 isolated exosome samples, including 94 of the TOP 100 exosome markers archived by ExoCarta. Moreover, 348 altered proteins were observed, among which several metastasis-specific markers, including cathepsin W (CATW), magnesium transporter MRS2 (MRS2), syntenin-2 (SDCB2), reticulon-4 (RTN), and UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog (RAD23B), were also identified. Notably, the abundance of these metastasis-specific markers corresponds well with the overall survival of BC patients in clinical settings. Together, these data provide a valuable dataset for BC exosome proteomics investigation and prominently facilitate the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying primary tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Chengjian Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - He Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Costa Frangou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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17
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Sheng H, Wang X. Knockdown of circ-PIP5K1A overcomes resistance to cisplatin in ovarian cancer by miR-942-5p/NFIB axis. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:214-226. [PMID: 36730637 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP)-based chemotherapy is the main chemotherapeutic agent for ovarian cancer (OC) treatment. Circular RNA PIP5K1A (circ-PIP5K1A) was found to promote OC tumorigenesis. However, whether circ-PIP5K1A was involved in DDP resistance in OC remains unclear. Levels of circ-PIP5K1A, microRNA (miR)-942-5p, and nuclear factor I B (NFIB) were detected using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot assays. In-vitro experiments were conducted by using cell counting kit-8, cell colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. In-vivo assay was performed using murine xenograft model. The binding interaction between miR-942-5p and circ-PIP5K1A or NFIB was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Exosomes were obtained from culture media by the use of commercial kits and qualified by transmission electron microscopy and Western blot. Circ-PIP5K1A was highly expressed in DDP-resistant OC tissues and cells. Circ-PIP5K1A knockdown could constrain the proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as increase apoptosis and sensitivity to DDP in DDP-resistant OC cells. Mechanistically, circ-PIP5K1A acted as a sponge for miR-942-5p to positively regulate NFIB expression. Moreover, rescue experiments demonstrated that the anticancer and DDP sensitization effects caused by circ-PIP5K1A silencing in DDP-resistant OC cells were achieved through the miR-942-5p/NFIB axis. Importantly, circ-PIP5K1A silencing enhanced DDP efficacy and impeded tumor growth in OC in vivo . Additionally, we also found that circ-PIP5K1A was packaged into exosomes and could be internalized by surrounding cells. Circ-PIP5K1A knockdown reduced the resistance to DDP in OC via regulating miR-942-5p/NFIB axis. Besides that, circ-PIP5K1A was packaged into exosomes and exosomal circ-SKA3 could mediate intercellular communication between OC cells. These findings provided a promising therapeutic target for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sheng
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Shan Hospital, Yantai, China
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18
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Gangadaran P, Madhyastha H, Madhyastha R, Rajendran RL, Nakajima Y, Watanabe N, Velikkakath AKG, Hong CM, Gopi RV, Muthukalianan GK, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A, Jeyaraman M, Ahn BC. The emerging role of exosomes in innate immunity, diagnosis and therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1085057. [PMID: 36726968 PMCID: PMC9885214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, which are nano-sized transport bio-vehicles, play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis by exchanging genetic or metabolic information between different cells. Exosomes can also play a vital role in transferring virulent factors between the host and parasite, thereby regulating host gene expression and the immune interphase. The association of inflammation with disease development and the potential of exosomes to enhance or mitigate inflammatory pathways support the notion that exosomes have the potential to alter the course of a disease. Clinical trials exploring the role of exosomes in cancer, osteoporosis, and renal, neurological, and pulmonary disorders are currently underway. Notably, the information available on the signatory efficacy of exosomes in immune-related disorders remains elusive and sporadic. In this review, we discuss immune cell-derived exosomes and their application in immunotherapy, including those against autoimmune connective tissue diseases. Further, we have elucidated our views on the major issues in immune-related pathophysiological processes. Therefore, the information presented in this review highlights the role of exosomes as promising strategies and clinical tools for immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan,*Correspondence: Harishkumar Madhyastha, ; Byeong-Cheol Ahn,
| | - Radha Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuichi Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nozomi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Anoop Kumar G. Velikkakath
- Center for System Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul Velikkakath Gopi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | | | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Harishkumar Madhyastha, ; Byeong-Cheol Ahn,
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19
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Lopez K, Lai SWT, Lopez Gonzalez EDJ, Dávila RG, Shuck SC. Extracellular vesicles: A dive into their role in the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1154576. [PMID: 37025182 PMCID: PMC10071009 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1154576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a diverse set of membrane-derived particles released from cells and are found in numerous biological matrices and the extracellular space. Specific classes of EVs include apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and microvesicles, which vary in their size, origin, membrane protein expression, and interior cargo. EVs provide a mechanism for shuttling cargo between cells, which can influence cell physiology by transporting proteins, DNA, and RNA. EVs are an abundant component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are proposed to drive tumor growth and progression by communicating between fibroblasts, macrophages, and tumor cells in the TME. The cargo, source, and type of EV influences the pro- or anti-tumoral role of these molecules. Therefore, robust EV isolation and characterization techniques are required to ensure accurate elucidation of their association with disease. Here, we summarize different EV subclasses, methods for EV isolation and characterization, and a selection of current clinical trials studying EVs. We also review key studies exploring the role and impact of EVs in the TME, including how EVs mediate intercellular communication, drive cancer progression, and remodel the TME.
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20
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Feng L, Guo L, Tanaka Y, Su L. Tumor-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Involved in Breast Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315236. [PMID: 36499561 PMCID: PMC9736664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most serious and terrifying threats to the health of women. Recent studies have demonstrated that interaction among cancer cells themselves and those with other cells, including immune cells, in a tumor microenvironment potentially and intrinsically regulate and determine cancer progression and metastasis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a type of lipid-bilayer particles derived from cells, with a size of less than 200 nm, are recognized as one form of important mediators in cell-to-cell communication. sEVs can transport a variety of bioactive substances, including proteins, RNAs, and lipids. Accumulating evidence has revealed that sEVs play a crucial role in cancer development and progression, with a significant impact on proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, sEVs systematically coordinate physiological and pathological processes, such as coagulation, vascular leakage, and stromal cell reprogramming, to bring about premetastatic niche formation and to determine metastatic organ tropism. There are a variety of oncogenic factors in tumor-derived sEVs that mediate cellular communication between local stromal cells and distal microenvironment, both of which are important in cancer progression and metastasis. Tumor-derived sEVs contain substances that are similar to parental tumor cells, and as such, sEVs could be biomarkers in cancer progression and potential therapeutic targets, particularly for predicting and preventing future metastatic development. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the regulation by tumor-derived sEVs on cancer development and progression, including proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunosuppression, which coordinately shape the pro-metastatic microenvironment. In addition, we describe the application of sEVs to the development of cancer biomarkers and potential therapeutic modalities and discuss how they can be engineered and translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (L.S.); Tel.: +81-95-819-7063 (Y.T.); +86-27-8779-2024 (L.S.); Fax: +81-95-819-2189 (Y.T.); +86-27-8779-2072 (L.S.)
| | - Li Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (L.S.); Tel.: +81-95-819-7063 (Y.T.); +86-27-8779-2024 (L.S.); Fax: +81-95-819-2189 (Y.T.); +86-27-8779-2072 (L.S.)
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21
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Castillo-Sanchez R, Churruca-Schuind A, Martinez-Ival M, Salazar EP. Cancer-associated Fibroblasts Communicate with Breast Tumor Cells Through Extracellular Vesicles in Tumor Development. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221131647. [PMID: 36222020 PMCID: PMC9558853 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221131647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. In solid tumors, the microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor development, and it has been described a communication between the different cell types that conform the stroma, including fibroblasts, pericytes, adipocytes, immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Intercellular communication is bidirectional, complex, multifactorial and is mediated by the secretion of molecules and extracellular vesicles. The extracellular vesicles are vesicles limited by two membranes that are secreted by normal and cancer cells into the extracellular space. Extracellular vesicle cargo is complex and includes proteins, miRNAs, DNA and lipids, and their composition is specific to their parent cells. Extracellular vesicles are taken up for neighboring or distant cells. Particularly, extracellular vesicles from breast cancer cells are taken up for fibroblasts and it induces the activation of fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Interestingly, cancer associated fibroblasts release extracellular vesicles that are taken up for breast cancer cells and promote migration, invasion, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, changes in metabolism, chemoresistance, evasion of immune system and remodeling of extracellular matrix. In addition, the enrichment of specific cargos in extracellular vesicles of breast cancer patients has been suggested to be used as biomarkers of the disease. Here we review the current literature about the intercommunication between tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts through extracellular vesicles in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Perez Salazar
- Eduardo Perez Salazar, PhD, Departamento de
Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. IPN # 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico.
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22
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Tang Q, Xiao X, Li R, He H, Li S, Ma C. Recent Advances in Detection for Breast-Cancer-Derived Exosomes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196673. [PMID: 36235208 PMCID: PMC9571663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, its incidence is secret, and more than half of the patients are diagnosed in the middle and advanced stages, so it is necessary to develop simple and efficient detection methods for breast cancer diagnosis to improve the survival rate and quality of life of breast cancer patients. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by all kinds of living cells, and play an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer and the formation of the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes, as biomarkers, are an important part of breast cancer fluid biopsy and have become ideal targets for the early diagnosis, curative effect evaluation, and clinical treatment of breast cancer. In this paper, several traditional exosome detection methods, including differential centrifugation and immunoaffinity capture, were summarized, focusing on the latest research progress in breast cancer exosome detection. It was summarized from the aspects of optics, electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence and other aspects. This review is expected to provide valuable guidance for exosome detection of clinical breast cancer and the establishment of more reliable, efficient, simple and innovative methods for exosome detection of breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xinying Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ranhao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hailun He
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shanni Li
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Changbei Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (C.M.)
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23
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Majood M, Rawat S, Mohanty S. Delineating the role of extracellular vesicles in cancer metastasis: A comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966661. [PMID: 36059497 PMCID: PMC9439583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are subcellular messengers that aid in the formation and spread of cancer by enabling tumor-stroma communication. EVs develop from the very porous structure of late endosomes and hold information on both the intrinsic “status” of the cell and the extracellular signals absorbed by the cells from their surroundings. These EVs contain physiologically useful components, including as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, which have been found to activate important signaling pathways in tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells, aggravating tumor growth. We highlight critical cell biology mechanisms that link EVS formation to cargo sorting in cancer cells in this review.Sorting out the signals that control EVs creation, cargo, and delivery will aid our understanding of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we reviewed how cancer development and spreading behaviors are affected by coordinated communication between malignant and non-malignant cells. Herein, we studied the reciprocal exchanges via EVs in various cancer types. Further research into the pathophysiological functions of various EVs in tumor growth is likely to lead to the discovery of new biomarkers in liquid biopsy and the development of tumor-specific therapies.
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24
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Guevara-Olaya L, Chimal-Vega B, Castañeda-Sánchez CY, López-Cossio LY, Pulido-Capiz A, Galindo-Hernández O, Díaz-Molina R, Ruiz Esparza-Cisneros J, García-González V. LDL Promotes Disorders in β-Cell Cholesterol Metabolism, Implications on Insulin Cellular Communication Mediated by EVs. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080754. [PMID: 36005626 PMCID: PMC9415214 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is described as a hallmark of metabolic syndrome, promoting a stage of metabolic inflammation (metainflammation) that could lead to misbalances in energetic metabolism, contributing to insulin resistance, and modifying intracellular cholesterol pathways and the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in pancreatic islets. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) hypercholesterolemia could disrupt the tissue communication between Langerhans β-cells and hepatocytes, wherein extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by β-cells, and exposition to LDL can impair these phenomena. β-cells activate compensatory mechanisms to maintain insulin and metabolic homeostasis; therefore, the work aimed to characterize the impact of LDL on β-cell cholesterol metabolism and the implication on insulin secretion, connected with the regulation of cellular communication mediated by EVs on hepatocytes. Our results suggest that β-cells can endocytose LDL, promoting an increase in de novo cholesterol synthesis targets. Notably, LDL treatment increased mRNA levels and insulin secretion; this hyperinsulinism condition was associated with the transcription factor PDX-1. However, a compensatory response that maintains basal levels of intracellular calcium was described, mediated by the overexpression of calcium targets PMCA1/4, SERCA2, and NCX1, together with the upregulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) through the activation of IRE1 and PERK arms to maintain protein homeostasis. The LDL treatment induced metainflammation by IL-6, NF-κB, and COX-2 overexpression. Furthermore, LDL endocytosis triggered an imbalance of the RAS components. LDL treatment increased the intracellular levels of cholesterol on lipid droplets; the adaptive β-cell response was portrayed by the overexpression of cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Therefore, lipotoxicity and hyperinsulinism induced by LDL were regulated by the natural compound auraptene, a geranyloxyn coumarin modulator of cholesterol-esterification by ACAT1 enzyme inhibition. EVs isolated from β-cells impaired insulin signaling via mTOR/p70S6Kα in hepatocytes, a phenomenon regulated by auraptene. Our results show that LDL overload plays a novel role in hyperinsulinism, mechanisms associated with a dysregulation of intracellular cholesterol, lipotoxicity, and the adaptive UPR, which may be regulated by coumarin-auraptene; these conditions explain the affectations that occur during the initial stages of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Guevara-Olaya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | - Brenda Chimal-Vega
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | - César Yahel Castañeda-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | - Leslie Y. López-Cossio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | - Angel Pulido-Capiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | - Octavio Galindo-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | - Raúl Díaz-Molina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | | | - Victor García-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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25
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Wang M, Cai W, Yang AJ, Wang CY, Zhang CL, Liu W, Xie XF, Gong YY, Zhao YY, Wu WC, Zhou Q, Zhao CY, Dong JF, Li M. Gastric cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles disrupt endothelial integrity and promote metastasis. Cancer Lett 2022; 545:215827. [PMID: 35842018 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is the critical barrier that controls transendothelial communications. Blood vessels in cancer tissue are poorly developed and highly permeable. However, it is poorly understood how circulating cancer cells released through these "leaky" vessels break the intact vasculature of remote organs to metastasize. We investigated the roles of cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (CEVs) in regulating cancer metastasis by analyzing samples from gastric cancer patients, performing in vitro experiments, and studying mouse models. We made several novel observations. First, the rate of metastasis was closely associated with plasma levels of CEVs in patients with gastric cancer. Second, cultured endothelial cells endocytosed CEVs, resulting in cytoskeletal rearrangement, low expression of the junction proteins cadherin and CD31, and forming large intercellular gaps to allow the transendothelial migration of cancer cells. The dynamin inhibitor Dynasore prevented these CEV-induced changes of endothelial cells by blocking CEVs endocytosis. Third, CEVs disrupted the endothelial barrier of cancer-bearing mice to promote cancer metastasis. Finally, lactadherin promoted the clearance of circulating CEVs to reduce metastasis. These results demonstrate the essential role of CEVs in promoting the metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Ai-Jun Yang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Chen-Li Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Xie
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; School of Medicine, Northwest MinZu University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gong
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Pathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Zhao
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Pathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China.
| | - Wen-Cheng Wu
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Quan Zhou
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Chan-Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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26
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Mousavi SM, Amin Mahdian SM, Ebrahimi MS, Taghizadieh M, Vosough M, Sadri Nahand J, Hosseindoost S, Vousooghi N, Javar HA, Larijani B, Hadjighassem MR, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Microfluidics for detection of exosomes and microRNAs in cancer: State of the art. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:758-791. [PMID: 35664698 PMCID: PMC9130092 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with sizes ranging from 30-150 nanometers that contain proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs, and double-stranded DNA derived from the cells of origin. Exosomes can be taken up by target cells, acting as a means of cell-to-cell communication. The discovery of these vesicles in body fluids and their participation in cell communication has led to major breakthroughs in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of several conditions (e.g., cancer). However, conventional isolation and evaluation of exosomes and their microRNA content suffers from high cost, lengthy processes, difficult standardization, low purity, and poor yield. The emergence of microfluidics devices with increased efficiency in sieving, trapping, and immunological separation of small volumes could provide improved detection and monitoring of exosomes involved in cancer. Microfluidics techniques hold promise for advances in development of diagnostic and prognostic devices. This review covers ongoing research on microfluidics devices for detection of microRNAs and exosomes as biomarkers and their translation to point-of-care and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Mahdian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saereh Hosseindoost
- Pain Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Hadjighassem
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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27
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Garcia-Hernandez A, Reyes-Uribe E, Arce-Salinas C, de la Cruz-Lopez KG, Manzo-Merino J, Guzman-Ortiz AL, Quezada H, Cortes-Reynosa P, Breton-Mora F, Elizalde-Acosta I, Thompson-Bonilla R, Salazar EP. Extracellular vesicles from blood of breast cancer women induce angiogenic processes in HUVECs. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Biagini V, Busi F, Anelli V, Kerschbamer E, Baghini M, Gurrieri E, Notarangelo M, Pesce I, van Niel G, D’Agostino VG, Mione M. Zebrafish Melanoma-Derived Interstitial EVs Are Carriers of ncRNAs That Induce Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105510. [PMID: 35628321 PMCID: PMC9143139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous particles released by all cell types. Their role as functional carrier of bioactive molecules is boosted by cells that actively secrete them in biological fluids or in the intercellular space (interstitial EVs, iEVs). Here we have optimised a method for the isolation and characterization of zebrafish iEVs from whole melanoma tissues. Zebrafish melanoma iEVs are around 140 nm in diameter, as determined by nanoparticle tracking and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Western blot analysis shows enrichment for CD63 and Alix in the iEV fraction, but not in melanoma cell lysates. Super resolution and confocal microscopy reveal that purified zebrafish iEVs are green fluorescent protein positive (GFP+), indicating that they integrate the oncogene GFP-HRASV12G used to induce melanoma in this model within their vesicular membrane or luminal content. Analysis of RNA-Seq data found 118 non-coding (nc)RNAs differentially distributed between zebrafish melanoma and their iEVs, with only 17 of them being selectively enriched in iEVs. Among these, the RNA components of RNAses P and MRP, which process ribosomal RNA precursors, mitochondrial RNAs, and some mRNAs, were enriched in zebrafish and human melanoma EVs, but not in iEVs extracted from brain tumours. We found that melanoma iEVs induce an inflammatory response when injected in larvae, with increased expression of interferon responsive genes, and this effect is reproduced by MRP- or P-RNAs injected into circulation. This suggests that zebrafish melanoma iEVs are a source of MRP- and P-RNAs that can trigger inflammation in cells of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Biagini
- Experimental Cancer Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Federica Busi
- Experimental Cancer Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Viviana Anelli
- Experimental Cancer Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Emanuela Kerschbamer
- Bioinformatic Facility, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Marta Baghini
- Experimental Cancer Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Gurrieri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.G.); (M.N.); (V.G.D.)
| | - Michela Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.G.); (M.N.); (V.G.D.)
| | - Isabella Pesce
- Cell Analysis and Separation Core Facility, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Guillaume van Niel
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France;
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Vito G. D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.G.); (M.N.); (V.G.D.)
| | - Marina Mione
- Experimental Cancer Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Wu HJ, Chu PY. Current and Developing Liquid Biopsy Techniques for Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2052. [PMID: 35565189 PMCID: PMC9105073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality among woman worldwide. The techniques of diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring of breast cancer are critical. Current diagnostic techniques are mammography and tissue biopsy; however, they have limitations. With the development of novel techniques, such as personalized medicine and genetic profiling, liquid biopsy is emerging as the less invasive tool for diagnosing and monitoring breast cancer. Liquid biopsy is performed by sampling biofluids and extracting tumor components, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free mRNA (cfRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), proteins, and extracellular vehicles (EVs). In this review, we summarize and focus on the recent discoveries of tumor components and biomarkers applied in liquid biopsy and novel development of detection techniques, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Ju Wu
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang Town, Changhua 505, Taiwan
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 510, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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30
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Rodrigues-Junior DM, Tsirigoti C, Lim SK, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. Extracellular Vesicles and Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:849938. [PMID: 35493080 PMCID: PMC9043557 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.849938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity in mechanisms that drive cancer development and progression is exemplified by the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, which suppresses early-stage hyperplasia, yet assists aggressive tumors to achieve metastasis. Of note, several molecules, including mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, and proteins known to be associated with the TGF-β pathway have been reported as constituents in the cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are secreted vesicles delimited by a lipid bilayer and play critical functions in intercellular communication, including regulation of the tumor microenvironment and cancer development. Thus, this review aims at summarizing the impact of EVs on TGF-β signaling by focusing on mechanisms by which EV cargo can influence tumorigenesis, metastatic spread, immune evasion and response to anti-cancer treatment. Moreover, we emphasize the potential of TGF-β-related molecules present in circulating EVs as useful biomarkers of prognosis, diagnosis, and prediction of response to treatment in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrysoula Tsirigoti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Aristidis Moustakas,
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31
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Rao VS, Gu Q, Tzschentke S, Lin K, Ganig N, Thepkaysone ML, Wong FC, Polster H, Seifert L, Seifert AM, Buck N, Riediger C, Weiße J, Gutschner T, Michen S, Temme A, Schneider M, Baenke F, Weitz J, Kahlert C. Extravesicular TIMP-1 is a non-invasive independent prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in colorectal liver metastases. Oncogene 2022; 41:1809-1820. [PMID: 35140332 PMCID: PMC8933275 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular reprogramming of stromal microarchitecture by tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) is proposed to favour pre-metastatic niche formation. We elucidated the role of extravesicular tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1EV) in pro-invasive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling of the liver microenvironment to aid tumour progression in colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a high expression of stromal TIMP1 in the invasion front that was associated with poor progression-free survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases. Molecular analysis identified TIMP1EV enrichment in CRC-EVs as a major factor in the induction of TIMP1 upregulation in recipient fibroblasts. Mechanistically, we proved that EV-mediated TIMP1 upregulation in recipient fibroblasts induced ECM remodelling. This effect was recapitulated by human serum-derived EVs providing strong evidence that CRC release active EVs into the blood circulation of patients for the horizontal transfer of malignant traits to recipient cells. Moreover, EV-associated TIMP1 binds to HSP90AA, a heat-shock protein, and the inhibition of HSP90AA on human-derived serum EVs attenuates TIMP1EV-mediated ECM remodelling, rendering EV-associated TIMP1 a potential therapeutic target. Eventually, in accordance with REMARK guidelines, we demonstrated in three independent cohorts that EV-bound TIMP1 is a robust circulating biomarker for a non-invasive, preoperative risk stratification in patients with colorectal liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Sadananda Rao
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Qianyu Gu
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Tzschentke
- Department of Medicine, Haematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kuailu Lin
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Ganig
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - May-Linn Thepkaysone
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fang Cheng Wong
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Polster
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lena Seifert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian M Seifert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Buck
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carina Riediger
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Weiße
- Junior Research Group 'RNA Biology and Pathogenesis', Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group 'RNA Biology and Pathogenesis', Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Susanne Michen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumour Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumour Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Baenke
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Howard J, Goh CY, Gorzel KW, Higgins M, McCann A. The potential role of cofilin-1 in promoting triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis via the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Transl Oncol 2022; 15:101247. [PMID: 34678587 PMCID: PMC8529549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer, particularly prone to metastasis and is associated with poor survival outcomes. The key to unravelling the aggressiveness of TNBC lies in decoding the mechanism by which it metastasises. Cofilin-1 is a well-studied member of the cofilin family, involved in actin depolymerisation. Studies have described the diverse roles of cofilin-1 including cell motility, apoptosis and lipid metabolism. Levels of cofilin-1 have been shown to be increased in many different types of malignant cells, with increased cofilin-1 protein levels associated with poor prognosis in patients with TNBC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are microvesicles typically around 100 nm in size, found in all biological fluids examined to date (Lötvall et al., 2014). Proteomic studies on extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown that cofilin-1 is amongst the most frequently detected. Moreover, decreased levels of cofilin-1 potentially inhibit the release of EVs from cells. Additionally, Cofilin-1 is essential for the maturation of EVs and may also play a key role in the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche, thus promoting tumour cell migration. Further work into the exact mechanism by which cofilin-1 advances TNBC metastasis, may potentially prevent disease progression and improve outcomes for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Howard
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences (CHAS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Chia Yin Goh
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences (CHAS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Karolina Weiner Gorzel
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; St Vincent's University Hospital (SVUH), Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michaela Higgins
- St Vincent's University Hospital (SVUH), Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences (CHAS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Morasso C, Ricciardi A, Sproviero D, Truffi M, Albasini S, Piccotti F, Sottotetti F, Mollica L, Cereda C, Sorrentino L, Corsi F. Fast quantification of extracellular vesicles levels in early breast cancer patients by Single Molecule Detection Array (SiMoA). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 192:65-74. [PMID: 34935096 PMCID: PMC8841315 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preliminary reports suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) might be a promising biomarker for breast cancer (BC). However, the quantification of plasmatic levels of EVs is a complex task. To overcome these limitations, we developed a new, fast, and easy to use assay for the quantification of EVs directly in plasma based on the use of Single-Molecule Array (SiMoA). METHODS By using SiMoA to identify CD9+/CD63+ EVs, we analyzed plasma samples of 181 subjects (95 BC and 86 healthy controls, HC). A calibration curve, made of a serial dilution of lyophilized standards from human plasma, was used in each run to ensure the obtainment of quantitative results from the assay. In a subgroup of patients, EVs concentrations were estimated in plasma before and after 30 days from cancer surgery. Additional information on the size of EVs were also acquired using a Nanosight system to obtain a clearer understanding of the mechanism underlying the releases of EVs associated with the presence of cancer. RESULTS The measured levels of EVs resulted significantly higher in BC patients (median values 1179.1 ng/µl vs 613.0 ng/µl, p < 0.0001). ROC curve was used to define the optimal cut-off level of the test at 1034.5 ng/µl with an AUC of 0.75 [95% CI 0.68-0.82]. EVs plasmatic concentrations significantly decreased after cancer surgery compared to baseline values (p = 0.014). No correlation was found between EVs concentration and clinical features of BC. CONCLUSION SiMoA assay allows plasmatic EVs levels detection directly without any prior processing. EVs levels are significantly higher in BC patients and significantly decreases after cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Morasso
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ricciardi
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daisy Sproviero
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Truffi
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Albasini
- Breast Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Piccotti
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Sottotetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ludovica Mollica
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Sorrentino
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Breast Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi, 74, 20157, Milan, Italy.
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Extracellular vesicles produced by mouse breast adenocarcinoma 4T1 cells with up- or down-regulation of adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 differentially modulate the biological properties of 4T1 WT cells. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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35
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Lee M, Park SJ, Kim G, Park C, Lee MH, Ahn JH, Lee T. A pretreatment-free electrical capacitance biosensor for exosome detection in undiluted serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 199:113872. [PMID: 34902643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The exosome is considered a useful biomarker for the early diagnosis of cancer. However, pretreatment of samples used in diagnosis is time-consuming. Herein, we fabricated a capacitance-based electrical biosensor that requires no pretreatment of the sample; it is composed of a DNA aptamer/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) heterolayer on an interdigitated micro-gap electrode (IDMGE)/printed circuit board (PCB) system for detecting exosomes in an undiluted serum sample. The DNA aptamer detects the CD63 protein on the exosome as the biomarker, while the MoS2 nanoparticle enhances electrical sensitivity. In this study, for the first time, the IDMGE system was used to amplify the electrical signal efficiently for exosome detection. The IDMGE amplifies the capacitance signal as the gap between electrodes decreases, making it easy to detect the target by utilizing the heightened sensitivity. Moreover, it is possible to immobilize a bio-probe more efficiently than with an electrical sensitivity-enhancing electrode with the same area. The thiol-modified (SH-) CD63 DNA aptamer was introduced as the bio-probe that selectively binds to the CD63 protein on the exosome surface. The capacitance signal from the IDMGE electrical sensor increased linearly with the increase in the concentration of exosomes in human serum expressed on a logarithmic scale, the detection limit being 2192.6 exosomes/mL. The proposed biosensor can detect exosomes in undiluted human serum with high selectivity and sensitivity. A blind test was also carried out to test the reliability of the biosensor. The capacitance-based electrical biosensor thus offers a new platform for cancer diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungro Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyuk Ahn
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 99, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
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Emerging role of exosomes as biomarkers in cancer treatment and diagnosis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103565. [PMID: 34871719 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and cancer incidence and mortality are rapidly growing. These massive amounts of cancer patients require rapid diagnosis and efficient treatment strategies. However, the currently utilized methods are invasive and cost-effective. Recently, the effective roles of exosomes as promising diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers have been revealed. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles containing RNAs, DNAs, and proteins, and are present in a wide array of body fluids. Exosomal cargos have shown the potential to detect various types of cancers at early stages with high sensitivity and specificity. They can also delivery therapeutic agents efficiently. In this article, an overview of recent advances in the research of exosomal biomarkers and their applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment has been provided. Furthermore, the advantages and challenges of exosomes as liquid biopsy targets are discussed and the clinical implications of using exosomal miRNAs have been revealed.
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Brena D, Huang MB, Bond V. Extracellular vesicle-mediated transport: Reprogramming a tumor microenvironment conducive with breast cancer progression and metastasis. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101286. [PMID: 34839106 PMCID: PMC8636863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles’ (EVs) role in breast tumor microenvironment and pre-metastatic niche development. Breast cancer EV-mediated transmission of pro-metastatic and drug-resistant phenotypes. Precision medicine with EVs as biomarkers and delivery vehicles for drug and anticancer genetic material.
Breast cancer metastatic progression to critical secondary sites is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. While existing therapies are highly effective in combating primary tumors, metastatic disease is generally deemed incurable with a median survival of only 2, 3 years. Extensive efforts have focused on identifying metastatic contributory targets for therapeutic antagonism and prevention to improve patient survivability. Excessive breast cancer release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), whose contents stimulate a metastatic phenotype, represents a promising target. Complex breast cancer intercellular communication networks are based on EV transport and transference of molecular information is in bulk resulting in complete reprogramming events within recipient cells. Other breast cancer cells can acquire aggressive phenotypes, endothelial cells can be induced to undergo tubule formation, and immune cells can be neutralized. Recent advancements continue to implicate the critical role EVs play in cultivating a tumor microenvironment tailored to cancer proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and conference of drug resistance. This literature review serves to frame the role of EV transport in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The following five sections will be addressed: (1) Intercellular communication in developing a tumor microenvironment & pre-metastatic niche. (2) Induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (3). Immune suppression & evasion. (4) Transmission of drug resistance mechanisms. (5) Precision medicine: clinical applications of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Brena
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Ming-Bo Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States.
| | - Vincent Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States
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Teles RHG, Yano RS, Villarinho NJ, Yamagata AS, Jaeger RG, Meybohm P, Burek M, Freitas VM. Advances in Breast Cancer Management and Extracellular Vesicle Research, a Bibliometric Analysis. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4504-4520. [PMID: 34898576 PMCID: PMC8628791 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles transport variable content and have crucial functions in cell–cell communication. The role of extracellular vesicles in cancer is a current hot topic, and no bibliometric study has ever analyzed research production regarding their role in breast cancer and indicated the trends in the field. In this way, we aimed to investigate the trends in breast cancer management involved with extracellular vesicle research. Articles were retrieved from Scopus, including all the documents published concerning breast cancer and extracellular vesicles. We analyzed authors, journals, citations, affiliations, and keywords, besides other bibliometric analyses, using R Studio version 3.6.2. and VOSviewer version 1.6.0. A total of 1151 articles were retrieved, and as the main result, our analysis revealed trending topics on biomarkers of liquid biopsy, drug delivery, chemotherapy, autophagy, and microRNA. Additionally, research related to extracellular vesicles in breast cancer has been focused on diagnosis, treatment, and mechanisms of action of breast tumor-derived vesicles. Future studies are expected to explore the role of extracellular vesicles on autophagy and microRNA, besides investigating the application of extracellular vesicles from liquid biopsies for biomarkers and drug delivery, enabling the development and validation of therapeutic strategies for specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Handerson Gomes Teles
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.S.Y.); (N.J.V.); (A.S.Y.); (R.G.J.); (V.M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-98205-9151
| | - Rafael Sussumu Yano
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.S.Y.); (N.J.V.); (A.S.Y.); (R.G.J.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Nicolas Jones Villarinho
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.S.Y.); (N.J.V.); (A.S.Y.); (R.G.J.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Ana Sayuri Yamagata
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.S.Y.); (N.J.V.); (A.S.Y.); (R.G.J.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Ruy Gastaldoni Jaeger
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.S.Y.); (N.J.V.); (A.S.Y.); (R.G.J.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Patrick Meybohm
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Malgorzata Burek
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (P.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Vanessa Morais Freitas
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.S.Y.); (N.J.V.); (A.S.Y.); (R.G.J.); (V.M.F.)
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Li D, Lai W, Fan D, Fang Q. Protein biomarkers in breast cancer-derived extracellular vesicles for use in liquid biopsies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C779-C797. [PMID: 34495763 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00048.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in women worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve the management of breast cancer. Liquid biopsies are becoming convenient detection methods for diagnosing and monitoring breast cancer due to their noninvasiveness and ability to provide real-time feedback. A range of liquid biopsy markers, including circulating tumor proteins, circulating tumor cells, and circulating tumor nucleic acids, have been implemented for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis, with each having its own advantages and limitations. Circulating extracellular vesicles are messengers of intercellular communication that are packed with information from mother cells and are found in a wide variety of bodily fluids; thus, they are emerging as ideal candidates for liquid biopsy biomarkers. In this review, we summarize extracellular vesicle protein markers that can be potentially used for the early diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer or determining its specific subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjia Lai
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Fan
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Battaglia A, Piermattei A, Buzzonetti A, Pasciuto T, Zampetti N, Fossati M, Angelico G, Iacobelli V, Nero C, Iannucci V, Scambia G, Fagotti A, Fattorossi A. PD-L1 Expression on Circulating Tumour-Derived Microvesicles as a Complementary Tool for Stratification of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205200. [PMID: 34680346 PMCID: PMC8534085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) has recently attracted attention for the use of PD-1/PD-L1 axis blocking agents, with durable activity reported only in a subset of patients. The most used biomarker for sensitivity to the PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade is tumour PD-L1 status by immunohistochemistry. However, patient stratification using this method suffers from intrinsic heterogeneity of OC, likely contributing to the unsatisfactory results obtained so far. Cells communicate with each other by releasing microvesicles (MVs) that carry parental cell surface features. Thus, we hypothesised that PD-L1+ tumour cells (TC) and infiltrating PD-L1+ leukocytes should shed MVs carrying surface PD-L1 that may serve as a proxy for the whole tumour PD-L1 status. RESULTS We showed for the first time the presence of measurable amounts of TC- and leukocyte-derived PD-L1+ MVs (range: 1.4-178.8 MVs/μL and 6.2-504.8 MVs/μL, respectively) in the plasma of high-grade serous OC (HGSOC) patients (n = 63), using a sensitive flow cytometry platform. The concentration of PD-L1+ MVs of either origin did not associate with the PD-L1 status of TCs and leukocytes in the tumour biopsies, suggesting that the circulating PD-L1+ MVs also included ones from locations not selected for immunohistochemistry analysis and represented the PD-L1 status of the whole tumour mass. In this study, we also describe the serendipitous discovery of circulating PD-L1+ MVs of platelet origin (10.3-2409.6 MVs/μL). CONCLUSIONS The enumeration of circulating PD-L1+ MVs in HGSOC patients may provide a novel direction for assessing the tumour PD-L1 status and contribute to HGSOC patient stratification for immunotherapy interventions. The presence of circulating PD-L1+ MVs of platelet origin, a finding not yet reported in HGSOC patients, warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Battaglia
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (G.S.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessia Piermattei
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.); (T.P.); (N.Z.); (M.F.); (G.A.); (V.I.); (V.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Alexia Buzzonetti
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.); (T.P.); (N.Z.); (M.F.); (G.A.); (V.I.); (V.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Tina Pasciuto
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.); (T.P.); (N.Z.); (M.F.); (G.A.); (V.I.); (V.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Nicole Zampetti
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.); (T.P.); (N.Z.); (M.F.); (G.A.); (V.I.); (V.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Marco Fossati
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.); (T.P.); (N.Z.); (M.F.); (G.A.); (V.I.); (V.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Angelico
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.); (T.P.); (N.Z.); (M.F.); (G.A.); (V.I.); (V.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Valentina Iacobelli
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.); (T.P.); (N.Z.); (M.F.); (G.A.); (V.I.); (V.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Camilla Nero
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (G.S.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.); (T.P.); (N.Z.); (M.F.); (G.A.); (V.I.); (V.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Veronica Iannucci
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.); (T.P.); (N.Z.); (M.F.); (G.A.); (V.I.); (V.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (G.S.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.); (T.P.); (N.Z.); (M.F.); (G.A.); (V.I.); (V.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (G.S.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.); (T.P.); (N.Z.); (M.F.); (G.A.); (V.I.); (V.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Fattorossi
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.); (T.P.); (N.Z.); (M.F.); (G.A.); (V.I.); (V.I.); (A.F.)
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Bondhopadhyay B, Sisodiya S, Alzahrani FA, Bakhrebah MA, Chikara A, Kasherwal V, Khan A, Rani J, Dar SA, Akhter N, Tanwar P, Agrawal U, Hussain S. Exosomes: A Forthcoming Era of Breast Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4672. [PMID: 34572899 PMCID: PMC8464658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advancements in therapeutics and personalized medicine, breast cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers among women. The prognostic and diagnostic aids mainly include assessment of tumor tissues with conventional methods towards better therapeutic strategies. However, current era of gene-based research may influence the treatment outcome particularly as an adjunct to diagnostics by exploring the role of non-invasive liquid biopsies or circulating markers. The characterization of tumor milieu for physiological fluids has been central to identifying the role of exosomes or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). These exosomes provide necessary communication between tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The manipulation of exosomes in TME may provide promising diagnostic/therapeutic strategies, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer patients. This review has described and highlighted the role of exosomes in breast carcinogenesis and how they could be used or targeted by recent immunotherapeutics to achieve promising intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banashree Bondhopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, India; (B.B.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (V.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Sandeep Sisodiya
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, India; (B.B.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (V.K.); (J.R.)
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 411004, India
| | - Faisal Abdulrahman Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Embryonic Stem Cells Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammed A. Bakhrebah
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Atul Chikara
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, India; (B.B.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (V.K.); (J.R.)
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 411004, India
| | - Vishakha Kasherwal
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, India; (B.B.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (V.K.); (J.R.)
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201313, India
| | - Asiya Khan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, India;
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. Bheem Rao Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (Dr. BRA-IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110023, India;
| | - Jyoti Rani
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, India; (B.B.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (V.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65411, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. Bheem Rao Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (Dr. BRA-IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110023, India;
| | - Usha Agrawal
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Showket Hussain
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, India; (B.B.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (V.K.); (J.R.)
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Zebrafish as a preclinical model for Extracellular Vesicle-based therapeutic development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113815. [PMID: 34058284 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are released during various pathophysiological processes and reflect the state of their cell of origin. Once released, they can propagate through biological fluids, target cells, deliver their content and elicit functional responses. These specific features would allow their harnessing as biomarkers, drug nano-vehicles and therapeutic intrinsic modulators. However, the further development of their potential therapeutic application is hampered by the lack of knowledge about how EVs behave in vivo. Recent advances in the field of imaging EVs in vivo now allow live-tracking of endogenous and exogenous EV in various model organisms at high spatiotemporal resolution to define their distribution, half-life and fate. This review highlights current imaging tools available to image EVs in vivo and how live imaging especially in the zebrafish embryo can bring further insights into the characterization of EVs dynamics, biodistribution and functions to potentiate their development for therapeutic applications.
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Jahani Y, Arvelo ER, Yesilkoy F, Koshelev K, Cianciaruso C, De Palma M, Kivshar Y, Altug H. Imaging-based spectrometer-less optofluidic biosensors based on dielectric metasurfaces for detecting extracellular vesicles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3246. [PMID: 34059690 PMCID: PMC8167130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors are indispensable tools for public, global, and personalized healthcare as they provide tests that can be used from early disease detection and treatment monitoring to preventing pandemics. We introduce single-wavelength imaging biosensors capable of reconstructing spectral shift information induced by biomarkers dynamically using an advanced data processing technique based on an optimal linear estimator. Our method achieves superior sensitivity without wavelength scanning or spectroscopy instruments. We engineered diatomic dielectric metasurfaces supporting bound states in the continuum that allows high-quality resonances with accessible near-fields by in-plane symmetry breaking. The large-area metasurface chips are configured as microarrays and integrated with microfluidics on an imaging platform for real-time detection of breast cancer extracellular vesicles encompassing exosomes. The optofluidic system has high sensing performance with nearly 70 1/RIU figure-of-merit enabling detection of on average 0.41 nanoparticle/µm2 and real-time measurements of extracellular vesicles binding from down to 204 femtomolar solutions. Our biosensors provide the robustness of spectrometric approaches while substituting complex instrumentation with a single-wavelength light source and a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor camera, paving the way toward miniaturized devices for point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Jahani
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo R Arvelo
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Filiz Yesilkoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirill Koshelev
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Chiara Cianciaruso
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Figueira I, Godinho-Pereira J, Galego S, Maia J, Haskó J, Molnár K, Malhó R, Costa-Silva B, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Brito MA. MicroRNAs and Extracellular Vesicles as Distinctive Biomarkers of Precocious and Advanced Stages of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5214. [PMID: 34069135 PMCID: PMC8155987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer presents higher mortality and poorer survival rates than other breast cancer (BC) types, due to the proneness to brain metastases formation, which are usually diagnosed at advanced stages. Therefore, the discovery of BC brain metastases (BCBM) biomarkers appears pivotal for a timely intervention. With this work, we aimed to disclose microRNAs (miRNAs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the circulation as biomarkers of BCBM formation. Using a BCBM animal model, we analyzed EVs in plasma by nanoparticle tracking analysis and ascertained their blood-brain barrier (BBB) origin by flow cytometry. We further evaluated circulating miRNAs by RT-qPCR and their brain expression by in situ hybridization. In parallel, a cellular model of BCBM formation, combining triple negative BC cells and BBB endothelial cells, was used to differentiate the origin of biomarkers. Established metastases were associated with an increased content of circulating EVs, particularly of BBB origin. Interestingly, deregulated miRNAs in the circulation were observed prior to BCBM detection, and their brain origin was suggested by matching alterations in brain parenchyma. In vitro studies indicated that miR-194-5p and miR-205-5p are expressed and released by BC cells, endothelial cells and during their interaction. These results highlight miRNAs and EVs as biomarkers of BCBM in early and advanced stages, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.F.); (J.G.-P.); (S.G.)
- Farm-ID—Associação da Faculdade de Farmácia para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Godinho-Pereira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.F.); (J.G.-P.); (S.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Galego
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.F.); (J.G.-P.); (S.G.)
| | - Joana Maia
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (B.C.-S.)
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - János Haskó
- Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Biophysics, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.W.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Biophysics, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.W.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Rui Malhó
- BioISI, BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (B.C.-S.)
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Biophysics, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.W.); (I.A.K.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Biophysics, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.W.); (I.A.K.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.F.); (J.G.-P.); (S.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Weng J, Xiang X, Ding L, Wong ALA, Zeng Q, Sethi G, Wang L, Lee SC, Goh BC. Extracellular vesicles, the cornerstone of next-generation cancer diagnosis? Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:105-120. [PMID: 33989735 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has risen up to be a major cause of mortality worldwide over the past decades. Despite advancements in cancer screening and diagnostics, a significant number of cancers are still diagnosed at a late stage with poor prognosis. Hence, the discovery of reliable and accurate methods to diagnose cancer early would be of great help in reducing cancer mortality. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid vesicles found in many biofluids and are released by almost all types of cells. In recent years, using EVs as cancer biomarkers has garnered attention as a novel technique of cancer diagnosis. Compared with traditional tissue biopsy, there are many advantages that this novel diagnostic tool presents - it is less invasive, detects early-stage asymptomatic cancers, and allows for monitoring of tumour progression. As such, EV biomarkers have great potential in improving the diagnostic accuracy of cancers and guiding subsequent therapeutic decisions. Efficient isolation and accurate characterization of EVs are essential for reliable outcomes of clinical application. However, these are complicated by the size and biomolecular diversity of EVs. In this review, we present an analysis and evaluation of the current techniques of EV isolation and characterization, as well as discuss the potential EV biomarkers for specific types of cancer. Taken together, EV biomarkers have a lot of potential as a novel method in cancer diagnostics and diagnosis. However, more work is still needed to streamline the purification, characterization and biomarker identification process to ensure optimal outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Weng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 20203, China
| | - Lingwen Ding
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Qi Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Exosome-Mediated Transfer of circ_0000338 Enhances 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer through Regulating MicroRNA 217 (miR-217) and miR-485-3p. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:MCB.00517-20. [PMID: 33722958 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00517-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are microvesicles secreted by body cells for intercellular communication. The circular RNA circ_0000338 was found to be present in extracellular vesicles and improve the chemoresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. However, the role of exosomal circ_0000338 in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in CRC is largely unknown. The levels of circ_0000338, microRNA 217 (miR-217), and miR-485-3p were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of cells for 5-FU, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), colony formation, flow cytometry, and Western blot assays. The interaction between miR-217 or miR-485-3p and circ_0000338 was confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), dual-luciferase reporter, and pulldown assays. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and qualified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Nanosight tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blotting. Xenograft models were performed to analyze whether circ_0000338-loaded exosomes could increase resistance of CRC cells to 5-FU in vivo The circ_0000338 level was elevated in 5-FU-resistant CRC tissues and cells, and circ_0000338 knockdown sensitized 5-FU-resistant CRC cells to 5-FU through enhancing apoptosis and decreasing proliferation in vitro Mechanistically, circ_0000338 directly bound to miR-217 and miR-485-3p, and the inhibition of miR-217 or miR-485-3p reversed the effects of circ_0000338 knockdown on cell 5-FU resistance in CRC. Additionally, extracellular circ_0000338 could be incorporated into secreted exosomes and transmitted to 5-FU-sensitive cells. Treatment-sensitive cells with exosomes containing circ_0000338 reduced the 5-FU response in CRC both in vitro and in vivo Besides that, the exosomal circ_0000338 concentration was higher in patients exhibiting resistance to 5-FU and showed good diagnostic efficiency in 5-FU-resistant CRC. The delivery of circ_0000338 via exosomes enhanced 5-FU resistance in CRC through negative regulation of miR-217 and miR-485-3p, indicating a promising diagnostic and therapeutic marker for 5-FU-based chemotherapy in CRC patients.
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Linoleic acid induces secretion of extracellular vesicles from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells that mediate cellular processes involved with angiogenesis in HUVECs. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 153:106519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Piombino C, Mastrolia I, Omarini C, Candini O, Dominici M, Piacentini F, Toss A. The Role of Exosomes in Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030312. [PMID: 33803776 PMCID: PMC8003248 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of molecular re-characterization of metastatic disease with the purpose of monitoring tumor evolution has been acknowledged in numerous clinical guidelines for the management of advanced malignancies. In this context, an attractive alternative to overcome the limitations of repeated tissue sampling is represented by the analysis of peripheral blood samples as a 'liquid biopsy'. In recent years, liquid biopsies have been studied for the early diagnosis of cancer, the monitoring of tumor burden, tumor heterogeneity and the emergence of molecular resistance, along with the detection of minimal residual disease. Interestingly, liquid biopsy consents the analysis of circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and extracellular vesicles (EVs). In particular, EVs play a crucial role in cell communication, carrying transmembrane and nonmembrane proteins, as well as metabolites, lipids and nucleic acids. Of all EVs, exosomes mirror the biological fingerprints of the parental cells from which they originate, and therefore, are considered one of the most promising predictors of early cancer diagnosis and treatment response. The present review discusses current knowledge on the possible applications of exosomes in breast cancer (BC) diagnosis, with a focus on patients at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Piombino
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (C.O.); (M.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Ilenia Mastrolia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Claudia Omarini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (C.O.); (M.D.); (F.P.)
| | | | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (C.O.); (M.D.); (F.P.)
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Rigenerand srl, Medolla, 41036 Modena, Italy;
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Piacentini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (C.O.); (M.D.); (F.P.)
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Toss
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (C.O.); (M.D.); (F.P.)
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.T.)
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Ramirez-Ricardo J, Leal-Orta E, Garcia-Hernandez A, Diaz-Aragon R, Cortes-Reynosa P, Thompson-Bonilla R, Salazar EP. Role of Src/FAK in migration and invasion mediated by extracellular vesicles from MDA-MB-231 cells stimulated with linoleic acid. Med Oncol 2021; 38:40. [PMID: 33728516 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in occidental diets, which mediate a variety of processes in human breast cancer cells, including migration and invasion. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles released from endosomes and plasma membrane that are composed of a variety of molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. EVs from cancer cells promote processes related with cancer progression. In the present study, we demonstrate that treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with EVs from MDA-MB-231 cells stimulated with LA (LA EVs) promote migration and invasion via Src activity. LA EVs induce activation of FAK via Src activity and of Src and Akt2. LA EVs also induce the assembly of focal adhesions and MMP-9 secretion. These findings demonstrate that LA EVs mediate an autocrine and/or paracrine Src/FAK signaling pathway to promote migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramirez-Ricardo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. IPN # 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Leal-Orta
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. IPN # 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo Diaz-Aragon
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. IPN # 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Cortes-Reynosa
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. IPN # 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Perez Salazar
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. IPN # 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Gao Y, Qin Y, Wan C, Sun Y, Meng J, Huang J, Hu Y, Jin H, Yang K. Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Avenue for Cancer Management. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638357. [PMID: 33791224 PMCID: PMC8005721 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are small membrane particles derived from various cell types. EVs are broadly classified as ectosomes or small extracellular vesicles, depending on their biogenesis and cargoes. Numerous studies have shown that EVs regulate multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes. The roles of small extracellular vesicles in cancer growth and metastasis remain to be fully elucidated. As endogenous products, small extracellular vesicles are an ideal drug delivery platform for anticancer agents. However, several aspects of small extracellular vesicle biology remain unclear, hindering the clinical implementation of small extracellular vesicles as biomarkers or anticancer agents. In this review, we summarize the utility of cancer-related small extracellular vesicles as biomarkers to detect early-stage cancers and predict treatment outcomes. We also review findings from preclinical and clinical studies of small extracellular vesicle-based cancer therapies and summarize interventional clinical trials registered in the United States Food and Drug Administration and the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry. Finally, we discuss the main challenges limiting the clinical implementation of small extracellular vesicles and recommend possible approaches to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Honglin Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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