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Lee PY, Wei YT, Chao KSC, Chu CN, Chung WH, Wang TH. Anti-epileptic drug use during adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy is associated with poorer survival in patients with glioblastoma: A nationwide population-based cohort study. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:555-562. [PMID: 38687925 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_750_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are emerging but inconsistent evidences about anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) as radio- or chemo-sensitizers to improve survival in glioblastoma patients. We conducted a nationwide population-based study to evaluate the impact of concurrent AED during post-operative chemo-radiotherapy on outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1057 glioblastoma patients were identified by National Health Insurance Research Database and Cancer Registry in 2008-2015. Eligible criteria included those receiving surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy and temozolomide, and without other cancer diagnoses. Survival between patients taking concurrent AED for 14 days or more during chemo-radiotherapy (AED group) and those who did not (non-AED group) were compared, and subgroup analyses for those with valproic acid (VPA), levetiracetam (LEV), or phenytoin were performed. Multivariate analyses were used to adjust for confounding factors. RESULTS There were 642 patients in the AED group, whereas 415 in the non-AED group. The demographic data was balanced except trend of more patients in the AED group had previous drug history of AEDs (22.6% vs. 18%, P 0.078). Overall, the AED group had significantly increased risk of mortality (HR = 1.18, P 0.016) compared to the non-AED group. Besides, an adverse dose-dependent relationship on survival was also demonstrated in the AED group (HR = 1.118, P 0.0003). In subgroup analyses, the significant detrimental effect was demonstrated in VPA group (HR = 1.29,P 0.0002), but not in LEV (HR = 1.18, P 0.079) and phenytoin (HR = 0.98, P 0.862). CONCLUSIONS Improved survival was not observed in patients with concurrent AEDs during chemo-radiotherapy. Our real-world data did not support prophylactic use of AEDs for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yi Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, No. 542, Section 1 CHUNG-SHAN Road, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lin Shin Hospital, No. 36, Section 3 Huizhong Road, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wei
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Nan Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zhu Z, Zhou Q, Sun Y, Lai F, Wang Z, Hao Z, Li G. MethMarkerDB: a comprehensive cancer DNA methylation biomarker database. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D1380-D1392. [PMID: 37889076 PMCID: PMC10767949 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, sparking substantial interest in the clinical applications of cancer DNA methylation biomarkers. Cancer-related whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data offers a promising approach to precisely identify these biomarkers with differentially methylated regions (DMRs). However, currently there is no dedicated resource for cancer DNA methylation biomarkers with WGBS data. Here, we developed a comprehensive cancer DNA methylation biomarker database (MethMarkerDB, https://methmarkerdb.hzau.edu.cn/), which integrated 658 WGBS datasets, incorporating 724 curated DNA methylation biomarker genes from 1425 PubMed published articles. Based on WGBS data, we documented 5.4 million DMRs from 13 common types of cancer as candidate DNA methylation biomarkers. We provided search and annotation functions for these DMRs with different resources, such as enhancers and SNPs, and developed diagnostic and prognostic models for further biomarker evaluation. With the database, we not only identified known DNA methylation biomarkers, but also identified 781 hypermethylated and 5245 hypomethylated pan-cancer DMRs, corresponding to 693 and 2172 genes, respectively. These novel potential pan-cancer DNA methylation biomarkers hold significant clinical translational value. We hope that MethMarkerDB will help identify novel cancer DNA methylation biomarkers and propel the clinical application of these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, 3D Genomics Research Center, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiangwei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, 3D Genomics Research Center, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanhui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, 3D Genomics Research Center, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fuming Lai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, 3D Genomics Research Center, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenji Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, 3D Genomics Research Center, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhigang Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, 3D Genomics Research Center, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, 3D Genomics Research Center, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Todeschi J, Dannhoff G, Chibbaro S, Segbedji F, Spatola G, Mallereau CH, Noel G, Schott R, Lhermitte B, Cebula H, Ganau M. Second Cancer Affecting the Central Nervous System: Systematic Literature Review Exploring the Link Between Malignant Melanoma and Glioblastoma. World Neurosurg 2023; 179:178-184. [PMID: 37625631 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant primary brain cancer, among the most devastating and lethal diseases of the central nervous system. Similarly, malignant melanoma (MM) is responsible for most skin cancer-related deaths. A link between those 2 aggressive cancers has not yet been established. We present here a systematic review of the literature and an exemplificative case. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted to assess possible commonalities between MM and GBM. An exemplificative surgical vignette of a 73-year-old patient with the occurrence of a frontobasal GBM after surgical removal of a metastasis of MM in the same location was then detailed. RESULTS Fifteen studies published in the English international literature support a link between MM and GBM, both based on epidemiologic and pathophysiologic/genetic aspects. This theory is reinforced by our surgical vignette of a collision tumor with the occurrence of both tumors in the same location several years apart. CONCLUSIONS The evidence reported in the literature, as well as our surgical vignette, support a likely link between the pathogenesis of GBM and MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Todeschi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Dannhoff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Salvatore Chibbaro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Felix Segbedji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Giorgio Spatola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Georges Noel
- Department of Radiotherapy, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Roland Schott
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoit Lhermitte
- Histopathology Unit, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Cebula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mario Ganau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
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Hellmold D, Kubelt C, Daunke T, Beckinger S, Janssen O, Hauck M, Schütt F, Adelung R, Lucius R, Haag J, Sebens S, Synowitz M, Held-Feindt J. Sequential Treatment with Temozolomide Plus Naturally Derived AT101 as an Alternative Therapeutic Strategy: Insights into Chemoresistance Mechanisms of Surviving Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109075. [PMID: 37240419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a poorly treatable disease due to the fast development of tumor recurrences and high resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. To overcome the highly adaptive behavior of GBMs, especially multimodal therapeutic approaches also including natural adjuvants have been investigated. However, despite increased efficiency, some GBM cells are still able to survive these advanced treatment regimens. Given this, the present study evaluates representative chemoresistance mechanisms of surviving human GBM primary cells in a complex in vitro co-culture model upon sequential application of temozolomide (TMZ) combined with AT101, the R(-) enantiomer of the naturally occurring cottonseed-derived gossypol. Treatment with TMZ+AT101/AT101, although highly efficient, yielded a predominance of phosphatidylserine-positive GBM cells over time. Analysis of the intracellular effects revealed phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, and GSK3ß, resulting in the induction of various pro-tumorigenic genes in surviving GBM cells. A Torin2-mediated mTOR inhibition combined with TMZ+AT101/AT101 partly counteracted the observed TMZ+AT101/AT101-associated effects. Interestingly, treatment with TMZ+AT101/AT101 concomitantly changed the amount and composition of extracellular vesicles released from surviving GBM cells. Taken together, our analyses revealed that even when chemotherapeutic agents with different effector mechanisms are combined, a variety of chemoresistance mechanisms of surviving GBM cells must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hellmold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carolin Kubelt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tina Daunke
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Silje Beckinger
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Margarethe Hauck
- Functional Nanomaterials, Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Schütt
- Functional Nanomaterials, Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials, Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Haag
- Department of Pathology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Impact of timing to initiate adjuvant therapy on survival of elderly glioblastoma patients using the SEER-Medicare and national cancer databases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3266. [PMID: 36841851 PMCID: PMC9968296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal time to initiate adjuvant therapy (AT) in elderly patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains unclear. We investigated the impact of timing to start AT on overall survival (OS) using two national-scale datasets covering elderly GBM populations in the United States. A total of 3159 and 8161 eligible elderly GBM patients were derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked dataset (2004-2013) and the National Cancer Database (NCDB) (2004-2014), respectively. The intervals in days from the diagnosis to the initiation of AT were categorized based on two scenarios: Scenario I (quartiles), ≤ 15, 16-26, 27-37, and ≥ 38 days; Scenario II (median), < 27, and ≥ 27 days. The primary outcome was OS. We performed the Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression methods for survival analysis. A sensitivity analysis was performed using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to achieve well-balanced characteristics between early-timing and delayed-timing in Scenario II. Improved OS was observed among patients who underwent resection and initiated AT with either a modest delay (27-37 days) or a longer delay (≥ 38 days) compared to those who received AT immediately (≤ 15 days) from both the SEER-Medicare dataset [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.74, 95% CI 0.64-0.84, P < 0.001; and aHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71-0.92, P = 0.002] and the NCDB (aHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.93, P = 0.001; and aHR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77-0.98, P = 0.017). The survival advantage is observed in delayed-timing group as well in Scenario II. For elderly patients who had biopsy only, improved OS was only detected in a longer delay (Scenario I: ≥ 38 days vs. ≤ 15 days) or the delayed-timing group (Scenario II: ≥ 27 days vs. < 27 days) in the NCDB while no survival difference was seen in SEER-Medicare population. For the best timing to start AT in elderly GBM patients, superior survivals were observed among those who had craniotomy and initiated AT with a modest (27-37 days) or longer delays (≥ 38 days) following diagnosis using both the SEER-Medicare and NCDB datasets (Scenario I). Such survival advantage was confirmed when categorizing delayed-timing vs. early-timing with the cut-off at 27 day in both datasets (Scenario II). The increased likelihood of receiving delayed AT (≥ 27 days) was significantly associated with tumor resection (STR/GTR), years of diagnosis after 2006, African American and Hispanics races, treatments at academic facilities, and being referred. There is no difference in timing of AT on survival among elderly GBM patients who had biopsy in the SEER-Medicare dataset. In conclusion, initiating AT with a modest delay (27-37 days) or a longer delay (≥ 38 days) after craniotomy may be the preferred timing in the elderly GBM population.
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Gibson D, Ravi A, Rodriguez E, Chang S, Oberheim Bush N, Taylor J, Clarke J, Solomon D, Scheffler A, Witte J, Lambing H, Okada H, Berger M, Chehab F, Butowski NA. Quantitative analysis of MGMT promoter methylation in glioblastoma suggests nonlinear prognostic effect. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad115. [PMID: 37899778 PMCID: PMC10611422 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic inhibition of the O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) gene has emerged as a clinically relevant prognostic marker in glioblastoma (GBM). Methylation of the MGMT promoter has been shown to increase chemotherapy efficacy. While traditionally reported as a binary marker, recent methodological advancements have led to quantitative methods of measuring promoter methylation, providing clearer insight into its functional relationship with survival. Methods A CLIA assay and bisulfite sequencing was utilized to develop a quantitative, 17-point, MGMT promoter methylation index. GBMs of 240 newly diagnosed patients were sequenced and risk for mortality was assessed. Nonlinearities were captured by fitting splines to Cox proportional hazard models and plotting smoothed residuals. Covariates included age, Karnofsky performance status, IDH1 mutation, and extent of resection. Results Median follow-up time and progression-free survival were 16 and 9 months, respectively. A total of 176 subjects experienced death. A one-unit increase in promoter CpG methylation resulted in a 4% reduction in hazard (95% CI 0.93-0.99, P < .005). GBM patients with low levels of promoter methylation (1-6 CpG sites) fared markedly worse (HR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.03-2.54, P < .036) than individuals who were unmethylated. Subjects with medium levels of promoter methylation (7-12 sites) had the greatest reduction in hazard (HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.80, P < .004), followed by individuals in the highest promoter methylation tertile (HR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.97, P < .035). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the relationship between the extent of MGMT promoter methylation and survival in GBM may be nonlinear. These findings challenge the current understanding of MGMT and underlines the clinical importance of determining its prognostic utility. Potential limitations include censoring, sample size, and extraneous mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gibson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Akshay Ravi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eduardo Rodriguez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nancy Oberheim Bush
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennie Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Clarke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David Solomon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aaron Scheffler
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hannah Lambing
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitchel Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Farid Chehab
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas A Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Abstract
There is no evidence showing that the expression of procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer (PCOLCE) is associated with human tumors, and pan-cancer analysis is not available. Based on public databases such as the cancer genome atlas, we investigated the potential role of PCOLCE expression in 33 different human tumors. PCOLCE expression in 11 tumors was significantly correlated with tumor prognosis and was a prognostic predictor for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, thymoma and CES. We also found that PCOLCE expression correlated with the immune microenvironment of tumors and the level of cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration. PCOLCE is a potential predictor of small molecule targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we found by enrichment analysis that PCOLCE localizes to extracellular structures and the extracellular matrix and exerts substantial effects on tumors through the PI3K-Akt and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways. We have a preliminary and relatively comprehensive understanding of the role of PCOLCE in various tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Qiuyun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
- * Correspondence: Qiuyun Li, Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, PR China (e-mail: )
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Yousefi PD, Suderman M, Langdon R, Whitehurst O, Davey Smith G, Relton CL. DNA methylation-based predictors of health: applications and statistical considerations. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:369-383. [PMID: 35304597 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation data have become a valuable source of information for biomarker development, because, unlike static genetic risk estimates, DNA methylation varies dynamically in relation to diverse exogenous and endogenous factors, including environmental risk factors and complex disease pathology. Reliable methods for genome-wide measurement at scale have led to the proliferation of epigenome-wide association studies and subsequently to the development of DNA methylation-based predictors across a wide range of health-related applications, from the identification of risk factors or exposures, such as age and smoking, to early detection of disease or progression in cancer, cardiovascular and neurological disease. This Review evaluates the progress of existing DNA methylation-based predictors, including the contribution of machine learning techniques, and assesses the uptake of key statistical best practices needed to ensure their reliable performance, such as data-driven feature selection, elimination of data leakage in performance estimates and use of generalizable, adequately powered training samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Yousefi
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ryan Langdon
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Oliver Whitehurst
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Brat DJ, Aldape K, Bridge JA, Canoll P, Colman H, Hameed MR, Harris BT, Hattab EM, Huse JT, Jenkins RB, Lopez-Terrada DH, McDonald WC, Rodriguez FJ, Souter LH, Colasacco C, Thomas NE, Yount MH, van den Bent MJ, Perry A. Molecular Biomarker Testing for the Diagnosis of Diffuse Gliomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2022; 146:547-574. [PMID: 35175291 PMCID: PMC9311267 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0295-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— The diagnosis and clinical management of patients with diffuse gliomas (DGs) have evolved rapidly over the past decade with the emergence of molecular biomarkers that are used to classify, stratify risk, and predict treatment response for optimal clinical care. OBJECTIVE.— To develop evidence-based recommendations for informing molecular biomarker testing for pediatric and adult patients with DGs and provide guidance for appropriate laboratory test and biomarker selection for optimal diagnosis, risk stratification, and prediction. DESIGN.— The College of American Pathologists convened an expert panel to perform a systematic review of the literature and develop recommendations. A systematic review of literature was conducted to address the overarching question, "What ancillary tests are needed to classify DGs and sufficiently inform the clinical management of patients?" Recommendations were derived from quality of evidence, open comment feedback, and expert panel consensus. RESULTS.— Thirteen recommendations and 3 good practice statements were established to guide pathologists and treating physicians on the most appropriate methods and molecular biomarkers to include in laboratory testing to inform clinical management of patients with DGs. CONCLUSIONS.— Evidence-based incorporation of laboratory results from molecular biomarker testing into integrated diagnoses of DGs provides reproducible and clinically meaningful information for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Brat
- From the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (Brat)
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (Aldape)
| | - Julia A Bridge
- The Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (Bridge)
- Cytogenetics, ProPath, Dallas, Texas (Bridge)
| | - Peter Canoll
- The Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York (Canoll)
| | - Howard Colman
- The Department of Neurosurgery and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Colman)
| | - Meera R Hameed
- The Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Hameed)
| | - Brent T Harris
- The Department of Neurology and Pathology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (Harris)
| | - Eyas M Hattab
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (Hattab)
| | - Jason T Huse
- The Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Huse)
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Jenkins)
| | - Dolores H Lopez-Terrada
- The Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (Lopez-Terrada)
| | - William C McDonald
- The Department of Pathology, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota (McDonald)
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland (Rodriguez)
| | | | - Carol Colasacco
- Surveys, College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Colasacco, Thomas)
| | - Nicole E Thomas
- Surveys, College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Colasacco, Thomas)
| | | | - Martin J van den Bent
- The Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (van den Bent)
| | - Arie Perry
- The Departments of Pathology and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (Perry)
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Tierling S, Jürgens-Wemheuer WM, Leismann A, Becker-Kettern J, Scherer M, Wrede A, Breuskin D, Urbschat S, Sippl C, Oertel J, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Walter J. Bisulfite profiling of the MGMT promoter and comparison with routine testing in glioblastoma diagnostics. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:26. [PMID: 35180887 PMCID: PMC8857788 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Promoter methylation of the DNA repair gene O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is an acknowledged predictive epigenetic marker in glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma. Patients with methylated CpGs in the MGMT promoter benefit from treatment with alkylating agents, such as temozolomide, and show an improved overall survival and progression-free interval. A precise determination of MGMT promoter methylation is of importance for diagnostic decisions. We experienced that different methods show partially divergent results in a daily routine. For an integrated neuropathological diagnosis of malignant gliomas, we therefore currently apply a combination of methylation-specific PCR assays and pyrosequencing. Results To better rationalize the variation across assays, we compared these standard techniques and assays to deep bisulfite sequencing results in a cohort of 80 malignant astrocytomas. Our deep analysis covers 49 CpG sites of the expanded MGMT promoter, including exon 1, parts of intron 1 and a region upstream of the transcription start site (TSS). We observed that deep sequencing data are in general in agreement with CpG-specific pyrosequencing, while the most widely used MSP assays published by Esteller et al. (N Engl J Med 343(19):1350–1354, 2000. 10.1056/NEJM200011093431901) and Felsberg et al. (Clin Cancer Res 15(21):6683–6693, 2009. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2801) resulted in partially discordant results in 22 tumors (27.5%). Local deep bisulfite sequencing (LDBS) revealed that CpGs located in exon 1 are suited best to discriminate methylated from unmethylated samples. Based on LDBS data, we propose an optimized MSP primer pair with 83% and 85% concordance to pyrosequencing and LDBS data. A hitherto neglected region upstream of the TSS, with an overall higher methylation compared to exon 1 and intron 1 of MGMT, is also able to discriminate the methylation status. Conclusion Our integrated analysis allows to evaluate and redefine co-methylation domains within the MGMT promoter and to rationalize the practical impact on assays used in daily routine diagnostics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01244-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Tierling
- Fak.NT Life Sciences, Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, Campus, Building A2 4, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | | | - Alea Leismann
- Fak.NT Life Sciences, Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, Campus, Building A2 4, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julia Becker-Kettern
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty of the Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Scherer
- Fak.NT Life Sciences, Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, Campus, Building A2 4, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arne Wrede
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty of the Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - David Breuskin
- Institute for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Steffi Urbschat
- Institute for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Sippl
- Institute for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Oertel
- Institute for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Jörn Walter
- Fak.NT Life Sciences, Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, Campus, Building A2 4, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
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11
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Alam R, Biswas S, Haque F, Pathan MT, Imon RR, Talukder MEK, Samad A, Asseri AH, Ahammad F. A systematic analysis of ATPase Cation transporting 13A2 (ATP13A2) transcriptional expression and prognostic value in human brain cancer. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Sudibio S, Anton J, Handoko H, Mayang Permata TB, Kodrat H, Nuryadi E, Sofyan HR, Mulyadi R, Aman RA, Gondhowiardjo S. Outcome Analysis and Prognostic Factors in Patients of Glioblastoma Multiforme: An Indonesian Single Institution Experience. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study was done to assess the survival of patients with glioblastoma multiform and to identify factors that can affect patient survival.
Materials and methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, 55 patients with histopathologically confirmed glioblastoma multiform and received adjuvant radiation/chemoradiation in our department were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: The median overall survival (OS) for entire cohort was 13 months and 1-year OS and 2-year OS rate were 52.7% and 3.6% with the mean follow-up period was 12 months. In univariate analysis, age (≤50 years vs >50 years, p=0.02), performance status (≥90 vs 70-80 vs <70, p<0.001), RTOG RPA classification (class III vs class IV vs class V-VI, p<0.001), parietal lobes tumor site (vs others, p=0.02), residual tumor volume (≤20.4cm3 vs >20.4cm3, p=0.001) and time to initiate adjuvant therapy (<4 weeks vs 4-6 weeks vs >6 weeks, p=0.01) were significantly affect overall survival. In multivariate analysis, RTOG RPA classification and involvement of parietal lobes were independent prognostic factors for overall survival.
Conclusions: RTOG RPA classification that consisted of age and performance status is an independent prognostic factor for the clinical outcome of GBM. Besides this well-known factor, we also identified the involvement of parietal lobe gives a strong negative influence on survival of GBM patients.
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13
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An E3 Ubiquitin Ligase RNF139 Serves as a Tumor-Suppressor in Glioma. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1664-1673. [PMID: 34106407 PMCID: PMC8349318 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is highly lethal because of its high malignancy. Ubiquitination, a type of ubiquitin-dependent protein modification, has been reported to play an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role in glioma development, depending on the targets. Ring finger protein 139 (RNF139) is a membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligase serving as a tumor suppressor by ubiquitylation-dependently suppressing cell growth. Herein, we firstly confirmed the abnormal downregulation of RNF139 in glioma tissues and cell lines. In glioma cells, ectopic RNF139 overexpression could inhibit, whereas RNF139 knockdown could aggravate the aggressive behaviors of glioma cells, including hyperproliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, in two glioma cell lines, RNF139 overexpression inhibited, whereas RNF139 knockdown enhanced the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT). In a word, we demonstrate the aberration in RNF139 expression in glioma tissue samples and cell lines. RNF139 serves as a tumor-suppressor in glioma by inhibiting glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoting glioma cell apoptosis through regulating PI3K/AKT signaling.
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14
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Yang K, Stein TD, Huber BR, Sartor EA, Rachlin JR, Mahalingam M. Glioblastoma and malignant melanoma: Serendipitous or anticipated association? Neuropathology 2020; 41:65-71. [PMID: 33103282 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a patient who had primary glioblastoma (GB) and malignant melanoma (MM). A 78-year-old man presented with several weeks to months of history of gait disturbance, confusion, memory disturbance, and worsening speech. Imaging studies performed on admission revealed a large frontotemporal lobe mass associated with the surrounding zone of vasogenic edema. Given the patient's medical history of incomplete biopsy of a midback tumor performed three weeks before, the presumptive clinical diagnosis was metastatic MM. Pathological examination of frozen sections of fragmented specimens obtained at stereotactic biopsy performed on admission revealed a high-grade malignant neoplasm characterized by discohesive cells in a blue myxoid background and abundant foci of tumor necrosis. Given these features, in conjunction with the abovementioned pathological report, the frozen section diagnosis by the neuropathologist was "neoplasm identified, favor melanoma." Due to the paucity of lesional tissue, a limited immunohistochemistry performed on the permanent sections revealed positive staining of lesional cells for Sox10 alone using a multiplex MART1/Sox10 immunostain and S-100 protein, an immunohistochemical profile supporting the presumptive frozen section diagnosis. A tumor debulk procedure, performed two weeks later, revealed histopathologic features most compatible with GB, IDH wild-type. Thus, additional immunohistochemistry on the permanent sections revealed positive staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Sox10, and S-100 protein as well as negative staining of gp100, a complex carbohydrate matrix protein in embryonic melanosomes, using a specific antibody HMB45. The concomitant occurrence of MM and GB in our patient underscores the association between these two entities. Our literature review suggests that the sporadic co-occurrence of these two conditions is likely not serendipitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yang
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bertrand R Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emmett A Sartor
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob R Rachlin
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meera Mahalingam
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Consolidated Laboratories, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Branco V, Pimentel J, Brito MA, Carvalho C. Thioredoxin, Glutathione and Related Molecules in Tumors of the Nervous System. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1878-1900. [PMID: 30706774 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190201113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors have a poor survival prognosis due to their invasive and heterogeneous nature, in addition to the resistance to multiple treatments. OBJECTIVE In this paper, the main aspects of brain tumor biology and pathogenesis are reviewed both for primary tumors of the brain, (i.e., gliomas) and for metastasis from other malignant tumors, namely lung cancer, breast cancer and malignant melanoma which account for a high percentage of overall malignant brain tumors. We review the role of antioxidant systems, namely the thioredoxin and glutathione systems, in the genesis and/or progression of brain tumors. METHODS Although overexpression of Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) and Thioredoxin (Trx) is often linked to increased malignancy rate of brain tumors, and higher expression of Glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione S-Transferases (GST) are associated to resistance to therapy, several knowledge gaps still exist regarding for example, the role of Peroxiredoxins (Prx), and Glutaredoxins (Grx). CONCLUSION Due to their central role in redox homeostasis and ROS scavenging, redox systems are potential targets for new antitumorals and examples of innovative therapeutics aiming at improving success rates in brain tumor treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Branco
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Pimentel
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHLN), Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-036 Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon University, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-036 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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16
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Expression and prognostic value of the transcription factors EGR1 and EGR3 in gliomas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9285. [PMID: 32518380 PMCID: PMC7283475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most glioblastoma patients have a dismal prognosis, although some survive several years. However, only few biomarkers are available to predict the disease course. EGR1 and EGR3 have been linked to glioblastoma stemness and tumour progression, and this study aimed to investigate their spatial expression and prognostic value in gliomas. Overall 207 gliomas including 190 glioblastomas were EGR1/EGR3 immunostained and quantified. A cohort of 21 glioblastomas with high P53 expression and available tissue from core and periphery was stained with double-immunofluorescence (P53-EGR1 and P53-EGR3) and quantified.EGR1 expression increased with WHO-grade, and declined by 18.9% in the tumour periphery vs. core (P = 0.01), while EGR3 expression increased by 13.8% in the periphery vs. core (P = 0.04). In patients with high EGR1 expression, 83% had methylated MGMT-promoters, while all patients with low EGR1 expression had un-methylated MGMT-promoters. High EGR3 expression in MGMT-methylated patients was associated with poor survival (HR = 1.98; 95%CI 1.22–3.22; P = 0.006), while EGR1 high/EGR3 high, was associated with poor survival vs. EGR1 high/EGR3 low (HR = 2.11; 95%CI 1.25–3.56; P = 0.005). EGR1 did not show prognostic value, but could be involved in MGMT-methylation. Importantly, EGR3 may be implicated in cell migration, while its expression levels seem to be prognostic in MGMT-methylated patients.
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17
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Butler M, Pongor L, Su YT, Xi L, Raffeld M, Quezado M, Trepel J, Aldape K, Pommier Y, Wu J. MGMT Status as a Clinical Biomarker in Glioblastoma. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:380-391. [PMID: 32348734 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Although current standard therapy extends median survival to ~15 months, most patients do not have a sustained response to treatment. While O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG)-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status is accepted as a prognostic and promising predictive biomarker in glioblastoma, its value in informing treatment decisions for glioblastoma patients remains debatable. Discrepancies between MGMT promoter methylation status and treatment response in some patients may stem from inconsistencies between MGMT methylation and expression levels in glioblastoma. Here, we discuss MGMT as a biomarker and elucidate the discordance between MGMT methylation, expression, and patient outcome, which currently challenges the implementation of this biomarker in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Butler
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lorinc Pongor
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liqiang Xi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martha Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jane Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Jing Wu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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18
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Tunthanathip T, Mamueang K, Nilbupha N, Maliwan C, Bejrananda T. No association between isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation and increased survival of glioblastoma: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL NEGATIVE RESULTS 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jpnr.jpnr_22_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Tan N, Liu J, Li P, Sun Z, Pan J, Zhao W. Reactive oxygen species metabolism-based prediction model and drug for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11010-11029. [PMID: 31801111 PMCID: PMC6932921 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tumor recurrence is the main cause of poor prognosis of GBM. Finding the characteristics of recurrent GBM that provide early warning of tumor recurrence can provide guidance for the clinical treatment of recurrent GBM. Results: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) biosynthetic processes was significantly elevated in recurrent GBM. The recurrent risk score based on the ROS biosynthetic process was closely related to tumor purity and tumor immune functions. The quantitative risk assessment system could be used to predict the recurrence time of GBM. Gallic acid, a compound with high anti-oxidation activity and low cytotoxicity, was screened as a potential chemotherapy sensitizer for recurrent GBM. Conclusion: The quantitative risk assessment system based on ROS biosynthetic process could be used for early warning of GBM recurrence. Combination of low-dose gallic acid and temozolomide could improve therapeutic outcomes in recurrent GBM. Methods: A total of 663 primary and recurrent GBM samples with clinical and microarray data were included in this study. GSVA, LASSO-COX, and Kaplan-Meier survive curve were performed to construct and verify a quantitative risk assessment system for GBM recurrence prediction. An antioxidant capacity test and cell viability test were used to discover potential drugs for recurrent GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Tan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoying Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Pan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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20
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Lenting K, van den Heuvel CNAM, van Ewijk A, ElMelik D, de Boer R, Tindall E, Wei G, Kusters B, te Dorsthorst M, ter Laan M, Huynen MA, Leenders WP. Mapping actionable pathways and mutations in brain tumours using targeted RNA next generation sequencing. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:185. [PMID: 31747973 PMCID: PMC6865071 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biology-based precision drugs are available that neutralize aberrant molecular pathways in cancer. Molecular heterogeneity and the lack of reliable companion diagnostic biomarkers for many drugs makes targeted treatment of cancer inaccurate for many individuals. Identifying actionable hyperactive biological pathways in individual cancers may improve this situation. To achieve this we applied a novel targeted RNA next generation sequencing (t/RNA-NGS) technique to surgically obtained glioma tissues. The test combines mutation detection with analysis of biological pathway activities that are involved in tumour behavior in many cancer types (e.g. tyrosine kinase signaling, angiogenesis signaling, immune response, metabolism), via quantitative measurement of transcript levels and splice variants of hundreds of genes. We here present proof of concept that the technique, which uses molecular inversion probes, generates a histology-independent molecular diagnosis and identifies classifiers that are strongly associated with conventional histopathology diagnoses and even with patient prognosis. The test not only confirmed known glioma-associated molecular aberrations but also identified aberrant expression levels of actionable genes and mutations that have so far been considered not to be associated with glioma, opening up the possibility of drug repurposing for individual patients. Its cost-effectiveness makes t/RNA-NGS to an attractive instrument to aid oncologists in therapy decision making.
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21
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Alassiri AH, Alkhaibary A, Al-Sarheed S, Alsufani F, Alharbi M, Alkhani A, Aloraidi A. O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation as prognostic factors in a cohort of Saudi patients with glioblastoma. Ann Saudi Med 2019; 39:410-416. [PMID: 31804140 PMCID: PMC6894451 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2019.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of glioblastoma (GB), the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults, can include alkylating chemo-therapeutic agents. Two molecular biomarkers of treatment response are MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter methylation and IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) mutations, which prevent repair of tumor cell DNA damage caused by alkylating chemotherapy. The status of MGMT promoter methylation and IDH mutation are associated with longer survival and a better response to chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE Assess the prognostic value of MGMT methylation status and IDH mutation in adult Saudi glioblastoma patients. DESIGN Retrospective, comparative survival analysis. SETTING Tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS The status of the MGMT promoter methylation and IDH mutation was assessed in adult patients diagnosed with GB between 2006 and 2019. A PCR-based assay was used to analyze for methylation of the MGMT promoter. A qualitative assay combining PCR clamping and amplification refractory mutation system technology was used to search for any of the 12 most common mutations in IDH1 and IDH2. Differences in survival were compared between those with and without MGMT promoter methylation and IDH mutation and between other subgroups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Survival of GB patients relative to MGMT promoter methylation and IDH mutation status. SAMPLE SIZE 146 patients (80 males and 66 females). RESULTS Of 43 (29.5%) cases tested for MGMT promoter methylation, 14 (32.5%) were positive. Of 65 (44.5%) cases screened for IDH mutation, 6 cases (9.2%) tested positive. The 36-month survival rate was 47% for the MGMT methylated cohort compared to 27% for their unmethylated counterparts. The 18-month survival rate for the IDH-mutant was 75% compared to 48% for their IDH-wildtype counterparts. CONCLUSION The findings confirm the positive impact of both MGMT promoter methylation and IDH mutation on the overall survival of Saudi GB patients. LIMITATIONS Single institute study with relatively few tested cases. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Alassiri
- From the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alkhaibary
- From the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Al-Sarheed
- From the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Alsufani
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alharbi
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alkhani
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Aloraidi
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Choi Y, Ahn KJ, Nam Y, Jang J, Shin NY, Choi HS, Jung SL, Kim BS. Analysis of peritumoral hyperintensity on pre-operative T2-weighted MR images in glioblastoma: Additive prognostic value of Minkowski functionals. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217785. [PMID: 31150499 PMCID: PMC6544273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The extent of peritumoral tumor cell infiltrations in glioblastoma contributes to poor prognosis. We aimed to assess additive prognostic value of Minkowski functionals in analyzing heterogeneity of peritumoral hyperintensity on T2WI in glioblastoma patients. Methods Clinical data (age, sex, extent of surgical resection), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status and pre-operative T2WI of 113 pathologically confirmed glioblastoma patients (from our institution, n = 61; from the Cancer Imaging Archive, n = 52) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were randomly grouped into a training set (n = 80) and a test set (n = 33). Peritumoral T2 hyperintensity was manually segmented and Minkowski functionals—a texture analysis method capturing heterogeneity of MR images—were computed as a function of 11 grayscale thresholds. The Cox proportional hazards models were fitted with clinical variables, Minkowski functionals features as well as both combined. The risk prediction performances of the Minkowski functionals and combined models were validated on a separate test dataset. The sex-specific survival difference of the entire cohort was analyzed according to MGMT methylation status via Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results Thirty-three Minkowski features (11 area, 11 perimeter and 11 genus) for each patient were acquired giving a total of 3729 features. Cox regression models fitted with clinical data, Minkowski features, and both combined had incremental concordance indices of 0.577 (P = 0.02), 0.706 (P = 0.02) and 0.714 (P = 0.01) respectively. The prediction error rate of the combined model—having clinical and Minkowski features—was lower than that of Minkowski functionals model (0.135 and 0.161, respectively) when validated on a test dataset. No sex-specific survival difference was found according to MGMT methylation status (male, P = 0.2; female, P = 0.22). Conclusions Minkowski functionals features computed from peritumoral hyperintensity can capture heterogeneity of glioblastoma on T2WI and have additive prognostic value in predicting survival, demonstrating their potential in complementing currently available prognostic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsean Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kook Jin Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoonho Nam
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Jang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Shin
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Lyung Jung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum-soo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Ayoub Z, Geara F, Najjar M, Comair Y, Khoueiry-Zgheib N, Khoueiry P, Mahfouz R, Boulos FI, Kamar FG, Andraos T, Saadeh F, Kreidieh F, Abboud M, Skaf G, Assi HI. Prognostic significance of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH-1) mutation in glioblastoma multiforme patients: A single-center experience in the Middle East region. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 182:92-97. [PMID: 31108342 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and prognostic value of MGMT promoter methylation and IDH1 mutation in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients from the Middle East. PATIENTS AND METHODS Records of patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2015 were reviewed. MGMT promoter methylation was measured using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and IDH-1 mutation was reported. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 110 patients were included. The median age was 51 years and 71 patients (64.5%) were males. The median diameter of GBM was 4.6 cm and 29 patients (26.4%) had multifocal disease. Gross total resection was achieved in 38 patients (24.9%). All patients received adjuvant radiation therapy, and 96 patients (91.4%) received concomitant temozolomide. At a median follow up of 13.6 months, the median OS was 17.2 months, and the OS at 1 and 2 years were 71.6% and 34.8%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, age at diagnosis (HR 1.019; P = 0.044) and multifocality (HR 2.373; P = 0.001) were the only independent prognostic variables. MGMT promoter methylation was found in 28.2% of patients but did not significantly correlate with survival (HR 1.160; P = 0.635). IDH-1 mutation was found in 10% of patients was associated with a non-significant trend for survival improvement (HR 0.502; P = 0.151). CONCLUSION Patients with GBM from the Middle East have adequate survival outcomes when given the optimal treatment. In our patient population, MGMT promoter methylation did not seem to correlate with outcomes, but patients with IDH1 mutation had numerically higher survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Ayoub
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Fady Geara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Marwan Najjar
- Department of Surgery, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Youssef Comair
- Department of Surgery, Clemenceau Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nathalie Khoueiry-Zgheib
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Pierre Khoueiry
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Rami Mahfouz
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Fouad I Boulos
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Francois G Kamar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hemtaology-Oncology, Clemenceau Medical Center, Beirut Lebanon and Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Therese Andraos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Fadi Saadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Firas Kreidieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Miguel Abboud
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ghassan Skaf
- Department of Surgery, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hazem I Assi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, The American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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24
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Ventero MP, Fuentes-Baile M, Quereda C, Perez-Valeciano E, Alenda C, Garcia-Morales P, Esposito D, Dorado P, Manuel Barbera V, Saceda M. Radiotherapy resistance acquisition in Glioblastoma. Role of SOCS1 and SOCS3. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212581. [PMID: 30811476 PMCID: PMC6392282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a poor prognosis type of tumour due to its resistance to chemo and radiotherapy. SOCS1 and SOCS3 have been associated with tumour progression and response to treatments in different kinds of cancers, including GBM. In this study, cell lines of IDH-wildtype GBM from primary cultures were obtained, and the role of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in the radiotherapy response was analysed. Fifty-two brain aspirates from GBM patients were processed, and six new cell lines of IDH-wildtype GBM were established. These new cell lines were characterized according to the WHO classification of CNS tumours. SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression levels were determined, at mRNA level by Q-PCR, at protein level by immunocytochemistry, and Western blot analysis. The results showed that SOCS1 and SOCS3 are overexpressed in GBM, as compared to a non-tumoral brain RNA pool. SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression were reduced by siRNA, and it was found that SOCS3 inhibition increases radioresistance in GBM cell lines, suggesting a key role of SOCS3 in radioresistant acquisition. In addition, radioresistant clonal populations obtained by selective pressure on these cell cultures also showed a significant decrease in SOCS3 expression, while SOCS1 remained unchanged. Furthermore, the induction of SOCS3 expression, under a heterologous promoter, in a radiotherapy resistant GBM cell line increased its radiosensitivity, supporting an important implication of SOCS3 in radiotherapy resistance acquisition. Finally, the treatment with TSA in the most radioresistant established cell line produced an increase in the effect of radiotherapy, that correlated with an increase in the expression of SOCS3. These effects of TSA disappeared if the increase in the expression of SOCS3 prevented with an siRNA against SOCS3. Thus, SOCS3 signal transduction pathway (JAK/STAT) could be useful to unmask new putative targets to improve radiotherapy response in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paz Ventero
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO, Camí de l'Almazara, Elx (Alicante), Spain
| | - Maria Fuentes-Baile
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, C/ Maestro Alonso, Alicante (Alicante), Spain
| | - Cristina Quereda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante (Alicante), Spain
| | - Elizabeth Perez-Valeciano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Ed. Torregaitan, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Cristina Alenda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, C/ Maestro Alonso, Alicante (Alicante), Spain
| | - Pilar Garcia-Morales
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Ed. Torregaitan, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Danilo Esposito
- Unidad de Oncología Radioterápica, ERESA, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara, Elx (Alicante), Spain
| | - Pilar Dorado
- Unidad de Oncología Radioterápica, ERESA, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara, Elx (Alicante), Spain
| | - Victor Manuel Barbera
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO, Camí de l'Almazara, Elx (Alicante), Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante (Alicante), Spain
- * E-mail: (VMB); (MS)
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO, Camí de l'Almazara, Elx (Alicante), Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Ed. Torregaitan, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
- * E-mail: (VMB); (MS)
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25
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Yang K, Jung SW, Shin H, Lim DH, Lee JI, Kong DS, Seol HJ, Kim ST, Nam DH. Cancer genetic markers according to radiotherapeutic response in patients with primary glioblastoma – Radiogenomic approach for precision medicine. Radiother Oncol 2019; 131:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Ren XY, Wen X, Li YQ, Zhang J, He QM, Yang XJ, Tang XR, Wang YQ, Zhang PP, Chen XZ, Cheng B, Ma J, Liu N. TIPE3 hypermethylation correlates with worse prognosis and promotes tumor progression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:227. [PMID: 30217224 PMCID: PMC6137889 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence recognizes that DNA methylation abnormalities play critical roles in cancer development. Our previous genome-wide methylation profile showed that tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8 like 3 (TIPE3) was hypermethylated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the relationship between TIPE3 methylation and its mRNA expression, as well as its biological roles in NPC are unknown. Methods Bisulfite pyrosequencing and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to quantify the TIPE3 methylation and expression levels. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to estimate the correlation between TIPE3 methylation levels and survival in two patient cohorts collected from two hospitals (n = 441). The MTT, colony formation, Transwell migration and invasion assays, and xenograft tumor growth and lung metastatic colonization models were used to identify the functions of TIPE3 on NPC cells. Results We found that TIPE3 CpG island (CGI) was hypermethylated and its mRNA levels were downregulated in many cancers, including NPC. TIPE3 downregulation was associated with its CGI hypermethylation. Furthermore, NPC patients with high TIPE3 CGI methylation levels had poorer clinical outcomes than those with low methylation levels. The TIPE3 CGI methylation level was an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, restoring TIPE3 expression significantly inhibited NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth and lung metastatic colonization in vivo, while silencing TIPE3 acted in an opposite way. Conclusions TIPE3 downregulation correlates with its CGI hypermethylation in several solid cancers. TIPE3 acts as a tumor suppressor in NPC, providing a further insight into NPC progression and representing a potential prognostic biomarker for NPC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0881-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Mei He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ran Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Lee YY, Yarmishyn AA, Wang ML, Chen HY, Chiou SH, Yang YP, Lin CF, Huang PI, Chen YW, Ma HI, Chen MT. MicroRNA-142-3p is involved in regulation of MGMT expression in glioblastoma cells. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:775-785. [PMID: 29695934 PMCID: PMC5903834 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s157261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor, and there is no effective treatment strategy. Patients with GBM have a median overall survival of only 14.6 months. Current treatment consists of safe and maximal surgical excision, followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy. There are several obstacles that hinder the effectiveness of this aggressive treatment. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating drug that acts through alkylating the O6 position of guanine in DNA that leads to cell death. However, the expression and enzymatic activity of the DNA repair protein MGMT limits the therapeutic benefit from treatment with TMZ. MGMT reduces the efficacy of alkylating drugs by removing the methyl or alkyl group from damaged O6-methylguanine. Expression levels of MGMT play an important role in the outcome of GBM patients. miRNAs are a group of small regulatory RNAs that control target gene expression by binding to mRNAs. miR-142-3p has been found to be an important factor in the development and maintenance of the oncogenic state. Results In this study, we sought to investigate whether miR-142-3p can regulate MGMT gene expression in GBM cells. Here, we show that miR-142-3p downregulates MGMT expression through binding to the 3′-UTR of MGMT mRNA, thus affecting protein translation. Responsiveness to TMZ was significantly enhanced after transfection with miR-142-3p. Overexpression of miR-142-3p also sensitized GBM cells to alkylating drugs. Conclusion Above all, our findings demonstrate that miR-142-3p plays a critical role in regulating MGMT expression, has great potential for future clinical applications, and acts as a new diagnostic marker for this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yen Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Aliaksandr A Yarmishyn
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Hsiao-Yun Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University
| | - Chun-Fu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Pin-I Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University.,Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Division, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University.,Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Division, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Hsin-I Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Teh Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
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28
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Zhu P, Du XL, Lu G, Zhu JJ. Survival benefit of glioblastoma patients after FDA approval of temozolomide concomitant with radiation and bevacizumab: A population-based study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44015-44031. [PMID: 28467795 PMCID: PMC5546458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Few population-based analyses have investigated survival change in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients treated with concomitant radiotherapy-temozolomide (RT-TMZ) and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) and then bevacizumab (BEV) after Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, respectively. We aimed to explore the effects on survival with RT-TMZ, adjuvant TMZ and BEV in general GBM population based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) databases. A total of 28933 GBM patients from SEER (N = 24578) and TCR (N = 4355) between January 2000 and December 2013 were included. Patients were grouped into three calendar periods based on date of diagnosis: pre-RT-TMZ and pre-BEV (1/2000-2/2005, P1), post-RT-TMZ and pre-BEV (3/2005-4/2009, P2), and post-RT-TMZ and post-BEV (5/2009-12/2013, P3). The association between calendar period of diagnosis and survival was analyzed in SEER and TCR, separately, by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. We found a significant increase in median overall survival (OS) across the three periods in both populations. In multivariate models, the risk of death was significantly reduced during P2 and further decreased in P3, which remained unchanged after stratification. Comparison and validation analysis were performed in the combined dataset, and consistent results were observed. We conclude that the OS of GBM patients in a "real-world" setting has been steadily improved from January 2000 to December 2013, which likely resulted from the administrations of TMZ concomitant with RT and adjuvant TMZ for newly diagnosed GBM and then BEV for recurrent GBM after respective FDA approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, and Memorial Hermann at Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xianglin L Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangrong Lu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, and Memorial Hermann at Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, and Memorial Hermann at Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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29
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Schiffgens S, Wilkens L, Brandes AA, Meier T, Franceschi E, Ermani M, Hartmann C, Sandalcioglu IE, Dumitru CA. Sex-specific clinicopathological significance of novel (Frizzled-7) and established (MGMT, IDH1) biomarkers in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55169-55180. [PMID: 27409829 PMCID: PMC5342409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Wnt receptor Frizzled-7 (FZD7) promotes tumor progression and can be currently targeted by monoclonal antibody therapy. Here, we determined the prognostic value of FZD7 for the overall survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients, both as individual marker and taken in combination with the previously-described markers MGMT and IDH1. Additionally, we tested whether these markers (alone or in combination) exhibited sex-specific differences. Results High levels of FZD7 (FZD7high) associated with shorter survival in GBM patients; however, FZD7high was a significant predictor of poor survival only in male patients. Mutation of IDH1 significantly associated with longer survival in male but not female patients. Methylated MGMT promoter significantly associated with longer survival only in female patients. Combination of FZD7 with MGMT enhanced the prognostic accuracy and abrogated the sex differences observed upon single marker analysis. Combination of FZD7 with IDH1 was a significant predictor of survival in male GBM patients only. Materials and Methods Three independent cohorts of patients with primary GBM (n=120, n=108 and n=105, respectively) were included in this study. FZD7 and IDH1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays. MGMT promoter methylation was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier estimate, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard regression. Conclusions Our study identifies novel individual and combination markers with prognostic and, possibly, therapeutic relevance in GBM. Furthermore, our findings substantiate the importance of sexual dimorphism in this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludwig Wilkens
- Department of Pathology, Nordstadt Hospital Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alba A Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria Hospital, AUSL-IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tatiana Meier
- Department of Pathology, Nordstadt Hospital Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria Hospital, AUSL-IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Ermani
- Department of Neurosciences, Statistics and Informatics Unit, University Hospital Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Claudia A Dumitru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nordstadt Hospital Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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30
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Survival kinase genes present prognostic significance in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20140-51. [PMID: 26956052 PMCID: PMC4991443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer biomarkers with a strong predictive power for diagnosis/prognosis and a potential to be therapeutic targets have not yet been fully established. Here we employed a loss-of-function screen in glioblastoma (GBM), an infiltrative brain tumor with a dismal prognosis, and identified 20 survival kinase genes (SKGs). Survival analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets revealed that the expression of CDCP1, CDKL5, CSNK1E, IRAK3, LATS2, PRKAA1, STK3, TBRG4, and ULK4 stratified GBM prognosis with or without temozolomide (TMZ) treatment as a covariate. For the first time, we found that GBM patients with a high level of NEK9 and PIK3CB had a greater chance of having recurrent tumors. The expression of CDCP1, IGF2R, IRAK3, LATS2, PIK3CB, ULK4, or VRK1 in primary GBM tumors was associated with recurrence-related prognosis. Notably, the level of PIK3CB in recurrent tumors was much higher than that in newly diagnosed ones. Congruent with these results, genes in the PI3K/AKT pathway showed a significantly strong correlation with recurrence rate, further highlighting the pivotal role of PIK3CB in the disease progression. Importantly, 17 SKGs together presented a novel GBM prognostic signature. SKGs identified herein are associated with recurrence rate and present prognostic significance in GBM, thereby becoming attractive therapeutic targets.
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31
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Alonso D, Matallanas M, Riveros-Pérez A, Pérez-Payo M, Blanco S. [Prognostic and predictive factors in high-grade gliomas. Experience at our institution]. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2017; 28:276-283. [PMID: 28965807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucir.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and analyse predictive and prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) in high-grade gliomas at our institution. MATERIAL AND METHOD All patients diagnosed with grade iii (GIII) or grade iv (GIV) gliomas (excluding oligodendrogliomas, oligoastrocytomas or infratentorial gliomas) were prospectively included from November 2010 to August 2014. All were treated with surgery followed by adjuvant radiochemotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the statistical analysis, considering a P value ˂.05 to be significant. RESULTS 89 patients were studied (18 GIII and 71 GIV). The average age was 60 years and 55% were men. The mean Karnofsky score was 80%. The most common location was the frontal lobe (38%). A total of 65% were partial resections. Complete chemotherapy was administered to 74% and complete RT to 83% of patients. Mean OS was 26.8±8.3 months for GIII and 12.5±1 month for GIV. 72 had died by the end of this study. A total of 40% of patients had MGMT methylation, 7% IDH1 mutation and 47% EGFR amplification. Statistically significant variables for OS were: GIII (P=.020), age ˂70 years (P=.040), ˂65 years (P=.013) and ˂60 years (P=.003), Karnofsky ≥70% (P=.029), complete radiotherapy (P=.000), complete resection (P=.001), MGMT methylation (P=.042), IDH1 mutation (P=.007) and EGFR non-amplification (P=.034). Additionally, GIII and GIV subgroups were independently analysed. In GIII, the only significant biomarker for OS was IDH1 mutation, while in GIV, MGMT methylation (P=.023) was significant. Age ≥70 years old was a significant factor in the GIII-subgroup (P=.040) but not for GIV (P=.166). CONCLUSIONS Data are in line with previous studies, with the exception of age, which does not appear to be significant in GIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Alonso
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, España.
| | - Manuel Matallanas
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, España
| | - Alba Riveros-Pérez
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España
| | - Maripaz Pérez-Payo
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, España
| | - Sonia Blanco
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, España
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Central nervous system gliomas. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 113:213-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Current Status and Future Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8013575. [PMID: 28316990 PMCID: PMC5337853 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8013575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary neuroepithelial tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by an extremely aggressive clinical phenotype. Patients with GBM have a poor prognosis and only 3–5% of them survive for more than 5 years. The current GBM treatment standards include maximal resection followed by radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant therapies. Despite these aggressive therapeutic regimens, the majority of patients suffer recurrence due to molecular heterogeneity of GBM. Consequently, a number of potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers have been investigated. Some of them, such as IDH mutations, 1p19q deletion, MGMT promoter methylation, and EGFRvIII amplification are frequently tested in routine clinical practice. With the development of sequencing technology, detailed characterization of GBM molecular signatures has facilitated a more personalized therapeutic approach and contributed to the development of a new generation of anti-GBM therapies such as molecular inhibitors targeting growth factor receptors, vaccines, antibody-based drug conjugates, and more recently inhibitors blocking the immune checkpoints. In this article, we review the exciting progress towards elucidating the potential of current and novel GBM biomarkers and discuss their implications for clinical practice.
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Smrdel U, Popovic M, Zwitter M, Bostjancic E, Zupan A, Kovac V, Glavac D, Bokal D, Jerebic J. Long-term survival in glioblastoma: methyl guanine methyl transferase (MGMT) promoter methylation as independent favourable prognostic factor. Radiol Oncol 2016; 50:394-401. [PMID: 27904447 PMCID: PMC5120572 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2015-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In spite of significant improvement after multi-modality treatment, prognosis of most patients with glioblastoma remains poor. Standard clinical prognostic factors (age, gender, extent of surgery and performance status) do not clearly predict long-term survival. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate immuno-histochemical and genetic characteristics of the tumour as additional prognostic factors in glioblastoma. Patients and methods Long-term survivor group were 40 patients with glioblastoma with survival longer than 30 months. Control group were 40 patients with shorter survival and matched to the long-term survivor group according to the clinical prognostic factors. All patients underwent multimodality treatment with surgery, postoperative conformal radiotherapy and temozolomide during and after radiotherapy. Biopsy samples were tested for the methylation of MGMT promoter (with methylation specific polymerase chain reaction), IDH1 (with immunohistochemistry), IDH2, CDKN2A and CDKN2B (with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification), and 1p and 19q mutations (with fluorescent in situ hybridization). Results Methylation of MGMT promoter was found in 95% and in 36% in the long-term survivor and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). IDH1 R132H mutated patients had a non-significant lower risk of dying from glioblastoma (p = 0.437), in comparison to patients without this mutation. Other mutations were rare, with no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions Molecular and genetic testing offers additional prognostic and predictive information for patients with glioblastoma. The most important finding of our analysis is that in the absence of MGMT promoter methylation, longterm survival is very rare. For patients without this mutation, alternative treatments should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Smrdel
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mara Popovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Emanuela Bostjancic
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Zupan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viljem Kovac
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Glavac
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Drago Bokal
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Janja Jerebic
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Slovenia
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Smith AW, Parashar B, Wernicke AG. Subventricular zone-associated glioblastoma: A call for translational research to guide clinical decision making. NEUROGENESIS 2016; 3:e1225548. [PMID: 27900341 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2016.1225548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is both the most common and the most devastating primary cancer of the central nervous system, with an expected overall survival in most patients of about 14 months. Despite extensive research, outcomes for GBM have been largely unchanged since the introduction of temozolomide in 2005. We believe that in order to achieve a breakthrough in therapeutic management, we must begin to identify subtypes of GBM, and tailor treatment to best target a particular tumor's vulnerabilities. Our group has recently produced an examination of the clinical outcomes of radiation therapy directed at tumors that contact the subventricular zone (SVZ), the 3-5 mm lateral border of the lateral ventricles that contains the largest collection of neural stem cells in the adult brain. We find that SVZ-associated tumors have worse progression free and overall survival than tumors that do not contact the SVZ, and that they exhibit unique recurrence and migration patterns. However, with minimal basic science research into SVZ-associated GBM, it is currently impossible to determine if the clinicobehavioral uniqueness of this group of tumors represents a true disease subtype from a genetic perspective. We believe that further translational research into SVZ-associated GBM is needed to establish a therapeutic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Smith
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bhupesh Parashar
- Stitch Radiation Oncology, Weill-Cornell Medical College/New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, NY, USA
| | - A Gabriella Wernicke
- Stitch Radiation Oncology, Weill-Cornell Medical College/New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
More than 250,000 new cases of primary malignant brain tumors are diagnosed annually worldwide, 77% of which are gliomas. A small proportion of gliomas are caused by the inheritance of rare high-penetrance genetic variants or high-dose radiation. Since 2009, inherited genetic variants in 10 regions near eight different genes have been consistently associated with glioma risk via genome-wide association studies. Most of these variants increase glioma risk by 20-40%, but two have higher relative risks. One on chromosome 8 increases risk of IDH-mutated gliomas sixfold and another that affects TP53 function confers a 2.5-fold increased risk of glioma. Functions of some of the other risk variants are known or suspected, but future research will determine functions of other risk loci. Recent progress also has been made in defining subgroups of glioma based on acquired alterations within tumors. Allergy history has been consistently associated with reduced glioma risk, though the mechanisms have not yet been clarified. Future studies will need to be large enough so that environmental and constitutive genetic risk factors can be examined within molecularly defined, etiologically homogeneous subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Walsh
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco and UCSF Helen Diller Family Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hiroko Ohgaki
- Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Margaret R Wrensch
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco and UCSF Helen Diller Family Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Kalkan R, Atli Eİ, Özdemir M, Çiftçi E, Aydin HE, Artan S, Arslantaş A. IDH1 mutations is prognostic marker for primary glioblastoma multiforme but MGMT hypermethylation is not prognostic for primary glioblastoma multiforme. Gene 2015; 554:81-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system malignancy in adults and most are high grade. Although current morphologic classification by the World Health Organization provides considerable information, significant variability continues to exist in each diagnostic category. Recent molecular advances define distinct molecular signatures and elucidate gliomagenesis pathways, leading to alternative methods for subclassification beyond morphology alone. In addition, each newly described molecular aberration represents a potential new biomarker with variable diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value for further guiding patient management. In this review, we summarize the most commonly used genetic biomarkers in the workup of adult high-grade gliomas.
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Ostrom QT, Bauchet L, Davis FG, Deltour I, Fisher JL, Langer CE, Pekmezci M, Schwartzbaum JA, Turner MC, Walsh KM, Wrensch MR, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. The epidemiology of glioma in adults: a "state of the science" review. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:896-913. [PMID: 24842956 PMCID: PMC4057143 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1423] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor, representing 81% of malignant brain tumors. Although relatively rare, they cause significant mortality and morbidity. Glioblastoma, the most common glioma histology (∼45% of all gliomas), has a 5-year relative survival of ∼5%. A small portion of these tumors are caused by Mendelian disorders, including neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Genomic analyses of glioma have also produced new evidence about risk and prognosis. Recently discovered biomarkers that indicate improved survival include O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase methylation, isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation, and a glioma cytosine-phosphate-guanine island methylator phenotype. Genome-wide association studies have identified heritable risk alleles within 7 genes that are associated with increased risk of glioma. Many risk factors have been examined as potential contributors to glioma risk. Most significantly, these include an increase in risk by exposure to ionizing radiation and a decrease in risk by history of allergies or atopic disease(s). The potential influence of occupational exposures and cellular phones has also been examined, with inconclusive results. We provide a “state of the science” review of current research into causes and risk factors for gliomas in adults.
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Abstract
Diffuse astrocytomas (DAs) represent less than 10% of all gliomas. They are diffusely infiltrating World Health Organization (WHO) grade II neoplasms that have a median survival in the range of 5-7 years, generally with a terminal phase in which they undergo malignant transformation to glioblastoma (GBM). The goals of treatment in addition to prolonging survival are therefore to prevent progression and malignant transformation, as well as optimally managing symptoms, primarily tumor-associated epilepsy. Available data suggest that the course of this disease is only minimally impacted by adjuvant therapies and that there does not seem to be much difference in terms of outcome of whether patients are treated in the adjuvant setting with irradiation or chemotherapy. We review the experience with chemotherapy as a treatment modality and offer some guidelines for its usage and discuss medical management of arising symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrazag Ajlan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lawrence Recht
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
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COLD-PCR amplification of bisulfite-converted DNA allows the enrichment and sequencing of rare un-methylated genomic regions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94103. [PMID: 24728321 PMCID: PMC3984089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant hypo-methylation of DNA is evident in a range of human diseases including cancer and diabetes. Development of sensitive assays capable of detecting traces of un-methylated DNA within methylated samples can be useful in several situations. Here we describe a new approach, fast-COLD-MS-PCR, which amplifies preferentially un-methylated DNA sequences. By employing an appropriate denaturation temperature during PCR of bi-sulfite converted DNA, fast-COLD-MS-PCR enriches un-methylated DNA and enables differential melting analysis or bisulfite sequencing. Using methylation on the MGMT gene promoter as a model, it is shown that serial dilutions of controlled methylation samples lead to the reliable sequencing of un-methylated sequences down to 0.05% un-methylated-to-methylated DNA. Screening of clinical glioma tumor and infant blood samples demonstrated that the degree of enrichment of un-methylated over methylated DNA can be modulated by the choice of denaturation temperature, providing a convenient method for analysis of partially methylated DNA or for revealing and sequencing traces of un-methylated DNA. Fast-COLD-MS-PCR can be useful for the detection of loss of methylation/imprinting in cancer, diabetes or diet-related methylation changes.
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Bangiyev L, Rossi Espagnet MC, Young R, Shepherd T, Knopp E, Friedman K, Boada F, Fatterpekar GM. Adult Brain Tumor Imaging: State of the Art. Semin Roentgenol 2014; 49:39-52. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cancer development, progression, and therapy: an epigenetic overview. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21087-113. [PMID: 24152442 PMCID: PMC3821660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141021087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis involves uncontrolled cell growth, which follows the activation of oncogenes and/or the deactivation of tumor suppression genes. Metastasis requires down-regulation of cell adhesion receptors necessary for tissue-specific, cell-cell attachment, as well as up-regulation of receptors that enhance cell motility. Epigenetic changes, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and DNA hydroxymethylation, can modify these characteristics. Targets for these epigenetic changes include signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis and autophagy, as well as microRNA. We propose that predisposed normal cells convert to cancer progenitor cells that, after growing, undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This process, which is partially under epigenetic control, can create a metastatic form of both progenitor and full-fledged cancer cells, after which metastasis to a distant location may occur. Identification of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms has provided potential therapeutic avenues. In particular, epigenetic drugs appear to potentiate the action of traditional therapeutics, often by demethylating and re-expressing tumor suppressor genes to inhibit tumorigenesis. Epigenetic drugs may inhibit both the formation and growth of cancer progenitor cells, thus reducing the recurrence of cancer. Adopting epigenetic alteration as a new hallmark of cancer is a logical and necessary step that will further encourage the development of novel epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutics.
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