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Higa GSV, Viana FJC, Francis-Oliveira J, Cruvinel E, Franchin TS, Marcourakis T, Ulrich H, De Pasquale R. Serotonergic neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110036. [PMID: 38876308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity constitutes a fundamental process in the reorganization of neural networks that underlie memory, cognition, emotional responses, and behavioral planning. At the core of this phenomenon lie Hebbian mechanisms, wherein frequent synaptic stimulation induces long-term potentiation (LTP), while less activation leads to long-term depression (LTD). The synaptic reorganization of neuronal networks is regulated by serotonin (5-HT), a neuromodulator capable of modify synaptic plasticity to appropriately respond to mental and behavioral states, such as alertness, attention, concentration, motivation, and mood. Lately, understanding the serotonergic Neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity has become imperative for unraveling its impact on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions. Through a comparative analysis across three main forebrain structures-the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, this review discusses the actions of 5-HT on synaptic plasticity, offering insights into its role as a neuromodulator involved in emotional and cognitive functions. By distinguishing between plastic and metaplastic effects, we provide a comprehensive overview about the mechanisms of 5-HT neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity and associated functions across different brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (USP), Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe José Costa Viana
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - José Francis-Oliveira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Emily Cruvinel
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thainá Soares Franchin
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (USP), Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto De Pasquale
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Barbour AJ, Gourmaud S, Lancaster E, Li X, Stewart DA, Hoag KF, Irwin DJ, Talos DM, Jensen FE. Seizures exacerbate excitatory: inhibitory imbalance in Alzheimer's disease and 5XFAD mice. Brain 2024; 147:2169-2184. [PMID: 38662500 PMCID: PMC11146435 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 22% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients suffer from seizures, and the co-occurrence of seizures and epileptiform activity exacerbates AD pathology and related cognitive deficits, suggesting that seizures may be a targetable component of AD progression. Given that alterations in neuronal excitatory:inhibitory (E:I) balance occur in epilepsy, we hypothesized that decreased markers of inhibition relative to those of excitation would be present in AD patients. We similarly hypothesized that in 5XFAD mice, the E:I imbalance would progress from an early stage (prodromal) to later symptomatic stages and be further exacerbated by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling. Post-mortem AD temporal cortical tissues from patients with or without seizure history were examined for changes in several markers of E:I balance, including levels of the inhibitory GABAA receptor, the sodium potassium chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and the excitatory NMDA and AMPA type glutamate receptors. We performed patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings from CA1 neurons in hippocampal slices and examined the same markers of E:I balance in prodromal 5XFAD mice. We next examined 5XFAD mice at chronic stages, after PTZ or control protocols, and in response to chronic mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, administered following kindled seizures, for markers of E:I balance. We found that AD patients with comorbid seizures had worsened cognitive and functional scores and decreased GABAA receptor subunit expression, as well as increased NKCC1/KCC2 ratios, indicative of depolarizing GABA responses. Patch clamp recordings of prodromal 5XFAD CA1 neurons showed increased intrinsic excitability, along with decreased GABAergic inhibitory transmission and altered glutamatergic neurotransmission, indicating that E:I imbalance may occur in early disease stages. Furthermore, seizure induction in prodromal 5XFAD mice led to later dysregulation of NKCC1/KCC2 and a reduction in GluA2 AMPA glutamate receptor subunit expression, indicative of depolarizing GABA receptors and calcium permeable AMPA receptors. Finally, we found that chronic treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, at doses we have previously shown to attenuate seizure-induced amyloid-β pathology and cognitive deficits, could also reverse elevations of the NKCC1/KCC2 ratio in these mice. Our data demonstrate novel mechanisms of interaction between AD and epilepsy and indicate that targeting E:I balance, potentially with US Food and Drug Administration-approved mTOR inhibitors, hold therapeutic promise for AD patients with a seizure history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Barbour
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Gourmaud
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eunjoo Lancaster
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A Stewart
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Keegan F Hoag
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Delia M Talos
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frances E Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Bhandare A, Haley M, Torrico Anderson V, Domingos LB, Lopes M, Corrêa SAL, Wall MJ. ArcKR expression modifies synaptic plasticity following epileptic activity: Differential effects with in vitro and in vivo seizure-induction protocols. Epilepsia 2024. [PMID: 38804501 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pathological forms of neural activity, such as epileptic seizures, modify the expression pattern of multiple proteins, leading to persistent changes in brain function. One such protein is activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc), which is critically involved in protein-synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory. In the present study, we have investigated how the expression of ArcKR, a form of Arc in which the ubiquitination sites have been mutated, resulting in slowed Arc degradation, modifies group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated long-term depression (G1-mGluR-LTD) following seizures. METHODS We used a knock-in mice line that express ArcKR and two hyperexcitation models: an in vitro model, where hippocampal slices were exposed to zero Mg2+, 6 mM K+; and an in vivo model, where kainic acid was injected unilaterally into the hippocampus. In both models, field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded from the CA1 region of hippocampal slices in response to Schaffer collateral stimulation and G1-mGluR-LTD was induced chemically with the group 1 mGluR agonist DHPG. RESULTS In the in vitro model, ArcKR expression enhanced the effects of seizure activity and increased the magnitude of G1-mGluR LTD, an effect that could be blocked with the mGluR5 antagonist MTEP. In the in vivo model, fEPSPs were significantly smaller in slices from ArcKR mice and were less contaminated by population spikes. In this model, the amount of G1-mGluR-LTD was significantly less in epileptic slices from ArcKR mice as compared to wildtype (WT) mice. SIGNIFICANCE We have shown that expression of ArcKR, a form of Arc in which degradation is reduced, significantly modulates the magnitude of G1-mGluR-LTD following epileptic seizures. However, the effect of ArcKR on LTD depends on the epileptic model used, with enhancement of LTD in an in vitro model and a reduction in the kainate mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Bhandare
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Maisy Haley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Luana B Domingos
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Marcia Lopes
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Sonia A L Corrêa
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Aksu S, Indahlastari A, O'Shea A, Marsiske M, Cohen R, Alexander GE, DeKosky ST, Hishaw GA, Dai Y, Wu SS, Woods AJ. Facilitation of working memory capacity by transcranial direct current stimulation: a secondary analysis from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults (ACT) study. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01205-0. [PMID: 38789832 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a public health concern with an ever-increasing magnitude worldwide. An array of neuroscience-based approaches like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training have garnered attention in the last decades to ameliorate the effects of cognitive aging in older adults. This study evaluated the effects of 3 months of bilateral tDCS over the frontal cortices with multimodal cognitive training on working memory capacity. Two hundred ninety-two older adults without dementia were allocated to active or sham tDCS paired with cognitive training. These participants received repeated sessions of bilateral tDCS over the bilateral frontal cortices, combined with multimodal cognitive training. Working memory capacity was assessed with the digit span forward, backward, and sequencing tests. No baseline differences between active and sham groups were observed. Multiple linear regressions indicated more improvement of the longest digit span backward from baseline to post-intervention (p = 0.021) and a trend towards greater improvement (p = 0.056) of the longest digit span backward from baseline to 1 year in the active tDCS group. No significant between-group changes were observed for digit span forward or digit span sequencing. The present results provide evidence for the potential for tDCS paired with cognitive training to remediate age-related declines in working memory capacity. These findings are sourced from secondary outcomes in a large randomized clinical trial and thus deserve future targeted investigation in older adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Aksu
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.
| | - Aprinda Indahlastari
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew O'Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Samuel S Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Sims SK, Saddow M, McGonegal L, Sims-Robinson C. Intranasal Administration of BDNF Improves Recovery and Promotes Neural Plasticity in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Hypoxic Ischemia. Exp Neurobiol 2024; 33:25-35. [PMID: 38471802 PMCID: PMC10938072 DOI: 10.5607/en23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefit of intranasal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) treatment on cognitive function in a neonatal postnatal day 7 (P7) mouse model of hypoxic ischemia (HI) was explored. Intranasal delivery is attractive in that it can promote widespread distribution of BDNF within both the brain and spinal cord. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of intranasal BDNF to improve cognitive recovery following HI. HI is induced via ligation of the right carotid artery followed by a 45-minute exposure to an 8% oxygen/ 92% nitrogen mixture in an enclosed chamber. Male and female pups were subjected to a 2-hour hypothermia in a temperature-controlled chamber as a standard of care. A solution of saline (control) or recombinant human BDNF (Harlan Laboratories) was administered with a Gilson pipette at the same time each day for 7 days into each nasal cavity in awake mice beginning 24 hours after HI. We evaluated cognitive recovery using the novel object recognition (NOR) and western analysis to analyze neuro-markers and brain health such as synaptophysin and microtubule associated protein -2 (MAP2). The objective of this study was to evaluate the role and therapeutic potential of BDNF in neonatal HI recovery. Our results indicate that intranasal BDNF delivered within 24 hours after HI improved object discrimination at both 28 and 42 days after HI. Our results also demonstrate increased synaptophysin and MAP2 at day 42 in HI animals that received intranasal BDNF treatment compared to HI animals that were administered saline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena-Kaye Sims
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Madelynne Saddow
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Lilly McGonegal
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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Farcas A, Hindmarch C, Iftene F. BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphisms as a predictor for clinical presentation in schizophrenia - recent findings. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1234220. [PMID: 37886115 PMCID: PMC10598753 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1234220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable, severe psychiatric disorder that involves dysfunctions in thinking, emotions, and behavior, with a profound impact on a person's ability to function normally in their daily life. Research efforts continue to focus on elucidating possible genetic underlying mechanisms of the disorder. Although the genetic loci identified to date to be significantly associated with schizophrenia risk do not represent disease-causing factors, each one of them could be seen as a possible incremental contributor. Considering the importance of finding new and more efficient pharmacological approaches to target the complex symptomatology of this disorder, in this scoping review, we are focusing on the most recent findings in studies aiming to elucidate the contribution of one of the genetic factors involved - the BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphisms. Here we performed a systematic search in Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases with the search terms: (BDNF gene polymorphism) AND (schizophrenia) for articles published in the last 5 years. To be selected for this review, articles had to report on studies where genotyping for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was performed in participants diagnosed with schizophrenia (or schizophrenia spectrum disorders or first-episode psychosis). The search provided 35 results from Pubmed, 134 results from Embase, and 118 results from the Web of Science database. Twenty-two articles were selected to be included in this review, all reporting on studies where an implication of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms in the disorder's pathophysiology was sought to be elucidated. These studies looked at BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism variants, their interactions with other genes of interest, and different facets of the illness. The Met/Met genotype was found to be associated with higher PANSS positive scores. Furthermore, Met/Met homozygous individuals appear to present with worse cognitive function and lower levels of serum BDNF. In the Val/Val genotype carriers, increased BDNF levels were found to correlate with weight gain under Risperidone treatment. However, due to heterogeneous results, the diversity in study populations and studies' small sample sizes, generalizations cannot be made. Our findings emphasize the need for further research dedicated to clarifying the role of gene polymorphisms in antipsychotic treatment to enhance specificity and efficacy in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Farcas
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Hindmarch
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit, Translational Institute of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Felicia Iftene
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Glucocorticoid-Responsive Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) and Its Inhibitor Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1): Relevance in Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054496. [PMID: 36901924 PMCID: PMC10003592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressful events trigger a set of complex biological responses which follow a bell-shaped pattern. Low-stress conditions have been shown to elicit beneficial effects, notably on synaptic plasticity together with an increase in cognitive processes. In contrast, overly intense stress can have deleterious behavioral effects leading to several stress-related pathologies such as anxiety, depression, substance use, obsessive-compulsive and stressor- and trauma-related disorders (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD in the case of traumatic events). Over a number of years, we have demonstrated that in response to stress, glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) in the hippocampus mediate a molecular shift in the balance between the expression of the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and its own inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) proteins. Interestingly, a shift in favor of PAI-1 was responsible for PTSD-like memory induction. In this review, after describing the biological system involving GCs, we highlight the key role of tPA/PAI-1 imbalance observed in preclinical and clinical studies associated with the emergence of stress-related pathological conditions. Thus, tPA/PAI-1 protein levels could be predictive biomarkers of the subsequent onset of stress-related disorders, and pharmacological modulation of their activity could be a potential new therapeutic approach for these debilitating conditions.
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Sharma V, Singh TG, Kaur A, Mannan A, Dhiman S. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Novel Dynamically Regulated Therapeutic Modulator in Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:317-339. [PMID: 36308619 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The growth factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase receptor type B (TrkB) play an active role in numerous areas of the adult brain, where they regulate the neuronal activity, function, and survival. Upregulation and downregulation of BDNF expression are critical for the physiology of neuronal circuits and functioning in the brain. Loss of BDNF function has been reported in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorders. This article reviews the BDNF gene structure, transport, secretion, expression and functions in the brain. This article also implicates BDNF in several brain-related disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, epilepsy and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerta Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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Aksu S, Hasırcı Bayır BR, Sayman C, Soyata AZ, Boz G, Karamürsel S. Working memory ımprovement after transcranial direct current stimulation paired with working memory training ın diabetic peripheral neuropathy. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36630270 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2164717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Association of cognitive deficits and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is frequent. Working memory (WM) deficits result in impairment of daily activities, diminished functionality, and treatment compliance. Mounting evidence suggests that transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with concurrent working memory training (WMT) ameliorates cognitive deficits. Emboldening results of tDCS were shown in DPN. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) coupled with cathodal right DLPFC with concurrent WMT in DPN for the first time. The present randomized triple-blind parallel-group sham-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of 5 sessions of tDCS over the DLPFC concurrent with WMT in 28 individuals with painful DPN on cognitive (primary) and pain-related, psychiatric outcome measures before, immediately after, and 1-month after treatment protocol. tDCS enhanced the efficacy of WMT on working memory and yielded lower anxiety levels than sham tDCS but efficacy was not superior to sham on other cognitive domains, pain severity, quality of life, and depression. tDCS with concurrent WMT enhanced WM and ameliorated anxiety in DPN without affecting other cognitive and pain-related outcomes. Further research scrutinizing the short/long-term efficacy with larger samples is accredited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Aksu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Türkiye
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Buse Rahime Hasırcı Bayır
- Department of Neurology, Health Sciences University, Haydarpaşa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ceyhun Sayman
- Translational Neurodevelopmental Neuroscience Phd Programme, Institute of Health Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Zihni Soyata
- Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Başakşehir State Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökalp Boz
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sacit Karamürsel
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Salami M, Soheili M. The microbiota-gut- hippocampus axis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1065995. [PMID: 36620458 PMCID: PMC9817109 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1065995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is well known that the intestinal bacteria substantially affect physiological processes in many body organs. Especially, through a bidirectional communication called as gut-microbiota-brain axis, the gut microbiota deeply influences development and function of the nervous system. Hippocampus, as a part of medial temporal lobe, is known to be involved in cognition, emotion, and anxiety. Growing evidence indicates that the hippocampus is a target of the gut microbiota. We used a broad search linking the hippocampus with the gut microbiota and probiotics. Methods All experimental studies and clinical trials published until end of 2021 were reviewed. Influence of the gut microbiota on the behavioral, electrophysiological, biochemical and histological aspects of the hippocampus were evaluated in this review. Results The effect of disrupted gut microbiota and probiotic supplements on the microbiota-hippocampus link is also considered. Studies show that a healthy gut microbiota is necessary for normal hippocampus dependent learning and memory and synaptic plasticity. The known current mechanisms are production and modulation of neurotrophins, neurotransmitters and receptors, regulation of intracellular molecular processes, normalizing the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory and oxidative/antioxidant factors, and histological stability of the hippocampus. Activity of the hippocampal neuronal circuits as well as behavioral functions of the hippocampus positively respond to different mixtures of probiotic bacteria. Discussion Growing evidence from animal researches indicate a close association between the hippocampus with the gut microbiota and probiotic bacteria as well. However, human studies and clinical trials verifying such a link are scant. Since the most of papers on this topic have been published over the past 3 years, intensive future research awaits.
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Wu Z, Huang J, Bai X, Wang Q, Wang F, Xu J, Tang H, Yin C, Wang Y, Yu F, Zhang H. Ginsenoside-Rg1 mitigates cardiac arrest-induced cognitive damage by modulating neuroinflammation and hippocampal plasticity. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175431. [PMID: 36463944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside-Rg1 can effectively ameliorate mental disorders, but whether ginsenoside-Rg1 plays a neuroprotective role in cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR)-induced cognitive impairment remains unclear. In this study, a 5-min asphyxia-based CA/CPR rat model was established to explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 (40 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip, 14 days) on its cognitive alterations. These CA/CPR rats displayed spatial learning and memory impairment in the Morris water maze, as reflected in the compromised basal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) at the Schaffer collateral of hippocampal CA1 area in vivo electrophysiology, whereas the ginsenoside-Rg1 remarkably mitigated these alterations. Next, we found that ginsenoside-Rg1 inhibited hippocampal neuroinflammation by alleviating the CA/CPR-induced hippocampal activation of microglia and astrocytes and the overexpression of related proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, ginsenoside-Rg1 improved CA/CPR-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, dendritic spines and synaptic ultrastructure defects as associated with the upregulation of the key synaptic regulatory proteins. Furthermore, ginsenoside-Rg1 could ameliorate CA/CPR-induced aberrant expression of the key regulators of hippocampal glutamate signaling pathways, excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1), Glutamine Synthetase (GS), GluN2B, and glutamate. In conclusion, ginsenoside-Rg1 exerts its neuroprotective effects by ameliorating hippocampus-dependent neuroglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity deficits, shedding new light on the therapeutic intervention of CA/CPR-related cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbi Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaojie Bai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qunan Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Huiping Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China; Auditory Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Chunying Yin
- Cryo-EM Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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12
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Riyahi J, Abdoli B, Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Khatami L, Meftahi GH, Haghparast A. Multigenerational effects of paternal spatial training are lasting in the F1 and F2 male offspring. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:342-354. [PMID: 35502983 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on intergenerational transmission of learning and memory performances demonstrated that parental spatial training before fertilization could facilitate learning and memory in the offspring, but many questions remain unclarified. Essential issues regarding whether and how long the effects of parental training in a task can last in several generations, and whether learning a task repeated in the successive generations can enhance a load of multigenerational effects. In the present study, the spatial performances of F1 and F2 generations of male offspring of fathers or grandfathers spatially trained in the Morris Water Maze were evaluated and compared with the performance of a control sample matched for age and sex. Further, to investigate the memory process in F1 and F2 male offspring, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), p-ERK1/2 and acetylated histone 3 lysine 14 (H3K14) expression levels in the hippocampus were analyzed. The findings showed that paternal training reduced escape latencies and increased time spent in the target quadrant by F1 and F2 male offspring. Besides, paternal spatial training repeated in two generations did not enhance the beneficial effects on offspring's spatial performances. These findings were supported by neurobiologic data showing that paternal training increased BDNF and p-ERK1/2 in the hippocampus of F1 and F2 male offspring. Furthermore, the hippocampal level of acetylated H3K14 increased in the offspring of spatially trained fathers, reinforcing the hypothesis that the augmented histone acetylation might play an essential role in the inheritance of spatial competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Riyahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
| | - Behrouz Abdoli
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Leila Khatami
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Tomadesso C, de Lizarrondo SM, Ali C, Landeau B, Mézenge F, Perrotin A, de La Sayette V, Vivien D, Chételat G. Plasma Levels of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator (tPA) in Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Links With Cognition, Brain Structure, Brain Function and Amyloid Burden. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:871214. [PMID: 35747448 PMCID: PMC9211060 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.871214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a protease known for its fibrinolytic action but is also involved in physiological and pathophysiological aging processes; including amyloid elimination and synaptic plasticity. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of tPA in cognitive and brain aging. Therefore, we assessed the links between tPA plasma concentration and cognition, structural MRI, FDG-PET and Flobetapir-PET neuroimaging in 155 cognitively unimpaired adults (CUA, aged 20-85 years old) and 32 patients with Alzheimer's disease (ALZ). A positive correlation was found between tPA and age in CUA (p < 0.001), with males showing higher tPA than females (p = 0.05). No significant difference was found between ALZ patients and cognitively unimpaired elders (CUE). Plasma tPA in CUA negatively correlated with global brain volume. No correlation was found with brain FDG metabolism or amyloid deposition. Age-related tPA changes were associated to changes in blood pressure, glycemia and body mass index. Within the ALZ patients, tPA didn't correlate with any cognitive or neuroimaging measures, but only with physiological measures. Altogether our study suggests that increased tPA plasma concentration with age is related to neuronal alterations and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Tomadesso
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, PHIND, Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandy Institute, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, PHIND, Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandy Institute, Caen, France
| | - Carine Ali
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, PHIND, Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandy Institute, Caen, France
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, PHIND, Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandy Institute, Caen, France
| | - Florence Mézenge
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, PHIND, Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandy Institute, Caen, France
| | - Audrey Perrotin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, PHIND, Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandy Institute, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de La Sayette
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, PHIND, Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandy Institute, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, PHIND, Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandy Institute, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, PHIND, Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandy Institute, Caen, France
- *Correspondence: Gaël Chételat
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14
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Zhang Q, Zheng L, Su G, Luo D, Huang M, Feng Y, Zhao M. Peptide WCPFSRSF ameliorates excitotoxicity and elevates synaptic plasticity in glutamate-damaged SH-SY5Y cells by modulating the PI3K/mTOR/EIF4E and BDNF/CREB/TrkB pathways. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Houlton J, Zubkova OV, Clarkson AN. Recovery of Post-Stroke Spatial Memory and Thalamocortical Connectivity Following Novel Glycomimetic and rhBDNF Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094817. [PMID: 35563207 PMCID: PMC9101131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke-induced cognitive impairments remain of significant concern, with very few treatment options available. The involvement of glycosaminoglycans in neuroregenerative processes is becoming better understood and recent advancements in technology have allowed for cost-effective synthesis of novel glycomimetics. The current study evaluated the therapeutic potential of two novel glycomimetics, compound A and G, when administered systemically five-days post-photothrombotic stroke to the PFC. As glycosaminoglycans are thought to facilitate growth factor function, we also investigated the combination of our glycomimetics with intracerebral, recombinant human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (rhBDNF). C56BL/6J mice received sham or stroke surgery and experimental treatment (day-5), before undergoing the object location recognition task (OLRT). Four-weeks post-surgery, animals received prelimbic injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B (CTB), before tissue was collected for quantification of thalamo-PFC connectivity and reactive astrogliosis. Compound A or G treatment alone modulated a degree of reactive astrogliosis yet did not influence spatial memory performance. Contrastingly, compound G+rhBDNF treatment significantly improved spatial memory, dampened reactive astrogliosis and limited stroke-induced loss of connectivity between the PFC and midline thalamus. As rhBDNF treatment had negligible effects, these findings support compound A acted synergistically to enhance rhBDNF to restrict secondary degeneration and facilitate functional recovery after PFC stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Houlton
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Olga V. Zubkova
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Gracefield Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand;
| | - Andrew N. Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +64-3-279-7326
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16
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PKCδ-positive GABAergic neurons in the central amygdala exhibit tissue-type plasminogen activator: role in the control of anxiety. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2197-2205. [PMID: 35145231 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease expressed in several brain regions and reported to be involved in the control of emotional and cognitive functions. Nevertheless, little is known about the structure-function relationships of these tPA-dependent behaviors. Here, by using a new model of constitutive tPA-deficient mice (tPAnull), we first show that tPA controls locomotor activity, spatial cognition and anxiety. To investigate the brain structures involved in these tPA-dependent behavioral phenotypes, we next generated tPAflox mice allowing conditional tPA deletion (cKO) following stereotaxic injections of adeno-associated virus driving Cre-recombinase expression (AAV-Cre-GFP). We demonstrate that tPA removal in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus induces hyperactivity and partial spatial memory deficits. Moreover, the deletion of tPA in the central nucleus of the amygdala, but not in the basolateral nucleus, induces hyperactivity and reduced anxiety-like level. Importantly, we prove that these behaviors depend on the tPA present in the adult brain and not on neurodevelopmental disorders. Also, interestingly, our data show that tPA from Protein kinase-C delta-positive (PKCδ) GABAergic interneurons of the lateral/ capsular part of adult mouse central amygdala controls emotional functions through neuronal activation of the medial central amygdala. Together, our study brings new data about the critical central role of tPA in behavioral modulations in adult mice.
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17
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Wu L, Liu X, Hu R, Chen Y, Xiao M, Liu B, Zeng F. Prebiotic Agrocybe cylindracea crude polysaccharides combined with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG postpone aging-related oxidative stress in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:1218-1231. [PMID: 35019929 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-aging mechanisms of Agrocybe cylindracea crude polysaccharides (APS), when used synergistically with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (APS + LGG) in a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model. In the Morris water maze test, APS + LGG showed a significantly higher memory and learning capacity compared to untreated, APS only treated and LGG treated mice. This was thought to be mediated by increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which decreased escape latency. In addition to this, in the aging mouse model, APS + LGG co-treatment markedly alleviated liver oxidation and metabolism by enhancing the antioxidant activity of enzymes; this decreased the lipid metabolism and peroxidation levels. Furthermore, high throughput sequencing analysis revealed that an APS + LGG supplemented feed increased the relative abundance of positive bacteria in the gut microbiota such as Alloprevotella and Parvibacter. Importantly, Alloprevotella and Parvibacter showed a negative relationship with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in the Spearman correlation analysis. These results illustrate that APS, in combination with LGG, postponed aging related oxidative stress when used as a prebiotic. The proposed mechanism for this is the reduction in liver oxidation and lipid metabolism, as well as the regulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiu Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. .,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. .,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Rongkang Hu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. .,School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Meifang Xiao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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18
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Distinct roles of astroglia and neurons in synaptic plasticity and memory. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:873-885. [PMID: 34642458 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus is the most studied form of synaptic plasticity. Temporal integration of synaptic inputs is essential in synaptic plasticity and is assumed to be achieved through Ca2+ signaling in neurons and astroglia. However, whether these two cell types play different roles in LTP remain unknown. Here, we found that through the integration of synaptic inputs, astrocyte inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptor type 2 (IP3R2)-dependent Ca2+ signaling was critical for late-phase LTP (L-LTP) but not early-phase LTP (E-LTP). Moreover, this process was mediated by astrocyte-derived brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In contrast, neuron-derived BDNF was critical for both E-LTP and L-LTP. Importantly, the dynamic differences in BDNF secretion play a role in modulating distinct forms of LTP. Moreover, astrocyte- and neuron-derived BDNF exhibited different roles in memory. These observations enriched our knowledge of LTP and memory at the cellular level and implied distinct roles of astrocytes and neurons in information integration.
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19
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Fazeli PL, Woods SP, Lambert CC, Li W, Hopkins CN, Vance DE. Differential Associations Between BDNF and Memory Across Older Black and White Adults With HIV Disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 89:129-135. [PMID: 34629411 PMCID: PMC8752478 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) shows consistent associations with memory across many clinical populations, including dementia. Less is understood about the association between BDNF and memory functioning in people living with HIV (PWH). METHODS A sample of 173 adults aged 50+ (n = 100 HIV+ and n = 73 HIV seronegative) completed a comprehensive neurobehavioral assessment and blood draw. Linear regressions predicting memory domains (learning, delayed recall, and recognition) were conducted including race (White vs. Black/African American), HIV status, BDNF, and their interactions. RESULTS For learning and delayed recall, significant (P < 0.05) main effects for race and interactions for BDNF x race and HIV status x race were found, whereas for recognition, only a BDNF x race interaction emerged. In adjusted models, BDNF x race interactions remained for learning and delayed recall. To determine effect size, correlations were conducted between BDNF and memory domains stratified by HIV serostatus and race, and small-medium associations between BDNF and learning and delayed recall (rho = 0.29, P < 0.01; rho = 0.22, P = 0.045), but no recognition (rho = 0.12, P = 0.29) were found among Black/African American PWH. BDNF was not significantly associated with memory domains in White PWH or either HIV- sample. Follow-up analyses showed BDNF-memory specificity, such that race X BDNF interactions did not emerge for other cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS While limited by cross-sectional design among a small sample, particularly of White individuals, results indicate that BDNF may serve as a promising biomarker reflecting memory functioning in PWH, particularly Black/African Americans. Further work is needed to replicate findings and determine mechanisms for racial differences in BDNF associations with memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya L. Fazeli
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Wei Li
- School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Cierra N. Hopkins
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David E. Vance
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Lin PH, Kuo LT, Luh HT. The Roles of Neurotrophins in Traumatic Brain Injury. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:life12010026. [PMID: 35054419 PMCID: PMC8780368 DOI: 10.3390/life12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a collection of structurally and functionally related proteins. They play important roles in many aspects of neural development, survival, and plasticity. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to different levels of central nervous tissue destruction and cellular repair through various compensatory mechanisms promoted by the injured brain. Many studies have shown that neurotrophins are key modulators of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, blood–brain barrier permeability, memory capacity, and neurite regeneration. The expression of neurotrophins following TBI is affected by the severity of injury, genetic polymorphism, and different post-traumatic time points. Emerging research is focused on the potential therapeutic applications of neurotrophins in managing TBI. We conducted a comprehensive review by organizing the studies that demonstrate the role of neurotrophins in the management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hung Lin
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Lu-Ting Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Tzung Luh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-956279587
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21
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Chen P, Lu YH, Lin YH, Wu CP, Tang CK, Wei SC, Wu YL. Deformed wing virus infection affects the neurological function of Apis mellifera by altering extracellular adenosine signaling. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 139:103674. [PMID: 34737063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Deformed wing virus (DWV) infection is believed to be closely associated with colony losses of honeybee (Apis mellifera) due to reduced learning and memory of infected bees. The adenosine (Ado) pathway is important for maintaining immunity and memory function in animals, and it enhances antivirus responses by regulating carbohydrate metabolism in insects. Nevertheless, its effect on the memory of invertebrates is not yet clear. This study investigated how the Ado pathway regulates energy metabolism and memory in honeybees following DWV infection. Decreased Ado receptor (Ado-R) expression in the brain of infected bees resulted in a carbohydrate imbalance as well as impairments of glutamate-glutamine (Glu-Gln) cycle and long-term memory. Dietary supplementation with Ado not only increased the brain energy metabolism but also rescued long-term memory loss by upregulating the expression of memory-related genes. The present study demonstrated the regulation of the Ado pathway upon DWV infection and provides insights into the mechanisms underlying energy regulation and the neurological function of honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Heng Lu
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Lin
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carol-P Wu
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kang Tang
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chan Wei
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lung Wu
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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22
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Pei W, Meng F, Deng Q, Zhang B, Gu Y, Jiao B, Xu H, Tan J, Zhou X, Li Z, He G, Ruan J, Ding Y. Electroacupuncture promotes the survival and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons and improvement of sleep deprivation-induced spatial memory impairment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1472-1482. [PMID: 34623740 PMCID: PMC8611786 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) promotes the survival and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons by activating brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase (TrkB)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) signaling, thereby improving spatial memory deficits in rats under SD. Methods In vivo, Morris water maze (MWM) was used to detect the effect of EA on learning and memory, at the same time Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to explore the plasticity of hippocampal neurons and synapses, and the expression of BDNF/TrkB/Erk signaling. In vitro, cultured hippocampal neurons were treated with exogenous BDNF and the TrkB inhibitor K252a to confirm the relationship between BDNF/TrkB/Erk signaling and synaptic plasticity. Results Our results showed that EA mitigated the loss of hippocampal neurons and synapses, stimulated hippocampal neurogenesis, and improved learning and memory of rats under SD accompanied by upregulation of BDNF and increased phosphorylation of TrkB and Erk. In cultured hippocampal neurons, exogenous BDNF enhanced the expression of synaptic proteins, the frequency of the postsynaptic currents, and the phosphorylation of TrkB and Erk; these effects were reversed by treatment with K252a. Conclusions Electroacupuncture alleviates SD‐induced spatial memory impairment by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity via activation of BDNF/TrkB/Erk signaling, which provided evidence for EA as a therapeutic strategy for countering the adverse effects of SD on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Pei
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baobao Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Guangzhou Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyu Jiao
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiuqing Tan
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanheng He
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Ruan
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Razza LB, De Smet S, Moffa A, Sudbrack-Oliveira P, Vanderhasselt MA, Brunoni AR. Follow-up effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the major depressive episode: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2021; 302:114024. [PMID: 34058716 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is an effective treatment during the acute phase of a major depressive episode (MDE), although the evidence for its follow-up efficacy is mixed. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus (EMBASE), Web of Science, Cochrane Library and additional sources were searched from inception to April 29, 2021. Studies that followed up adults treated with tDCS during an MDE - using (interventional) and/or not using (observational) tDCS in the follow-up period were included. The primary outcome was the Hedges' g for the follow-up depression scores. Small study effects and sources of heterogeneity were explored. 427 studies were retrieved and 11 trials (13 datasets, n = 311) were included, most presenting moderate bias. Results showed a follow-up depression improvement (k = 13, g = -0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.28; -0.34, I² = 84.0%), which was probably driven by the interventional studies (k = 7, g= -1.12, 95% CI: -1.84; -0.40, I² = 87.1%). No predictor of response was associated with the outcome. No risk of publication bias was found. Significant between-study heterogeneity may have influenced the overall results. Our findings suggest that tDCS produces effects beyond the intervention period during MDEs. Maintenance sessions are advised in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís B Razza
- Serviço Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação, Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Clinical Hospital, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Stefanie De Smet
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adriano Moffa
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pedro Sudbrack-Oliveira
- Serviço Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação, Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Clinical Hospital, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - André R Brunoni
- Serviço Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação, Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Clinical Hospital, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo e Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2565, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Rashidy-Pour A, Derafshpour L, Vafaei AA, Bandegi AR, Kashefi A, Sameni HR, Jashire-Nezhad N, Saboory E, Panahi Y. Effects of treadmill exercise and sex hormones on learning, memory and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in transient congenital hypothyroid rats. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 31:641-651. [PMID: 32826427 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transient thyroid function abnormalities at birth exhibit intellectual developmental and cognitive disorders in adulthood. Given the well-known effects of physical activity and sex hormones on cognitive functions and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the present study examined the effects of treadmill exercise, sex hormones, and the combined treatment on learning and memory and hippocampal BDNF levels in transient congenital hypothyroid rats. To induce hypothyroidism, 6-propyl-2-thiouracil was added to the drinking water from the 6th day of gestation to the 21st postnatal day (PND). From PNDs 28 to 47, female and male pup rats received 17β-estradiol and testosterone, respectively, and about 30 min later, they were forced to run on the treadmill for 30 min once a day. On PNDs 48-55, spatial learning and memory of all rats tested in the water maze, which followed by measurement of BDNF in the hippocampus. Results showed that developmental hypothyroidism induced significant deficits in spatial learning and memory and hippocampal BDNF in both male and female rats. In both male and female hypothyroid rats, exercise and exercise plus sex hormones, but not sex hormones alone alleviated learning and memory deficits and all treatments (exercise, sex hormones, and the combined treatment) increased hippocampal BDNF. These disconnects in the effects of exercise, sex hormones and the combined treatment on behavioral and neurochemical outcomes suggest that a neurochemical mechanism other than hippocampal BDNF might contribute in the ameliorating effects of exercise on learning and memory deficits induced by developmental thyroid hormone insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan
| | - Leila Derafshpour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Adel Kashefi
- Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan
| | - Hamid Reza Sameni
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cell, Semnan University of Medical sciences, Semnan
| | - Nahid Jashire-Nezhad
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cell, Semnan University of Medical sciences, Semnan
| | - Ehsan Saboory
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia
| | - Yosef Panahi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Xin J, Wang H, Sun N, Bughio S, Zeng D, Li L, Wang Y, Khalique A, Zeng Y, Pan K, Jing B, Ma H, Bai Y, Ni X. Probiotic alleviate fluoride-induced memory impairment by reconstructing gut microbiota in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112108. [PMID: 33799132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride which is widespread in our environment and food due to its geological origin and industrial pollution has been identified as a developmental neurotoxicant. Gut-brain axis provides new insight into brain-derived injury. We previously found the psychoactive effects of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 against fluoride-induced memory dysfunction in mice by modulating the gut-brain axis. In this study, we aimed to detect the link between the reconstruction of gut microbiota and gut-brain axis through which probiotic alleviate fluoride-induced memory impairment. We also added an hour of water avoidance stress (WAS) before behavioral tests and sampling, aiming to demonstrate the preventive effects of the probiotic on fluoride-induced memory impairment after psychological stress. Mice were given fluoridated drinking water (sodium fluoride 100 ppm, corresponding to 37.8 ± 2.4 ppm F¯) for 70 days and administered with PBS or a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 for 28 days prior to and throughout a 70 day exposure to sodium fluoride. Results showed that fluoride increases the hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and reduces the exploration ratio in novel object recognition (NOR) test and the spontaneous exploration during the T-maze test in mice following WAS, which were significantly improved by the probiotic. 16S rRNA sequencing showed a significant separation in ileal microbiota between the fluoride-treated mice and control mice. Lactobacillus was the main targeting bacteria and significantly reduced in fluoride-treated mice. BS15 reconstructed the fluoride-post microbiota and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. D-lactate content and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, two biomarkers of gut permeability were reduced in the serum of probiotic-inoculated mice. ZO-1, an intestinal tight junction protein was reduced by fluoride in mRNA, and its protein levels were increased by the probiotic treatment. Moreover, the hippocampus which is essential to learning and memory, down-regulated mRNA level of both the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), including the improvement of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) by BS15 in fluoride-exposed mice after WAS. Via spearman correlation analysis, Lactobacillus displayed significantly positive associations with the behavioral tests, levels of nerve development related factors, and intestinal tight junction proteins ZO-1, and negative association with TNF-α of the hippocampus, highlighting regulatory effects of gut bacteria on memory potential and gut barrier. These results suggested the psychoactive effects of BS15 on fluoride-induced memory dysfunction after psychological stress. In addition, there may be some correlations between fluoride-induced memory dysfunction and reconstruction of gut microbiota. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: 16S rRNA sequencing reads have uploaded to NCBI. The accession code of 16S rRNA sequencing reads in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BioProject database: PRJNA660154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Xin
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shamsuddin Bughio
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianxin Li
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdul Khalique
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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26
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Serine/Threonine Phosphatases in LTP: Two B or Not to Be the Protein Synthesis Blocker-Induced Impairment of Early Phase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094857. [PMID: 34064311 PMCID: PMC8125358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dephosphorylation of target proteins at serine/threonine residues is one of the most crucial mechanisms regulating their activity and, consequently, the cellular functions. The role of phosphatases in synaptic plasticity, especially in long-term depression or depotentiation, has been reported. We studied serine/threonine phosphatase activity during the protein synthesis blocker (PSB)-induced impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP). Established protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B, calcineurin) inhibitor cyclosporin A prevented the LTP early phase (E-LTP) decline produced by pretreatment of hippocampal slices with cycloheximide or anisomycin. For the first time, we directly measured serine/threonine phosphatase activity during E-LTP, and its significant increase in PSB-treated slices was demonstrated. Nitric oxide (NO) donor SNAP also heightened phosphatase activity in the same manner as PSB, and simultaneous application of anisomycin + SNAP had no synergistic effect. Direct measurement of the NO production in hippocampal slices by the NO-specific fluorescent probe DAF-FM revealed that PSBs strongly stimulate the NO concentration in all studied brain areas: CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG). Cyclosporin A fully abolished the PSB-induced NO production in the hippocampus, suggesting a close relationship between nNOS and PP2B activity. Surprisingly, cyclosporin A alone impaired short-term plasticity in CA1 by decreasing paired-pulse facilitation, which suggests bi-directionality of the influences of PP2B in the hippocampus. In conclusion, we proposed a minimal model of signaling events that occur during LTP induction in normal conditions and the PSB-treated slices.
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27
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Salami M. Interplay of Good Bacteria and Central Nervous System: Cognitive Aspects and Mechanistic Considerations. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:613120. [PMID: 33642976 PMCID: PMC7904897 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.613120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract hosts trillions of microorganisms that is called “gut microbiota.” The gut microbiota is involved in a wide variety of physiological features and functions of the body. Thus, it is not surprising that any damage to the gut microbiota is associated with disorders in different body systems. Probiotics, defined as living microorganisms with health benefits for the host, can support or restore the composition of the gut microbiota. Numerous investigations have proved a relationship between the gut microbiota with normal brain function as well as many brain diseases, in which cognitive dysfunction is a common clinical problem. On the other hand, increasing evidence suggests that the existence of a healthy gut microbiota is crucial for normal cognitive processing. In this regard, interplay of the gut microbiota and cognition has been under focus of recent researches. In the present paper, I review findings of the studies considering beneficial effects of either gut microbiota or probiotic bacteria on the brain cognitive function in the healthy and disease statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Salami
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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Patel H, Zamani R. The role of PKMζ in the maintenance of long-term memory: a review. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:481-494. [PMID: 33550786 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Long-term memories are thought to be stored in neurones and synapses that undergo physical changes, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), and these changes can be maintained for long periods of time. A candidate enzyme for the maintenance of LTP is protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ), a constitutively active protein kinase C isoform that is elevated during LTP and long-term memory maintenance. This paper reviews the evidence and controversies surrounding the role of PKMζ in the maintenance of long-term memory. PKMζ maintains synaptic potentiation by preventing AMPA receptor endocytosis and promoting stabilisation of dendritic spine growth. Inhibition of PKMζ, with zeta-inhibitory peptide (ZIP), can reverse LTP and impair established long-term memories. However, a deficit of memory retrieval cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, ZIP, and in high enough doses the control peptide scrambled ZIP, was recently shown to be neurotoxic, which may explain some of the effects of ZIP on memory impairment. PKMζ knockout mice show normal learning and memory. However, this is likely due to compensation by protein-kinase C iota/lambda (PKCι/λ), which is normally responsible for induction of LTP. It is not clear how, or if, this compensatory mechanism is activated under normal conditions. Future research should utilise inducible PKMζ knockdown in adult rodents to investigate whether PKMζ maintains memory in specific parts of the brain, or if it represents a global memory maintenance molecule. These insights may inform future therapeutic targets for disorders of memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish Patel
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Reza Zamani
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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29
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Colliva A, Tongiorgi E. Distinct role of 5'UTR sequences in dendritic trafficking of BDNF mRNA: additional mechanisms for the BDNF splice variants spatial code. Mol Brain 2021; 14:10. [PMID: 33436052 PMCID: PMC7805101 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is encoded by multiple bipartite transcripts. Each BDNF transcript is composed by one out of 11 alternatively spliced exons containing the 5'untranslated region (UTR), and one common exon encompassing the coding sequence (CDS) and the 3'UTR with two variants (short and long). In neurons, BDNF mRNA variants have a distinct subcellular distribution, constituting a "spatial code", with exon 1, 3, 5, 7 and 8 located in neuronal somata, exon 4 extending into proximal dendrites, and exon 2 and 6 reaching distal dendrites. We previously showed that the CDS encodes constitutive dendritic targeting signals (DTS) and that both the 3'UTR-short and the 3'UTR-long contain activity-dependent DTS. However, the role of individual 5'UTR exons in mRNA sorting remains unclear. Here, we tested the ability of each different BDNF 5'UTRs to affect the subcellular localization of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter mRNA. We found that exon 2 splicing isoforms (2a, 2b, and 2c) induced a constitutive dendritic targeting of the GFP reporter mRNA towards distal dendritic segments. The other isoforms did not affect GFP-mRNA dendritic trafficking. Through a bioinformatic analysis, we identified five unique cis-elements in exon 2a, 2b, and 2c which might contribute to building a DTS. This study provides additional information on the mechanism regulating the cellular sorting of BDNF mRNA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Colliva
- Department of Life Sciences (Q Building), University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Tongiorgi
- Department of Life Sciences (Q Building), University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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30
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Radiske A, Gonzalez MC, Nôga DA, Rossato JI, Bevilaqua LRM, Cammarota M. mTOR inhibition impairs extinction memory reconsolidation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:1-6. [PMID: 33323495 PMCID: PMC7747651 DOI: 10.1101/lm.052068.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fear-motivated avoidance extinction memory is prone to hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent reconsolidation upon recall. Here, we show that extinction memory recall activates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in dorsal CA1, and that post-recall inhibition of this kinase hinders avoidance extinction memory persistence and recovers the learned aversive response. Importantly, coadministration of recombinant BDNF impedes the behavioral effect of hippocampal mTOR inhibition. Our results demonstrate that mTOR signaling is necessary for fear-motivated avoidance extinction memory reconsolidation and suggests that BDNF acts downstream mTOR in a protein synthesis-independent manner to maintain the reactivated extinction memory trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Radiske
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Gonzalez
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59056-450 Natal, Brazil.,Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, RN 59280-000 Macaiba, Brazil
| | - Diana A Nôga
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
| | - Janine I Rossato
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59056-450 Natal, Brazil.,Departament of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59064-741 Natal, Brazil
| | - Lia R M Bevilaqua
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
| | - Martín Cammarota
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
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31
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Journey of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: from intracellular trafficking to secretion. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:125-134. [PMID: 32897423 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to control a wide variety of brain functions, ranging from memory formation to food intake. However, since the BDNF levels are extremely low in the nervous system, the dynamics in neurons from intracellular trafficking to secretion is absolutely complicated; the understanding is not fully promoted. We here review the findings of those critical mechanisms from intracellular trafficking to the secretion of BDNF. Furthermore, to solve this issue, technological advances for the detection, measurement, and imaging of this growth factor are essential. We believe that this review helps the study of these complex but critical mechanisms of BDNF.
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32
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Wang X, Xu W, Chen H, Li W, Li W, Zhu G. Astragaloside IV prevents Aβ 1-42 oligomers-induced memory impairment and hippocampal cell apoptosis by promoting PPARγ/BDNF signaling pathway. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147041. [PMID: 32739157 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a natural product derived from Radix Astragali (Astragalus membranaceus), is beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms underlying this benefit are not completely understood. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are potential therapeutic targets for AD. In this study, we found that amyloid β protein fragment 1-42 oligomers (AβO) suppressed BDNF and PPARγ expression, and inhibited tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) phosphorylation in cultured hippocampal neurons; these changes were ameliorated by treatment with AS-IV. Inhibition of PPARγ by genetic and pharmacological methods also blocked the effect of AS-IV on BDNF expression in AβO-treated cells. Importantly, exogenous BDNF protected against neurotoxicity and apoptosis induced by AβO, whereas inhibition of PPARγ reversed protective effects of AS-IV against these outcomes. In vivo data further revealed that AS-IV improved AβO-induced memory impairment and reduced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Moreover, AS-IV suppressed the AβO-induced reduction in BDNF by promoting PPARγ activation in the hippocampus. Taken together, these results indicate that AS-IV prevents AβO-induced memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, probably by promoting the PPARγ/BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuncui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Experimental Center for Scientific Research, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hejuntao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Experimental Center for Scientific Research, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Experimental Center for Scientific Research, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
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33
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Belo RF, Martins MLF, Shvachiy L, Costa-Coelho T, de Almeida-Borlido C, Fonseca-Gomes J, Neves V, Vicente Miranda H, Outeiro TF, Coelho JE, Xapelli S, Valente CA, Heras M, Bardaji E, Castanho MARB, Diógenes MJ, Sebastião AM. The Neuroprotective Action of Amidated-Kyotorphin on Amyloid β Peptide-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:985. [PMID: 32733240 PMCID: PMC7363954 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kyotorphin (KTP, l-tyrosyl-l-arginine) is an endogenous dipeptide initially described to have analgesic properties. Recently, KTP was suggested to be an endogenous neuroprotective agent, namely for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In fact, KTP levels were shown to be decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AD, and recent data showed that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of KTP ameliorates memory impairments in a sporadic rat model of AD. However, this administration route is far from being a suitable therapeutic strategy. Here, we evaluated if the blood-brain permeant KTP-derivative, KTP-NH2, when systemically administered, would be effective in preventing memory deficits in a sporadic AD animal model and if so, which would be the synaptic correlates of that action. The sporadic AD model was induced in male Wistar rats through i.c.v. injection of amyloid β peptide (Aβ). Animals were treated for 20 days with KTP-NH2 (32.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.), starting at day 3 after Aβ administration) before memory testing (Novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze (YM) tests). Animals were then sacrificed, and markers for gliosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Synaptic correlates were assessed by evaluating theta-burst induced long term potentiation (LTP) of field excitatory synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) recorded from hippocampal slices and cortical spine density analysis. In the absence of KTP-NH2 treatment, Aβ-injected rats had clear memory deficits, as assessed through NOR or YM tests. Importantly, these memory deficits were absent in Aβ-injected rats that had been treated with KTP-NH2, which scored in memory tests as control (sham i.c.v. injected) rats. No signs of gliosis could be detected at the end of the treatment in any group of animals. LTP magnitude was significantly impaired in hippocampal slices that had been incubated with Aβ oligomers (200 nM) in the absence of KTP-NH2. Co-incubation with KTP-NH2 (50 nM) rescued LTP toward control values. Similarly, Aβ caused a significant decrease in spine density in cortical neuronal cultures, and this was prevented by co-incubation with KTP-NH2 (50 nM). In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that i.p. KTP-NH2 treatment counteracts Aβ-induced memory impairments in an AD sporadic model, possibly through the rescuing of synaptic plasticity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita F Belo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida L F Martins
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Liana Shvachiy
- Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Lab, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Costa-Coelho
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina de Almeida-Borlido
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Fonseca-Gomes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Vicente Miranda
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joana E Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia A Valente
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Montserrat Heras
- Laboratori d'Innovació en Processos i Productes de Síntesi Orgànica (LIPPSO), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Eduard Bardaji
- Laboratori d'Innovació en Processos i Productes de Síntesi Orgànica (LIPPSO), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria José Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ai PH, Chen S, Liu XD, Zhu XN, Pan YB, Feng DF, Chen S, Xu NJ, Sun S. Paroxetine ameliorates prodromal emotional dysfunction and late-onset memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease mice. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:18. [PMID: 32398165 PMCID: PMC7216685 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as depression, anxiety, apathy, and irritability occur in prodromal phases of clinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which might be an increased risk for later developing AD. Here we treated young APP/PS1 AD model mice prophylactically with serotonin-selective re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine and investigated the protective role of anti-depressant agent in emotional abnormalities and cognitive defects during disease progress. Methods To investigate the protective role of paroxetine in emotional abnormalities and cognitive defects during disease progress, we performed emotional behaviors of 3 months old APP/PS1 mouse following oral administration of paroxetine prophylactically starting at 1 month of age. Next, we tested the cognitive, biochemical and pathological, effects of long term administration of paroxetine at 6 months old. Results Our results showed that AD mice displayed emotional dysfunction in the early stage. Prophylactic administration of paroxetine ameliorated the initial emotional abnormalities and preserved the eventual memory function in AD mice. Conclusion Our data indicate that prophylactic administration of paroxetine ameliorates the emotional dysfunction and memory deficit in AD mice. These neuroprotective effects are attributable to functional restoration of glutamate receptor (GluN2A) in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Hui Ai
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui-jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Si Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xian-Dong Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui-jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Na Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dong-Fu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui-jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Nan-Jie Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Suya Sun
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui-jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Chen HJ, Lee YJ, Huang CC, Lin YF, Li ST. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurocognitive function in children with type 1 diabetes. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:157-164. [PMID: 32360176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE This study aimed to clarify whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a biomarker for cognitive dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study of children aged between 6 and 18 years with type 1 diabetes and healthy volunteers. Serum BDNF level was measured in all of the studied children, and they all underwent intelligence tests with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV). We further compared the cognitive function and BDNF levels in the diabetic children with positive glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibody (GAD65-Ab) and those with negative GAD65-Ab. RESULTS Forty-five children with type 1 diabetes (mean age 14.0 ± 2.6 years, 42% male) and 50 normal controls (mean age 13.2 ± 2.3 years, 54% male) were recruited. The serum BDNF level was significantly lower in the diabetes group than in the controls (15.92 ± 7.2 vs. 18.5 ± 5.1 ng/mL, respectively, t = -2.03, p = 0.045) and much lower in the subgroup with GAD65-Ab positive type 1 diabetes. The average Full-Scale IQ, verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning and working memory scores in the diabetes group were significantly lower than in the controls (all p < 0.05). Among the children with type 1 diabetes, poor glycemic control was related to lower general cognitive abilities (r = -0.34, p < 0.02), lower verbal comprehension (r = -0.305, p < 0.05), and lower perceptual reasoning scores (r = -0.346, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The children with type 1 diabetes had a lower serum BDNF level and poorer neurocognitive function than normal healthy children, especially those with GAD65-Ab positive diabetes. Poor glycemic control was correlated with worse cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Jinn Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ching Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tse Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Management, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Wang X, Ma W, Wang T, Yang J, Wu Z, Liu K, Dai Y, Zang C, Liu W, Liu J, Liang Y, Guo J, Li L. BDNF-TrkB and proBDNF-p75NTR/Sortilin Signaling Pathways are Involved in Mitochondria-Mediated Neuronal Apoptosis in Dorsal Root Ganglia after Sciatic Nerve Transection. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:66-82. [PMID: 31957620 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200117110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) plays critical roles during development
of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in neuronal survival after injury.
Although proBDNF induces neuronal apoptosis after injury in vivo, whether it can also act as a death
factor in vitro and in vivo under physiological conditions and after nerve injury, as well as its mechanism
of inducing apoptosis, is still unclear.
Objective:
In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which proBDNF causes apoptosis in sensory
neurons and Satellite Glial Cells (SGCs) in Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) After Sciatic Nerve
Transection (SNT).
Methods:
SGCs cultures were prepared and a scratch model was established to analyze the role of
proBDNF in sensory neurons and SGCs in DRG following SNT. Following treatment with proBDNF
antiserum, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry staining were used to detect the expression of Glial
Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in DRG tissue; immunocytochemistry
and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay were used to detect GFAP expression and
cell viability of SGCs, respectively. RT-qPCR, western blot, and ELISA were used to measure mRNA
and protein levels, respectively, of key factors in BDNF-TrkB, proBDNF-p75NTR/sortilin, and apoptosis
signaling pathways.
Results:
proBDNF induced mitochondrial apoptosis of SGCs and neurons by modulating BDNF-TrkB
and proBDNF-p75NTR/sortilin signaling pathways. In addition, neuroprotection was achieved by inhibiting
the biological activity of endogenous proBDNF protein by injection of anti-proBDNF serum. Furthermore,
the anti-proBDNF serum inhibited the activation of SGCs and promoted their proliferation.
Conclusion:
proBDNF induced apoptosis in SGCs and sensory neurons in DRG following SNT. The
proBDNF signaling pathway is a potential novel therapeutic target for reducing sensory neuron and
SGCs loss following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Kuangpin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yunfei Dai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Chenghao Zang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Liyan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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Oh JH, Nam TJ, Choi YH. Capsosiphon fulvescens Glycoproteins Enhance Probiotics-Induced Cognitive Improvement in Aged Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E837. [PMID: 32245093 PMCID: PMC7146536 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-induced cognitive dysfunction can be regulated by probiotics through bidirectional communication with the brain. This study aimed to investigate whether Capsosiphon fulvescens glycoproteins (Cf-hGP) enhanced probiotic-induced improvement of memory in aged rats and the underlying mechanism in the dorsal hippocampus. Cf-hGP were isolated using lectin resin. Cf-hGP (15 mg/kg/day) and/or Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) (109 CFU/rat/day) were orally administered once a day for 4 weeks. Co-treatment with Cf-hGP and L. plantarum synergistically improved spatial memory in aged rats, which was overturned by functional blocks of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Increases in BDNF expression and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) phosphorylation were accompanied by mono- and/or co-administration in the dorsal hippocampus, while c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and glucose-regulated protein 78 expression were decreased. These synergistic effects were downregulated by blocks of BDNF/Nrf2-mediated signaling. In particular, co-treatment, not mono-treatment, reduced phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) regulated by eEF2 kinase and protein phosphatase 2A. Additionally, co-treatment downregulated the interaction between eEF2 kinase and JNK. These data demonstrated that cognitive impairment in aged rats was synergistically diminished by co-treatment with Cf-hGP and L. plantarum through BDNF-mediated regulation of Nrf2 and eEF2 signaling pathways in the dorsal hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwan Oh
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea; (J.H.O.); (T.-J.N.)
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea; (J.H.O.); (T.-J.N.)
| | - Youn Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea; (J.H.O.); (T.-J.N.)
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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Epigenetics: the panacea for cognitive decline? Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 10:1-2. [PMID: 29348393 PMCID: PMC5811249 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Du CP, Wang M, Geng C, Hu B, Meng L, Xu Y, Cheng B, Wang N, Zhu QJ, Hou XY. Activity-Induced SUMOylation of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Associated with Plasticity of Synaptic Transmission and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:18-34. [PMID: 31642335 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) signaling have been implicated in learning, memory, and underlying long-lasting synaptic plasticity. In this study, we aimed at detecting whether nNOS is a target protein of SUMOylation in the hippocampus and its contributions to hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission. Results: We showed that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-dependent neuronal activity enhancement induced the attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) to nNOS. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) promoted SUMO1 conjugation at K725 and K739 on nNOS, which upregulated NO production and nNOS S1412 phosphorylation (activation). In addition, the N-terminus (amino acids 43-86) of PIAS3 bound nNOS directly. Tat-tagged PIAS3 segment representing amino acids 43-86, a cell-permeable peptide containing PIAS3 residues 43-86, suppressed activity-induced nNOS SUMOylation by disrupting PIAS3-nNOS association. It also decreased LTP-related expression of Arc and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and blocked signaling via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and Elk-1 in the hippocampus. More importantly, PIAS3-mediated nNOS SUMOylation was required for activity-regulated ERK1/2 activation in nNOS-positive neurons and hippocampal LTP induction. Innovation and Conclusion: These findings indicated that network activity-regulated nNOS SUMOylation underlies excitatory synaptic LTP by facilitating nNOS-NO-ERK1/2 signal cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ping Du
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chi Geng
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li Meng
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bao Cheng
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Zhu
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hou
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Baby N, Alagappan N, Dheen ST, Sajikumar S. MicroRNA-134-5p inhibition rescues long-term plasticity and synaptic tagging/capture in an Aβ(1-42)-induced model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13046. [PMID: 31625272 PMCID: PMC6974725 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive memory loss is one of the most common characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been shown to be caused by several factors including accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Synaptic plasticity and associative plasticity, the cellular basis of memory, are impaired in AD. Recent studies suggest a functional relevance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating plasticity changes in AD, as their differential expressions were reported in many AD brain regions. However, the specific role of these miRNAs in AD has not been elucidated. We have reported earlier that late long-term potentiation (late LTP) and its associative mechanisms such as synaptic tagging and capture (STC) were impaired in Aβ (1-42)-induced AD condition. This study demonstrates that expression of miR-134-5p, a brain-specific miRNA is upregulated in Aβ (1-42)-treated AD hippocampus. Interestingly, the loss of function of miR-134-5p restored late LTP and STC in AD. In AD brains, inhibition of miR-134-5p elevated the expression of plasticity-related proteins (PRPs), cAMP-response-element binding protein (CREB-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which are otherwise downregulated in AD condition. The results provide the first evidence that the miR-134-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of CREB-1 and BDNF is an important molecular mechanism underlying the plasticity deficit in AD; thus demonstrating the critical role of miR-134-5p as a potential therapeutic target for restoring plasticity in AD condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmi Baby
- Department of PhysiologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University Health SystemNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Centre for Life SciencesLife Sciences Institute, Neurobiology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Nithyakalyani Alagappan
- Department of PhysiologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University Health SystemNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Centre for Life SciencesLife Sciences Institute, Neurobiology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Shaikali Thameem Dheen
- Department of AnatomyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University Health SystemNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of PhysiologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University Health SystemNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Centre for Life SciencesLife Sciences Institute, Neurobiology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
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41
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Intergenerational effect of parental spatial training on offspring learning: Evidence for sex differences in memory function. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:314-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Heyck M, Ibarra A. Microbiota and memory: A symbiotic therapy to counter cognitive decline? Brain Circ 2019; 5:124-129. [PMID: 31620659 PMCID: PMC6785944 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_34_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of aging underlies many degenerative disorders that arise in the living body, including gradual neuronal loss of the hippocampus that often leads to decline in both memory and cognition. Recent evidence has shown a significant connection between gut microbiota and brain function, as butyrate production by microorganisms is believed to activate the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). To investigate whether modification of intestinal microbiota could impact cognitive decline in the aging brain, Romo-Araiza et al. conducted a study to test how probiotic and prebiotic supplementation impacted spatial and associative memory in middle-aged rats. Their results showed that rats supplemented with the symbiotic (both probiotic and prebiotic) treatment performed significantly better than other groups in the spatial memory test, though not in that of associative memory. Their data also reported that this improvement correlated with increased levels of BDNF, decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and better electrophysiological outcomes in the hippocampi of the symbiotic group. Thus, the results indicated that the progression of cognitive impairment is indeed affected by changes in microbiota induced by probiotics and prebiotics. Potential future applications of these findings center around combatting neurodegeneration and inflammation associated not only with aging but also with the damaging posttraumatic effects of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Heyck
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University, Huixquilucan, Mexico
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Rezaei Asl Z, Sepehri G, Salami M. Probiotic treatment improves the impaired spatial cognitive performance and restores synaptic plasticity in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112183. [PMID: 31472194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies demonstrate that damage to gut microbiota is associated with some brain disorders including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, supporting gut microbiota has been considered as a possible strategy for AD treatment. We evaluated behavioral and electrophysiological aspects of the brain function in an animal model of AD made by intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid. Two groups of control rats recieved either water as vehicle (Con) or probitics (Pro + Con). Also two groups of Alzheimeric animals were treated by either vehicle (Alz) or probiotics (Pro + Alz). Sham group was only subjected to surgical procedure and received the vehicle. Spatial learning and memory was assessed in Morris water maze. Also, basic synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) were assessed by recording field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in hippocampus. Change in anti-oxidant/oxidant factors was assessed via measuring plasma level of total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) and malondealdehyde (MDA). Brain staining was done to confirm β-amyloid accumulation. Fecal bacteria quantification was accomplished to find how probiotic supplement affected gut microbiota. We found that while the Alz animals displayed a weak spatial performance, probiotic treatment improved the maze navigation in the Pro + Alz rats. Whereas basic synaptic transmission remained unchanged in the Alz rats, LTP was suppressed in this group. Probiotic treatment significantly restored LTP in the Pro + Alz group and further enhanced it in the Pro + Con rats. The intervention also showed a favorable effect on balance of the anti-oxidant/oxidant biomarkers in the Pro + Alz rats. This study provides the first proof on positive effect of probiotics on synaptic plasticity in an animal model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaei Asl
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sepehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Salami
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Houlton J, Abumaria N, Hinkley SFR, Clarkson AN. Therapeutic Potential of Neurotrophins for Repair After Brain Injury: A Helping Hand From Biomaterials. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:790. [PMID: 31427916 PMCID: PMC6688532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains the leading cause of long-term disability with limited options available to aid in recovery. Significant effort has been made to try and minimize neuronal damage following stroke with use of neuroprotective agents, however, these treatments have yet to show clinical efficacy. Regenerative interventions have since become of huge interest as they provide the potential to restore damaged neural tissue without being limited by a narrow therapeutic window. Neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and their high affinity receptors are actively produced throughout the brain and are involved in regulating neuronal activity and normal day-to-day function. Furthermore, neurotrophins are known to play a significant role in both protection and recovery of function following neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Unfortunately, exogenous administration of these neurotrophins is limited by a lack of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability, poor half-life, and rapid degradation. Therefore, we have focused this review on approaches that provide a direct and sustained neurotrophic support using pharmacological therapies and mimetics, physical activity, and potential drug delivery systems, including discussion around advantages and limitations for use of each of these systems. Finally, we discuss future directions of biomaterial drug-delivery systems, including the incorporation of heparan sulfate (HS) in conjunction with neurotrophin-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Houlton
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nashat Abumaria
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Simon F. R. Hinkley
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Petone, New Zealand
| | - Andrew N. Clarkson
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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McKay NS, Moreau D, Henare DT, Kirk IJ. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met genotype does not influence the grey or white matter structures underlying recognition memory. Neuroimage 2019; 197:1-12. [PMID: 30954706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene coding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has previously been associated with a reduction in recognition memory performance. While previous findings have highlighted that this SNP contributes to recognition memory, little is known about its influence on subprocesses of recognition, familiarity and recollection. Previous research has reported reduced hippocampal volume and decreased fractional anisotropy in carriers of the Met allele across a range of white matter tracts, including those networks that may support recognition memory. Here, in a sample of 61 healthy young adults, we used a source memory task to measure accuracy on each recognition subprocess, in order to determine whether the Val66Met SNP (rs6265) influences these equally. Additionally, we compared grey matter volume between these groups for structures that underpin familiarity and recollection separately. Finally, we used probabilistic tractography to reconstruct tracts that subserve each of these two recognition systems. Behaviourally, we found group differences on the familiarity measure, but not on recollection. However, we did not find any group difference on grey- or white-matter structures. Together, these results suggest a functional influence of the Val66Met SNP that is independent of coarse structural changes, and nuance previous research highlighting the relationship between BDNF, brain structure, and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S McKay
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dion T Henare
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian J Kirk
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, New Zealand
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Bres EE, Faissner A. Low Density Receptor-Related Protein 1 Interactions With the Extracellular Matrix: More Than Meets the Eye. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:31. [PMID: 30931303 PMCID: PMC6428713 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a biological substrate composed of collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins that ensures proper cell migration and adhesion and keeps the cell architecture intact. The regulation of the ECM composition is a vital process strictly controlled by, among others, proteases, growth factors and adhesion receptors. As it appears, ECM remodeling is also essential for proper neuronal and glial development and the establishment of adequate synaptic signaling. Hence, disturbances in ECM functioning are often present in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, mutations in ECM molecules are found in some forms of epilepsy and malfunctioning of ECM-related genes and pathways can be seen in, for example, cancer or ischemic injury. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1) is a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor family. Lrp1 is involved not only in ligand uptake, receptor mediated endocytosis and lipoprotein transport—functions shared by low density lipoprotein receptor family members—but also regulates cell surface protease activity, controls cellular entry and binding of toxins and viruses, protects against atherosclerosis and acts on many cell signaling pathways. Given the plethora of functions, it is not surprising that Lrp1 also impacts the ECM and is involved in its remodeling. This review focuses on the role of Lrp1 and some of its major ligands on ECM function. Specifically, interactions with two Lrp1 ligands, integrins and tissue plasminogen activator are described in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa E Bres
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Abstract
Circulating levels of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) are lower in coronary heart disease (CHD) than in healthy subjects and are associated with coronary events and mortality. However, the mechanism(s) underling this association is not fully understood. We hypothesize that BDNF may influence fibrin fiber structure and clot stability, favoring clot lysis and thrombus resolution. We showed that recombinant BDNF (rh-BDNF) influenced with clot formation in a concentration-dependent manner in both purified fibrinogen and plasma from healthy subjects. In particular, rh-BDNF reduced the density of fibrin fibers, the maximum clot firmness (MCF) and the maximum clot turbidity, and affected the lysis of clot. In addition, both thrombin and reptilase clotting time were prolonged by rh-BDNF, despite the amount of thrombin formed was greater. Intriguingly, CHD patients had lower levels of BDNF, greater fibrin fibers density, higher MCF than control subjects, and a negative correlation between BDNF and MCF was found. Of note, rh-BDNF markedly modified fibrin clot profile restoring physiological clot morphology in CHD plasma. In conclusion, we provide evidence that low levels of BDNF correlate with the formation of bigger thrombi (in vitro) and that this effect is mediated, at least partially, by the alteration of fibrin fibers formation.
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Romo-Araiza A, Gutiérrez-Salmeán G, Galván EJ, Hernández-Frausto M, Herrera-López G, Romo-Parra H, García-Contreras V, Fernández-Presas AM, Jasso-Chávez R, Borlongan CV, Ibarra A. Probiotics and Prebiotics as a Therapeutic Strategy to Improve Memory in a Model of Middle-Aged Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:416. [PMID: 30618722 PMCID: PMC6305305 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with morphological, physiological and metabolic changes, leading to multiorgan degenerative pathologies, such as cognitive function decline. It has been suggested that memory loss also involves a decrease in neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In recent years, microbiota has been proposed as an essential player in brain development, as it is believed to activate BDNF secretion through butyrate production. Thus, microbiota modulation by supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics may impact cognitive decline. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics and prebiotics supplementation on the memory of middle-aged rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized in four groups (n = 13 per group): control (water), probiotic (E. faecium), prebiotic (agave inulin), symbiotic (E. faecium + inulin), which were administered for 5 weeks by oral gavage. Spatial and associative memory was analyzed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Pavlovian autoshaping tests, respectively. Hippocampus was obtained to analyze cytokines [interleukin (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)], BDNF and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Butyrate concentrations were also evaluated in feces. The symbiotic group showed a significantly better performance in MWM (p < 0.01), but not in Pavlovian autoshaping test. It also showed significantly lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.01) and the reduction in IL-1β correlated with a better performance of the symbiotic group in MWM (p < 0.05). Symbiotic group also showed the highest BDNF and butyrate levels (p < 0.0001). Finally, we compared the electrophysiological responses of control (n = 8) and symbiotic (n = 8) groups. Passive properties of CA1 pyramidal cells (PCs) exhibited changes in response to the symbiotic treatment. Likewise, this group showed an increase in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA)/AMPA ratio and exhibited robust long-term potentiation (LTP; p < 0.01). Integrated results suggest that symbiotics could improve age-related impaired memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Romo-Araiza
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Gutiérrez-Salmeán
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Emilio J Galván
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Hector Romo-Parra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Valentina García-Contreras
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo Jasso-Chávez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan, Mexico
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Maltsev AV, Bal NV, Balaban PM. LTP suppression by protein synthesis inhibitors is NO-dependent. Neuropharmacology 2018; 146:276-288. [PMID: 30540927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, the ability of protein synthesis inhibitors (PSI) to suppress the long-term potentiation (LTP) of hippocampal responses is known. It is considered that mechanisms of such impairment are related to a cessation of translation and a delayed depletion of the protein pool required for maintenance of synaptic plasticity. The present study demonstrates that cycloheximide or anisomycin applications reduce amplitudes of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials as well as the presynaptically mediated form of plasticity, the paired-pulse facilitation after LTP induction in neurons of the CA1 area of hippocampus. We showed that nitric oxide signaling could be one of the pathways that cause the LTP decrease induced by cycloheximide or anisomycin. Inhibitor of the NO synthase, L-NNA or the NO scavenger, PTIO, rescued the late-phase LTP and restored the paired-pulse facilitation up to the control levels. For the first time we have directly measured the nitric oxide production induced by application of the translation blockers in hippocampal neurons using the NO-sensitive dye DAF-FM. Inhibitory analysis demonstrated that changes during protein synthesis blockade downstream the NO signaling cascade are cGMP-independent and apparently are implemented through degradation of target proteins. Prolonged application of the NO donor SNAP impaired the LTP maintenance in the same manner as PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Maltsev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerovа 5A, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Bal
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerovа 5A, 117485, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Pavel M Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerovа 5A, 117485, Moscow, Russia
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Effect of Fermented Spirulina maxima Extract on Cognitive-Enhancing Activities in Mice with Scopolamine-Induced Dementia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7218504. [PMID: 30598686 PMCID: PMC6287139 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7218504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This work provides the first demonstration that Spirulina maxima extract fermented with the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus planetarium HY-08 has the ability to ameliorate scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. The fermented extract exhibited good cognitive-enhancing activities, as demonstrated through Morris water maze and passive avoidance experiments: in these tests, the mice administered the fermented extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited an escape latency time and a latency time of 88.5 and 76.0 sec, respectively, whereas those administered donepezil, which was used as a positive control, showed an escape latency time and a latency time of 81.3 and 83.3 sec, respectively. However, an extract of 200 mg/kg was considered economically feasible for maintaining relatively high memory-improving activities because only a slight difference in activities was found between 200 and 400 mg/kg. The study also provides the first demonstration that β-carotene, one of the major bioactive substances in S. maxima, has memory-enhancing activity. A detailed analysis of the mechanism for the cognitive-enhancing activities of the fermented extract revealed that the fermented extract effectively increased the phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK) and p-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) and sequentially upregulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), whose signaling pathway responds to a reduction in oxidative stress in the brain. The results indicate that the improved efficacy of the fermented extract was likely due to the synergistic effects of β-carotene and other bioactive substances. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fermented extract exerts memory-improving effects in the hippocampus of scopolamine-treated mice through an initial increase in ERK signaling and a sequential induction of the expression of p-CREB and BDNF, and these effects are related to the antioxidant activities of β-carotene and other components.
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