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Beier F, Löffler M, Nees F, Bekrater-Bodmann R, Silvoni S, Desch S, Löffler A, Hausner L, Frölich L, Flor H. Effects of an app-based sensorimotor training in promoting neuroplasticity and neuropsychological functioning in frailty: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 115:105202. [PMID: 37776754 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of sensorimotor stimulation and maladaptive plastic changes of the brain may play a major role in problematic aging phenomena such as frailty. However, it is not clear if interventions specifically targeting neuroplasticity can reverse or slow the development of frailty. OBJECTIVES We compared the effect of a tablet-based neuroplasticity-oriented sensorimotor training (experimental group, EG) and a tablet-based relaxation training (control group, CG) on frailty and sensorimotor brain function. METHODS Interventions consisted of daily 30 min sessions distributed over 90 days. Assessments took place at baseline, after 60 days, and after 90 days. A total of N = 48 frail older adults (EG: n = 24; CG: n = 24) were assigned to the two groups and reassessed after 60 days. Primary outcomes included frailty phenotype (FP) and frailty index (FI). Sensorimotor brain activity was evaluated using functional magnetic resonance imaging and single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. RESULTS After 60 days of training, both groups showed a reduction in the number of FP criteria (p < 0.001) with a trend towards a significant time-by-group interaction (p = 0.058) indicating a stronger reduction of frailty in the EG (p < 0.001) compared to the CG (p = 0.039). In addition, pain was significantly reduced in the EG but not the CG. No significant effects were found for measures of brain function. DISCUSSION We provided initial evidence that a neuroplasticity-oriented sensorimotor training could be beneficial in counteracting frailty as well as chronic pain. Further studies are needed to determine the potentially underlying neuroplastic mechanisms and the influence of plasticity-related biomarkers as well as their clinical significance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03666039 (registered 11 September 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beier
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany.
| | - Martin Löffler
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany; Department of Experimental Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Integrative Spinal Research Group, Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Nees
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robin Bekrater-Bodmann
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefano Silvoni
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Simon Desch
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany; Department of Experimental Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Löffler
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Subtirelu RC, Teichner EM, Su Y, Al-Daoud O, Patel M, Patil S, Writer M, Werner T, Revheim ME, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Alavi A. Aging and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism: 18F-FDG-PET/CT Reveals Distinct Global and Regional Metabolic Changes in Healthy Patients. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2044. [PMID: 37895426 PMCID: PMC10608490 DOI: 10.3390/life13102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in cerebral glucose metabolism can be indicative of both normal and pathological aging processes. In this retrospective study, we evaluated global and regional neurological glucose metabolism in 73 healthy individuals (mean age: 35.8 ± 13.1 years; 82.5% female) using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). This population exhibited a low prevalence of comorbidities associated with cerebrovascular risk factors. We utilized 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging and quantitative regional analysis to assess cerebral glucose metabolism. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between age and the global standardized uptake value mean (SUVmean) of FDG uptake (p = 0.000795), indicating a decrease in whole-brain glucose metabolism with aging. Furthermore, region-specific analysis identified significant correlations in four cerebral regions, with positive correlations in the basis pontis, cerebellar hemisphere, and cerebellum and a negative correlation in the lateral orbital gyrus. These results were further confirmed via linear regression analysis. Our findings reveal a nuanced understanding of how aging affects glucose metabolism in the brain, providing insight into normal neurology. The study underscores the utility of 18F-FDG-PET/CT as a sensitive tool in monitoring these metabolic changes, highlighting its potential for the early detection of neurological diseases and disorders related to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Michael Teichner
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
| | - Yvonne Su
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Omar Al-Daoud
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Milan Patel
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shiv Patil
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
| | - Milo Writer
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- The Intervention Center, Division of Technology and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Problemveien 7, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Depestele S, van Dun K, Verstraelen S, Van Hoornweder S, Meesen R. Midfrontal Theta and Cognitive Control During Interlimb Coordination Across the Adult Lifespan. J Mot Behav 2023; 55:278-288. [PMID: 36863697 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2183178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Interlimb coordination is required for adequate execution of most daily life activities. Yet, aging negatively affects interlimb coordination, impacting the quality of life in older people. Therefore, disentangling the underlying age-related neural mechanisms is of utmost importance. Here, we investigated neurophysiological processes of an interlimb reaction time task, including both simple and complex coordination modes. Midfrontal theta power, measured using electroencephalography (EEG), was analyzed as a marker for cognitive control. In total, 82 healthy adults participated, with 27 younger, 26 middle-aged, and 29 older adults. On a behavioral level, reaction time increased across the adult lifespan, and error rate was higher in older adults. Notably, aging disproportionately affected reaction times in the complex coordination modes, with larger reaction time increases from simple to complex movements than in younger adults, starting already at middle age. On the neurophysiological level, EEG showed that only younger adults had significantly increased levels of midfrontal theta power during complex relative to simple coordination modes, while no significant differences were found between simple and complex movements in middle-aged and older adults. The absence of this theta power upregulation with regard to movement complexity with increasing age might reflect a premature saturation of the available mental resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siel Depestele
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Agoralaan, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kim van Dun
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Agoralaan, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Verstraelen
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Agoralaan, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sybren Van Hoornweder
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Agoralaan, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Raf Meesen
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Agoralaan, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Kim J, Lee J, Lee G, Chang WH, Ko MH, Yoo WK, Ryu GH, Kim YH. Relationship between lower limb muscle activity and cortical activation among elderly people during walking: Effects of fast speed and cognitive dual task. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1059563. [PMID: 36704503 PMCID: PMC9871491 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1059563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Gait is a complex behavior that involves not only the musculoskeletal system, but also higher-order brain functions, including cognition. This study was performed to investigate the correlation between lower limb muscle activity and cortical activation during treadmill walking in two groups of elderly people: the young-old (aged 65-74 years) and the old-old (aged 75-84 years). Methods Thirty-one young-old and 31 old-old people participated in this study. All participants were sequentially subjected to three gait conditions on a treadmill: (1) comfortable walking, (2) fast walking, and (3) cognitive dual-task walking. During treadmill walking, the activity of the lower limb muscles was measured using a surface electromyography system, and cortical activation was measured using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy system. The correlation between muscle activity and cortical activation during treadmill walking was analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results During comfortable walking, lower extremity muscle activity had a strong correlation with cortical activation, especially in the swing phase; this was significantly stronger in the young-old than the old-old. During fast walking, the correlations between lower limb muscle activity and cortical activation were stronger than those during comfortable walking in both groups. In cognitive dual-task walking, cortical activation in the frontal region and motor area was increased, although the correlation between muscle activity and cortical activation was weaker than that during comfortable walking in both groups. Conclusion The corticomotor correlation differed significantly between the old-old and the young-old. These results suggest that gait function is compensated by regulating corticomotor correlation as well as brain activity during walking in the elderly. These results could serve as a basis for developing gait training and fall prevention programs for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinuk Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Ybrain Inc., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsoo Lee
- Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyoun Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyuk Chang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Ko
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Ha Ryu
- Office of R&D Strategy and Planning, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Yun-Hee Kim, ;
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Siddique U, Frazer AK, Avela J, Walker S, Ahtiainen JP, Howatson G, Tallent J, Kidgell DJ. Determining the cortical, spinal and muscular adaptations to strength-training in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101746. [PMID: 36223874 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There are observable decreases in muscle strength as a result of ageing that occur from the age of 40, which are thought to occur as a result of changes within the neuromuscular system. Strength-training in older adults is a suitable intervention that may counteract the age-related loss in force production. The neuromuscular adaptations (i.e., cortical, spinal and muscular) to strength-training in older adults are largely equivocal and a systematic review with meta-analysis will serve to clarify the present circumstances regarding the benefits of strength-training in older adults. 20 studies entered the meta-analysis and were analysed using a random-effects model. A best evidence synthesis that included 36 studies was performed for variables that had insufficient data for meta-analysis. One study entered both. There was strong evidence that strength-training increases maximal force production, rate of force development and muscle activation in older adults. There was limited evidence for strength-training to improve voluntary-activation, the volitional-wave and spinal excitability, but strong evidence for increased muscle mass. The findings suggest that strength-training performed between 2 and 12 weeks increases strength, rate of force development and muscle activation, which likely improves motoneurone excitability by increased motor unit recruitment and improved discharge rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummatul Siddique
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashlyn K Frazer
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Janne Avela
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Simon Walker
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha P Ahtiainen
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK; Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jamie Tallent
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Dawson J Kidgell
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Motion, Relation, and Passion in Brain Physiological and Cognitive Aging. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091122. [PMID: 36138858 PMCID: PMC9496869 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current paper was to present important factors for keeping the basic structures of a person’s brain function, i.e., the grey and white matter, intact. Several lines of evidence have shown that motion, relation, and passion are central factors for preserving the neural system in the grey and white matter during ageing. An active lifestyle has shown to contribute to the development of the central nervous system and to contrast brain ageing. Interpersonal relationships, and interactions, have shown to contribute to complex biological factors that benefit the cognitive resilience to decline. Furthermore, the current scientific literature suggests that passion, strong interest, could be the driving factor motivating individuals to learn new things, thus influencing the development and maintenance of the neural functional network over time. The present theoretical perspective paper aims to convey several key messages: (1) brain development is critically affected by lifestyle; (2) physical training allows one to develop and maintain brain structures during ageing, and may be one of the keys for good quality of life as an older person; (3) diverse stimuli are a key factor in maintaining brain structures; (4) motion, relation, and passion are key elements for contrasting the loss of the grey and white matter of the brain.
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Venturelli M, Reggiani C, Schena F. Beyond the current knowledge on sarcopenia: new insight on neuromuscular factors. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1183-1185. [PMID: 35156180 PMCID: PMC9135861 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Woldeamanuel GG, Frazer AK, Lee A, Avela J, Tallent J, Ahtiainen JP, Pearce AJ, Kidgell DJ. Determining the Corticospinal Responses and Cross-Transfer of Ballistic Motor Performance in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Mot Behav 2022; 54:763-786. [PMID: 35437124 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2022.2061409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ballistic motor training induces plasticity changes and imparts a cross-transfer effect. However, whether there are age-related differences in these changes remain unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to determine the corticospinal responses and cross-transfer of motor performance following ballistic motor training in young and older adults. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. A best evidence synthesis was performed for variables that had insufficient data for meta-analysis. There was strong evidence to suggest that young participants exhibited greater cross-transfer of ballistic motor performance than their older counterparts. This meta-analysis showed no significant age-related differences in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and surface electromyography (sEMG) for both hands following ballistic motor training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashlyn K Frazer
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annemarie Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Janne Avela
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jamie Tallent
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Juha P Ahtiainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Alan J Pearce
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dawson J Kidgell
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Aznárez-Sanado M, Eudave L, Martínez M, Luis EO, Villagra F, Loayza FR, Fernández-Seara MA, Pastor MA. Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Patterns Associated With Fast and Slow Motor Sequence Learning in Late Middle Adulthood. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:778201. [PMID: 35095468 PMCID: PMC8792532 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.778201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain undergoes structural and functional changes across the lifespan. The study of motor sequence learning in elderly subjects is of particularly interest since previous findings in young adults might not replicate during later stages of adulthood. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study assessed the performance, brain activity and functional connectivity patterns associated with motor sequence learning in late middle adulthood. For this purpose, a total of 25 subjects were evaluated during early stages of learning [i.e., fast learning (FL)]. A subset of these subjects (n = 11) was evaluated after extensive practice of a motor sequence [i.e., slow learning (SL) phase]. As expected, late middle adults improved motor performance from FL to SL. Learning-related brain activity patterns replicated most of the findings reported previously in young subjects except for the lack of hippocampal activity during FL and the involvement of cerebellum during SL. Regarding functional connectivity, precuneus and sensorimotor lobule VI of the cerebellum showed a central role during improvement of novel motor performance. In the sample of subjects evaluated, connectivity between the posterior putamen and parietal and frontal regions was significantly decreased with aging during SL. This age-related connectivity pattern may reflect losses in network efficiency when approaching late adulthood. Altogether, these results may have important applications, for instance, in motor rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Aznárez-Sanado
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Eudave
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Martín Martínez
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elkin O. Luis
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Federico Villagra
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Francis R. Loayza
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Sciences (FIMCP), Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - María A. Fernández-Seara
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María A. Pastor
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Predicting Fluid Intelligence via Naturalistic Functional Connectivity Using Weighted Ensemble Model and Network Analysis. NEUROSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Functional connectivity triggered by naturalistic stimuli (e.g., movie clips), coupled with machine learning techniques provide great insight in exploring brain functions such as fluid intelligence. However, functional connectivity is multi-layered while traditional machine learning is based on individual model, which is not only limited in performance, but also fails to extract multi-dimensional and multi-layered information from the brain network. Methods: In this study, inspired by multi-layer brain network structure, we propose a new method, namely weighted ensemble model and network analysis, which combines machine learning and graph theory for improved fluid intelligence prediction. Firstly, functional connectivity analysis and graphical theory were jointly employed. The functional connectivity and graphical indices computed using the preprocessed fMRI data were then all fed into an auto-encoder parallelly for automatic feature extraction to predict the fluid intelligence. In order to improve the performance, tree regression and ridge regression models were stacked and fused automatically with weighted values. Finally, layers of auto-encoder were visualized to better illustrate the connectome patterns, followed by the evaluation of the performance to justify the mechanism of brain functions. Results: Our proposed method achieved the best performance with a 3.85 mean absolute deviation, 0.66 correlation coefficient and 0.42 R-squared coefficient; this model outperformed other state-of-the-art methods. It is also worth noting that the optimization of the biological pattern extraction was automated though the auto-encoder algorithm. Conclusion: The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art reports, also is able to effectively capture the biological patterns of functional connectivity during a naturalistic movie state for potential clinical explorations.
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Naito E, Morita T, Hirose S, Kimura N, Okamoto H, Kamimukai C, Asada M. Bimanual digit training improves right-hand dexterity in older adults by reactivating declined ipsilateral motor-cortical inhibition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22696. [PMID: 34811433 PMCID: PMC8608823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving deteriorated sensorimotor functions in older individuals is a social necessity in a super-aging society. Previous studies suggested that the declined interhemispheric sensorimotor inhibition observed in older adults is associated with their deteriorated hand/finger dexterity. Here, we examined whether bimanual digit exercises, which can train the interhemispheric inhibitory system, improve deteriorated hand/finger dexterity in older adults. Forty-eight healthy, right-handed, older adults (65–78 years old) were divided into two groups, i.e., the bimanual (BM) digit training and right-hand (RH) training groups, and intensive daily training was performed for 2 months. Before and after the training, we evaluated individual right hand/finger dexterity using a peg task, and the individual state of interhemispheric sensorimotor inhibition by analyzing ipsilateral sensorimotor deactivation via functional magnetic resonance imaging when participants experienced a kinesthetic illusory movement of the right-hand without performing any motor tasks. Before training, the degree of reduction/loss of ipsilateral motor-cortical deactivation was associated with dexterity deterioration. After training, the dexterity improved only in the BM group, and the dexterity improvement was correlated with reduction in ipsilateral motor-cortical activity. The capability of the brain to inhibit ipsilateral motor-cortical activity during a simple right-hand sensory-motor task is tightly related to right-hand dexterity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Naito
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tomoyo Morita
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirose
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Otemon Gakuin University, Faculty of Psychology, 2-1-15, Nishiai, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nodoka Kimura
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideya Okamoto
- Element Technology Research & Development Section, Global Research & Development Department, , Mizuno Corporation, 1-12-35 Nanko-kita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 559-8510, Japan
| | - Chikako Kamimukai
- Element Technology Research & Development Section, Global Research & Development Department, , Mizuno Corporation, 1-12-35 Nanko-kita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 559-8510, Japan
| | - Minoru Asada
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,International Professional University of Technology in Osaka, 3-3-1 Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-0001, Japan
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12
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Calvert GHM, Carson RG. Neural mechanisms mediating cross education: With additional considerations for the ageing brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:260-288. [PMID: 34801578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CALVERT, G.H.M., and CARSON, R.G. Neural mechanisms mediating cross education: With additional considerations for the ageing brain. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 21(1) XXX-XXX, 2021. - Cross education (CE) is the process whereby a regimen of unilateral limb training engenders bilateral improvements in motor function. The contralateral gains thus derived may impart therapeutic benefits for patients with unilateral deficits arising from orthopaedic injury or stroke. Despite this prospective therapeutic utility, there is little consensus concerning its mechanistic basis. The precise means through which the neuroanatomical structures and cellular processes that mediate CE may be influenced by age-related neurodegeneration are also almost entirely unknown. Notwithstanding the increased incidence of unilateral impairment in later life, age-related variations in the expression of CE have been examined only infrequently. In this narrative review, we consider several mechanisms which may mediate the expression of CE with specific reference to the ageing CNS. We focus on the adaptive potential of cellular processes that are subserved by a specific set of neuroanatomical pathways including: the corticospinal tract, corticoreticulospinal projections, transcallosal fibres, and thalamocortical radiations. This analysis may inform the development of interventions that exploit the therapeutic utility of CE training in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn H M Calvert
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard G Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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13
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Does Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults in Motor Cortex Reflect Compensation? J Neurosci 2021; 41:9361-9373. [PMID: 34580164 PMCID: PMC8580140 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1111-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults tend to display greater brain activation in the nondominant hemisphere during even basic sensorimotor responses. It is debated whether this hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults (HAROLD) reflects a compensatory mechanism. Across two independent fMRI experiments involving adult life span human samples (N = 586 and N = 81, approximately half female) who performed right-hand finger responses, we distinguished between these hypotheses using behavioral and multivariate Bayes (MVB) decoding approaches. Standard univariate analyses replicated a HAROLD pattern in motor cortex, but in and out of scanner behavioral results both demonstrated evidence against a compensatory relationship in that reaction time measures of task performance in older adults did not relate to ipsilateral motor activity. Likewise, MVB showed that this increased ipsilateral activity in older adults did not carry additional information, and if anything, combining ipsilateral with contralateral activity patterns reduced action decoding in older adults (at least in experiment 1). These results contradict the hypothesis that HAROLD is compensatory and instead suggest that the age-related ipsilateral hyperactivation is nonspecific, consistent with alternative hypotheses about age-related reductions in neural efficiency/differentiation or interhemispheric inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A key goal in the cognitive neuroscience of aging is to provide a mechanistic explanation of how brain–behavior relationships change with age. One interpretation of the common finding that task-based hemispheric activity becomes more symmetrical in older adults is that this shift reflects a compensatory mechanism, with the nondominant hemisphere needing to help out with computations normally performed by the dominant hemisphere. Contrary to this view, our behavioral and brain data indicate that the additional activity in ipsilateral motor cortex in older adults is not reflective of better task performance nor better neural representations of finger actions.
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14
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Di Tella S, Blasi V, Cabinio M, Bergsland N, Buccino G, Baglio F. How Do We Motorically Resonate in Aging? A Compensatory Role of Prefrontal Cortex. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:694676. [PMID: 34393758 PMCID: PMC8358457 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.694676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for chronic age-related neurological diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and neurovascular injuries. Exploiting the multimodal nature of the Mirror Neuron System (MNS), rehabilitative interventions have been proposed based on motor-resonance mechanisms in recent years. Despite the considerable evidence of the MNS’ functionality in young adults, further investigation of the action-observation matching system is required in aging, where well-known structural and functional brain changes occur. Twenty-one healthy young adults (mean age 26.66y) and 19 healthy elderly participants (mean age 71.47y) underwent a single MRI evaluation including a T1-3D high-resolution and functional MRI (fMRI) with mirror task. Morphological and functional BOLD data were derived from MRI images to highlight cortical activations associated with the task; to detect differences between the two groups (Young, Elderly) in the two MRI indexes (BOLD and thickness z-scores) using mixed factorial ANOVA (Group∗Index analyses); and to investigate the presence of different cortical lateralization of the BOLD signal in the two groups. In the entire sample, the activation of a bilateral MNS fronto-parietal network was highlighted. The mixed ANOVA (pFDR-corr < 0.05) revealed significant interactions between BOLD signal and cortical thickness in left dorsal premotor cortex, right ventral premotor and prefrontal cortices. A different cortical lateralization of the BOLD signal in frontal lobe activity between groups was also found. Data herein reported suggest that age-related cortical thinning of the MNS is coupled with increased interhemispheric symmetry along with premotor and prefrontal cortex recruitment. These physiological changes of MNS resemble the aging of the motor and cognitive neural systems, suggesting specific but also common aging and compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Di Tella
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Blasi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - Monia Cabinio
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - Niels Bergsland
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Giovanni Buccino
- Divisione di Neuroscienze, Università Vita e Salute San Raffaele e Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Baglio
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
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15
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Demnitz N, Madsen KS, Johnsen LK, Kjaer M, Boraxbekk CJ, Siebner HR. Right-left asymmetry in corticospinal tract microstructure and dexterity are uncoupled in late adulthood. Neuroimage 2021; 240:118405. [PMID: 34280529 PMCID: PMC8456694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing leads to a decline in white matter microstructure and dexterous function of the hand. In adolescents, it has previously been shown that the degree of right-left asymmetry in the corticospinal tract (CST) is linearly related with right-left asymmetry in dexterity. Here, we tested whether this association is also expressed in older adults. Participants completed a simple circle drawing task with their right and left hand as a measure of dexterity and underwent whole-brain diffusion weighted imaging at 3 Tesla (n = 199; aged 60-72 years). Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of right and left CST were extracted from a manually defined region-of-interest. Linear regression analyses were computed to replicate the analyses in adolescents. Frequentist analyses were complemented with a Bayesian analytical framework. Outcome measures were compared with those previously reported in adolescents (aged 11-16 years). Asymmetries in white matter microstructure of the CST were evident and comparable to the degree of lateralisation observed in adolescence. Similarly, asymmetries in dexterity were evident, but to a lesser degree than in adolescents. Unlike in adolescents, we found no evidence of a linear relationship between asymmetries in CST microstructure and dexterity. Complementary Bayesian regression analysis provided moderate evidence in favour of the null hypothesis, pointing towards a lack of association between the structural and functional measures of right-left asymmetry. Our findings are compatible with the notion that, by late adulthood, a diverging impact of age on white matter structure and dexterous hand function dilutes the structure-function relationship between CST microstructure and manual proficiency that has been reported in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Demnitz
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Line K Johnsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København NV, Denmark; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København NV, Denmark
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16
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Reifegerste J, Meyer AS, Zwitserlood P, Ullman MT. Aging affects steaks more than knives: Evidence that the processing of words related to motor skills is relatively spared in aging. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 218:104941. [PMID: 34015683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lexical-processing declines are a hallmark of aging. However, the extent of these declines may vary as a function of different factors. Motivated by findings from neurodegenerative diseases and healthy aging, we tested whether 'motor-relatedness' (the degree to which words are associated with particular human body movements) might moderate such declines. We investigated this question by examining data from three experiments. The experiments were carried out in different languages (Dutch, German, English) using different tasks (lexical decision, picture naming), and probed verbs and nouns, in all cases controlling for potentially confounding variables (e.g., frequency, age-of-acquisition, imageability). Whereas 'non-motor words' (e.g., steak) showed age-related performance decreases in all three experiments, 'motor words' (e.g., knife) yielded either smaller decreases (in one experiment) or no decreases (in two experiments). The findings suggest that motor-relatedness can attenuate or even prevent age-related lexical declines, perhaps due to the relative sparing of neural circuitry underlying such words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Reifegerste
- Brain and Language Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA; Department of Psychology and Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany; Potsdam Research Institute for Multilingualism, University of Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Antje S Meyer
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pienie Zwitserlood
- Department of Psychology and Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Michael T Ullman
- Brain and Language Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.
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17
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Hordacre B, Goldsworthy MR, Graetz L, Ridding MC. Motor network connectivity predicts neuroplastic response following theta burst stimulation in healthy adults. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1893-1907. [PMID: 34043076 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, known as continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), can suppress corticospinal excitability via mechanisms that appear similar to long-term depression synaptic plasticity. Despite much potential, this technique is currently limited by substantial response variability. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether baseline resting state functional connectivity is a determinant of response to cTBS. Eighteen healthy young adults participated in up to three experimental sessions. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to quantify change in corticospinal excitability following cTBS. Three minutes of resting electroencephalographic activity was recorded, and functional connectivity was estimated using the debiased weighted phase lag index across different frequency bands. Partial least squares regression identified models of connectivity between a seed region (C3) and the whole scalp that maximally accounted for variance in cTBS responses. There was no group-level effect of a single cTBS train or spaced cTBS trains on corticospinal excitability (p = 0.092). A low beta frequency band model of connectivity accounted for the largest proportion of variance in spaced cTBS response (R2 = 0.50). Based on the low beta frequency model, a-priori regions of interest were identified and predicted 39% of variance in response to spaced cTBS at a subsequent session. Importantly, weaker connectivity between the seed electrode (C3) and a cluster approximating a frontocentral region was associated with greater spaced cTBS response (p = 0.02). It appears M1-frontocentral networks may have an important role in determining the effects of cTBS on corticospinal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton Hordacre
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South, 5001, Australia.
| | - Mitchell R Goldsworthy
- Lifespan Human Neurophysiology Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lynton Graetz
- Lifespan Human Neurophysiology Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael C Ridding
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South, 5001, Australia
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18
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Guerra A, Rocchi L, Grego A, Berardi F, Luisi C, Ferreri F. Contribution of TMS and TMS-EEG to the Understanding of Mechanisms Underlying Physiological Brain Aging. Brain Sci 2021; 11:405. [PMID: 33810206 PMCID: PMC8004753 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human brain, aging is characterized by progressive neuronal loss, leading to disruption of synapses and to a degree of failure in neurotransmission. However, there is increasing evidence to support the notion that the aged brain has a remarkable ability to reorganize itself, with the aim of preserving its physiological activity. It is important to develop objective markers able to characterize the biological processes underlying brain aging in the intact human, and to distinguish them from brain degeneration associated with many neurological diseases. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), coupled with electromyography or electroencephalography (EEG), is particularly suited to this aim, due to the functional nature of the information provided, and thanks to the ease with which it can be integrated with behavioral manipulation. In this review, we aimed to provide up to date information about the role of TMS and TMS-EEG in the investigation of brain aging. In particular, we focused on data about cortical excitability, connectivity and plasticity, obtained by using readouts such as motor evoked potentials and transcranial evoked potentials. Overall, findings in the literature support an important potential contribution of TMS to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying normal brain aging. Further studies are needed to expand the current body of information and to assess the applicability of TMS findings in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Movements Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Grego
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (A.G.); (F.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Francesca Berardi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (A.G.); (F.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Concetta Luisi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (A.G.); (F.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Florinda Ferreri
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (A.G.); (F.B.); (C.L.)
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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19
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Jian C, Deng L, Liu H, Yan T, Wang X, Song R. Modulating and restoring inter-muscular coordination in stroke patients using two-dimensional myoelectric computer interface: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abc29a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Berger A, Steinberg F, Thomas F, Doppelmayr M. Neural Correlates of Age-Related Changes in Precise Grip Force Regulation: A Combined EEG-fNIRS Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:594810. [PMID: 33362531 PMCID: PMC7759198 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.594810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor control is associated with suppression of oscillatory activity in alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (12–30 Hz) ranges and elevation of oxygenated hemoglobin levels in motor-cortical areas. Aging leads to changes in oscillatory and hemodynamic brain activity and impairments in motor control. However, the relationship between age-related changes in motor control and brain activity is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate age-related and task-complexity-related changes in grip force control and the underlying oscillatory and hemodynamic activity. Sixteen younger [age (mean ± SD) = 25.4 ± 1.9, 20–30 years] and 16 older (age = 56.7 ± 4.7, 50–70 years) healthy men were asked to use a power grip to perform six trials each of easy and complex force tracking tasks (FTTs) with their right dominant hand in a randomized within-subject design. Grip force control was assessed using a sensor-based device. Brain activity in premotor and primary motor areas of both hemispheres was assessed by electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Older adults showed significantly higher inaccuracies and higher hemodynamic activity in both FTTs than did young adults. Correlations between grip force control owing to task complexity and beta activity were different in the contralateral premotor cortex (PMC) between younger and older adults. Collectively, these findings suggest that aging leads to impairment of grip force control and an increase in hemodynamic activity independent of task complexity. EEG beta oscillations may represent a task-specific neurophysiological marker for age-related decline in complex grip force control and its underlying compensation strategies. Further EEG-fNIRS studies are necessary to determine neurophysiological markers of dysfunctions underlying age-related motor disabilities for the improvement of individual diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Berger
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Steinberg
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Fabian Thomas
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Doppelmayr
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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21
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The age-related trajectory of visual attention neural function is altered in adults living with HIV: A cross-sectional MEG study. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103065. [PMID: 33099087 PMCID: PMC7585051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite living a normal lifespan, at least 35% of persons with HIV (PWH) in resource-rich countries develop HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). This high prevalence of cognitive decline may reflect accelerated ageing in PWH, but the evidence supporting an altered ageing phenotype in PWH has been mixed. Methods We examined the impact of ageing on the orienting of visual attention in PWH using dynamic functional mapping with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 173 participants age 22–72 years-old (94 uninfected controls, 51 cognitively-unimpaired PWH, and 28 with HAND). All MEG data were imaged using a state-of-the-art beamforming approach and neural oscillatory responses during attentional orienting were examined for ageing, HIV, and cognitive status effects. Findings All participants responded slower during trials that required attentional reorienting. Our functional mapping results revealed HIV-by-age interactions in left prefrontal theta activity, alpha oscillations in the left parietal, right cuneus, and right frontal eye-fields, and left dorsolateral prefrontal beta activity (p<.005). Critically, within PWH, we observed a cognitive status-by-age interaction, which revealed that ageing impacted the oscillatory gamma activity serving attentional reorienting differently in cognitively-normal PWH relative to those with HAND in the left temporoparietal, inferior frontal gyrus, and right prefrontal cortices (p<.005). Interpretation This study provides key evidence supporting altered ageing trajectories across vital attention circuitry in PWH, and further suggests that those with HAND exhibit unique age-related changes in the oscillatory dynamics serving attention function. Additionally, our neural findings suggest that age-related changes in PWH may serve a compensatory function. Funding National Institutes of Health, USA.
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22
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Pavlov AN, Pitsik EN, Frolov NS, Badarin A, Pavlova ON, Hramov AE. Age-Related Distinctions in EEG Signals during Execution of Motor Tasks Characterized in Terms of Long-Range Correlations. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20205843. [PMID: 33076556 PMCID: PMC7602706 DOI: 10.3390/s20205843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The problem of revealing age-related distinctions in multichannel electroencephalograms (EEGs) during the execution of motor tasks in young and elderly adults is addressed herein. Based on the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), differences in long-range correlations are considered, emphasizing changes in the scaling exponent α. Stronger responses in elderly subjects are confirmed, including the range and rate of increase in α. Unlike elderly subjects, young adults demonstrated about 2.5 times more pronounced differences between motor task responses with the dominant and non-dominant hand. Knowledge of age-related changes in brain electrical activity is important for understanding consequences of healthy aging and distinguishing them from pathological changes associated with brain diseases. Besides diagnosing age-related effects, the potential of DFA can also be used in the field of brain–computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N. Pavlov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.N.P.)
| | - Elena N. Pitsik
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaya Str. 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia; (E.N.P.); (N.S.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Nikita S. Frolov
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaya Str. 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia; (E.N.P.); (N.S.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Artem Badarin
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaya Str. 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia; (E.N.P.); (N.S.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Olga N. Pavlova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.N.P.)
| | - Alexander E. Hramov
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaya Str. 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia; (E.N.P.); (N.S.F.); (A.B.)
- Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarina Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Saratov State Medical University, Bolshaya Kazachya Str. 112, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Landelle C, Anton JL, Nazarian B, Sein J, Gharbi A, Felician O, Kavounoudias A. Functional brain changes in the elderly for the perception of hand movements: A greater impairment occurs in proprioception than touch. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117056. [PMID: 32562781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike age-related brain changes linked to motor activity, neural alterations related to self-motion perception remain unknown. Using fMRI data, we investigated age-related changes in the central processing of somatosensory information by inducing illusions of right-hand rotations with specific proprioceptive and tactile stimulation. Functional connectivity during resting-state (rs-FC) was also compared between younger and older participants. Results showed common sensorimotor activations in younger and older adults during proprioceptive and tactile illusions, but less deactivation in various right frontal regions and the precuneus were found in the elderly. Older participants exhibited a less-lateralized pattern of activity across the primary sensorimotor cortices (SM1) in the proprioceptive condition only. This alteration of the interhemispheric balance correlated with declining individual performance in illusion velocity perception from a proprioceptive, but not a tactile, origin. By combining task-related data, rs-FC and behavioral performance, this study provided consistent results showing that hand movement perception was altered in the elderly, with a more pronounced deterioration of the proprioceptive system, likely due to the breakdown of inhibitory processes with aging. Nevertheless, older people could benefit from an increase in internetwork connectivity to overcome this kinesthetic decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Landelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNSC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - UMR 7260), Marseille, France; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Anton
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre IRM-INT@CERIMED (Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone - UMR 7289), Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Nazarian
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre IRM-INT@CERIMED (Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone - UMR 7289), Marseille, France
| | - Julien Sein
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre IRM-INT@CERIMED (Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone - UMR 7289), Marseille, France
| | - Ali Gharbi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNSC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - UMR 7260), Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Felician
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS (Institut des Neurosciences des Systèmes - UMR1106), Marseille, France
| | - Anne Kavounoudias
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNSC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - UMR 7260), Marseille, France.
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Frolov NS, Pitsik EN, Maksimenko VA, Grubov VV, Kiselev AR, Wang Z, Hramov AE. Age-related slowing down in the motor initiation in elderly adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233942. [PMID: 32937652 PMCID: PMC7494367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the human brain functioning crucially affect the motor system, causing increased reaction time, low ability to control and execute movements, difficulties in learning new motor skills. The lifestyle and lowered daily activity of elderly adults, along with the deficit of motor and cognitive brain functions, might lead to the developed ambidexterity, i.e., the loss of dominant limb advances. Despite the broad knowledge about the changes in cortical activity directly related to the motor execution, less is known about age-related differences in the motor initiation phase. We hypothesize that the latter strongly influences the behavioral characteristics, such as reaction time, the accuracy of motor performance, etc. Here, we compare the neuronal processes underlying the motor initiation phase preceding fine motor task execution between elderly and young subjects. Based on the results of the whole-scalp sensor-level electroencephalography (EEG) analysis, we demonstrate that the age-related slowing down in the motor initiation before the dominant hand movements is accompanied by the increased theta activation within sensorimotor area and reconfiguration of the theta-band functional connectivity in elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita S. Frolov
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Innopolis University, Innopolis, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Elena N. Pitsik
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Innopolis University, Innopolis, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Maksimenko
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Innopolis University, Innopolis, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Grubov
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Innopolis University, Innopolis, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
- Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | | | - Zhen Wang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Alexander E. Hramov
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Innopolis University, Innopolis, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
- Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
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25
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Lin CS, Lin HH, Wang SJ, Fuh JL. Association between regional brain volume and masticatory performance differed in cognitively impaired and non-impaired older people. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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James EG, Hausdorff JM, Leveille SG, Travison T, Bean JF. Ankle control differentiation as a mechanism for mobility limitations. Neurosci Lett 2020; 732:135085. [PMID: 32461108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Independent control of the right and left ankles (differentiation) may be a motor control mechanism linking impaired coordination and mobility limitations. We tested the hypotheses that motor control differentiation of the ankles, as measured using Cross-Sample Entropy, during antiphase coordination at two movement frequencies, is associated with impaired coordination (high ankle coordination variability) and mobility limitations (Short Physical Performance Battery score ≤9). We conducted a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults (N = 133) aged 80.04 (±4.67) years. In linear regression modeling, low ankle Cross-Sample Entropy (low motor control differentiation) was associated with poor (i.e., high) coordination variability at the slower (P = 0.026), but not the faster (P = 0.447), ankle movement frequency. In logistic regression modeling, low Cross-Sample Entropy at the slower (OR = 1.67; 95 % CI: 1.07-2.59) and faster (OR = 2.38; 95 % CI: 1.43-3.94) ankle movement frequencies were associated with increased odds for mobility limitations. Our findings support the hypothesis that ankle differentiation may be a motor control mechanism that links impaired coordination with mobility limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G James
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Hausdorff
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Suzanne G Leveille
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Travison
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan F Bean
- New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Boston Veterans Administration Health System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Burianová H, Marstaller L, Rich AN, Williams MA, Savage G, Ryan M, Sowman PF. Motor neuroplasticity: A MEG-fMRI study of motor imagery and execution in healthy ageing. Neuropsychologia 2020; 146:107539. [PMID: 32629033 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related decline in motor function is associated with over-activation of the sensorimotor circuitry. Using a multimodal MEG-fMRI paradigm, we investigated whether this neural over-recruitment in old age would be related to changes in movement-related beta desynchronization (MRBD), a correlate of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and whether it would characterize compensatory recruitment or a reduction in neural specialization (dedifferentiation). We used MEG to assess age-related changes in beta band oscillations in primary motor cortices, fMRI to localize age-related changes in brain activity, and the Finger Configuration Task to measure task performance during overt and covert motor processing: motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI). The results are threefold: first, showing age-related neuroplasticity during ME of older adults, compared to young adults, as evidenced by increased MRBD in motor cortices and over-recruitment of sensorimotor areas; second, showing similar age-related neuroplastic changes during MI; and finally, showing signs of dedifferentiation during ME in older adults whose performance negatively correlated with connectivity to bilateral primary motor cortex. Together, these findings demonstrate that elevated MRBD levels, reflecting greater GABAergic inhibitory activity, and over-activation of the sensorimotor network during ME may not be compensatory, but rather might reflect an age-related decline of the quality of the underlying neural signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Burianová
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Lars Marstaller
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; ARC Science of Learning Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anina N Rich
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark A Williams
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Greg Savage
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret Ryan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul F Sowman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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28
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Song Y, Adams S, Legon W. Intermittent theta burst stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex accelerates visuomotor adaptation with delayed feedback. Cortex 2020; 129:376-389. [PMID: 32574841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Implicit adaptation to visual rotations during fast reaching is a well-recognized function of the cerebellum. However, there is still no well-established understanding of the neural underpinnings that support explicit processes during visuomotor adaptation. We tested the causative involvement of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in an adaptive reaching task by employing excitatory intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to left or right DLPFC during learning to adapt to a sudden large visual rotation with delayed terminal feedback. Spontaneous resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded before and immediately after the administration of iTBS. iTBS to right DLPFC, compared to left DLPFC or control, induced faster adaptation to the rotation and had a greater adjustment of aiming directions in early adaptation trials. Moreover, resting-state functional connectivity of EEG of the frontal cortex after iTBS predicted subsequent adaptation rate. These results suggest a critical role of right DLPFC in supporting explicit learning in the adaptive reaching task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Song
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Sarah Adams
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Wynn Legon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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29
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Validating the Capability for Measuring Age-Related Changes in Grip-Force Strength Using a Digital Hand-Held Dynamometer in Healthy Young and Elderly Adults. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6936879. [PMID: 32382565 PMCID: PMC7191369 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6936879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Grip-force performance can be affected by aging, and hand-grip weakness is associated with functional limitations of dasily living. However, using an appropriate digital hand-held dynamometer with continuous hand-grip force data collection shows age-related changes in the quality of hand-grip force control may provide more valuable information for clinical diagnoses rather than merely recording instantaneous maximal hand-grip force in frail elderly adults or people with a disability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to indicate the construct validity of the digital MicroFET3 dynamometer with Jamar values for maximal grip-force assessments in elderly and young adults and confirmed age-related changes in the maximal and the quality of grip-force performance using the MicroFET3 dynamometer in elderly people. Methods Sixty-five healthy young (23.3 ± 4.5 years) and 50 elderly (69.5 ± 5.8 years) adults were recruited and asked to perform a validity test of the grip-force maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) using both the dominant and nondominant hands with a Jamar dynamometer and a MicroFET3 dynamometer. Results A strong correlation of maximal grip-force measurements was found between the MicroFET3 dynamometer and Jamar standard dynamometer for both hands in all participants (p < 0.05). Although, the results showed that a lower grip force was measured in both hands by the MicroFET3 dynamometer than with the Jamar dynamometer by 49.9%~57% (p < 0.05), but confidently conversion formulae were also developed to convert MicroFET3 dynamometer values to equivalent Jamar values for both hands. Both dynamometers indicated age-related declines in the maximum grip-force performance by 36.7%~44.3% (p < 0.05). We also found that the maximal hand-grip force values generated in both hand by the elderly adults were slower and more inconsistent than those of the young adults when using the MicroFET3 dynamometer. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the digital MicroFET3 dynamometer has good validity when used to measure the maximal grip force of both hands, and conversion formulae were also developed to convert MicroFET3 dynamometer force values to Jamar values in both hands. Comparing with the Jamar dynamometer for measuring grip force, the MicroFET3 dynamometer not only indicated age-related declines in the maximum grip-force performance but also showed slower and more inconsistent maximal hand-grip strength generation by the elderly.
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30
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Borzuola R, Giombini A, Torre G, Campi S, Albo E, Bravi M, Borrione P, Fossati C, Macaluso A. Central and Peripheral Neuromuscular Adaptations to Ageing. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030741. [PMID: 32182904 PMCID: PMC7141192 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by a severe muscle function decline presumably caused by structural and functional adaptations at the central and peripheral level. Although researchers have reported an extensive analysis of the alterations involving muscle intrinsic properties, only a limited number of studies have recognised the importance of the central nervous system, and its reorganisation, on neuromuscular decline. Neural changes, such as degeneration of the human cortex and function of spinal circuitry, as well as the remodelling of the neuromuscular junction and motor units, appear to play a fundamental role in muscle quality decay and culminate with considerable impairments in voluntary activation and motor performance. Modern diagnostic techniques have provided indisputable evidence of a structural and morphological rearrangement of the central nervous system during ageing. Nevertheless, there is no clear insight on how such structural reorganisation contributes to the age-related functional decline and whether it is a result of a neural malfunction or serves as a compensatory mechanism to preserve motor control and performance in the elderly population. Combining leading-edge techniques such as high-density surface electromyography (EMG) and improved diagnostic procedures such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or high-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) could be essential to address the unresolved controversies and achieve an extensive understanding of the relationship between neural adaptations and muscle decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Borzuola
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.G.); (P.B.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Arrigo Giombini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.G.); (P.B.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Guglielmo Torre
- Department of Orthopaedic And Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +6-225-418-825
| | - Stefano Campi
- Department of Orthopaedic And Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Erika Albo
- Department of Orthopaedic And Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Marco Bravi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.G.); (P.B.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.G.); (P.B.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Macaluso
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.G.); (P.B.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
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Lin CS. Functional Adaptation of Oromotor Functions and Aging: A Focused Review of the Evidence From Brain Neuroimaging Research. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:354. [PMID: 31998112 PMCID: PMC6962247 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
“Practice makes perfect” is a principle widely applied when one is acquiring a new sensorimotor skill to cope with challenges from a new environment. In terms of oral healthcare, the traditional view holds that restoring decayed structures is one of the primary aims of treatment. This assumes that the patient’s oromotor functions would be recovered back to normal levels after the restoration. However, in older patients, such a structural–functional coupling after dental treatment shows a great degree of individual variations. For example, after prosthodontic treatment, some patients would adapt themselves quickly to the new dentures, while others would not. In this Focused Review, I argue that the functional aspects of adaptation—which would be predominantly associated with the brain mechanisms of cognitive processing and motor learning—play a critical role in the individual differences in the adaptive behaviors of oromotor functions. This thesis is critical to geriatric oral healthcare since the variation in the capacity of cognitive processing and motor learning is critically associated with aging. In this review, (a) the association between aging and the brain-stomatognathic axis will be introduced; (b) the brain mechanisms underlying the association between aging, compensatory behavior, and motor learning will be briefly summarized; (c) the neuroimaging evidence that suggests the role of cognitive processing and motor learning in oromotor functions will be summarized, and critically, the brain mechanisms underlying mastication and swallowing in older people will be discussed; and (d) based on the current knowledge, an experimental framework for investigating the association between aging and the functional adaptation of oromotor functions will be proposed. Finally, I will comment on the practical implications of this framework and postulate questions open for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shu Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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32
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Gerver CR, Neely KA, Kurkela KA, Diaz MT, Goodman JT, Blouch S, Samimy S, Dennis NA. Shared neural recruitment across working memory and motor control tasks as a function of task difficulty and age. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2019; 27:864-879. [PMID: 31877068 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1700898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Past research suggests that working memory (WM) and motor control may engage similar cognitive and neural mechanisms in older adults, particularly when task difficulty increases. However, much of this evidence arises from comparisons across behavioral and imaging studies that test only one of the foregoing functional domains. The current study used fMRI within the same group of older adults to investigate whether WM and motor control recruit common mechanisms, and whether recruitment increased with task demand and age. A conjunction analysis across WM and motor tasks revealed engagement of several frontoparietal regions as a function of increasing task demand. A separate conjunction analysis which included age as a predictor showed comparable regions exhibit increased recruitment with both increasing task demand and age. Results suggest that the recruitment of common frontoparietal regions across WM and motor tasks in response to task difficulty is maintained across the older adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Gerver
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University , State College, PA, USA
| | | | - Kyle A Kurkela
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University , State College, PA, USA
| | - Michele T Diaz
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University , State College, PA, USA
| | - Jordan T Goodman
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University , State College, PA, USA
| | - Samantha Blouch
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University , State College, PA, USA
| | - Shaadee Samimy
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University , State College, PA, USA
| | - Nancy A Dennis
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University , State College, PA, USA
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33
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Individual identification for different age groups using functional connectivity strength. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:417-426. [PMID: 31713193 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Many studies demonstrate individual differences in functional network, especially those with age. Meanwhile, aging is one of the potential risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, it is important to explore the discrepant pattern in aging population. METHODS Most existing methods mostly target ancient atlas for the extraction of the classification features and not consider the effect of global signal. We use two novel atlases for the extraction of classification features and then use the whole and intra-hemispheric functional connectivity strength (FCS) as classification parameters to classify different age groups, respectively. Meanwhile, the regression of global signal or not during the preprocessing has been considered. Next, the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) method is applied for feature selection and the SVM method is applied for classification. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve are drawn to evaluate the robustness of classifier. Finally, the discriminative features are related to the physiological mechanism of aging. RESULTS The promising classification performance exhibits that the FCS can effectively distinguish different age groups. Moreover, the SVM-RFE method can increase the accuracy and extract the discriminative features. The classifiers constructed by the features derived from different atlas receive similar classification performance. CONCLUSION This study successfully distinguishes the young group, middle-aged group, and elderly group through FCS parameter, indicating the functional pattern of the network exists difference between three groups. Moreover, the results received by the SVM-RFE method and SVM classifier have the very good robustness and not specific to particular atlas and not affected by global signal and appropriate for the FCS of the whole brain or intra-hemisphere, which suggests that we can apply them to disease diagnosis in the future.
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Tscherpel C, Hensel L, Lemberg K, Freytag J, Michely J, Volz LJ, Fink GR, Grefkes C. Age affects the contribution of ipsilateral brain regions to movement kinematics. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:640-655. [PMID: 31617272 PMCID: PMC7268044 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is accompanied by changes in brain activation patterns in the motor system. In older subjects, unilateral hand movements typically rely on increased recruitment of ipsilateral frontoparietal areas. While the two central concepts of aging‐related brain activity changes, “Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults” (HAROLD), and “Posterior to Anterior Shift in Aging” (PASA), have initially been suggested in the context of cognitive tasks and were attributed to compensation, current knowledge regarding the functional significance of increased motor system activity remains scarce. We, therefore, used online interference transcranial magnetic stimulation in young and older subjects to investigate the role of key regions of the ipsilateral frontoparietal cortex, that is, (a) primary motor cortex (M1), (b) dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), and (c) anterior intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in the control of hand movements of different motor demands. Our data suggest a change of the functional roles of ipsilateral brain areas in healthy age with a reduced relevance of ipsilateral M1 and a shift of importance toward dPMC for repetitive high‐frequency movements. These results support the notion that mechanisms conceptualized in the models of “PASA” and “HAROLD” also apply to the motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Tscherpel
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lukas Hensel
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Lemberg
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jana Freytag
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jochen Michely
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lukas J Volz
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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35
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Kenney JPM, Ward C, Gallen D, Roche RAP, Dockree P, Hohensen N, Cassidy C, Keane MA, Hogan MJ. Self-initiated learning reveals memory performance and electrophysiological differences between younger, older and older adults with relative memory impairment. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3855-3872. [PMID: 31344285 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Older adults display difficulties in encoding and retrieval of information, resulting in poorer memory. This may be due to an inability of older adults to engage elaborative encoding strategies during learning. This study examined behavioural and electrophysiological effects of explicit cues to self-initiate learning during encoding and subsequent recognition of words in younger adults (YA), older control adults (OA) and older adults with relative memory impairment (OD). The task was a variation of the old/new paradigm, some study items were preceded by a cue to learn the word (L) while others by a do not learn cue (X). Behaviourally, YA outperformed OA and OD on the recognition task, with no significant difference between OA and OD. Event-related potentials at encoding revealed enhanced early visual processing (70-140 ms) for L- versus X-words in young and old. Only YA exhibited a greater late posterior positivity (LPP; 200-500 ms) for all words during encoding perhaps reflecting superior encoding strategy. During recognition, only YA differentiated L- versus X-words with enhanced frontal P200 (150-250 ms) suggesting impaired early word selection for retrieval in older groups; however, OD had enhanced P200 activity compared to OA during L-word retrieval. The LPP (250-500 ms) was reduced in amplitude for L-words compared to both X- and new words. However, YA showed greater LPP amplitude for all words compared to OA. For older groups, we observed reduced left parietal hemispheric asymmetry apparent in YA during encoding and recognition, especially for OD. Findings are interpreted in the light of models of compensation and dedifferentiation associated with age-related changes in memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne P M Kenney
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christina Ward
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Dervla Gallen
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Paul Dockree
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola Hohensen
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Clare Cassidy
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Michael J Hogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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36
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Sessle BJ. Can you be too old for oral implants? An update on ageing and plasticity in the oro‐facial sensorimotor system. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:936-951. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Sessle
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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37
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Corticospinal control of normal and visually guided gait in healthy older and younger adults. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 78:29-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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38
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Brunsdon VEA, Bradford EEF, Ferguson HJ. Sensorimotor mu rhythm during action observation changes across the lifespan independently from social cognitive processes. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 38:100659. [PMID: 31132663 PMCID: PMC6688050 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation of actions performed by another person activates parts of the brain as if the observer were performing that action, referred to as the 'mirror system'. Very little is currently known about the developmental trajectory of the mirror system and related social cognitive processes. This experimental study sought to explore the modulation of the sensorimotor mu rhythm during action observation using EEG measures, and how these may relate to social cognitive abilities across the lifespan, from late childhood through to old age. Three-hundred and one participants aged 10- to 86-years-old completed an action observation EEG task and three additional explicit measures of social cognition. As predicted, findings show enhanced sensorimotor alpha and beta desynchronization during hand action observation as compared to static hand observation. Overall, our findings indicate that the reactivity of the sensorimotor mu rhythm to the observation of others' actions increases throughout the lifespan, independently from social cognitive processes.
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39
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Rueda-Delgado LM, Heise KF, Daffertshofer A, Mantini D, Swinnen SP. Age-related differences in neural spectral power during motor learning. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 77:44-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Association Between Sensorimotor Impairments and Functional Brain Changes in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Critical Review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 97:200-211. [PMID: 29112509 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) coincides with sensorimotor impairments, for example, reduced lumbosacral tactile and proprioceptive acuity and postural control deficits. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that sensorimotor impairments in LBP may be associated with brain changes. However, no consensus exists regarding the relationship between functional brain changes and sensorimotor behavior in LBP. Therefore, this review critically discusses the available functional magnetic resonance imaging studies on brain activation related to nonnociceptive somatosensory stimulation and motor performance in individuals with LBP. Four electronic databases were searched, yielding nine relevant studies. Patients with LBP showed reduced sensorimotor-related brain activation and a reorganized lumbar spine representation in higher-order (multi)sensory processing and motor regions, including primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, supplementary motor area, and superior temporal gyrus. These results may support behavioral findings of sensorimotor impairments in LBP. In addition, patients with LBP displayed widespread increased sensorimotor-evoked brain activation in regions often associated with abnormal pain processing. Overactivation in these regions could indicate an overresponsiveness to sensory inputs that signal potential harm to the spine, thereby inducing overgeneralized protective responses. Hence, functional brain changes could contribute to the development and recurrence of LBP. However, future studies investigating the causality between sensorimotor-related brain function and LBP are imperative.
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41
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Škarabot J, Ansdell P, Brownstein CG, Hicks KM, Howatson G, Goodall S, Durbaba R. Reduced corticospinal responses in older compared with younger adults during submaximal isometric, shortening, and lengthening contractions. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1015-1031. [PMID: 30730812 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00987.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess differences in motor performance, as well as corticospinal and spinal responses to transcranial magnetic and percutaneous nerve stimulation, respectively, during submaximal isometric, shortening, and lengthening contractions between younger and older adults. Fifteen younger [26 yr (SD 4); 7 women, 8 men] and 14 older [64 yr (SD 3); 5 women, 9 men] adults performed isometric and shortening and lengthening dorsiflexion on an isokinetic dynamometer (5°/s) at 25% and 50% of contraction type-specific maximums. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and H reflexes were recorded at anatomical zero. Maximal dorsiflexor torque was greater during lengthening compared with shortening and isometric contractions ( P < 0.001) but was not age dependent ( P = 0.158). However, torque variability was greater in older compared with young adults ( P < 0.001). Background electromyographic (EMG) activity was greater in older compared with younger adults ( P < 0.005) and was contraction type dependent ( P < 0.001). As evoked responses are influenced by both the maximal level of excitation and background EMG activity, the responses were additionally normalized {[MEP/maximum M wave (Mmax)]/root-mean-square EMG activity (RMS) and [H reflex (H)/Mmax]/RMS}. (MEP/Mmax)/RMS and (H/Mmax)/RMS were similar across contraction types but were greater in young compared with older adults ( P < 0.001). Peripheral motor conduction times were prolonged in older adults ( P = 0.003), whereas peripheral sensory conduction times and central motor conduction times were not age dependent ( P ≥ 0.356). These data suggest that age-related changes throughout the central nervous system serve to accommodate contraction type-specific motor control. Moreover, a reduction in corticospinal responses and increased torque variability seem to occur without a significant reduction in maximal torque-producing capacity during older age. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to have explored corticospinal and spinal responses with aging during submaximal contractions of different types (isometric, shortening, and lengthening) in lower limb musculature. It is demonstrated that despite preserved maximal torque production capacity corticospinal responses are reduced in older compared with younger adults across contraction types along with increased torque variability during dynamic contractions. This suggests that the age-related corticospinal changes serve to accommodate contraction type-specific motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Škarabot
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - Paul Ansdell
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - Callum G Brownstein
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom.,Université Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Kirsty M Hicks
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom.,Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Stuart Goodall
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - Rade Durbaba
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , United Kingdom
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42
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Li H, Cao W, Zhang X, Sun B, Jiang S, Li J, Liu C, Yin W, Wu Y, Liu T, Yao D, Luo C. BOLD-fMRI reveals the association between renal oxygenation and functional connectivity in the aging brain. Neuroimage 2019; 186:510-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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43
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Michels L, Dietz V, Schättin A, Schrafl-Altermatt M. Neuroplastic Changes in Older Adults Performing Cooperative Hand Movements. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:488. [PMID: 30618675 PMCID: PMC6300783 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether older adults use the same task-specific brain activation patterns during two different bimanual hand movement tasks as younger adults. Functional magnetic resonance brain imaging was performed in 18 younger (mean age: 30.3 ± 3.6 years) and 11 older adults (62.6 ± 6.8 years) during the execution of cooperative (mimicking opening a bottle) or non-cooperative (bimanual pro-/supination) hand movements. We expected to see a stronger task-specific involvement of the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) during cooperative hand movements in older compared to younger adults. However, S2 activation was present in both groups during the cooperative task and was only significantly stronger compared to the non-cooperative task in younger adults. In a whole brain-analysis, the contrast between older and younger adults revealed a hyperactivation of the bilateral dorsal premotor cortex (precentral gyrus), right thalamus, right frontal operculum, anterior cingulate cortex, and supplementary motor areas in older adults (p < 0.001), with some of them being visible after correcting for age. Age was positively associated with fMRI signal changes in these regions across the whole sample. Older adults showed reduced gray matter volume but not in regions showing task-related fMRI group differences. We also found an increase in functional connectivity between SMA, M1, thalamus, and precentral gyri in older adults. In contrast, younger adults showed hyperconnectivity between S2 and S1. We conclude that older compared to younger adults show age-related functional neuroplastic changes in brain regions involved in motor control and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Michels
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,MR-Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Volker Dietz
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Schättin
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Schrafl-Altermatt
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.,Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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44
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Berghuis KMM, Fagioli S, Maurits NM, Zijdewind I, Marsman JBC, Hortobágyi T, Koch G, Bozzali M. Age-related changes in brain deactivation but not in activation after motor learning. Neuroimage 2018; 186:358-368. [PMID: 30439511 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is poorly understood how healthy aging affects neural mechanisms underlying motor learning. We used blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrasts to examine age-related changes in brain activation after acquisition and consolidation (24 h) of a visuomotor tracking skill. Additionally, structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging were used to examine age-related structural changes in the brain. Older adults had reduced gray matter volume (628 ± 57 ml) and mean white matter anisotropy (0.18 ± 0.03) compared with young adults (741 ± 59 ml and 0.22 ± 0.02, respectively). Although motor performance was 53% lower in older (n = 15, mean age 63.1 years) compared with young adults (n = 15, mean age 25.5 years), motor practice improved motor performance similarly in both age groups. While executing the task, older adults showed in general greater brain activation compared with young adults. BOLD activation decreased in parietal and occipital areas after skill acquisition but activation increased in these areas after consolidation in both age groups, indicating more efficient visuospatial processing immediately after skill acquisition. Changes in deactivation in specific areas were age-dependent after consolidating the motor skill into motor memory. Young adults showed greater deactivations from post-test to retention in parietal, occipital and temporal cortices, whereas older adults showed smaller deactivation in the frontal cortex. Since learning rate was similar between age groups, age-related changes in activation patterns may be interpreted as a compensatory mechanism for age-related structural decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M M Berghuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuroimaging Laboratory, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Rome, Italy.
| | - S Fagioli
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuroimaging Laboratory, Rome, Italy; University of Roma Tre, Department of Education, Rome, Italy
| | - N M Maurits
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - I Zijdewind
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J B C Marsman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - T Hortobágyi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Koch
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - M Bozzali
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuroimaging Laboratory, Rome, Italy; University of Sussex, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Neuroscience, Brighton, United Kingdom
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45
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Hand movement illusions show changes in sensory reliance and preservation of multisensory integration with age for kinaesthesia. Neuropsychologia 2018; 119:45-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Activation, Inhibition, or Something Else: An Exploratory Study on Response Priming Using Moving Dots as Primes in Middle-Aged and Old Adults. J Aging Res 2018; 2018:7432602. [PMID: 30018823 PMCID: PMC6029502 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7432602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Response priming refers to the finding that a prime stimulus preceding a target stimulus influences the response to the following target stimulus. With young subjects, using moving dot stimuli as primes indicated faster responses to compatible targets (i.e., prime and target are associated with the same response) with short stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). In contrast, with longer SOAs, participants responded faster to incompatible targets. In the present study, we extended the evidence by comparing middle-aged (50-65 years) and old (66-87 years) adults. With two different motion types, the result found in young participants was replicated in the middle-aged adults. In contrast, old adults showed large positive compatibility effects with the short SOA but neither activation nor inhibition effects with the longer SOA. We discuss our findings in light of several theoretical accounts (i.e., inhibitory deficit, deautomatization, evaluation window account, attention, rapid decay).
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47
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Abstract
Performance fatigability is characterized as an acute decline in motor performance caused by an exercise-induced reduction in force or power of the involved muscles. Multiple mechanisms contribute to performance fatigability and originate from neural and muscular processes, with the task demands dictating the mechanisms. This review highlights that (1) inadequate activation of the motoneuron pool can contribute to performance fatigability, and (2) the demands of the task and the physiological characteristics of the population assessed, dictate fatigability and the involved mechanisms. Examples of task and population differences in fatigability highlighted in this review include contraction intensity and velocity, stability and support provided to the fatiguing limb, sex differences, and aging. A future challenge is to define specific mechanisms of fatigability and to translate these findings to real-world performance and exercise training in healthy and clinical populations across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
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48
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Venturelli M, Reggiani C, Richardson RS, Schena F. Skeletal Muscle Function in the Oldest-Old: The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2018; 46:188-194. [PMID: 29672349 PMCID: PMC6005743 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle function is diminished with advanced age, single muscle fiber function seems to be preserved. Therefore, this review examines the hypothesis that the skeletal muscle fiber, per se, is not the predominant factor responsible for the reduction in force-generating capacity in the oldest-old, but, rather, is attributable to a combination of factors external to the muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences. University of Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Center of Koper, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Russell S. Richardson
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences. University of Verona, Italy
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49
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Impact of Aging on Endurance and Neuromuscular Physical Performance: The Role of Vascular Senescence. Sports Med 2018; 47:583-598. [PMID: 27459861 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The portion of society aged ≥60 years is the fastest growing population in the Western hemisphere. Aging is associated with numerous changes to systemic physiology that affect physical function and performance. We present a narrative review of the literature aimed at discussing the age-related changes in various metrics of physical performance (exercise economy, anaerobic threshold, peak oxygen uptake, muscle strength, and power). It also explores aging exercise physiology as it relates to global physical performance. Finally, this review examines the vascular contributions to aging exercise physiology. Numerous studies have shown that older adults exhibit substantial reductions in physical performance. The process of decline in endurance capacity is particularly insidious over the age of 60 years and varies considerably as a function of sex, task specificity, and individual training status. Starting at the age of 50 years, aging also implicates an impressive deterioration of neuromuscular function, affecting muscle strength and power. Muscle atrophy, together with minor deficits in the structure and function of the nervous system and/or impairments in intrinsic muscle quality, plays an important role in the development of neuromotor senescence. Large artery stiffness increases as a function of age, thus triggering subsequent changes in pulsatile hemodynamics and systemic endothelial dysfunction. For this reason, we propose that vascular senescence has a negative impact on cerebral, cardiac, and neuromuscular structure and function, detrimentally affecting physical performance.
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50
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Rosen AC, Soman S, Bhat J, Laird AR, Stephens J, Eickhoff SB, Fox PM, Long B, Dinishak D, Ortega M, Lane B, Wintermark M, Hitchner E, Zhou W. Convergence Analysis of Micro-Lesions (CAML): An approach to mapping of diffuse lesions from carotid revascularization. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:553-559. [PMID: 29868451 PMCID: PMC5984594 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carotid revascularization (endarterectomy, stenting) prevents stroke; however, procedure-related embolization is common and results in small brain lesions easily identified by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). A crucial barrier to understanding the clinical significance of these lesions has been the lack of a statistical approach to identify vulnerable brain areas. The problem is that the lesions are small, numerous, and non-overlapping. Here we address this problem with a new method, the Convergence Analysis of Micro-Lesions (CAML) technique, an extension of the Anatomic Likelihood Analysis (ALE). The method combines manual lesion tracing, constraints based on known lesion patterns, and convergence analysis to represent regions vulnerable to lesions as probabilistic brain atlases. Two studies were conducted over the course of 12 years in an active, vascular surgery clinic. An analysis in an initial group of 126 patients at 1.5 T MRI was cross-validated in a second group of 80 patients at 3T MRI. In CAML, lesions were manually defined and center points identified. Brains were aligned according to side of surgery since this factor powerfully determines lesion distribution. A convergence based analysis, was performed on each of these groups. Results indicated the most consistent region of vulnerability was in motor and premotor cortex regions. Smaller regions common to both groups included the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial parietal regions. Vulnerability of motor cortex is consistent with previous work showing changes in hand dexterity associated with these procedures. The consistency of CAML also demonstrates the feasibility of this new approach to characterize small, diffuse, non-overlapping lesions in patients with multifocal pathologies. Convergence Analysis of Micro-Lesions technique finds patterns in diffuse lesions. Lesions from carotid revascularization affect consistent brain targets. Motor cortex is the most vulnerable brain region to these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson C Rosen
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
| | - Salil Soman
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Boston, MA 00215, United States
| | - Jyoti Bhat
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, School of Integrated Science and Humanity, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Jeffrey Stephens
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - P Mickle Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Becky Long
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, TX 79905, United States
| | - David Dinishak
- Palo Alto University, Redwood City, CA 94063, United States
| | - Mario Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Barton Lane
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Max Wintermark
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Elizabeth Hitchner
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Surgery, Tucson, AZ 85724-5066, United States
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