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Bhat MA, Dhaneshwar S. Neurodegenerative Diseases: New Hopes and Perspectives. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1004-1032. [PMID: 37691199 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230907093451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and Friedrich ataxia are all incurable neurodegenerative diseases defined by the continuous progressive loss of distinct neuronal subtypes. Despite their rising prevalence among the world's ageing population, fewer advances have been made in the concurrent massive efforts to develop newer drugs. Recently, there has been a shift in research focus towards the discovery of new therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have summarized the recently developed therapies and their status in the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aadil Bhat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India
| | - Suneela Dhaneshwar
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Carbonell F, McNicoll C, Zijdenbos AP, Bedell BJ. Spatial association between distributed β-amyloid and tau varies with cognition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559737. [PMID: 37808643 PMCID: PMC10557646 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Several PET studies have explored the relationship between β-amyloid load and tau uptake at the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Most of these studies have focused on the linear relationship between β-amyloid and tau at the local level and their synergistic effect on different AD biomarkers. We hypothesize that patterns of spatial association between β-amyloid and tau might be uncovered using alternative association metrics that account for linear as well as more complex, possible nonlinear dependencies. In the present study, we propose a new Canonical Distance Correlation Analysis (CDCA) to generate distinctive spatial patterns of the cross-correlation structure between tau, as measured by [18F]flortaucipir PET, and β-amyloid, as measured by [18F]florbetapir PET, from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. We found that the CDCA-based β-amyloid scores were not only maximally distance-correlated to tau in cognitively normal (CN) controls and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but also differentiated between low and high levels of β-amyloid uptake. The most distinctive spatial association pattern was characterized by a spread of β-amyloid covering large areas of the cortex and localized tau in the entorhinal cortex. More importantly, this spatial dependency varies according to cognition, which cannot be explained by the uptake differences in β-amyloid or tau between CN and MCI subjects. Hence, the CDCA-based scores might be more accurate than the amyloid or tau SUVR for the enrollment in clinical trials of those individuals on the path of cognitive deterioration.
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Kepp KP, Robakis NK, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Sensi SL, Vissel B. The amyloid cascade hypothesis: an updated critical review. Brain 2023; 146:3969-3990. [PMID: 37183523 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Results from recent clinical trials of antibodies that target amyloid-β (Aβ) for Alzheimer's disease have created excitement and have been heralded as corroboration of the amyloid cascade hypothesis. However, while Aβ may contribute to disease, genetic, clinical, imaging and biochemical data suggest a more complex aetiology. Here we review the history and weaknesses of the amyloid cascade hypothesis in view of the new evidence obtained from clinical trials of anti-amyloid antibodies. These trials indicate that the treatments have either no or uncertain clinical effect on cognition. Despite the importance of amyloid in the definition of Alzheimer's disease, we argue that the data point to Aβ playing a minor aetiological role. We also discuss data suggesting that the concerted activity of many pathogenic factors contribute to Alzheimer's disease and propose that evolving multi-factor disease models will better underpin the search for more effective strategies to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P Kepp
- Section of Biophysical and Biomedicinal chemistry, DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nikolaos K Robakis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Poul F Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, and Institute for Advanced Biotechnology (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66013, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Bryce Vissel
- St Vincent's Hospital Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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4
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Fedele E. Anti-Amyloid Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease and the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14499. [PMID: 37833948 PMCID: PMC10578107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, the majority of (pre)clinical efforts to find an effective therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) focused on clearing the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) from the brain since, according to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the peptide was (and it is still considered by many) the pathogenic determinant of this neurodegenerative disorder. However, as reviewed in this article, results from the numerous clinical trials that have tested anti-Aβ therapies to date indicate that this peptide plays a minor role in the pathogenesis of AD. Indeed, even Aducanumab and Lecanemab, the two antibodies recently approved by the FDA for AD therapy, as well as Donanemab showed limited efficacy on cognitive parameters in phase III clinical trials, despite their capability of markedly lowering Aβ brain load. Furthermore, preclinical evidence demonstrates that Aβ possesses several physiological functions, including memory formation, suggesting that AD may in part be due to a loss of function of this peptide. Finally, it is generally accepted that AD could be the result of many molecular dysfunctions, and therefore, if we keep chasing only Aβ, it means that we cannot see the forest for the trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Fedele
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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5
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Naser SS, Singh D, Preetam S, Kishore S, Kumar L, Nandi A, Simnani FZ, Choudhury A, Sinha A, Mishra YK, Suar M, Panda PK, Malik S, Verma SK. Posterity of nanoscience as lipid nanosystems for Alzheimer's disease regression. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100701. [PMID: 37415846 PMCID: PMC10320624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of dementia that affects a vast number of people around the world, causing a great deal of misery and death. Evidence reveals a relationship between the presence of soluble Aβ peptide aggregates and the severity of dementia in Alzheimer's patients. The BBB (Blood Brain Barrier) is a key problem in Alzheimer's disease because it prevents therapeutics from reaching the desired places. To address the issue, lipid nanosystems have been employed to deliver therapeutic chemicals for anti-AD therapy in a precise and targeted manner. The applicability and clinical significance of lipid nanosystems to deliver therapeutic chemicals (Galantamine, Nicotinamide, Quercetin, Resveratrol, Curcumin, HUPA, Rapamycin, and Ibuprofen) for anti-AD therapy will be discussed in this review. Furthermore, the clinical implications of the aforementioned therapeutic compounds for anti-AD treatment have been examined. Thus, this review will pave the way for researchers to fashion therodiagnostics approaches based on nanomedicine to overcome the problems of delivering therapeutic molecules across the blood brain barrier (BBB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Sheeran Naser
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Dibyangshee Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Subham Preetam
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvägen 18, 59053 Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Shristi Kishore
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India
| | - Lamha Kumar
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Aditya Nandi
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Faizan Zarreen Simnani
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Anmol Choudhury
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alison 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sumira Malik
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Suresh K. Verma
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
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6
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Tomizawa I, Chiu YW, Hori Y, Tomita T. [Identification of novel regulators involved in AD pathogenesis using the CRISPR-Cas9 system]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2023; 158:21-25. [PMID: 36596482 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.22081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The production of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is an important process relating to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). It is widely known that the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases lead to the production of Aβ. However, the precise regulatory mechanism for Aβ production remains unclear. We have established a CRISPR-Cas9 based screening system to identify the novel regulators of Aβ production. Calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1) was identified as a novel potential negative regulator of Aβ production. The knockdown and knockout of Cib1 significantly increased Aβ levels. In addition, immunoprecipitation showed that CIB1 interacts with the γ-secretase complex but did not alter its enzymatic activity. Moreover, Cib1 disruption specifically reduced the cell-surface localization of the γ-secretase complex. Finally, the single-cell RNA-seq analysis in the human brain demonstrated that early-stage AD patients have lower neuronal CIB1 mRNA levels compared to healthy controls. Taken together, we have shown that CIB1 controls the subcellular localization of γ-secretase, resulting in the regulation of Aβ production, suggesting the involvement of CIB1 in the development of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Tomizawa
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo
| | - Yung-Wen Chiu
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo
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Reiss AB, Ahmed S, Dayaramani C, Glass AD, Gomolin IH, Pinkhasov A, Stecker MM, Wisniewski T, De Leon J. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: A potential pathway to treatment. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Wankhede NL, Kale MB, Upaganlawar AB, Taksande BG, Umekar MJ, Behl T, Abdellatif AAH, Bhaskaran PM, Dachani SR, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Dailah HG, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Involvement of molecular chaperone in protein-misfolding brain diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112647. [PMID: 35149361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding causes aggregation and build-up in a variety of brain diseases. There are numeral molecules that are linked with the protein homeostasis mechanism. Molecular chaperones are one of such molecules that are responsible for protection against protein misfolded and aggregation-induced neurotoxicity. Many studies have explored the participation of molecular chaperones in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's diseases. In this review, we highlighted the constructive role of molecular chaperones in neurological diseases characterized by protein misfolding and aggregation and their capability to control aberrant protein interactions at an early stage thus successfully suppressing pathogenic cascades. A comprehensive understanding of the protein misfolding associated with brain diseases and the molecular basis of involvement of chaperone against aggregation-induced cellular stress might lead to the progress of new therapeutic intrusion-related to protein misfolding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu L Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nasik, Maharashta, India
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Sudarshan Reddy Dachani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Al-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan university, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
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9
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Xu J, Li D, Lu Y, Zheng TY. Aβ monomers protect lens epithelial cells against oxidative stress by upregulating CDC25B. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:161-170. [PMID: 34478836 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed high β-amyloid (Aβ) expression levels in the nuclei of the lens epithelial cells (LECs) of healthy subjects and revealed that Aβ monomers could protect LECs from oxidative damage. Here, we further explored the mechanism by which Aβ monomers act as transcription factors to regulate the oxidative stress of LECs through high-throughput studies. First, we compared the Aβ-binding sites in the lens epithelia (LE) of age-related cataract patients with those in the LE of healthy donors via chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), and we identified comparable numbers (1648 and 1445, respectively) of Aβ peaks. Then, the KEGG tool was used for gene function enrichment analysis of these genes, which were more highly enriched in healthy LE. Combining the literature review with these KEGG analysis results, in the current study, we chose four target genes related to oxidative stress, namely, CDC25B, SOS2, CTNNA1 and Cox6a1. Then, ChIP-PCR assays, dual-luciferase reporter assays, real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to validate the regulatory effects of Aβ on these targets. Our data suggested that Aβ monomers could upregulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of CDC25B in LECs. We also confirmed that Aβ monomers could activate the Akt/Nrf2 pathway in a CDC25B-dependent manner by knockdown experiments in cultured LECs. Furthermore, we performed functional verification of the CDC25B-mediated protective effects of Aβ monomers against oxidative stress. We observed that Aβ monomers significantly improved the antioxidant capacity (the GSH level, SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity) and decreased the oxidative stress (the ROS and MDA levels) of LECs, while CDC25B knockdown decreased the antioxidant effects of Aβ, disrupting redox homeostasis. Therefore, we propose that Aβ monomers activate the Akt/Nrf2 pathway by upregulating CDC25B expression, increase various downstream antioxidant enzyme levels, maintain peroxidation-antioxidant homeostasis in LECs, and prevent the cell damage caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Tian-Yu Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China.
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10
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Kyrtata N, Emsley HCA, Sparasci O, Parkes LM, Dickie BR. A Systematic Review of Glucose Transport Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:626636. [PMID: 34093108 PMCID: PMC8173065 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.626636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cerebral glucose hypometabolism. Hypometabolism may be partly due to reduced glucose transport at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and across astrocytic and neuronal cell membranes. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are integral membrane proteins responsible for moving glucose from the bloodstream to parenchymal cells where it is metabolized, and evidence indicates vascular and non-vascular GLUTs are altered in AD brains, a process which could starve the brain of glucose and accelerate cognitive decline. Here we review the literature on glucose transport alterations in AD from human and rodent studies. Methods: Literature published between 1st January 1946 and 1st November 2020 within EMBASE and MEDLINE databases was searched for the terms "glucose transporters" AND "Alzheimer's disease". Human and rodent studies were included while reviews, letters, and in-vitro studies were excluded. Results: Forty-three studies fitting the inclusion criteria were identified, covering human (23 studies) and rodent (20 studies). Post-mortem studies showed consistent reductions in GLUT1 and GLUT3 in the hippocampus and cortex of AD brains, areas of the brain closely associated with AD pathology. Tracer studies in rodent models of AD and human AD also exhibit reduced uptake of glucose and glucose-analogs into the brain, supporting these findings. Longitudinal rodent studies clearly indicate that changes in GLUT1 and GLUT3 only occur after amyloid-β pathology is present, and several studies indicate amyloid-β itself may be responsible for GLUT changes. Furthermore, evidence from human and rodent studies suggest GLUT depletion has severe effects on brain function. A small number of studies show GLUT2 and GLUT12 are increased in AD. Anti-diabetic medications improved glucose transport capacity in AD subjects. Conclusions: GLUT1 and GLUT3 are reduced in hippocampal and cortical regions in patients and rodent models of AD, and may be caused by high levels of amyloid-β in these regions. GLUT3 reductions appear to precede the onset of clinical symptoms. GLUT2 and GLUT12 appear to increase and may have a compensatory role. Repurposing anti-diabetic drugs to modify glucose transport shows promising results in human studies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kyrtata
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Hedley C. A. Emsley
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Oli Sparasci
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M. Parkes
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben R. Dickie
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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11
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Richens JL, Bramble JP, Spencer HL, Cantlay F, Butler M, O'Shea P. Towards defining the Mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease based on a contextual analysis of molecular pathways. AIMS GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/genet.2016.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is posing an increasingly profound problem to society. Our genuine understanding of the pathogenesis of AD is inadequate and as a consequence, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are currently insufficient. The understandable focus of many studies is the identification of molecules with high diagnostic utility however the opportunity to obtain a further understanding of the mechanistic origins of the disease from such putative biomarkers is often overlooked. This study examines the involvement of biomarkers in AD to shed light on potential mechanisms and pathways through which they are implicated in the pathology of this devastating neurodegenerative disorder. The computational tools required to analyse ever-growing datasets in the context of AD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L. Richens
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Bramble
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah L. Spencer
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Cantlay
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Molly Butler
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul O'Shea
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Address as of 1st July 2016: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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12
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Effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Neurocognitive Function: Current Status and Future Directions. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2021; 21:267-270. [PMID: 33063249 PMCID: PMC7561468 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-020-00445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sacubitril/valsartan is a new medication approved for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. While the drug failed to meet the primary endpoint in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the PARAGON-HF trial, improvements were noted in several secondary endpoints. Valsartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker and sacubitril is a neprilysin inhibitor. Neprilysin is postulated to have a role in the degradation of beta-amyloid in the brain; therefore, sacubitril could theoretically increase beta-amyloid plaque deposition in the brain and potentially increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Although pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown promising safety results, those studies have been heavily criticized for short monitoring time and targeted populations. In accordance with the requirements of the US Food and drug Administration (FDA), the ongoing Prospective Evaluation of Cognitive Function in Heart Failure: Efficacy and Safety of Entresto compared to Valsartan on Cognitive Function in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction (PERSPECTIVE; NCT02884206) multicenter, randomized, double-blinded trial is assessing the long-term neurocognitive effects and safety of sacubitril/valsartan, and results are expected in early 2022.
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13
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Sansores-España D, Carrillo-Avila A, Melgar-Rodriguez S, Díaz-Zuñiga J, Martínez-Aguilar V. Periodontitis and Alzheimer´s disease. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e43-e48. [PMID: 32701930 PMCID: PMC7806353 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main cause of dementia in the adult population, is characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive function. It is considered that neuroinflammation plays a fundamental role in its onset and progression. The bacteria present in the disbiotic microbiome generated during the course of periodontitis (PE) are capable of inducing a systemic inflammatory response, exacerbating the production of proinflammatory mediators that have the potential to spread to the systemic circulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature review was made using the databases Scielo, PubMed, EBSCO and key words "Alzheimer disease", "Periodontitis", "Neurodegeneration", "Inflammation mediators", "Elderly". RESULTS Several hypotheses point to similar pathophysiological pathways in the establishment of AD and PE, sharing cellular and molecular proinflammatory characteristics. In periodontitis, locally produced cytokines and pro-inflammatory products spread from the ulcerated periodontal pocket into the systemic circulation, or around the trigeminal nerve terminals, which allows the passage of bacteria or their products to the brain. This fact leads to the formation of plaques of amyloid peptide and intraneuronal neurofibrillar tangles (NFTs) that activate the glial cells producing a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines in the affected regions that lead to a loss of neuronal synapses and neurodegeneration, contributing to the progression of AD. CONCLUSIONS This review of the literature contributes to the understanding of the pathological pathways shared by both diseases such as oxidative damage and inflammation. There is not enough evidence to determine an association between this two pathologies, so it is considered necessary to conduct studies for determine if periodontitis is capable of inducing or exacerbating the neuroinflammation that will trigger AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D- Sansores-España
- School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatan 61a street number 492a Donwtown Zip Code, 97000 Mérida, México
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14
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Hepp Rehfeldt SC, Majolo F, Goettert MI, Laufer S. c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Leads for New Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9677. [PMID: 33352989 PMCID: PMC7765872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is becoming more prevalent as the population lives longer. For individuals over 60 years of age, the prevalence of AD is estimated at 40.19% across the world. Regarding the cognitive decline caused by the disease, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways such as the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway are involved in the progressive loss of neurons and synapses, brain atrophy, and augmentation of the brain ventricles, being activated by synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity. Nowadays, AD symptoms are manageable, but the disease itself remains incurable, thus the inhibition of JNK3 has been explored as a possible therapeutic target, considering that JNK is best known for its involvement in propagating pro-apoptotic signals. This review aims to present biological aspects of JNK, focusing on JNK3 and how it relates to AD. It was also explored the recent development of inhibitors that could be used in AD treatment since several drugs/compounds in phase III clinical trials failed. General aspects of the MAPK family, therapeutic targets, and experimental treatment in models are described and discussed throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cristine Hepp Rehfeldt
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado CEP 95914-014, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (S.C.H.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Fernanda Majolo
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado CEP 95914-014, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (S.C.H.R.); (F.M.)
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90619-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado CEP 95914-014, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (S.C.H.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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15
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Ribeiro VT, de Souza LC, Simões E Silva AC. Renin-Angiotensin System and Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology: From the Potential Interactions to Therapeutic Perspectives. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:484-511. [PMID: 31886744 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666191230103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New roles of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), apart from fluid homeostasis and Blood Pressure (BP) regulation, are being progressively unveiled, since the discoveries of RAS alternative axes and local RAS in different tissues, including the brain. Brain RAS is reported to interact with pathophysiological mechanisms of many neurological and psychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Even though AD is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, its pathophysiology is far from elucidated. Currently, no treatment can halt the disease course. Successive failures of amyloid-targeting drugs have challenged the amyloid hypothesis and increased the interest in the inflammatory and vascular aspects of AD. RAS compounds, both centrally and peripherally, potentially interact with neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular regulation. This narrative review discusses the AD pathophysiology and its possible interaction with RAS, looking forward to potential therapeutic approaches. RAS molecules affect BP, cerebral blood flow, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Angiotensin (Ang) II, via angiotensin type 1 receptors may promote brain tissue damage, while Ang-(1-7) seems to elicit neuroprotection. Several studies dosed RAS molecules in AD patients' biological material, with heterogeneous results. The link between AD and clinical conditions related to classical RAS axis overactivation (hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease) supports the hypothesized role of this system in AD. Additionally, RAStargeting drugs as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) seem to exert beneficial effects on AD. Results of randomized controlled trials testing ACEi or ARBs in AD are awaited to elucidate whether AD-RAS interaction has implications on AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Teatini Ribeiro
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cruz de Souza
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Service of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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16
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L-3-n-Butylphthalide improves synaptic and dendritic spine plasticity and ameliorates neurite pathology in Alzheimer's disease mouse model and cultured hippocampal neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1260-1274. [PMID: 33146400 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among elderly people. Despite enormous efforts, the pathogenesis of AD still remains unclear and no drug has yet been proved to be disease-modifying. As the basis of learning and memory, the plasticity of synapse and dendritic spine has been impaired during AD progression. Previous studies have showed a protective effect of L-3-n-butylphthalide (L-NBP) on cognitive deficits in AD, we wonder whether this protective effect is associated with positive alterations on synapse and dendritic spines. In this study, we first of all confirmed the anti-dementia effect of L-NBP in 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice, and then investigated the alterations in synaptic and dendritic spine plasticity due to L-NBP treatment both in vivo and in vitro. We also conducted preliminary studies and found the possible mechanisms related to the inhibition of over-activated complement cascade and the remodeling of actin cytoskeleton. Besides, we also found extra benefits of L-NBP on presynaptic dystrophic neurites and attempted to give explanations from the view of autophagy regulation. Taken together, our study added some new evidence to the application of L-NBP in AD treatment and provided deeper insight into the relevant mechanisms for future study.
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17
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Peccati F, Díaz-Caballero M, Navarro S, Rodríguez-Santiago L, Ventura S, Sodupe M. Atomistic fibrillar architectures of polar prion-inspired heptapeptides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:13143-13151. [PMID: 34094496 PMCID: PMC8163036 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05638c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides the computational prediction of the atomistic architectures resulting from self-assembly of the polar heptapeptide sequences NYNYNYN, SYSYSYS and GYGYGYG. Using a combination of molecular dynamics and a newly developed tool for non-covalent interaction analysis, we uncover the properties of a new class of bionanomaterials, including hydrogen-bonded polar zippers, and the relationship between peptide composition, fibril geometry and weak interaction networks. Our results, corroborated by experimental observations, provide the basis for the rational design of prion-inspired nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Peccati
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio Spain +34 4469/946 572 538
| | - Marta Díaz-Caballero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Susanna Navarro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | | | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23 E-08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Mariona Sodupe
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
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18
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Tamura K, Chiu YW, Shiohara A, Hori Y, Tomita T. EphA4 regulates Aβ production via BACE1 expression in neurons. FASEB J 2020; 34:16383-16396. [PMID: 33090569 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001510r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that the aggregation and deposition of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) initiate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, a genome-wide association study demonstrated that a single-nucleotide polymorphism proximal to the EPHA4 gene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, is associated with AD risk. However, the molecular mechanism of EphA4 in the pathogenesis of AD, particularly in Aβ production, remains unknown. Here, we performed several pharmacological and biological experiments both in vitro and in vivo and demonstrated that EphA4 is responsible for the regulation of Aβ production. Pharmacological inhibition of EphA4 signaling and knockdown of Epha4 led to increased Aβ levels accompanied by increased expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which is an enzyme responsible for Aβ production. Moreover, EPHA4 overexpression and activation of EphA4 signaling via ephrin ligands decreased Aβ levels. In particular, the sterile-alpha motif domain of EphA4 was necessary for the regulation of Aβ production. Finally, EPHA4 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in the brains of AD patients, and negatively correlated with BACE1 mRNA levels. Our results indicate a novel mechanism of Aβ regulation by EphA4, which is involved in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Tamura
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yung-Wen Chiu
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azusa Shiohara
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Hasselbalch HC, Skov V, Kjær L, Sørensen TL, Ellervik C, Wienecke T. Myeloproliferative blood cancers as a human neuroinflammation model for development of Alzheimer's disease: evidences and perspectives. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:248. [PMID: 32829706 PMCID: PMC7444051 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and involvement of myeloid blood cells are associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Chronic inflammation is a highly important driving force for the development and progression of the chronic myeloproliferative blood cancers (MPNs), which are characterized by repeated thrombotic episodes years before MPN-diagnosis, being elicited by elevated erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. Mutations in blood cells, the JAK2V617F and TET2-mutations, contribute to the inflammatory and thrombogenic state. Herein, we discuss the MPNs as a human neuroinflammation model for AD development, taking into account the many shared cellular mechanisms for reduction in cerebral blood, including capillary stalling with plugging of blood cells in the cerebral microcirculation. The therapeutic consequences of an association between MPNs and AD are immense, including reduction in elevated cell counts by interferon-alpha2 or hydroxyurea and targeting the chronic inflammatory state by JAK1-2 inhibitors, e.g., ruxolitinib, in the future treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark. .,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Torben L Sørensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Research, Production, Innovation, Roskilde, Region Zealand, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Troels Wienecke
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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20
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Schwartz M, Peralta Ramos JM, Ben-Yehuda H. A 20-Year Journey from Axonal Injury to Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Prospect of Immunotherapy for Combating Alzheimer's Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:243-250. [PMID: 31907265 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the dialogue between the brain and the immune system has undergone dramatic changes over the last two decades, with immense impact on the perception of neurodegenerative diseases, mental dysfunction, and many other brain pathologic conditions. Accumulated results have suggested that optimal function of the brain is dependent on support from the immune system, provided that this immune response is tightly controlled. Moreover, in contrast to the previous prevailing dogma, it is now widely accepted that circulating immune cells are needed for coping with brain pathologies and that their optimal effect is dependent on their type, location, and activity. In this perspective, we describe our own scientific journey, reviewing the milestones in attaining this understanding of the brain-immune axis integrated with numerous related studies by others. We then explain their significance in demonstrating the possibility of harnessing the immune system in a well-controlled manner for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Schwartz
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142; and .,Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Hila Ben-Yehuda
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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21
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Paroni G, Bisceglia P, Seripa D. Understanding the Amyloid Hypothesis in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:493-510. [PMID: 30883346 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis (AH) is still the most accepted model to explain the pathogenesis of inherited Alzheimer's disease (IAD). However, despite the neuropathological overlapping with the non-inherited form (NIAD), AH waver in explaining NIAD. Thus, 30 years after its first statement several questions are still open, mainly regarding the role of amyloid plaques (AP) and apolipoprotein E (APOE). Accordingly, a pathogenetic model including the role of AP and APOE unifying IAD and NIAD pathogenesis is still missing. In the present understanding of the AH, we suggested that amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides production and AP formation is a physiological aging process resulting from a systemic age-related decrease in the efficiency of the proteins catabolism/clearance machinery. In this pathogenetic model Aβ peptides act as neurotoxic molecules, but only above a critical concentration [Aβ]c. A threshold mechanism triggers IAD/NIAD onset only when [Aβ]≥[Aβ]c. In this process, APOE modifies [Aβ]c threshold in an isoform-specific way. Consequently, all factors influencing Aβ anabolism, such as amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) gene mutations, and/or Aβ catabolism/clearance could contribute to exceed the threshold [Aβ]c, being characteristic of each individual. In this model, AP formation does not depend on [Aβ]c. The present interpretation of the AH, unifying the pathogenetic theories for IAD and NIAD, will explain why AP and APOE4 may be observed in healthy aging and why they are not the cause of AD. It is clear that further studies are needed to confirm our pathogenetic model. Nevertheless, our suggestion may be useful to better understand the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Paroni
- Research Laboratory, Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Bisceglia
- Research Laboratory, Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Research Laboratory, Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
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22
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Chiu YW, Hori Y, Ebinuma I, Sato H, Hara N, Ikeuchi T, Tomita T. Identification of calcium and integrin‐binding protein 1 as a novel regulator of production of amyloid β peptide using CRISPR/Cas9‐based screening system. FASEB J 2020; 34:7661-7674. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902966rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung Wen Chiu
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Ihori Ebinuma
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Haruaki Sato
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Norikazu Hara
- Department of Molecular Genetics Brain Research Institute Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics Brain Research Institute Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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23
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Bhute S, Sarmah D, Datta A, Rane P, Shard A, Goswami A, Borah A, Kalia K, Dave KR, Bhattacharya P. Molecular Pathogenesis and Interventional Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease: Promises and Pitfalls. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:472-488. [PMID: 32566913 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by age-related dementia, which has no effective treatment to date. β-Amyloid depositions and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the main pathological hallmarks, along with oxidative stress, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, and low levels of acetylcholine. Current pharmacotherapy for AD only provides symptomatic relief and limited improvement in cognitive functions. Many molecules have been explored that show promising outcomes in AD therapy and can regulate cellular survival through different pathways. To have a vivid approach to strategize the treatment regimen, AD physiopathology should be better explained considering diverse etiological factors in conjunction with biochemical disturbances. This Review attempts to discuss different disease modification approaches and address the novel therapeutic targets of AD that might pave the way for new drug discovery using the well-defined targets for therapy of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikala Bhute
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Avirag Goswami
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19141, United States
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam-788011, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
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24
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Derakhshankhah H, Jafari S, Sarvari S, Barzegari E, Moakedi F, Ghorbani M, Shiri Varnamkhasti B, Jaymand M, Izadi Z, Tayebi L. Biomedical Applications of Zeolitic Nanoparticles, with an Emphasis on Medical Interventions. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:363-386. [PMID: 32021185 PMCID: PMC6983480 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s234573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of porous materials, in particular zeolitic nanoparticles, has opened up unprecedented putative research avenues in nanomedicine. Zeolites with intracrystal mesopores are low framework density aluminosilicates possessing a regular porous structure along with intricate channels. Their unique physiochemical as well as physiological parameters necessitate a comprehensive overview on their classifications, fabrication platforms, cellular/macromolecular interactions, and eventually their prospective biomedical applications through illustrating the challenges and opportunities in different integrative medical and pharmaceutical fields. More particularly, an update on recent advances in zeolite-accommodated drug delivery and the prevalent challenges regarding these molecular sieves is to be presented. In conclusion, strategies to accelerate the translation of these porous materials from bench to bedside along with common overlooked physiological and pharmacological factors of zeolite nanoparticles are discussed and debated. Furthermore, for zeolite nanoparticles, it is a matter of crucial importance, in terms of biosafety and nanotoxicology, to appreciate the zeolite-bio interface once the zeolite nanoparticles are exposed to the bio-macromolecules in biological media. We specifically shed light on interactions of zeolite nanoparticles with fibrinogen and amyloid beta which had been comprehensively investigated in our recent reports. Given the significance of zeolite nanoparticles' interactions with serum or interstitial proteins conferring them new biological identity, the preliminary approaches for deeper understanding of administration, distribution, metabolism and excretion of zeolite nanoparticles are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Zistmavad Pharmed Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Jafari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Zistmavad Pharmed Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Sarvari
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ebrahim Barzegari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faezeh Moakedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Milad Ghorbani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrang Shiri Varnamkhasti
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI53201, USA
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25
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Abdul Manap AS, Wei Tan AC, Leong WH, Yin Chia AY, Vijayabalan S, Arya A, Wong EH, Rizwan F, Bindal U, Koshy S, Madhavan P. Synergistic Effects of Curcumin and Piperine as Potent Acetylcholine and Amyloidogenic Inhibitors With Significant Neuroprotective Activity in SH-SY5Y Cells via Computational Molecular Modeling and in vitro Assay. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:206. [PMID: 31507403 PMCID: PMC6718453 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology include acetylcholine (ACh) deficiency and plaque deposition. Emerging studies suggest that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) may interact with amyloid β (Aβ) to promote aggregation of insoluble Aβ plaques in brains of patients. Current therapeutic options available for AD patients, such as AChE inhibitors, provide only symptomatic relief. In this study, we screened four natural compounds believed to harbor cognitive benefits-curcumin, piperine, bacoside A, and chebulinic acid. In the first section, preliminary screening through computational molecular docking simulations gauged the suitability of the compounds as novel AChE inhibitors. From here, only compounds that met the in silico selection criteria were selected for the second section through in vitro investigations, including AChE enzyme inhibition assay, 3-(4,5-dimenthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dimethyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Thioflavin T (ThT) assay, and biochemical analysis via a neuronal cell line model. Of the four compounds screened, only curcumin (-9.6 kcal/mol) and piperine (-10.5 kcal/mol) showed favorable binding affinities and interactions towards AChE and were hence selected. In vitro AChE inhibition demonstrated that combination of curcumin and piperine showed greater AChE inhibition with an IC50 of 62.81 ± 0.01 μg/ml as compared to individual compounds, i.e., IC50 of curcumin at 134.5 ± 0.06 μg/ml and IC50 of piperine at 76.6 ± 0.08 μg/ml. In the SH-SY5Y cell model, this combination preserved cell viability up to 85%, indicating that the compounds protect against Aβ-induced neuronal damage (p < 0.01). Interestingly, our results also showed that curcumin and piperine achieved a synergistic effect at 35 μM with an synergism quotient (SQ) value of 1.824. Synergistic behavior indicates that the combination of these two compounds at lower concentrations may provide a better outcome than singularly used for Aβ proteins. Combined curcumin and piperine managed to inhibit aggregation (reduced ThT intensity at 0.432 a.u.; p < 0.01) as well as disaggregation (reduced ThT intensity at 0.532 a.u.; p < 0.01) of fibrillar Aβ42. Furthermore, combined curcumin and piperine reversed the Aβ-induced up-regulation of neuronal oxidative stress (p < 0.01). In conclusion, curcumin and piperine demonstrated promising neuroprotective effects, whereas bacoside A and chebulinic acid may not be suitable lead compounds. These results are hoped to advance the field of natural products research as potentially therapeutic and curative AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Amelia Cheng Wei Tan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Weng Hhin Leong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Yoke Yin Chia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shantini Vijayabalan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Aditya Arya
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Farzana Rizwan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Umesh Bindal
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shajan Koshy
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Guan R, Wen X, Liang Y, Xu D, He B, Feng X. Trends in Alzheimer's Disease Research Based upon Machine Learning Analysis of PubMed Abstracts. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2065-2074. [PMID: 31592230 PMCID: PMC6775293 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
About 29.8 million people worldwide had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 2015, and the number is projected to triple by 2050. In 2018, AD was the fifth leading cause of death in Americans with 65 years of age or older, but the progress of AD drug research is very limited. It is helpful to identify the key factors and research trends of AD for guiding further more effective studies. We proposed a framework named as LDAP, which combined the latent Dirichlet allocation model and affinity propagation algorithm to extract research topics from 95,876 AD-related papers published from 2007 to 2016. Trends and hotspots analyses were performed on LDAP results. We found that the focus points of AD research for the past 10 years include 15 diseases, 15 amino acids, peptides, and proteins, 9 enzymes and coenzymes, 7 hormones, 7 carbohydrates, 5 lipids, 2 organophosphonates, 18 chemicals, 11 compounds, 13 symptoms, and 20 phenomena. Our LDAP framework allowed us to trace the evolution of research trends and the most popular areas of interest (hotspots) on disease, protein, symptom, and phenomena. Meanwhile, 556 AD related-genes were identified, which are enriched in 12 KEGG pathways including the AD pathway and nitrogen metabolism pathway. Our results are freely available at https://www.keaml.cn/Alzheimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renchu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
- Zhuhai Sub Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, 519041, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaojing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Yanchun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
- Zhuhai Sub Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, 519041, Zhuhai, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 65201, Columbia, USA
| | - Baorun He
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
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27
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Oberg KC, Magaki S, Hall JG. A standardized autopsy protocol for arthrogryposis (multiple congenital contractures). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 181:474-478. [PMID: 31373772 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) describes disorders with multiple joint contractures that arise from neurological, neuromuscular, or mechanical origin. Although impaired fetal movement is the typical clinical presentation, the etiology underlying this phenotype for a number of conditions remains unknown. In an effort to better characterize and define the etiologies underlying these disorders, we recommend a standardized autopsy protocol that will allow for appropriate diagnosis and a methodical approach for examination that will facilitate subsequent study by investigators across disciplines. To further support investigation, we have also established an AMC autopsy registry to bank tissue obtained at autopsy for subsequent study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerby C Oberg
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Shino Magaki
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Judith G Hall
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of British Columbia; British Columbia Children's Hospital, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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28
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Stockburger C, Eckert S, Eckert GP, Friedland K, Müller WE. Mitochondrial Function, Dynamics, and Permeability Transition: A Complex Love Triangle as A Possible Target for the Treatment of Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S455-S467. [PMID: 29504539 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Because of the failure of all amyloid-β directed treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the concept of mitochondrial dysfunction as a major pathomechanism of the cognitive decline in aging and AD has received substantial support. Accordingly, improving mitochondrial function as an alternative strategy for new drug development became of increasing interest and many different compounds have been identified which improve mitochondrial function in preclinical in vitro and in vivo experiments. However, very few if any have been investigated in clinical trials, representing a major drawback of the mitochondria directed drug development. To overcome these problems, we used a top-down approach by investigating several older antidementia drugs with clinical evidence of therapeutic efficacy. These include EGb761® (standardized ginkgo biloba extract), piracetam, and Dimebon. All improve experimentally many aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction including mitochondrial dynamics and also improve cognition and impaired neuronal plasticity, the functionally most relevant consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. All partially inhibit opening events of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) which previously has mainly been discussed as a mechanism relevant for the induction of apoptosis. However, as more recent work suggests the mPTP as a master regulator of many mitochondrial functions, our data suggest the mPTP as a possible relevant drug target within the love triangle between mPTP regulation, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial function including regulation of neuronal plasticity. Drugs interfering with mPTP function will improve not only mitochondrial impairment in aging and AD but also will have beneficial effects on impaired neuronal plasticity, the pathomechanism which correlates best with functional deficits (cognition, behavior) in aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Stockburger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Schamim Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walter E Müller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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29
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Manzano Palomo MS, Anaya Caravaca B, Balsa Bretón MA, Castrillo SM, Vicente ADLM, Castro Arce E, Alves Prez MT. Mild Cognitive Impairment with a High Risk of Progression to Alzheimer's Disease Dementia (MCI-HR-AD): Effect of Souvenaid ® Treatment on Cognition and 18F-FDG PET Scans. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:95-102. [PMID: 31259306 PMCID: PMC6597964 DOI: 10.3233/adr-190109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that Souvenaid (medical food) can have benefits on memory, cognition, and function in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective: Demonstrate that Souvenaid could improve or maintain cognition and has an effect on neurodegeneration biomarkers. Methods: This cohort study was carried out from June 2015 through December 2016 in the Neurology Department, Infanta Cristina Hospital, Madrid, Spain. MCI-HR-AD were recruited using Petersen criteria, neuropsychology (NPS), and 18F-FDG PET scans to confirm the high risk of progression to dementia with one year of follow-up. Age, sex, vascular risk factors (VRF), and NPS values (Barcelona brief version) were analyzed. 18F-FDG PET scans were analyzed as a visual procedure. The study was approved by the Research Committee of ICH. Statistical analysis was made with SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Subjects included 43 MCI patients (58.5% women; mean age 69.78±7.89): 17 receiving Souvenaid® treatment (ST), 24 receiving no treatment (WT) and 2 who withdrew. No differences were seen in VRF, only hypercholesterolemia, and were less prevalent in the ST group (p = 0.002). The rate of progression to dementia was 48.8% (no differences between groups, p = 0.654). A second round of 18F-FDG PET scans showed a significance worsening of glucose metabolism in WT (p = 0.001) versus ST, in which it was low (p = 0.050). For NPS testing, there was a significant worsening in memory performance in the WT group (p = 0.011) and a stabilization in ST (p = 0.083), as well as in executive functions and attention (worsening in WT, p = 0.014). For the Subjective Changing Scale (SCS), caregivers indicated a stabilization/improvement in ST (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Souvenaid had a significant effect on several cognitive domains, and on SCS in patients with MCI-HR-AD. Its intervention had an impact on preservation on 18F-FDG PET scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sagrario Manzano Palomo
- Department of Neurology, Infanta Leonor Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Behavioral Neurology and Dementia Group of the Spanish Society of Neurology, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Herrera-Rivero M, Santarelli F, Brosseron F, Kummer MP, Heneka MT. Dysregulation of TLR5 and TAM Ligands in the Alzheimer’s Brain as Contributors to Disease Progression. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6539-6550. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Müller WE, Eckert A, Eckert GP, Fink H, Friedland K, Gauthier S, Hoerr R, Ihl R, Kasper S, Möller HJ. Therapeutic efficacy of the Ginkgo special extract EGb761 ® within the framework of the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:173-189. [PMID: 28460580 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1308552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of dementia assumes mitochondrial dysfunction as an important common pathomechanism for the whole spectrum of age-associated memory disorders from cognitive symptoms in the elderly over mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's dementia. Thus, a drug such as the Ginkgo special extract EGb 761® which improves mitochondrial function should be able to ameliorate cognitive deficits over the whole aging spectrum. METHODS We review the most relevant publications about effects of EGb 761® on cognition and synaptic deficits in preclinical studies as well as on cognitive deficits in man from aging to dementia. RESULTS EGb 761® improves mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment over the whole spectrum of age-associated cognitive disorders in relevant animal models and in vitro experiments, and also shows clinical efficacy in improving cognition over the whole range from aging to Alzheimer's or even vascular dementia. CONCLUSIONS EGb 761® shows clinical efficacy in the treatment of cognitive deficits over the whole spectrum of age-associated memory disorders. Thus, EGb 761® can serve as an important pharmacological argument for the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter E Müller
- a Department of Pharmacology , Biocenter, Goethe-University , Frankfurt/M , Germany
| | - Anne Eckert
- b Neurobiological laboratory, Department of Psychiatry , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- c Department of Nutritional Sciences , Justus-Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Heidrun Fink
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Free University , Berlin , Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- e Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy , University Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Serge Gauthier
- f McGill Center for Studies in Aging , Montreal , Canada
| | - Robert Hoerr
- g Dr.Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Ralf Ihl
- h Alexianer Hospital, Clinic of Geriatric Psychiatry , Krefeld , Germany
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- i Department of Psychiatry , Medical University , Vienna , Austria
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- j Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig-Maximilian University , Munich , Germany
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32
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Su H, Jin Y, Noroozifar M, Kerman K. Electrochemical Detection of Isoform‐Specific Interaction between Apolipoprotein E and Amyloid‐β. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Su
- Department of Physical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario M1 C 1 A4 Canada
| | - Yiyun Jin
- Department of Physical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario M1 C 1 A4 Canada
| | - Meissam Noroozifar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sistan and Baluchestan Zahedan Iran
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario M1 C 1 A4 Canada
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33
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Dyrba M, Grothe MJ, Mohammadi A, Binder H, Kirste T, Teipel SJ. Comparison of Different Hypotheses Regarding the Spread of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Markov Random Fields and Multimodal Imaging. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 65:731-746. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-161197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michel J. Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Abdolreza Mohammadi
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirste
- Mobile Multimedia Information Systems Group (MMIS), University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan J. Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- Clinic for Psychosomatic and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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34
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Nieto CI, Cornago MP, Cabildo MP, Sanz D, Claramunt RM, Torralba MC, Torres MR, Martínez Casanova D, Sánchez-Alegre YR, Escudero E, Lavandera JL. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Neuroprotectant Activities of New Asymmetrical 1,3-Diketones. Molecules 2018; 23:E1837. [PMID: 30042315 PMCID: PMC6222706 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of fourteen new asymmetrical 1,3-diketone derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated in the ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays as a new chemotype with antioxidant and drug-like properties. All the compounds displayed low cytotoxicity in comparison to curcumin against the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Among them, (3Z,5E)-6-(2,5-difluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-hydroxyhexa-3,5-dien-2-one (6b) and (3Z,5E)-6-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-hydroxyhexa-3,5-dien-2-one (7b) with excellent solubility and chemical stability in biorelevant media, have also shown a similar Fe+2 chelation behavior to that of curcumin. Additionally, both derivatives 6b and 7b have afforded good neuroprotection activity against H₂O₂ induced oxidative stress in the same neuronal cell line, with a significant reduction of intracellular ROS levels, in parallel with a good recovery of the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨm). Compounds 6b and 7b with a promising antioxidant and drug-like profile, with low cytotoxic and good neuroprotectant activity, constitute a new interesting chemical class with high potential as new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla I Nieto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a distancia (UNED), Paseo Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Pilar Cornago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a distancia (UNED), Paseo Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Pilar Cabildo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a distancia (UNED), Paseo Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dionisia Sanz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a distancia (UNED), Paseo Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a distancia (UNED), Paseo Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Torralba
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I and CAI de Difracción de Rayos-X, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Rosario Torres
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I and CAI de Difracción de Rayos-X, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diana Martínez Casanova
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, Boadilla, E-28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yaiza Rebeca Sánchez-Alegre
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, Boadilla, E-28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Escudero
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, Boadilla, E-28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Luis Lavandera
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, Boadilla, E-28668 Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Brooks SW, Dykes AC, Schreurs BG. A High-Cholesterol Diet Increases 27-Hydroxycholesterol and Modifies Estrogen Receptor Expression and Neurodegeneration in Rabbit Hippocampus. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:185-196. [PMID: 27911307 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia has been implicated in numerous health problems from cardiovascular disease to neurodegeneration. High serum cholesterol levels in midlife have been associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) later in life which suggests that the pathways leading to AD pathology might be activated decades before the symptoms of the disease are detected. Cholesterol-fed animals, particularly cholesterol-fed rabbits, exhibit brain pathology similar to the changes found in brains of AD patients. Dietary cholesterol, which cannot pass the blood-brain barrier, is thought to influence central nervous system homeostasis by increased transport of its circulatory breakdown product, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), into the brain. 27-OHC is an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator. Estrogen-mediated non-reproductive functions require estrogen receptors (ERs) and include modulation of mitochondrial function and structure, as well as regulation of synaptogenesis in the brain. ERs are located in brain areas affected early in AD pathogenesis, including the hippocampus. Here we report that increase in serum cholesterol, induced by feeding rabbits a high-cholesterol diet, is associated with higher levels of 27-OHC in the brain as well as increased levels of neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. Furthermore, these results are accompanied by changes in expression of ERs in the hippocampus as well as a decrease in hippocampal mitochondria. These findings provide an important insight into one of the possible mechanisms involved in the development of AD, and shed light on the processes that may antedate amyloid-β and tau phosphorylation changes currently hypothesized to cause AD symptomology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia W Brooks
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ava C Dykes
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Bernard G Schreurs
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
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36
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Islam MA, Pillay TS. β-secretase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease: identification using pharmacoinformatics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:503-522. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1430619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ataul Islam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tahir S. Pillay
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
- Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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37
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Cardoso S, Carvalho C, Correia SC, Seiça RM, Moreira PI. Alzheimer's Disease: From Mitochondrial Perturbations to Mitochondrial Medicine. Brain Pathol 2018; 26:632-47. [PMID: 27327899 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are distressing conditions causing countless levels of suffering for which treatment is often insufficient or inexistent. Considered to be the most common cause of dementia and an incurable, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, the intricate pathogenic mechanisms of AD continue to be revealed and, consequently, an effective treatment needs to be developed. Among the diverse hypothesis that have been proposed to explain AD pathogenesis, the one concerning mitochondrial dysfunction has raised as one of the most discussed with an actual acceptance in the field. It posits that manipulating mitochondrial function and understanding the deficits that result in mitochondrial injury may help to control and/or limit the development of AD. To achieve such goal, the concept of mitochondrial medicine places itself as a promising gathering of strategies to directly manage the major insidious disturbances of mitochondrial homeostasis as well as attempts to directly or indirectly manage its consequences in the context of AD. The aim of this review is to summarize the evolution that occurred from the establishment of mitochondrial homeostasis perturbation as masterpieces in AD pathogenesis up until the development of mitochondrial medicine. Following a brief glimpse in the past and current hypothesis regarding the triad of aging, mitochondria and AD, this manuscript will address the major mechanisms currently believed to participate in above mentioned events. Both pharmacological and lifestyle interventions will also be reviewed as AD-related mitochondrial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia C Correia
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Seiça
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IBILI-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Review of the advances in treatment for Alzheimer disease: strategies for combating β-amyloid protein. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Una revisión de los avances en la terapéutica de la enfermedad de Alzheimer: estrategia frente a la proteína β-amiloide. Neurologia 2018; 33:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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40
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Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for preventing Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2017; 334:163-177. [PMID: 28743599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review provides the rationale for implementing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are known risk factors associated with the development of AD, some of which may be ameliorated with CBT. We posit that treating the risk factors of inactivity, poor diet, hyposmia and anosmia, sleep disorders and lack of regularly engaged challenging cognitive activity will modify the physiology of the brain sufficiently to avoid the accumulation of excess proteins, including amyloid beta, causal events in the development of AD. Further, the successful treatment of the listed risk factors is well within our technology to do so and, even further, it is cost effective. Also, there is considerable scientific literature to support the proposition that, if implemented by well-established practices, CBT will be effective and will be engaged by those of retirement age. That is, we present a biologically informed CBT for the prevention of the development of AD, i.e., an aspect of applied behavioral neuroscience.
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Savolainen H, Meerlo P, Elsinga PH, Windhorst AD, Dierckx RA, Colabufo NA, van Waarde A, Luurtsema G. P-glycoprotein Function in the Rodent Brain Displays a Daily Rhythm, a Quantitative In Vivo PET Study. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1524-1531. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Guo XD, Sun GL, Zhou TT, Xu X, Zhu ZY, Rukachaisirikul V, Hu LH, Shen X. Small molecule LX2343 ameliorates cognitive deficits in AD model mice by targeting both amyloid β production and clearance. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1281-1297. [PMID: 27569389 PMCID: PMC5057240 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Streptozotocin (STZ) is widely used to induce oxidative damage and to impair glucose metabolism, apoptosis, and tau/Aβ pathology, eventually leading to cognitive deficits in both in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we constructed a cell-based platform using STZ to induce stress conditions mimicking the complicated pathologies of AD in vitro, and evaluated the anti-amyloid effects of a small molecule, N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-[5-chloro-2-methoxy(phenylsulfonyl)anilino]acetamide (LX2343) in the amelioration of cognitive deficits in AD model mice. METHODS Cell-based assays for screening anti-amyloid compounds were established by assessing Aβ accumulation in HEK293-APPsw and CHO-APP cells, and Aβ clearance in primary astrocytes and SH-SY5Y cells after the cells were treated with STZ in the presence of the test compounds. Autophagic flux was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were administered LX2343 (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 100 d. After LX2343 administration, cognitive ability of the mice was evaluated using Morris water maze test, and senile plaques in the brains were detected using Thioflavine S staining. ELISA assay was used to evaluate Aβ and sAPPβ levels, while Western blot analysis was used to measure the signaling proteins in both cell and animal brains. RESULTS LX2343 (5-20 μmol/L) dose-dependently decreased Aβ accumulation in HEK293-APPsw and CHO-APP cells, and promoted Aβ clearance in SH-SY5Y cells and primary astrocytes. The anti-amyloid effects of LX2343 were attributed to suppressing JNK-mediated APPThr668 phosphorylation, thus inhibiting APP cleavage on one hand, and inhibiting BACE1 enzymatic activity with an IC50 value of 11.43±0.36 μmol/L, on the other hand. Furthermore, LX2343 acted as a non-ATP competitive PI3K inhibitor to negatively regulate AKT/mTOR signaling, thus promoting autophagy, and increasing Aβ clearance. Administration of LX2343 in APP/PS1 transgenic mice significantly ameliorated cognitive deficits and markedly ameliorated the Aβ pathology in their brains. CONCLUSION LX2343 ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 transgenic mice via both Aβ production inhibition and clearance promotion, which highlights the potential of LX2343 in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-dan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-long Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting-ting Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-yuan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Li-hong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Aaseth J, Alexander J, Bjørklund G, Hestad K, Dusek P, Roos PM, Alehagen U. Treatment strategies in Alzheimer's disease: a review with focus on selenium supplementation. Biometals 2016; 29:827-39. [PMID: 27530256 PMCID: PMC5034004 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder presenting one of the biggest healthcare challenges in developed countries. No effective treatment exists. In recent years the main focus of AD research has been on the amyloid hypothesis, which postulates that extracellular precipitates of beta amyloid (Aβ) derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) are responsible for the cognitive impairment seen in AD. Treatment strategies have been to reduce Aβ production through inhibition of enzymes responsible for its formation, or to promote resolution of existing cerebral Aβ plaques. However, these approaches have failed to demonstrate significant cognitive improvements. Intracellular rather than extracellular events may be fundamental in AD pathogenesis. Selenate is a potent inhibitor of tau hyperphosphorylation, a critical step in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Some selenium (Se) compounds e.g. selenoprotein P also appear to protect APP against excessive copper and iron deposition. Selenoproteins show anti-inflammatory properties, and protect microtubules in the neuronal cytoskeleton. Optimal function of these selenoenzymes requires higher Se intake than what is common in Europe and also higher intake than traditionally recommended. Supplementary treatment with N-acetylcysteine increases levels of the antioxidative cofactor glutathione and can mediate adjuvant protection. The present review discusses the role of Se in AD treatment and suggests strategies for AD prevention by optimizing selenium intake, in accordance with the metal dysregulation hypothesis. This includes in particular secondary prevention by selenium supplementation to elderly with mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Aaseth
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Hedmark University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Knut Hestad
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Hedmark University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Petr Dusek
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, IMM, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Physiology, St.Goran Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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44
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Trovato A, Siracusa R, Di Paola R, Scuto M, Ontario ML, Bua O, Di Mauro P, Toscano MA, Petralia CCT, Maiolino L, Serra A, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese V. Redox modulation of cellular stress response and lipoxin A4 expression by Hericium Erinaceus in rat brain: relevance to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2016; 13:23. [PMID: 27398086 PMCID: PMC4938991 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-016-0078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background There has been a recent upsurge of interest in complementary medicine, especially dietary supplements and foods functional in delaying the onset of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Mushrooms have long been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years, being now increasingly recognized as antitumor, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and hepatoprotective agent also capable to stimulate host immune responses. Results Here we provide evidence of neuroprotective action of Hericium Herinaceus when administered orally to rat. Expression of Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) was measured in different brain regions after oral administration of a biomass Hericium preparation, given for 3 month. LXA4 up-regulation was associated with an increased content of redox sensitive proteins involved in cellular stress response, such as Hsp72, Heme oxygenase −1 and Thioredoxin. In the brain of rats receiving Hericium, maximum induction of LXA4 was observed in cortex, and hippocampus followed by substantia Nigra, striatum and cerebellum. Increasing evidence supports the notion that oxidative stress-driven neuroinflammation is a fundamental cause in neurodegenerative diseases. As prominent intracellular redox system involved in neuroprotection, the vitagene system is emerging as a neurohormetic potential target for novel cytoprotective interventions. Vitagenes encode for cytoprotective heat shock proteins 70, heme oxygenase-1, thioredoxin and Lipoxin A4. Emerging interest is now focussing on molecules capable of activating the vitagene system as novel therapeutic target to minimize deleterious consequences associated with free radical-induced cell damage, such as in neurodegeneration. LXA4 is an emerging endogenous eicosanoid able to promote resolution of inflammation, acting as an endogenous “braking signal” in the inflammatory process. In addition, Hsp system is emerging as key pathway for modulation to prevent neuronal dysfunction, caused by protein misfolding. Conclusions Conceivably, activation of LXA4 signaling and modulation of stress responsive vitagene proteins could serve as a potential therapeutic target for AD-related inflammation and neurodegenerative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - R Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - M L Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ornella Bua
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Di Mauro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - M A Toscano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - C C T Petralia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - L Maiolino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - A Serra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - S Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Labour MN, Vigier S, Lerner D, Marcilhac A, Belamie E. 3D compartmented model to study the neurite-related toxicity of Aβ aggregates included in collagen gels of adaptable porosity. Acta Biomater 2016; 37:38-49. [PMID: 27057929 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Insoluble deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) are associated to neurodegenerative pathologies, in particular Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The toxicity of synthetic amyloid-like peptides has been largely demonstrated and shown to depend upon their aggregation state. However, standard 2D cell culture conditions are not well suited to study the role of the close vicinity of Aβ aggregates and growing neurites in the degenerative process. Here, we have designed a compartmented set-up where model neural cells are differentiated on the surface of Aβ-containing collagen matrices. The average pore size can be modulated, from below 0.2μm to more than 0.5μm by simple treatment with collagenase, to respectively hamper or permit neurite outgrowth towards the depth of the matrix. Dense Aβ aggregates (Congo red and ThT-positive) were obtained inside the collagen matrix with a homogeneous distribution and dimensions similar to those observed in post-mortem brain slices from Alzheimer's patients. The aggregates are not toxic to cells when the pore size is small, in spite of relatively high concentrations of 0.05-0.62mg of peptide per gram of collagen (equivalent to 11.3-113μM). In contrast, on Aβ-containing matrices with large pores, massive neural death is observed when the cells are seeded in the same conditions. It is the first time to our knowledge that Aβ aggregates with a typical morphology of dense plaques are obtained within a porous biomimetic matrix, and are shown to be toxic only when accessible to differentiating cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Insoluble deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) are associated to neurodegenerative pathologies, in particular Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In this study, we have formed Aβ aggregates directly inside a biomimetic collagen matrix loaded with growth factors to induce the differentiation of PC12 or SH-SY6Y cells. For the first time, we show that when the contact between cells and Aβ aggregates is allowed by opening up the matrix porosity, the close vicinity with aggregates induces neurite dystrophy. The compartmented 3D culture model developed and used in this study is a valuable tool to study the cytotoxicity of preformed dense Aβ aggregates and proves that contact between the aggregates and neurons is required to induce neurodegenerative processes.
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46
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Bourgade K, Le Page A, Bocti C, Witkowski JM, Dupuis G, Frost EH, Fülöp T. Protective Effect of Amyloid-β Peptides Against Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Infection in a Neuronal Cell Culture Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:1227-41. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Bourgade
- Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Le Page
- Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Bocti
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Gilles Dupuis
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric H. Frost
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Tamás Fülöp
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Adav SS, Gallart-Palau X, Tan KH, Lim SK, Tam JP, Sze SK. Dementia-linked amyloidosis is associated with brain protein deamidation as revealed by proteomic profiling of human brain tissues. Mol Brain 2016; 9:20. [PMID: 26892330 PMCID: PMC4759965 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aggregation of malformed proteins is a key feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms that drive proteinopathy in the brain are poorly understood. We aimed to characterize aggregated proteins in human brain tissues affected by dementia. Results To characterize amyloidal plaque purified from post-mortem brain tissue of dementia patient, we applied ultracentrifugation-electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction chromatography (UC-ERLIC) coupled mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies. Proteomics profiling of both soluble and aggregated amyloidal plaque demonstrated significant enrichment and deamidation of S100A9, ferritin, hemoglobin subunits, creatine kinase and collagen protein among the aggregated brain proteins. Amyloidal plaques were enriched in the deamidated variant of protein S100A9, and structural analysis indicated that both the low- and high-affinity calcium binding motifs of S100A9 were deamidated exclusively in the aggregated fraction, suggesting altered charge state and function of this protein in brain tissues affected by dementia. The multiple deamidated residues of S100A9 predicts introduction of negative charge that alter Ca++ binding, suggesting increased capacity to form pathological aggregates in the brain. Conclusion UC-coupled proteomics revealed that brain amyloidal plaques are enriched in deamidated proteins, and suggested that altered charge state and calcium-binding capacity of S100A9 may enhance protein aggregation and promote neurodegeneration in the human brain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-016-0200-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Adav
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore. .,Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Xavier Gallart-Palau
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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Current Research Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:8501693. [PMID: 26881137 PMCID: PMC4735913 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8501693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently presents one of the biggest healthcare issues in the developed countries. There is no effective treatment capable of slowing down disease progression. In recent years the main focus of research on novel pharmacotherapies was based on the amyloidogenic hypothesis of AD, which posits that the beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide is chiefly responsible for cognitive impairment and neuronal death. The goal of such treatments is (a) to reduce Aβ production through the inhibition of β and γ secretase enzymes and (b) to promote dissolution of existing cerebral Aβ plaques. However, this approach has proven to be only modestly effective. Recent studies suggest an alternative strategy centred on the inhibition of the downstream Aβ signalling, particularly at the synapse. Aβ oligomers may cause aberrant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation postsynaptically by forming complexes with the cell-surface prion protein (PrPC). PrPC is enriched at the neuronal postsynaptic density, where it interacts with Fyn tyrosine kinase. Fyn activation occurs when Aβ is bound to PrPC-Fyn complex. Fyn causes tyrosine phosphorylation of the NR2B subunit of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Fyn kinase blockers masitinib and saracatinib have proven to be efficacious in treating AD symptoms in experimental mouse models of the disease.
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49
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Luo HB, Li Y, Liu ZJ, Cao L, Zhang ZQ, Wang Y, Zhang XY, Liu Z, Shi XQ. Protective effect of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside on learning and memory by regulating synaptic plasticity. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1480-1486. [PMID: 27857754 PMCID: PMC5090853 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.191223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to synaptic plasticity induced by neurotoxicity of amyloid-beta is regarded to be one of the pathological mechanisms of learning and memory disabilities in Alzheimer's disease patients. This study assumed that the damage of amyloid-beta to learning and memory abilities was strongly associated with the changes in the Fyn/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B) expression. An APP695V7171 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease was used and treatment with tetrahydroxy-stilbene glucoside was administered intragastrically. Results showed that intragastric administration of tetrahydroxy-stilbene glucoside improved the learning and memory abilities of the transgenic mice through increasing NR2B receptors and Fyn expression. It also reversed parameters for synaptic interface structure of gray type I. These findings indicate that tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside has protective effects on the brain, and has prospects for its clinical application to improve the learning and memory abilities and treat Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Luo
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zun-Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Qun Shi
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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50
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Ma DL, Wang M, Mao Z, Yang C, Ng CT, Leung CH. Rhodium complexes as therapeutic agents. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2762-2771. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04338g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
This perspective highlights recent examples of rhodium complexes that show diverse biological activities against various targets, including enzymes and protein–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Modi Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Zhifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Chan-Tat Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| |
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