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Fazzone B, Anderson EM, Rozowsky JM, Yu X, O’Malley KA, Robinson S, Scali ST, Cai G, Berceli SA. Short-Term Dietary Restriction Potentiates an Anti-Inflammatory Circulating Mucosal-Associated Invariant T-Cell Response. Nutrients 2024; 16:1245. [PMID: 38674935 PMCID: PMC11053749 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-term protein-calorie dietary restriction (StDR) is a promising preoperative strategy for modulating postoperative inflammation. We have previously shown marked gut microbial activity during StDR, but relationships between StDR, the gut microbiome, and systemic immunity remain poorly understood. Mucosal-associated invariant T-cells (MAITs) are enriched on mucosal surfaces and in circulation, bridge innate and adaptive immunity, are sensitive to gut microbial changes, and may mediate systemic responses to StDR. Herein, we characterized the MAIT transcriptomic response to StDR using single-cell RNA sequencing of human PBMCs and evaluated gut microbial species-level changes through sequencing of stool samples. Healthy volunteers underwent 4 days of DR during which blood and stool samples were collected before, during, and after DR. MAITs composed 2.4% of PBMCs. More MAIT genes were differentially downregulated during DR, particularly genes associated with MAIT activation (CD69), regulation of pro-inflammatory signaling (IL1, IL6, IL10, TNFα), and T-cell co-stimulation (CD40/CD40L, CD28), whereas genes associated with anti-inflammatory IL10 signaling were upregulated. Stool analysis showed a decreased abundance of multiple MAIT-stimulating Bacteroides species during DR. The analyses suggest that StDR potentiates an anti-inflammatory MAIT immunophenotype through modulation of TCR-dependent signaling, potentially secondary to gut microbial species-level changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fazzone
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Erik M. Anderson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Jared M. Rozowsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Xuanxuan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Kerri A. O’Malley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Scott Robinson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Salvatore T. Scali
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Guoshuai Cai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Scott A. Berceli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Tang D, Qiu R, Qiu X, Sun M, Su M, Tao Z, Zhang L, Tao S. Dietary restriction rescues 5-fluorouracil-induced lethal intestinal toxicity in old mice by blocking translocation of opportunistic pathogens. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2355693. [PMID: 38780487 PMCID: PMC11123560 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2355693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains a major treatment for malignant tumors, yet the application of standard dose intensity chemotherapy is limited due to the side effects of cytotoxic drugs, especially in old populations. The underlying mechanisms of cytotoxicity and strategies to increase the safety and tolerance of chemotherapy remain to be explored. Using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a cornerstone chemotherapeutic drug, we demonstrate that the main cause of death in ad libitum (AL) fed mice after 5-FU chemotherapy was infection caused by translocation of intestinal opportunistic pathogens. We show that these opportunistic pathogens greatly increase in the intestine after chemotherapy, which was closely related to loss of intestinal lysozyme. Of note, two weeks of dietary restriction (DR) prior to chemotherapy significantly protected the loss of lysozyme and increased the content of the beneficial Lactobacillus genera, resulting in a substantial inhibition of intestinal opportunistic pathogens and their translocation. The rescue effect of DR could be mimicked by Lysozyme or Lactobacillus gavage. Our study provides the first evidence that DR achieved a comprehensive protection of the intestinal physical, biological and chemical barriers, which significantly improved the overall survival of 5-FU-treated mice. Importantly, the above findings were more prominent in old mice. Furthermore, we show that patients over 65 years old have enriched opportunistic pathogens in their gut microbiota, especially after 5-FU based chemotherapy. Our study reveals important mechanisms for the poor chemotherapy tolerance of the elderly population, which can be significantly improved by short-term DR. This study generates new insights into methods for improving the chemotherapeutic prognosis by increasing the chemotherapy tolerance and safety of patients with malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duozhuang Tang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rongrong Qiu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingxing Qiu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Man Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingyue Su
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhendong Tao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Tao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Ivessa AS, Singh S. The increase in cell death rates in caloric restricted cells of the yeast helicase mutant rrm3 is Sir complex dependent. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17832. [PMID: 37857740 PMCID: PMC10587150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR), which is a reduction in calorie intake without malnutrition, usually extends lifespan and improves tissue integrity. This report focuses on the relationship between nuclear genomic instability and dietary-restriction and its effect on cell survival. We demonstrate that the cell survival rates of the genomic instability yeast mutant rrm3 change under metabolic restricted conditions. Rrm3 is a DNA helicase, chromosomal replication slows (and potentially stalls) in its absence with increased rates at over 1400 natural pause sites including sites within ribosomal DNA and tRNA genes. Whereas rrm3 mutant cells have lower cell death rates compared to wild type (WT) in growth medium containing normal glucose levels (i.e., 2%), under CR growth conditions cell death rates increase in the rrm3 mutant to levels, which are higher than WT. The silent-information-regulatory (Sir) protein complex and mitochondrial oxidative stress are required for the increase in cell death rates in the rrm3 mutant when cells are transferred from growth medium containing 2% glucose to CR-medium. The Rad53 checkpoint protein is highly phosphorylated in the rrm3 mutant in response to genomic instability in growth medium containing 2% glucose. Under CR, Rad53 phosphorylation is largely reduced in the rrm3 mutant in a Sir-complex dependent manner. Since CR is an adjuvant treatment during chemotherapy, which may target genomic instability in cancer cells, our studies may gain further insight into how these therapy strategies can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S Ivessa
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07101-1709, USA.
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/Flow Cytometry and Immunology Core Laboratory, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07101-1709, USA
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Weinzierl A, Coerper M, Harder Y, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Caloric Restriction: A Novel Conditioning Strategy to Improve the Survival of Ischemically Challenged Musculocutaneous Random Pattern Flaps. Nutrients 2023; 15:4076. [PMID: 37764859 PMCID: PMC10536342 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a cost-effective and easy-to-perform approach to counteracting surgical stress. The present study therefore evaluates the tissue-protective effects of a 30% CR in musculocutaneous flaps undergoing ischemia. For this purpose, a well-established murine dorsal skinfold chamber model, in combination with random pattern musculocutaneous flaps, was used. C57BL/6N mice were divided at random into a CR group (n = 8) and a control group with unrestricted access to standard chow (n = 8). The CR animals were subjected to a 30% reduction in caloric intake for 10 days before flap elevation. Intravital fluorescence microscopy was carried out on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 after flap elevation to assess the nutritive blood perfusion, angiogenesis and flap necrosis. Subsequently, the flap tissue was harvested for additional histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The CR-treated animals exhibited a significantly higher functional capillary density and more newly formed microvessels within the flap tissue when compared to the controls; this was associated with a significantly higher flap survival rate. Immunohistochemical analyses showed a decreased invasion of myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophilic granulocytes into the flap tissue of the CR-treated mice. Moreover, the detection of cleaved caspase-3 revealed fewer cells undergoing apoptosis in the transition zone between the vital and necrotic tissue in the flaps of the CR-treated mice. These results demonstrate that a CR of 30% effectively prevents flap necrosis by maintaining microperfusion on a capillary level and inhibiting inflammation under ischemic stress. Hence, CR represents a promising novel conditioning strategy for improving the survival of musculocutaneous flaps with random pattern perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Weinzierl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Coerper
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Yves Harder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Blaževitš O, Di Tano M, Longo VD. Fasting and fasting mimicking diets in cancer prevention and therapy. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:212-222. [PMID: 36646607 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fasting mimicking diets (FMDs) are emerging as effective dietary interventions with the potential to improve healthspan and decrease the incidence of cancer and other age-related diseases. Unlike chronic dietary restrictions or water-only fasting, FMDs represent safer and less challenging options for cancer patients. FMD cycles increase protection in healthy cells while sensitizing cancer cells to various therapies, partly by generating complex environments that promote differential stress resistance (DSR) and differential stress sensitization (DSS), respectively. More recent data indicate that FMD cycles enhance the efficacy of a range of drugs targeting different cancers in mice by stimulating antitumor immunity. Here, we report on the effects of FMD cycles on cancer prevention and treatment and the mechanisms implicated in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Blaževitš
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Maira Di Tano
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Mejri N, Lajnef I, Berrazega Y, Rachdi H, Bohli M, Kochbati L, Hamouda B. Intimate partner violence after cancer diagnosis: an SOS call. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:103. [PMID: 36622425 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to measure the frequency and types of IPV among patients with cancer and evaluate risk factors. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study, conducted between January and April 2022, including 141 patients treated with cancer regardless of gender, site, or stage. We developed the study questionnaire by adapting items from the "WHO multi-country questionnaire on violence against women" and "The Women's Experiences with Battering Scale." Odds ratio (OR) and spearman tests were performed to assess the impact of several factors associated with the reported IPV. RESULTS Median age was 50 years old, 38.3% were male cancer patients. IPV prevalence was 24.8%, we observed 5 cases of torture (3%). The most common forms of violence were placing severe restriction on certain types of food and clothing in 21%, psychological violence in 20%, exposing intimate information about the patient health status to others in 17%, ignoration in 13.5%, putting restrictions on visiting friends or families in 9.2%, verbal assault in 9.2%, physical violence in 7.9%, and 7.1% racist conducts. Financial violence was rare in 4.3%. There was no difference in the incidence of IPV between man and women. We observed a significant correlation between IPV prevalence and disease stage (19.1% M0 vs 34.6% M1, p=0.04, OR=2.2 [1-4.8]), patient's educational level (48.5% vs 17.6%, p=0.01, OR= 4.4 [1.8-10.2]), and being under ongoing cancer therapy (11.4% vs 30.9%, p=0.013, OR=3.4 [1.2-9.7]) CONCLUSION: Patients were shown to be victims of several forms of IPV regardless of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Mejri
- Medical Oncology Department, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Ines Lajnef
- Medical Oncology Department, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Berrazega
- Medical Oncology Department, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Rachdi
- Medical Oncology Department, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Bohli
- Radiation Therapy Department, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Kochbati
- Radiation Therapy Department, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Boussen Hamouda
- Medical Oncology Department, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
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Wen J, Pan T, Li H, Fan H, Liu J, Cai Z, Zhao B. Role of mitophagy in the hallmarks of aging. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:1-14. [PMID: 36642914 PMCID: PMC9898045 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging, subjected to scientific scrutiny, is extensively defined as a time-dependent decline in functions that involves the majority of organisms. The time-dependent accretion of cellular lesions is generally a universal trigger of aging, while mitochondrial dysfunction is a sign of aging. Dysfunctional mitochondria are identified and removed by mitophagy, a selective form of macroautophagy. Increased mitochondrial damage resulting from reduced biogenesis and clearance may promote the aging process. The primary purpose of this paper is to illustrate in detail the effects of mitophagy on aging and emphasize the associations between mitophagy and other signs of aging, including dietary restriction, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations, and protein imbalance. The evidence regarding the effects of these elements on aging is still limited. And although the understanding of relationship between mitophagy and aging has been long-awaited, to analyze details of such a relationship remains the main challenge in aging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- Department and Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Aging-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Tingyu Pan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China,Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Haixia Fan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Department and Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Aging-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China,Zhiyou Cai, Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, 312 Zhongshan First Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400013, China. Tel/Fax: +86-23-63515796/+86-23-63515796, E-mail:
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department and Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Aging-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China,Bin Zhao, Department and Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Aging-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, 57 Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China. Tel/Fax: +86-759-2386949/+86-13902501596, E-mail: /
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8
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Pereira IC, Mascarenhas IF, Capetini VC, Ferreira PMP, Rogero MM, Torres-Leal FL. Cellular reprogramming, chemoresistance, and dietary interventions in breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 179:103796. [PMID: 36049616 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) diagnosis has been associated with significant risk factors, including family history, late menopause, obesity, poor eating habits, and alcoholism. Despite the advances in the last decades regarding cancer treatment, some obstacles still hinder the effectiveness of therapy. For example, chemotherapy resistance is common in locally advanced or metastatic cancer, reducing treatment options and contributing to mortality. In this review, we provide an overview of BC metabolic changes, including the impact of restrictive diets associated with chemoresistance, the therapeutic potential of the diet on tumor progression, pathways related to metabolic health in oncology, and perspectives on the future in the area of oncological nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irislene Costa Pereira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Isabele Frazão Mascarenhas
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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9
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Anderson EM, Rozowsky JM, Fazzone BJ, Schmidt EA, Stevens BR, O’Malley KA, Scali ST, Berceli SA. Temporal Dynamics of the Intestinal Microbiome Following Short-Term Dietary Restriction. Nutrients 2022; 14:2785. [PMID: 35889742 PMCID: PMC9318361 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term dietary restriction has been proposed as an intriguing pre-operative conditioning strategy designed to attenuate the surgical stress response and improve outcomes. However, it is unclear how this nutritional intervention influences the microbiome, which is known to modulate the systemic condition. Healthy individuals were recruited to participate in a four-day, 70% protein-restricted, 30% calorie-restricted diet, and stool samples were collected at baseline, after the restricted diet, and after resuming normal food intake. Taxonomy and functional pathway analysis was performed via shotgun metagenomic sequencing, prevalence filtering, and differential abundance analysis. High prevalence species were altered by the dietary intervention but quickly returned to baseline after restarting a regular diet. Composition and functional changes after the restricted diet included the decreased relative abundance of commensal bacteria and a catabolic phenotype. Notable species changes included Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis, which are major butyrate producers within the colon and are characteristically decreased in many disease states. The macronutrient components of the diet might have influenced these changes. We conclude that short-term dietary restriction modulates the ecology of the gut microbiome, with this modulation being characterized by a relative dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M. Anderson
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jared M. Rozowsky
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian J. Fazzone
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Emilie A. Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Bruce R. Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Kerri A. O’Malley
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Salvatore T. Scali
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Scott A. Berceli
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.M.A.); (J.M.R.); (B.J.F.); (E.A.S.); (K.A.O.); (S.T.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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10
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Song DK, Kim YW. Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF YEUNGNAM MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022; 40:4-11. [PMID: 35368155 PMCID: PMC9946909 DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2022.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction is a popular approach to treat obesity and its associated chronic illnesses but is difficult to maintain for a long time. Intermittent fasting is an alternative and easily applicable dietary intervention for caloric restriction. Moreover, intermittent fasting has beneficial effects equivalent to those of caloric restriction in terms of body weight control, improvements in glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, the beneficial effects of intermittent fasting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea,Corresponding author: Yong-Woon Kim, MD, PhD Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea Tel: +82-53-640-6922 • Fax: +82-53-629-7093 • E-mail:
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11
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Gabel K, Cares K, Varady K, Gadi V, Tussing-Humphreys L. Current Evidence and Directions for Intermittent Fasting During Cancer Chemotherapy. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:667-680. [PMID: 34788373 PMCID: PMC8970823 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 40% of the adult population in the USA will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime. Diet is a modifiable factor which is known to affect cancer risk and recurrence. Yet, little is known about how diet influences cancer treatment outcomes. Intermittent fasting, characterized by periods of abstaining from foods and beverages alternated with periods of ad libitum intake, when adopted in the context of chemotherapy, has shown promise in preclinical models resulting in decreased vomiting, diarrhea, visible discomfort, and improved insulin sensitivity and efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatment. Although intermittent fasting during receipt of chemotherapy has been well-established in preclinical models, limited numbers of human studies are now being reported. This review aims to survey the current data examining the effect of intermittent fasting on chemotherapy efficacy, patient treatment outcomes, patient centered outcomes, and circulating biomarkers associated with cancer. Available data show that periodic fasting, a form of intermittent fasting, may hold potential to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy, decrease treatment-related side effects and cancer-promoting factors such as insulin, while ameliorating treatment-related decreases in quality of life and daily functioning. Larger controlled periodic fasting trials, including exploration of alternate forms of intermittent fasting, are needed to better elucidate the effect of intermittent fasting on treatment and patient outcomes during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Gabel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Kate Cares
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vijayakrishna Gadi
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Darvishzadeh Mahani F, Khaksari M, Iranpour M, Soltani Z, Raji-Amirhasani A, Hajializadeh Z. Effects of caloric and time restriction diets on kidney health in rat model of postmenopausal acute kidney injury: An apoptosis and histopathological study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:390-398. [PMID: 35656185 PMCID: PMC9148404 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.61512.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Lifestyle and eating habits affect the health and function of the body's organs, including the kidneys. The current study was carried out to determine the effects of two types of diet programs, including time restriction (TR) and calorie restriction (CR) on the histopathological changes and apoptotic molecules during acute kidney injury (AKI) in postmenopausal rats. Materials and Methods In this study the female rats were divided into two groups of ovariectomized (OVX) and ovary-intact (sham), then they were placed on TR and CR diets for 8 weeks; afterward, AKI was induced by injection of glycerol. Functional indices, histopathological changes, Bax, and Bcl2 were measured before and after AKI. Results After AKI, creatinine, serum urea, urinary albumin excretion, kidney tissue Bax, and Bax/Bcl2 ratio increased, while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and kidney tissue Bcl2 decreased compared with before AKI. Histopathological indices (inflammation, cellular necrosis, cell vacuolization, tubular dilatation, intratubular cast, and congestion) also confirmed renal injury. TR and CR diets improved renal injury indices and prevented an increase in the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. However, in some indices, the effects of two diets on OVX animals were not observed. In addition, none of the diets could decrease kidney weight/body weight ratio (KW/BW). The histopathological finding also showed improvement of renal status in both groups, especially in the CR diet. Conclusion The results indicated that TR and CR diets had renoprotective effects against AKI by reducing the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and improving apoptosis. The effects of CR were more than TR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Iranpour
- Department of pathology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Raji-Amirhasani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajializadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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13
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Visioli F, Mucignat-Caretta C, Anile F, Panaite SA. Traditional and Medical Applications of Fasting. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030433. [PMID: 35276792 PMCID: PMC8838777 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting has been practiced for millennia, for religious, ethical, or health reasons. It is also commonplace among different species, from humans, to animals, to lower eukaryotes. Research on fasting is gaining traction based on recent studies that show its role in many adaptive cellular responses such as the reduction of oxidative damage and inflammation, increase of energy metabolism, and in boosting cellular protection. In this expert review, we recount the historical evolution of fasting and we critically analyze its current medical applications, including benefits and caveats. Based on the available data, we conclude that the manipulation of dietary intake, in the form of calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, dietary restriction with the exclusion of some nutrients, prolonged fasting, and so forth, is anthropologically engraved in human culture possibly because of its positive health effects. Indeed, many studies show that fasting ameliorates many biochemical parameters related to cardiovascular and cancer risk, and neurodegeneration. Mechanistic studies are plentiful, but largely limited to cell cultures or laboratory animals. Understandably, there are no controlled trials of any form of fasting that gauge the effects on [any cause] mortality. Physicians should be aware that misinformation is pervasive and that their patients often adopt dietary regimens that are far from being clinically validated. Moreover, doctors are often unaware of their patients’ religious or traditional fasting and of its potential health effects. Based on current evidence, no long-term fasting should be undertaken without medical supervision until future research will hopefully help shed further light on fasting and its effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 335121 Padova, Italy; (C.M.-C.); (F.A.)
- IMDEA-Food, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390498276107
| | - Carla Mucignat-Caretta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 335121 Padova, Italy; (C.M.-C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Anile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 335121 Padova, Italy; (C.M.-C.); (F.A.)
| | - Stefan-Alexandru Panaite
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
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14
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Vidoni C, Ferraresi A, Esposito A, Maheshwari C, Dhanasekaran DN, Mollace V, Isidoro C. Calorie Restriction for Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Mechanisms, Expectations, and Efficacy. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:224-236. [PMID: 35047448 PMCID: PMC8749320 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.4.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases, and despite the continuous efforts in searching for new and more effective treatments, its morbidity and mortality remain a significant health problem worldwide. Calorie restriction, a dietary manipulation that consists in a reduction of the calorie intake, is gaining attention as a potential adjuvant intervention for preventing and/or fighting cancer. Several forms of energy reduction intake, which includes caloric restriction tout-court, dietary restrictions, and intermittent fasting, are being explored for their ability to prevent or slow down cancer progression. Additionally, another anti-cancer approach being under investigation relies on the use of nutraceuticals known as “Caloric Restriction Mimetics” that can provide caloric restriction-mediated benefits without subjecting the patients to a strict diet. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies consistently show that diet modifiers reducing the calorie have impact on tumor microenvironment and cancer metabolism, resulting in reduced growth and progression of cancer. Preliminary clinical studies show that patients subjected to a reduced nutrient/energy intake experience improved outcomes from chemo- and radiotherapy while better tolerating the side effects. Here, we review the state of the art on the therapeutic potential of calorie restriction and of caloric restriction mimetics in preventing or retarding tumor development by modulating a subset of cellular processes. The most recent clinical progresses with caloric restriction mimetics in the clinical practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vidoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Esposito
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Chinmay Maheshwari
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
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15
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Randomised controlled trial of intermittent vs continuous energy restriction during chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 126:1157-1167. [PMID: 34912072 PMCID: PMC9023522 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess adiposity at diagnosis and weight gain during chemotherapy is associated with tumour recurrence and chemotherapy toxicity. We assessed the efficacy of intermittent energy restriction (IER) vs continuous energy restriction (CER) for weight control and toxicity reduction during chemotherapy. METHODS One hundred and seventy-two women were randomised to follow IER or CER throughout adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Primary endpoints were weight and body fat change. Secondary endpoints included chemotherapy toxicity, cardiovascular risk markers, and correlative markers of metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. RESULTS Primary analyses showed non-significant reductions in weight (-1.1 (-2.4 to +0.2) kg, p = 0.11) and body fat (-1.0 (-2.1 to +0.1) kg, p = 0.086) in IER compared with CER. Predefined secondary analyses adjusted for body water showed significantly greater reductions in weight (-1.4 (-2.5 to -0.2) kg, p = 0.024) and body fat (-1.1 (-2.1 to -0.2) kg, p = 0.046) in IER compared with CER. Incidence of grade 3/4 toxicities were comparable overall (IER 31.0 vs CER 36.5%, p = 0.45) with a trend to fewer grade 3/4 toxicities with IER (18%) vs CER (31%) during cycles 4-6 of primarily taxane therapy (p = 0.063). CONCLUSIONS IER is feasible during chemotherapy. The potential efficacy for weight control and reducing toxicity needs to be tested in future larger trials. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN04156504.
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16
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Evaluating the beneficial effects of dietary restrictions: A framework for precision nutrigeroscience. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2142-2173. [PMID: 34555343 PMCID: PMC8845500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) has long been viewed as the most robust nongenetic means to extend lifespan and healthspan. Many aging-associated mechanisms are nutrient responsive, but despite the ubiquitous functions of these pathways, the benefits of DR often vary among individuals and even among tissues within an individual, challenging the aging research field. Furthermore, it is often assumed that lifespan interventions like DR will also extend healthspan, which is thus often ignored in aging studies. In this review, we provide an overview of DR as an intervention and discuss the mechanisms by which it affects lifespan and various healthspan measures. We also review studies that demonstrate exceptions to the standing paradigm of DR being beneficial, thus raising new questions that future studies must address. We detail critical factors for the proposed field of precision nutrigeroscience, which would utilize individualized treatments and predict outcomes using biomarkers based on genotype, sex, tissue, and age.
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17
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Li Y, Dong J, Xiao H, Wang B, Chen Z, Zhang S, Jin Y, Li Y, Fan S, Cui M. Caloric restriction alleviates radiation injuries in a sex-dependent fashion. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21787. [PMID: 34320242 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100351rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Safe and effective regimens are still needed given the risk of radiation toxicity from iatrogenic irradiation. The gut microbiota plays an important role in radiation damage. Diet has emerged as a key determinant of the intestinal microbiome signature and function. In this report, we investigated whether a 30% caloric restriction (CR) diet may ameliorate radiation enteritis and hematopoietic toxicity. Experimental mice were either fed ad libitum (AL) or subjected to CR preconditioning for 10 days and then exposed to total body irradiation (TBI) or total abdominal irradiation (TAI). Gross examinations showed that short-term CR pretreatment restored hematogenic organs and improved the intestinal architecture in both male and female mice. Intriguingly, CR preconditioning mitigated radiation-induced systemic and enteric inflammation in female mice, while gut barrier function improved in irradiated males. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing showed that the frequency of pro-inflammatory microbes, including Helicobacter and Desulfovibrionaceae, was reduced in female mice after 10 days of CR preconditioning, while an enrichment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibaculum, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillus, was observed in males. Using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or antibiotic administration to alter the gut microbiota counteracted the short-term CR-elicited radiation tolerance of both male and female mice, further indicating that the radioprotection of a 30% CR diet depends on altering the gut microbiota. Together, our findings provide new insights into CR in clinical applications and indicate that a short-term CR diet prior to radiation modulates sex-specific gut microbiota configurations, protecting male and female mice against the side effects caused by radiation challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiali Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiwen Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxiao Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiliang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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18
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Austad SN, Hoffman JM. Beyond calorie restriction: aging as a biological target for nutrient therapies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 70:56-60. [PMID: 33360494 PMCID: PMC8219814 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arguably, the most important discovery in the biology of aging to date was that simply reducing food intake extended life and improved many aspects of health in a diversity of animal species. The conventional wisdom that emerged from first 50 years of rodent food restriction studies included (1) that the longevity impact of restriction was greater the longer restriction was imposed, and (2) that restricting calories rather than any specific macronutrient was critical to its health and longevity benefits. However these assumptions began to crumble as more and more restriction research was performed on other species besides laboratory rodents. Recent investigations of flies, rodents, monkeys, and increasingly humans, has begun to parse how calorie restriction, protein restriction, intermittent fasting, and the temporal pattern of eating all impact the health benefits of food restriction. Fly research continues to inform, as it has repeatedly shown that genotype, age, sex, duration, and tempo restriction all affect the health impact. Ultimately, optimizing human diets will require a personalized approach using omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Bozzetti F. Does nutrition support during chemotherapy increase long-term survival of cancer patients? Lessons from the past and future perspectives. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:7269-7277. [PMID: 34309702 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this review was to analyze the potential effect of the nutritional support (oral supplementation/counseling, tube feeding, parenteral nutrition) combined with chemotherapy on long-term survival of cancer patients. METHODS Using various electronic databases, we retrieved all English language papers on the combination nutritional support and chemotherapy and including data on long-term survival. RESULTS 29 trials (4 non-RCT) were retrieved. No significant benefit was observed except for a longer survival in a few selected subgroups of patients, depending on the tumor stage and compliance with the nutritional support. However, no study included survival as primary endpoint or was adequately powered for this purpose, and patients were seldom affected by malnutrition, a condition which would have made them extremely vulnerable and unsafe during an intensive chemotherapy with significant gastrointestinal toxicity. Finally, nutritional regimens were often inappropriate as regards quality and quantity of nutrients or too similar in the two arms of the trial to expect a result. CONCLUSION From the review of these trials, it appears clear that there is absence of evidence more than evidence of absence of effect of the supplemental nutritional support. This poor scenario should not discourage future large multicenter trials to assess the potential of an early versus a delayed support in mildly malnourished patients. From the practical point of view, a nutritional supplementation should be considered when severe malnutrition caused by the disease or following repeated oncologic treatments can make the patients poorly compliant with further chemotherapy cycles, as recommended by the international guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bozzetti
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 11, 20100, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Aubrey C, Skeldon M, Chapelsky S, Giannakopoulos N, Ghosh S, Steed H, Pin S. Preoperative weight loss in women with obesity in gynaecologic oncology: A retrospective study. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12445. [PMID: 33710796 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To retrospectively review the efficacy of short term supervised medical weight loss for women with obesity, body mass index (BMI ≥40 kg/m2 ) in gynaecologic oncology, and the associated perioperative and pathologic outcomes. A retrospective study of a dedicated preoperative weight loss clinic for gynaecologic oncology patients from March to December 2019. Statistical analysis was performed with McNemar's test for correlated proportions, Pearson's correlation tests for continuous variables, and paired t-tests to compare means. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to determine the factors associated with weight loss over time. A P-value of <.05 was used for statistical significance. Review of cases up-graded after surgery was performed by a gynaecologic pathologist. There were a total of 49 women included in the study. The most common referral reason was endometrioid carcinoma or hyperplasia of the endometrium (77.6%). Mean initial weight was 130.2 kg, and corresponding mean BMI 48.1 kg/m2 . Patients attended on average nine preoperative weight loss visits. A significant difference between initial weight and weight at surgery was demonstrated, from 129.6 to 118.0 kg (8.4% weight loss) (P < .0001). This difference persisted to their post-surgical visit, with an additional mean loss of 1.89 kg (9.4% weight loss) (P = .044). The majority (92.1%) of patients with endometrial pathology had surgical management, and of these 85.7% were minimally invasive. Preoperative weight loss is a feasible option in gynaecologic oncology patients. Greater understanding of clinical significance, follow-up, and ideal target population for this intervention is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Aubrey
- Gynecologic Oncology Fellow, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Skeldon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah Chapelsky
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nadia Giannakopoulos
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Research Scientist, Alberta Health Services-Cancer Control Alberta, Department of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Helen Steed
- Cross Cancer Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sophia Pin
- Cross Cancer Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Calabrese EJ. Hormesis Mediates Acquired Resilience: Using Plant-Derived Chemicals to Enhance Health. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:355-381. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-062420-124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an assessment of hormesis, a highly conserved evolutionary dose-response adaptive strategy that leads to the development of acquired resilience within well-defined temporal windows. The hormetic-based acquired resilience has a central role in affecting healthy aging, slowing the onset and progression of numerous neurodegenerative and other age-related diseases, and reducing risks and damage due to heart attacks, stroke, and other serious conditions of public health and medical importance. The review provides the historical foundations of hormesis, its dose-response features, its capacity for generalization across biological models and endpoints measured, and its mechanistic foundations. The review also provides a focus on the adaptive features of hormesis, i.e., its capacity to upregulate acquired resilience and how this can be mediated by numerous plant-derived extracts, such as curcumin, ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, resveratrol, and green tea, that induce a broad spectrum of chemopreventive effects via hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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22
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Sims CA, Labiner HE, Shah SS, Baur JA. Longevity pathways in stress resistance: targeting NAD and sirtuins to treat the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. GeroScience 2021; 43:1217-1228. [PMID: 33462707 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress resistance correlates with longevity and this pattern has been exploited to help identify genes that can influence lifespan. Reciprocally, genes and pharmacological agents that have been studied primarily in the context of longevity may be an untapped resource for treating acute stresses. Here we summarize the evidence that targeting SIRT1, studied primarily in the context of longevity, can improve outcomes in hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Hemorrhagic shock is a potentially fatal condition that occurs when blood loss is so severe that tissues no longer receive adequate oxygen. While stabilizing the blood pressure and reperfusing tissues are necessary, re-introducing oxygen to ischemic tissues generates a burst of reactive oxygen species that can cause secondary tissue damage. Reactive oxygen species not only exacerbate the inflammatory cascade but also can directly damage mitochondria, leading to bioenergetic failure in the affected tissues. Treatments with polyphenol resveratrol and with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) precursors have both shown promising results in rodent models of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Although a number of different mechanisms may be at play in each case, a common theme is that resveratrol and NAD both enhance the activity of SIRT1. Moreover, many of the physiologic improvements observed with resveratrol and NAD precursors are consistent with modulation of known SIRT1 targets. Because small blood vessels and limited blood volume make mice very challenging for the development of hemorrhagic shock models, there is a paucity of direct genetic evidence testing the role of SIRT1. However, the development of more robust methods in mice as well as genetic modifications in rats should allow the study of SIRT1 transgenic and KO rodents in the near future. The potential therapeutic effect of SIRT1 in hemorrhagic shock may serve as an important example supporting the value of considering "longevity" pathways in the mitigation of acute stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A Sims
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Burn at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Faculty Office Tower, 395 12th Ave, Room 654, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Hanna E Labiner
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Burn at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Faculty Office Tower, 395 12th Ave, Room 654, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sohini S Shah
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., SCTR 12-114, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., SCTR 12-114, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Mehrabani S, Bagherniya M, Askari G, Read MI, Sahebkar A. The effect of fasting or calorie restriction on mitophagy induction: a literature review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1447-1458. [PMID: 32856431 PMCID: PMC7749612 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction can be a major cause of a wide range of age-related diseases. Maintaining the normal homeostasis of mitochondria population plays an important role in ensuring people's health, which is done through the mitophagy process. Among the various stimuli for the onset of mitophagy, caloric restriction (CR) is one of the strongest non-genetic triggers for initiating the mitophagy process. The primary objective of this paper is to review the literature assessing the effect of CR on mitophagy. Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was searched from inception to 1 August 2019. Reference lists from all selected articles were also examined for additional relevant studies. The evidence regarding the effect of fasting or CR on mitophagy is still limited. In addition, the methodological approaches of the studies are too heterogeneous in terms of types of food restriction, study duration, and targeted tissues. Most of the studies showed that fasting or CR induced mitophagy and mitophagy-related markers such as Binp3 and Parkin. However, some studies demonstrated that mitophagy occurred both in fasting and fed state with no significant differences or may be induced in fed state. Study on the muscle tissue of subjects after exercise showed that mitophagy was upregulated in the fed state. It has been demonstrated that mitophagy in the muscle was lowered in the absence of AMP-dependent kinase and fibroblast growth factor 21 genes, both in fasted and fed conditions. Current evidence overwhelmingly suggests that CR and fasting induce mitophagy and mitophagy-related markers. Based on the current evidence that we reviewed here, it could be concluded that fasting or CR has a promising role as a novel and practical approach in the prevention of age-related diseases without any side effects by inducing mitophagy in different organs of the body. More studies will be required in future to clarify the relationship between food deprivation and mitophagy. Further studies using a variety of different types of CR and fasting states are also warranted to determine the best approach for inducing mitophagy and improving health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Mehrabani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morgayn I Read
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
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24
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Jiang M, Bai M, Lei J, Xie Y, Xu S, Jia Z, Zhang A. Mitochondrial dysfunction and the AKI-to-CKD transition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F1105-F1116. [PMID: 33073587 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00285.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been widely recognized as an important risk factor for the occurrence and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Even milder AKI has adverse consequences and could progress to renal fibrosis, which is the ultimate common pathway for various terminal kidney diseases. Thus, it is urgent to develop a strategy to hinder the transition from AKI to CKD. Some mechanisms of the AKI-to-CKD transition have been revealed, such as nephron loss, cell cycle arrest, persistent inflammation, endothelial injury with vascular rarefaction, and epigenetic changes. Previous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of mitochondria in acute injuries and demonstrated that the fitness of this organelle is a major determinant in both the pathogenesis and recovery of organ function. Recent research has suggested that damage to mitochondrial function in early AKI is a crucial factor leading to tubular injury and persistent renal insufficiency. Dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, alterations in bioenergetics, and organelle stress cross talk contribute to the AKI-to-CKD transition. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology of mitochondria in renal recovery after AKI and progression to CKD, confirming that targeting mitochondria represents a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for the progression of AKI to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Lab of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Saat TC, van der Pluijm I, Ridwan Y, van Damme-van den Engel S, van Heijningen PM, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Verhagen HJM, IJzermans JNM, Essers J, de Bruin RWF. Pre-Operative Fasting Provides Long Term Protection Against Chronic Renal Damage Induced by Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury in Wild Type and Aneurysm Prone Fibulin-4 Mice. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2020; 60:905-915. [PMID: 33032926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable during open repair of pararenal aortic aneurysms. Pre-operative fasting potently increases resistance against IRI. The effect of fasting on IRI was examined in a hypomorphic Fibulin-4 mouse model (Fibulin-4+/R), which is predisposed to develop aortic aneurysms. METHODS Wild type (WT) and Fibulin-4+/R mice were either fed ad libitum (AL) or fasted for two days before renal IRI induction by temporary clamping of the renal artery and vein of both kidneys. Six hours, 48 h, and seven days post-operatively, serum urea levels, renal histology, and mRNA expression levels of inflammatory and injury genes were determined to assess kidney function and damage. Additionally, matrix metalloproteinase activity in the kidney was assessed six months after IRI. RESULTS Two days of fasting improved survival the first week after renal IRI in WT mice compared with AL fed mice. Short term AL fed Fibulin-4+/R mice showed improved survival and kidney function compared with AL fed WT mice, which could not be further enhanced by fasting. Both fasted WT and Fibulin-4+/R mice showed improved survival, kidney function and morphology compared with AL fed mice six months after renal IRI. Fibulin-4+/R kidneys of fasted mice showed reduced apoptosis together with increased matrix metalloprotease activity levels compared with AL fed Fibulin-4+/R mice, indicative of increased matrix remodelling. CONCLUSION Fibulin-4+/R mice are naturally protected against the short-term, but not long-term, consequences of renal IRI. Pre-operative fasting protects against renal IRI and prevents (long-term) deterioration of kidney function and morphology in both WT and Fibulin-4+/R mice. These data suggest that pre-operative fasting may decrease renal damage in patients undergoing open abdominal aneurysm repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja C Saat
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yanto Ridwan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paula M van Heijningen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hence J M Verhagen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ron W F de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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26
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Pinto DO, DeMarino C, Vo TT, Cowen M, Kim Y, Pleet ML, Barclay RA, Noren Hooten N, Evans MK, Heredia A, Batrakova EV, Iordanskiy S, Kashanchi F. Low-Level Ionizing Radiation Induces Selective Killing of HIV-1-Infected Cells with Reversal of Cytokine Induction Using mTOR Inhibitors. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080885. [PMID: 32823598 PMCID: PMC7472203 DOI: 10.3390/v12080885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infects 39.5 million people worldwide, and cART is effective in preventing viral spread by reducing HIV-1 plasma viral loads to undetectable levels. However, viral reservoirs persist by mechanisms, including the inhibition of autophagy by HIV-1 proteins (i.e., Nef and Tat). HIV-1 reservoirs can be targeted by the “shock and kill” strategy, which utilizes latency-reversing agents (LRAs) to activate latent proviruses and immunotarget the virus-producing cells. Yet, limitations include reduced LRA permeability across anatomical barriers and immune hyper-activation. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces effective viral activation across anatomical barriers. Like other LRAs, IR may cause inflammation and modulate the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We and others have shown that cells may secrete cytokines and viral proteins in EVs and, therefore, LRAs may contribute to inflammatory EVs. In the present study, we mitigated the effects of IR-induced inflammatory EVs (i.e., TNF-α), through the use of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi; Rapamycin and INK128). Further, mTORi were found to enhance the selective killing of HIV-1-infected myeloid and T-cell reservoirs at the exclusion of uninfected cells, potentially via inhibition of viral transcription/translation and induction of autophagy. Collectively, the proposed regimen using cART, IR, and mTORi presents a novel approach allowing for the targeting of viral reservoirs, prevention of immune hyper-activation, and selectively killing latently infected HIV-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O. Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Catherine DeMarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Thy T. Vo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Maria Cowen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Yuriy Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Michelle L. Pleet
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Robert A. Barclay
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (N.N.H.); (M.K.E.)
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (N.N.H.); (M.K.E.)
| | - Alonso Heredia
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Elena V. Batrakova
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Sergey Iordanskiy
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +703-993-9160; Fax: +703-993-7022
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27
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Jongbloed F, de Bruin RWF, Steeg HV, Beekhof P, Wackers P, Hesselink DA, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Dollé MET, IJzermans JNM. Protein and calorie restriction may improve outcomes in living kidney donors and kidney transplant recipients. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12441-12467. [PMID: 32652516 PMCID: PMC7377854 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we and others showed that dietary restriction protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in animals. However, clinical translation of preoperative diets is scarce, and in the setting of kidney transplantation these data are lacking. In this pilot study, we investigated the effects of five days of a preoperative protein and caloric dietary restriction (PCR) diet in living kidney donors on the perioperative effects in donors, recipients and transplanted kidneys. Thirty-five kidney donors were randomized into either the PCR, 30% calorie and 80% protein reduction, or control group without restrictions. Adherence to the diet and kidney function in donors and their kidney recipients were analyzed. Perioperative kidney biopsies were taken in a selected group of transplanted kidneys for gene expression analysis. All donors adhered to the diet. From postoperative day 2 up until month 1, kidney function of donors was significantly better in the PCR-group. PCR-donor kidney recipients showed significantly improved kidney function and lower incidence of slow graft function and acute rejection. PCR inhibited cellular immune response pathways and activated stress-resistance signaling. These observations are the first to show that preoperative dietary restriction induces postoperative recovery benefits in humans and may be beneficial in clinical settings involving ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franny Jongbloed
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Health Protection Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ron W F de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Van Steeg
- Laboratory of Health Protection Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Beekhof
- Laboratory of Health Protection Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wackers
- Laboratory of Health Protection Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- Laboratory of Health Protection Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Rojas-Morales P, León-Contreras JC, Granados-Pineda J, Hernández-Pando R, Gonzaga G, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Osorio-Alonso H, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Protection against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury by short-term time-restricted feeding involves the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:75-83. [PMID: 32376457 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Food restriction improves metabolic health and increases resistance to stress in experimental animals. However, most studies have focused on long-term dietary restriction protocols consisting of several weeks or months of limited food ingestion. Here it was investigated the impact of 2-h time-restricted feeding (TRF) for one week on stress resistance in a rat model of kidney injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion (IR). At baseline, TRF reduced blood glucose, increased β-hydroxybutyrate and improved body composition in male Wistar rats. Importantly, implementing the one-week TRF schedule before ischemia significantly improved renal function, suppressed tubular injury, prevented the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and inhibited the development of interstitial fibrosis. These benefits were related to increased antioxidant protection, reduction in dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and modulation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Specifically, preoperative TRF boosted the activation of the UPRmt in the acute phase after renal IR while promoted its resolution at the stage of fibrosis. Our study indicates that dietary preconditioning by short-term TRF improves the outcome of renal IR injury, and suggests that an optimal intervention that promotes kidney protection may not necessarily require adherence to restrictive diets for prolonged periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Jessica Granados-Pineda
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Gonzaga
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico.
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29
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Freire T, Senior AM, Perks R, Pulpitel T, Clark X, Brandon AE, Wahl D, Hatchwell L, Le Couteur DG, Cooney GJ, Larance M, Simpson SJ, Solon-Biet SM. Sex-specific metabolic responses to 6 hours of fasting during the active phase in young mice. J Physiol 2020; 598:2081-2092. [PMID: 32198893 DOI: 10.1113/jp278806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Night time/active phase food restriction for 6 h impaired glucose intolerance in young male and female mice. Females displayed increased capacity for lipogenesis and triglyceride storage in response to a short daily fast. Females had lower fasting insulin levels and an increased potential for utilizing fat for energy through β-oxidation compared to males. The need for the inclusion of both sexes, and the treatment of sex as an independent variable, is emphasized within the context of this fasting regime. ABSTRACT There is growing interest in understanding the mechanistic significance and benefits of fasting physiology in combating obesity. Increasing the fasting phase of a normal day can promote restoration and repair mechanisms that occur during the post-absorptive period. Most studies exploring the effect of restricting food access on mitigating obesity have done so with a large bias towards the use of male mice. Here, we disentangle the roles of sex, food intake and food withdrawal in the response to a short-term daily fasting intervention, in which food was removed for 6 h in the dark/active phase of young, 8-week-old mice. We showed that the removal of food during the dark phase impaired glucose tolerance in males and females, possibly due to the circadian disruption induced by this feeding protocol. Although both sexes demonstrated similar patterns of food intake, body composition and various metabolic markers, there were clear sex differences in the magnitude and extent of these responses. While females displayed enhanced capacity for lipogenesis and triglyceride storage, they also had low fasting insulin levels and an increased potential for utilizing available energy sources such as fat for energy through β-oxidation. Our results highlight the intrinsic biological and metabolic disparities between male and female mice, emphasizing the growing need for the inclusion of both sexes in scientific research. Furthermore, our results illustrate sex-specific metabolic pathways that regulate lipogenesis, obesity and overall metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Freire
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruth Perks
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamara Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ximonie Clark
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke Hatchwell
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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30
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Grundmann F, Müller RU, Hoyer-Allo KJR, Späth MR, Passmann E, Becker I, Pfister R, Baldus S, Benzing T, Burst V. Dietary restriction for prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angiography: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5202. [PMID: 32251303 PMCID: PMC7089976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-term dietary restriction (DR) may prevent organ damage from ischemic or toxic insults in animals, but clear evidence in humans is missing. While especially intraarterial administration of contrast media represents a cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI), targeted preventive strategies are not available. This trial investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of pre-interventional DR for preventing AKI in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients were randomized to receive a formula diet containing 60% of daily energy requirement (DR group) or ad-libitum food during the 4-day-interval before PCI. Primary endpoint was change of serum creatinine 48 h after PCI (Δcreatinine). Further analyses included incidence of AKI and safety evaluation. Δcreatinine post PCI in the DR group vs. the control group did not show any difference (DR: 0.03(-0.15,0.14)mg/dL vs. control: 0.09(-0.03,0.22)mg/dL;p = 0.797). Subgroup analyses revealed a significant beneficial impact of DR in patients that received ≤100 ml of contrast agent (DR n = 26: Δcreatinine -0.03(-0.20,0.08)mg/dL vs. control n = 24: Δcreatinine 0.10(-0.08,0.24)mg/dL; p = 0.041) and in patients with ≤2 risk factors for AKI (DR: n = 27; Δcreatinine -0.01(-0.18,0.07)mg/dL vs. control n = 31: Δcreatinine 0.09(-0.03,0.16)mg/dl; p = 0.030). Although the primary endpoint was not met, the results of this trial suggest a beneficial impact of DR in low-to-moderate risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Grundmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karla Johanna Ruth Hoyer-Allo
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Richard Späth
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Passmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingrid Becker
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman Pfister
- Department III of Internal Medicine, Heart Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Department III of Internal Medicine, Heart Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Burst
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Rojas-Morales P, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Ketone bodies, stress response, and redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2019; 29:101395. [PMID: 31926621 PMCID: PMC6911969 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate is no longer viewed simply as a metabolic intermediate, as it regulates a broad range of physiological processes at cellular and systemic levels. Particularly, β-hydroxybutyrate functions as a stress response molecule and orchestrates an antioxidant defense program to maintain redox homeostasis in response to environmental and metabolic challenges, such as ischemia. This property of β-hydroxybutyrate might be key for the beneficial effect of calorie restriction on stress response and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico.
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Mechanisms of Fasting-Mediated Protection against Renal Injury and Fibrosis Development after Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090404. [PMID: 31443530 PMCID: PMC6770803 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney may lead to renal fibrosis through a combination of several mechanisms. We recently demonstrated that fasting protects the rat kidney against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in early acute kidney injury, and also against fibrosis development. Here we show that preoperative fasting preserves redox status and mitochondrial homeostasis at the chronic phase of damage after severe ischemia. Also, the protective effect of fasting coincides with the suppression of inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as the down-regulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways in the fibrotic kidney. Our results demonstrate that fasting targets multiple pathophysiological mechanisms to prevent renal fibrosis and damage that results after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Dietary restriction during the treatment of cancer: results of a systematic scoping review. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:811. [PMID: 31416430 PMCID: PMC6694513 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diets that restrict energy or macronutrient intake (e.g. fasting/ketogenic diets (KDs)) may selectively protect non-tumour cells during cancer treatment. Previous reviews have focused on a subset of dietary restrictions (DR) or have not performed systematic searches. We conducted a systematic scoping review of DR at the time of cancer treatment. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED and Web of Science databases were searched for studies of adults undergoing DR alongside treatment for cancer. Search results were screened against inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data from included studies were extracted by two independent reviewers. Results were summarised narratively. Results Twenty-three independent studies (34 articles), with small sample sizes, met the inclusion criteria. Four categories were identified: KDs (10 studies), fasting (4 studies), protein restriction (5 studies) and combined interventions (4 studies). Diets were tolerated well, however adherence was variable, particularly for KDs. Biomarker analysis in KDs and fasting resulted in the expected increase in ketones or reduction in insulin-like growth factors, respectively, however they did not reduce glucose. Conclusions Future research with adequately powered studies is required to test the effects of each DR intervention on treatment toxicities and outcomes. Further research into improving adherence to DR may improve the feasibility of larger trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5931-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Rojas-Morales P, León-Contreras JC, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Reyes-Ocampo JG, Medina-Campos ON, Jiménez-Osorio AS, González-Reyes S, Marquina-Castillo B, Hernández-Pando R, Barrera-Oviedo D, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Fasting reduces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and fibrosis induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:60-67. [PMID: 30818054 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Food deprivation protects against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury through unknown mechanisms. In an experimental rat model of acute IR injury, we found that preoperative fasting for 3 days protects rats from tubular damage and renal functional decline by increasing antioxidant protection independently of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and by maintaining mitochondrial morphology and function. In addition, further analysis revealed that fasting protects against tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In summary, our results point out to fasting as a robust nutritional intervention to limit oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in early acute kidney injury and also to promote long-term protection against fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Jazmin Gabriela Reyes-Ocampo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Omar Noel Medina-Campos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Susana González-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Diana Barrera-Oviedo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
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Geisler JG. 2,4 Dinitrophenol as Medicine. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030280. [PMID: 30909602 PMCID: PMC6468406 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the sanctity of pure drug discovery, objective reasoning can become clouded when pursuing ideas that appear unorthodox, but are spot on physiologically. To put this into historical perspective, it was an unorthodox idea in the 1950’s to suggest that warfarin, a rat poison, could be repositioned into a breakthrough drug in humans to protect against strokes as a blood thinner. Yet it was approved in 1954 as Coumadin® and has been prescribed to billions of patients as a standard of care. Similarly, no one can forget the horrific effects of thalidomide, prescribed or available without a prescription, as both a sleeping pill and “morning sickness” anti-nausea medication targeting pregnant women in the 1950’s. The “thalidomide babies” became the case-in-point for the need of strict guidelines by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) or full multi-species teratogenicity testing before drug approval. More recently it was found that thalidomide is useful in graft versus host disease, leprosy and resistant tuberculosis treatment, and as an anti-angiogenesis agent as a breakthrough drug for multiple myeloma (except for pregnant female patients). Decades of diabetes drug discovery research has historically focused on every possible angle, except, the energy-out side of the equation, namely, raising mitochondrial energy expenditure with chemical uncouplers. The idea of “social responsibility” allowed energy-in agents to be explored and the portfolio is robust with medicines of insulin sensitizers, insulin analogues, secretagogues, SGLT2 inhibitors, etc., but not energy-out medicines. The primary reason? It appeared unorthodox, to return to exploring a drug platform used in the 1930s in over 100,000 obese patients used for weight loss. This is over 80-years ago and prior to Dr Peter Mitchell explaining the mechanism of how mitochondrial uncouplers, like 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) even worked by three decades later in 1961. Although there is a clear application for metabolic disease, it was not until recently that this platform was explored for its merit at very low, weight-neutral doses, for treating insidious human illnesses and completely unrelated to weight reduction. It is known that mitochondrial uncouplers specifically target the entire organelle’s physiology non-genomically. It has been known for years that many neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases are associated with overt production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs), a rise in isoprostanes (biomarker of mitochondrial ROSs in urine or blood) and poor calcium (Ca2+) handing. It has also been known that mitochondrial uncouplers lower ROS production and Ca2+ overload. There is evidence that elevation of isoprostanes precedes disease onset, in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). It is also curious, why so many neurodegenerative diseases of known and unknown etiology start at mid-life or later, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Huntington Disease (HD), AD, Parkinson Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Is there a relationship to a buildup of mutations that are sequestered over time due to ROSs exceeding the rate of repair? If ROS production were managed, could disease onset due to aging be delayed or prevented? Is it possible that most, if not all neurodegenerative diseases are manifested through mitochondrial dysfunction? Although DNP, a historic mitochondrial uncoupler, was used in the 1930s at high doses for obesity in well over 100,000 humans, and so far, it has never been an FDA-approved drug. This review will focus on the application of using DNP, but now, repositioned as a potential disease-modifying drug for a legion of insidious diseases at much lower and paradoxically, weight neutral doses. DNP will be addressed as a treatment for “metabesity”, an emerging term related to the global comorbidities associated with the over-nutritional phenotype; obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, but including neurodegenerative disorders and accelerated aging. Some unexpected drug findings will be discussed, such as DNP’s induction of neurotrophic growth factors involved in neuronal heath, learning and cognition. For the first time in 80’s years, the FDA has granted (to Mitochon Pharmaceutical, Inc., Blue Bell, PA, USA) an open Investigational New Drug (IND) approval to begin rigorous clinical testing of DNP for safety and tolerability, including for the first ever, pharmacokinetic profiling in humans. Successful completion of Phase I clinical trial will open the door to explore the merits of DNP as a possible treatment of people with many truly unmet medical needs, including those suffering from HD, MS, PD, AD, ALS, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Geisler
- Mitochon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 970 Cross Lane, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Wilhelmi de Toledo F, Grundler F, Bergouignan A, Drinda S, Michalsen A. Safety, health improvement and well-being during a 4 to 21-day fasting period in an observational study including 1422 subjects. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209353. [PMID: 30601864 PMCID: PMC6314618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Only few studies document longer periods of fasting in large cohorts including non-obese participants. The aim of this study was to document prospectively the safety and any changes in basic health and well-being indicators during Buchinger periodic fasting within a specialised clinic. In a one-year observational study 1422 subjects participated in a fasting program consisting of fasting periods of between 4 and 21 days. Subjects were grouped in fasting period lengths of 5, 10, 15 and 20±2 days. The participants fasted according to the Buchinger guidelines with a daily caloric intake of 200-250 kcal accompanied by a moderate-intensity lifestyle program. Clinical parameters as well as adverse effects and well-being were documented daily. Blood examinations before and at the end of the fasting period complemented the pre-post analysis using mixed-effects linear models. Significant reductions in weight, abdominal circumference and blood pressure were observed in the whole group (each p<0.001). A beneficial modulating effect of fasting on blood lipids, glucoregulation and further general health-related blood parameters was shown. In all groups, fasting led to a decrease in blood glucose levels to low norm range and to an increase in ketone bodies levels (each p<0.001), documenting the metabolic switch. An increase in physical and emotional well-being (each p<0.001) and an absence of hunger feeling in 93.2% of the subjects supported the feasibility of prolonged fasting. Among the 404 subjects with pre-existing health-complaints, 341 (84.4%) reported an improvement. Adverse effects were reported in less than 1% of the participants. The results from 1422 subjects showed for the first time that Buchinger periodic fasting lasting from 4 to 21 days is safe and well tolerated. It led to enhancement of emotional and physical well-being and improvements in relevant cardiovascular and general risk factors, as well as subjective health complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franziska Grundler
- Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Überlingen, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- UMR 7178 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Poljsak B, Kovac V, Dahmane R, Levec T, Starc A. Cancer Etiology: A Metabolic Disease Originating from Life's Major Evolutionary Transition? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7831952. [PMID: 31687086 PMCID: PMC6800902 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7831952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A clear understanding of the origins of cancer is the basis of successful strategies for effective cancer prevention and management. The origin of cancer at the molecular and cellular levels is not well understood. Is the primary cause of the origin of cancer the genomic instability or impaired energy metabolism? An attempt was made to present cancer etiology originating from life's major evolutionary transition. The first evolutionary transition went from simple to complex cells when eukaryotic cells with glycolytic energy production merged with the oxidative mitochondrion (The Endosymbiosis Theory first proposed by Lynn Margulis in the 1960s). The second transition went from single-celled to multicellular organisms once the cells obtained mitochondria, which enabled them to obtain a higher amount of energy. Evidence will be presented that these two transitions, as well as the decline of NAD+ and ATP levels, are the root of cancer diseases. Restoring redox homeostasis and reactivation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism are important factors in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Poljsak
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V. Kovac
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R. Dahmane
- 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Biomedicine in Health Care, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - T. Levec
- 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A. Starc
- 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Fassier P, Srour B, Raynard B, Zelek L, Cohen P, Bachmann P, Touillaud M, Druesne-Pecollo N, Bellenchombre L, Cousson-Gélie F, Cottet V, Féliu F, Mas S, Deschasaux M, Galan P, Hercberg S, Latino-Martel P, Touvier M. Fasting and weight-loss restrictive diet practices among 2,700 cancer survivors: results from the NutriNet-Santé cohort. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2687-2697. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippine Fassier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN): Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 5, 7 and 13 Universities; F-93017 Bobigny France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN): Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 5, 7 and 13 Universities; F-93017 Bobigny France
| | - Bruno Raynard
- Dietetic and Nutrition Unit; Cancer campus Grand-Paris, Gustave-Roussy cancer; Paris France
| | - Laurent Zelek
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN): Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 5, 7 and 13 Universities; F-93017 Bobigny France
- Oncology Department; Avicenne Hospital; F-93017 Bobigny France
| | - Patrice Cohen
- Sociology Department; University of Rouen; F-76821 Rouen France
| | | | - Marina Touillaud
- Léon Bérard Cancer Center; F-69008 Lyon France
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon UMR Inserm 1052 CNRS 5286 CLB; F-69003 Lyon France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN): Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 5, 7 and 13 Universities; F-93017 Bobigny France
| | | | - Florence Cousson-Gélie
- Laboratory Epsylon EA4556 Dynamics of Human Abilities and Health Behaviors; University Paul Valery Montpellier 3; F-34090 Montpellier France
- Epidaure, Prevention Department; Montpellier Cancer Institute; F-34298 Montpellier France
| | - Vanessa Cottet
- Clinical and epidemiology research in digestive cancerology. Recherches Epidémiologiques et Cliniques en Cancérologie Digestive; University Hospital of Dijon, Inserm U866, Digestive Cancer Registry of Burgundy, University of Burgundy; F-21078 Dijon France
| | - François Féliu
- Sociology Department; University of Rouen; F-76821 Rouen France
| | - Sébastien Mas
- Laboratory Epsylon EA4556 Dynamics of Human Abilities and Health Behaviors; University Paul Valery Montpellier 3; F-34090 Montpellier France
- Epidaure, Prevention Department; Montpellier Cancer Institute; F-34298 Montpellier France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN): Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 5, 7 and 13 Universities; F-93017 Bobigny France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN): Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 5, 7 and 13 Universities; F-93017 Bobigny France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN): Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 5, 7 and 13 Universities; F-93017 Bobigny France
- Public Health Department; Avicenne Hospital; F-93017 Bobigny France
| | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN): Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 5, 7 and 13 Universities; F-93017 Bobigny France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN): Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 5, 7 and 13 Universities; F-93017 Bobigny France
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Caprara G. Diet and longevity: The effects of traditional eating habits on human lifespan extension. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the dawn of time human beings have been trying to improve the quality of the existence and extend their lifespan. Genetic, environmental, behavioral and dietary factors influence the pathways that regulate aging and life expectancy, thus rendering longevity a very complex phenomenon. Although a long-lived elixir has not yet been found, physicians and scientists agree that nutrition has a major impact on the overall mortality and morbidity, hence becoming the subject of a widespread scientific research. This review describes, analyzes and compares the effects of different types of diets in reducing the onset of typical Western countries non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (cardiovascular diseases, tumors, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, etc.), thus increasing the average lifespan. It will first depict the most relevant characteristics, nutraceutical properties and effects on the populations of the Mediterranean, Japanese, Vegetarian and New Nordic Diet. Finally, it will describe the impact of different dietary restrictions in modulating the genetic pathways that regulate metabolism and aging. Overall, this work reinforces the evidence that specific eating habits, in addition to healthy and active lifestyles, are crucial to increase people’s health span and to achieve an optimal longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Caprara
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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Grundmann F, Müller RU, Reppenhorst A, Hülswitt L, Späth MR, Kubacki T, Scherner M, Faust M, Becker I, Wahlers T, Schermer B, Benzing T, Burst V. Preoperative Short-Term Calorie Restriction for Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label, Pilot Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2018. [PMID: 29535139 PMCID: PMC5907569 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication after cardiac surgery and is associated with adverse outcomes. Although short-term calorie restriction (CR) has proven protective in rodent models of acute kidney injury, similar effects have not yet been demonstrated in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS CR_KCH (Effect of a Preoperative Calorie Restriction on Renal Function After Cardiac Surgery) is a randomized controlled trial in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a formula diet containing 60% of the daily energy requirement (CR group) or ad libitum food (control group) for 7 days before surgery. In total, 82 patients were enrolled between April 16, 2012, and February 5, 2015. There was no between-group difference in the primary end point of median serum creatinine increment after 24 hours (control group: 0.0 mg/dL [-0.1 - (+0.2) mg/dL]; CR group: 0.0 mg/dL [-0.2 - (+0.2) mg/dL]; P=0.39). CR prevented a rise in median creatinine at 48 hours (control group: +0.1 mg/dL [0.0 - 0.3 mg/dL]; CR group: -0.1 mg/dL [-0.2 - (+0.1) mg/dL]; P=0.03), with most pronounced effects observed in male patients and patients with a body mass index >25. This benefit persisted until discharge: Median creatinine decreased by 0.1 mg/dL (-0.2 - 0.0 mg/dL) in the CR group, whereas it increased by 0.1 mg/dL (0.0 - 0.3 mg/dL; P=0.0006) in the control group. Incidence of acute kidney injury was reduced by 5.8% (41.7% in the CR group compared with 47.5% in the control group). Safety-related events did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite disappointing results with respect to creatinine rise within the first 24 hours, the benefits observed at later time points and the subgroup analyses suggest the protective potential of short-term CR in patients at risk for acute kidney injury, warranting further investigation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01534364.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Grundmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Reppenhorst
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lennart Hülswitt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin R Späth
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Torsten Kubacki
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Michael Faust
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingrid Becker
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wahlers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Burst
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
Dietary interventions are simple, non-invasive tools that can be utilized to improve health and lifespan. In this issue, Roberts et al. (2017) and Newman et al. (2017) reveal the physiological benefits of feeding mice ketogenic diets and suggest different underlying mechanisms that may promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Brown-Borg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9061, USA.
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