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Rahnama M, Heidari M, Poursalehi Z, Golchin A. Global Trends of Exosomes Application in Clinical Trials: A Scoping Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10791-7. [PMID: 39340738 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, have emerged as a promising tool for the diagnosis and treatment of various intractable diseases, including chronic wounds and cancers. As our understanding of exosomes continues to grow, their potential as a powerful therapeutic modality in medicine is also expanding. This systematic review aims to examine the progress of exosome-based clinical trials and provide a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic perspectives of exosomes. METHODS This systematic review strictly follows PRISMA guidelines and has been registered in PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. It encompasses articles from January 2000 to January 2023, sourced from bibliographic databases, with targeted search terms targeting exosome applications in clinical trials. During the screening process, strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, including a focus on clinical trials utilizing different cell-derived exosomes for therapeutic purposes. RESULTS Among the 522 publications initially identified, only 10 studies met the stringent eligibility criteria after meticulous screening. The selection process involved systematically excluding duplicates and irrelevant articles to provide a transparent overview. CONCLUSION According to our systematic review, exosomes have promising applications in a variety of medical fields, including cell-free therapies and drug delivery systems for treating a variety of diseases, especially cancers and chronic wounds. To ensure safety, potency, and broader clinical applications, further optimization of exosome extraction, loading, targeting, and administration is necessary. While cell-based therapeutics are increasingly utilizing exosomes, this field is still in its infancy, and ongoing clinical trials will provide valuable insights into the clinical utility of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahnama
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Poursalehi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Golchin
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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2
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Jiang X, Yuan Z, Ding T, Yu K, Dong J. SMS2 siRNA inhibits pancreatic tumor growth by tumor microenvironment modulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113111. [PMID: 39255679 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The massive infiltration of suppressor immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major cause of treatment resistance. Reducing this infiltration may represent a potentially effective therapeutic strategy. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) is a crucial enzyme for sphingomyelin synthesis, contributing significantly to the integrity and function of the plasma membrane. In this study, we developed a self-assembling SMS2 siRNA gene expression plasmid for in vivo delivery. The SMS2 siRNA specifically inhibits SMS2 expression while preserving the expression and activity of SMS1. Administration of the self-assembling SMS2 siRNA suppresses tumor growth in a murine model of Panc02 pancreatic carcinoma, modulates the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and reduces the infiltration of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) by regulating the NF-κB/CXCL5 pathway. Consequently, utilizing SMS2 siRNA to improve the local immunosuppressive microenvironment holds promise for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Ziqing Yuan
- Experiment & Teaching Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tingbo Ding
- Experiment & Teaching Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ker Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China.
| | - Jibin Dong
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China.
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3
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Liu X, Wu F, Pan W, Liu G, Zhang H, Yan D, Zheng S, Ma Z, Ren X. Tumor-associated exosomes in cancer progression and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e709. [PMID: 39247621 PMCID: PMC11380050 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular environment. Tumor-associated exosomes (TAEs) are extracellular vesicles that play a significant role in cancer progression by mediating intercellular communication and contributing to various hallmarks of cancer. These vesicles carry a cargo of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules that can be transferred to recipient cells, modifying their behavior and promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune modulation, and drug resistance. Several potential therapeutic targets within the TAEs cargo have been identified, including oncogenic proteins, miRNAs, tumor-associated antigens, immune checkpoint proteins, drug resistance proteins, and tissue factor. In this review, we will systematically summarize the biogenesis, composition, and function of TAEs in cancer progression and highlight potential therapeutic targets. Considering the complexity of exosome-mediated signaling and the pleiotropic effects of exosome cargoes has challenge in developing effective therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of TAEs in cancer and to develop effective therapies that target them. In particular, the development of strategies to block TAEs release, target TAEs cargo, inhibit TAEs uptake, and modulate TAEs content could provide novel approaches to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Fan Wu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Wei Pan
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Dawei Yan
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Saijing Zheng
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
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4
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Parkins EV, Gross C. Small Differences and Big Changes: The Many Variables of MicroRNA Expression and Function in the Brain. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0365242024. [PMID: 39111834 PMCID: PMC11308354 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0365-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are emerging as crucial regulators within the complex, dynamic environment of the synapse, and they offer a promising new avenue for the treatment of neurological disease. These small noncoding RNAs modify gene expression in several ways, including posttranscriptional modulation via binding to complementary and semicomplementary sites on target mRNAs. This rapid, finely tuned regulation of gene expression is essential to meet the dynamic demands of the synapse. Here, we provide a detailed review of the multifaceted world of synaptic microRNA regulation. We discuss the many mechanisms by which microRNAs regulate gene expression at the synapse, particularly in the context of neuronal plasticity. We also describe the various factors, such as age, sex, and neurological disease, that can influence microRNA expression and activity in neurons. In summary, microRNAs play a crucial role in the intricate and quickly changing functional requirements of the synapse, and context is essential in the study of microRNAs and their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Parkins
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Christina Gross
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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5
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Filippini F, Galli T. Unveiling defects of secretion mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107603. [PMID: 39059489 PMCID: PMC11378209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of specific sets of neurons. While extensive research has focused on elucidating the genetic and epigenetic factors and molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders, emerging evidence highlights the critical role of secretion in the pathogenesis, possibly even onset, and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting the occurrence of non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. Secretion is a fundamental process that regulates intercellular communication, supports cellular homeostasis, and orchestrates various physiological functions in the body. Defective secretion can impair the release of neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules, disrupting synaptic transmission and compromising neuronal survival. It can also contribute to the accumulation, misfolding, and aggregation of disease-associated proteins, leading to neurotoxicity and neuronal dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the implications of defective secretion in the context of Parkinson's disease, emphasizing its role in protein aggregation, synaptic dysfunction, extracellular vesicle secretion, and neuroinflammation. We propose a multiple-hit model whereby protein accumulation and secretory defects must be combined for the onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Filippini
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thierry Galli
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Paris, France; Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France.
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Lin H, Zhou J, Ding T, Zhu Y, Wang L, Zhong T, Wang X. Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles from diverse sources in cancer treatment. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:350. [PMID: 38943222 PMCID: PMC11212438 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a prevalent and complex disease, presents a significant challenge to the medical community. It is characterized by irregular cell differentiation, excessive proliferation, uncontrolled growth, invasion of nearby tissues, and spread to distant organs. Its progression involves a complex interplay of several elements and processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as critical intermediaries in intercellular communication, transporting critical molecules such as lipids, RNA, membrane, and cytoplasmic proteins between cells. They significantly contribute to the progression, development, and dissemination of primary tumors by facilitating the exchange of information and transmitting signals that regulate tumor growth and metastasis. However, EVs do not have a singular impact on cancer; instead, they play a multifaceted dual role. Under specific circumstances, they can impede tumor growth and influence cancer by delivering oncogenic factors or triggering an immune response. Furthermore, EVs from different sources demonstrate distinct advantages in inhibiting cancer. This research examines the biological characteristics of EVs and their involvement in cancer development to establish a theoretical foundation for better understanding the connection between EVs and cancer. Here, we discuss the potential of EVs from various sources in cancer therapy, as well as the current status and future prospects of engineered EVs in developing more effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Lin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Solana-Balaguer J, Garcia-Segura P, Campoy-Campos G, Chicote-González A, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, Pérez-Navarro E, Masana M, Alberch J, Malagelada C. Motor skill learning modulates striatal extracellular vesicles' content in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:321. [PMID: 38863004 PMCID: PMC11167907 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurological disorder caused by a CAG expansion in the Huntingtin gene (HTT). HD pathology mostly affects striatal medium-sized spiny neurons and results in an altered cortico-striatal function. Recent studies report that motor skill learning, and cortico-striatal stimulation attenuate the neuropathology in HD, resulting in an amelioration of some motor and cognitive functions. During physical training, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released in many tissues, including the brain, as a potential means for inter-tissue communication. To investigate how motor skill learning, involving acute physical training, modulates EVs crosstalk between cells in the striatum, we trained wild-type (WT) and R6/1 mice, the latter with motor and cognitive deficits, on the accelerating rotarod test, and we isolated their striatal EVs. EVs from R6/1 mice presented alterations in the small exosome population when compared to WT. Proteomic analyses revealed that striatal R6/1 EVs recapitulated signaling and energy deficiencies present in HD. Motor skill learning in R6/1 mice restored the amount of EVs and their protein content in comparison to naïve R6/1 mice. Furthermore, motor skill learning modulated crucial pathways in metabolism and neurodegeneration. All these data provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HD and put striatal EVs in the spotlight to understand the signaling and metabolic alterations in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, our results suggest that motor learning is a crucial modulator of cell-to-cell communication in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Solana-Balaguer
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pol Garcia-Segura
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genís Campoy-Campos
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Chicote-González
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Departamento de Salud, UPNA, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, IdiSNA, Spain
| | - Esther Pérez-Navarro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Masana
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Malagelada
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
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Afridi S, Sharma P, Choudhary F, Rizwan A, Nizam A, Parvez A, Farooqi H. Extracellular Vesicles: A New Approach to Study the Brain's Neural System and Its Diseases. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:521-534. [PMID: 38727784 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
In normal and pathophysiological conditions our cells secrete vesicular bodies known as extracellular particles. Extracellular vesicles are lipid-bound extracellular particles. A majority of these extracellular vesicles are linked to cell-to-cell communication. Brain consists of tightly packed neural cells. Neural cell releases extracellular vesicles in cerebrospinal fluid. Extracellular vesicle mediated crosstalk maintains neural homeostasis in the central nervous system via transferring cargos between neural cells. In neurodegenerative diseases, small extracellular vesicle transfer misfolded proteins to healthy cells in the neural microenvironment. They can also cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) and stimulate peripheral immune response inside central nervous system. In today's world different approaches employ extracellular vesicle in various therapeutics. This review gives a brief knowledge about the biological relevance of extracellular vesicles in the central nervous system and relevant advances in the translational application of EV in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Afridi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Pradakshina Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Furqan Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Amber Rizwan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Anam Nizam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Adil Parvez
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Humaira Farooqi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Yadav K, Vijayalakshmi R, Kumar Sahu K, Sure P, Chahal K, Yadav R, Sucheta, Dubey A, Jha M, Pradhan M. Exosome-Based Macromolecular neurotherapeutic drug delivery approaches in overcoming the Blood-Brain barrier for treating brain disorders. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 199:114298. [PMID: 38642716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Delivering drugs to the brain is a complex challenge in medical research, particularly for disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The blood-brain barrier restricts the entry of many therapeutic molecules, hindering their effectiveness. Nanoparticles, a potential solution, face issues like toxicity and limited approvals. A new avenue explores the use of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), i.e., exosomes, as natural carriers for drug delivery. sEVs, tiny structures below 150 nm, show promise due to their minimal immune response and ability to precisely deliver drugs. This review focuses on the potential of sEVs-based drug delivery systems for treating neurological disorders, brain cancers, and other brain-related issues. Notably, bioengineered sEVs-carrying therapeutic compounds exhibit promise in early studies. The unique features of sEVs, such as their small size and natural properties, position them as candidates to overcome challenges in drug delivery to the brain. Ongoing clinical trials and research into sEVs behavior within the body further highlight their potential for revolutionizing drug delivery and addressing complex brain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- Raipur Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sarona, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - R Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GIET School of Pharmacy, Chaitanya Knowledge City, Rajahmundry, AP, 533296, India
| | - Kantrol Kumar Sahu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Pavani Sure
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kavita Chahal
- Department of Botany, Government Model Science College Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Renu Yadav
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Sucheta
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Akhilesh Dubey
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangaluru-575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Megha Jha
- Department of Life Science, Mansarovar Global University, Sehore, M.P., India
| | - Madhulika Pradhan
- Gracious College of Pharmacy, Abhanpur, Chhattisgarh, 493661, India.
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10
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Javdani-Mallak A, Salahshoori I. Environmental pollutants and exosomes: A new paradigm in environmental health and disease. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171774. [PMID: 38508246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the intricate interplay between environmental pollutants and exosomes, shedding light on a novel paradigm in environmental health and disease. Cellular stress, induced by environmental toxicants or disease, significantly impacts the production and composition of exosomes, crucial mediators of intercellular communication. The heat shock response (HSR) and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, activated during cellular stress, profoundly influence exosome generation, cargo sorting, and function, shaping intercellular communication and stress responses. Environmental pollutants, particularly lipophilic ones, directly interact with exosome lipid bilayers, potentially affecting membrane stability, release, and cellular uptake. The study reveals that exposure to environmental contaminants induces significant changes in exosomal proteins, miRNAs, and lipids, impacting cellular function and health. Understanding the impact of environmental pollutants on exosomal cargo holds promise for biomarkers of exposure, enabling non-invasive sample collection and real-time insights into ongoing cellular responses. This research explores the potential of exosomal biomarkers for early detection of health effects, assessing treatment efficacy, and population-wide screening. Overcoming challenges requires advanced isolation techniques, standardized protocols, and machine learning for data analysis. Integration with omics technologies enhances comprehensive molecular analysis, offering a holistic understanding of the complex regulatory network influenced by environmental pollutants. The study underscores the capability of exosomes in circulation as promising biomarkers for assessing environmental exposure and systemic health effects, contributing to advancements in environmental health research and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Javdani-Mallak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Salahshoori
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Meldolesi J. Specific Extracellular Vesicles, Generated and Operating at Synapses, Contribute to Neuronal Effects and Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5103. [PMID: 38791143 PMCID: PMC11121580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In all cell types, small EVs, very abundant extracellular vesicles, are generated and accumulated within MVB endocytic cisternae. Upon MVB fusion and exocytosis with the plasma membrane, the EVs are released to the extracellular space. In the central nervous system, the release of neuronal EVs was believed to occur only from the surface of the body and dendrites. About 15 years ago, MVB cisternae and EVs were shown to exist and function at synaptic boutons, the terminals' pre- and post-synaptic structures essential for canonical neurotransmitter release. Recent studies have revealed that synaptic EVs are peculiar in many respects and heterogeneous with respect to other neuronal EVs. The distribution of synaptic EVs and the effect of their specific molecules are found at critical sites of their distribution. The role of synaptic EVs could consist of the modulation of canonical neurotransmitter release or a distinct, non-canonical form of neurotransmission. Additional roles of synaptic EVs are still not completely known. In the future, additional investigations will clarify the role of synaptic EVs in pathology, concerning, for example, circuits, trans-synaptic transmission, diagnosis and the therapy of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Meldolesi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20129 Milan, Italy;
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milano-Bicocca University, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
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Fallahi S, Zangbar HS, Farajdokht F, Rahbarghazi R, Mohaddes G, Ghiasi F. Exosomes as a therapeutic tool to promote neurorestoration and cognitive function in neurological conditions: Achieve two ends with a single effort. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14752. [PMID: 38775149 PMCID: PMC11110007 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes possess a significant role in intercellular communications. In the nervous system, various neural cells release exosomes that not only own a role in intercellular communications but also eliminate the waste of cells, maintain the myelin sheath, facilitate neurogenesis, and specifically assist in normal cognitive function. In neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and stroke, exosomal cargo like miRNAs take part in the sequela of conditions and serve as a diagnostic tool of neurological disorders, too. Exosomes are not only a diagnostic tool but also their inhibition or administration from various sources like mesenchymal stem cells and serum, which have shown a worthy potential to treat multiple neurological disorders. In addition to neurodegenerative manifestations, cognitive deficiencies are an integral part of neurological diseases, and applying exosomes in improving both aspects of these diseases has been promising. This review discusses the status of exosome therapy in improving neurorestorative and cognitive function following neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Fallahi
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Hamid Soltani Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Neurosciences Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Neurosciences Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Biomedical EducationCalifornia Health Sciences University, College of Osteopathic MedicineClovisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Fariba Ghiasi
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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Cai H, Pang Y, Ren Z, Fu X, Jia L. Delivering synaptic protein mRNAs via extracellular vesicles ameliorates cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BMC Med 2024; 22:138. [PMID: 38528511 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic dysfunction with reduced synaptic protein levels is a core feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptic proteins play a central role in memory processing, learning, and AD pathogenesis. Evidence suggests that synaptic proteins in plasma neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are reduced in patients with AD. However, it remains unclear whether levels of synaptic proteins in EVs are associated with hippocampal atrophy of AD and whether upregulating the expression of these synaptic proteins has a beneficial effect on AD. METHODS In this study, we included 57 patients with AD and 56 healthy controls. We evaluated their brain atrophy through magnetic resonance imaging using the medial temporal lobe atrophy score. We measured the levels of four synaptic proteins, including synaptosome-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), neurogranin, and synaptotagmin 1 in both plasma neuronal-derived EVs and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We further examined the association of synaptic protein levels with brain atrophy. We also evaluated the levels of these synaptic proteins in the brains of 5×FAD mice. Then, we loaded rabies virus glycoprotein-engineered EVs with messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding GAP43 and SNAP25 and administered these EVs to 5×FAD mice. After treatment, synaptic proteins, dendritic density, and cognitive function were evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that GAP43, SNAP25, neurogranin, and synaptotagmin 1 were decreased in neuronal-derived EVs but increased in CSF in patients with AD, and the changes corresponded to the severity of brain atrophy. GAP43 and SNAP25 were decreased in the brains of 5×FAD mice. The engineered EVs efficiently and stably delivered these synaptic proteins to the brain, where synaptic protein levels were markedly upregulated. Upregulation of synaptic protein expression could ameliorate cognitive impairment in AD by promoting dendritic density. This marks the first successful delivery of synaptic protein mRNAs via EVs in AD mice, yielding remarkable therapeutic effects. CONCLUSIONS Synaptic proteins are closely related to AD processes. Delivery of synaptic protein mRNAs via EVs stands as a promising effective precision treatment strategy for AD, which significantly advances the current understanding of therapeutic approaches for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Cai
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, 100053, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yana Pang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, 100053, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziye Ren
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, 100053, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, 100053, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, 100053, China.
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Chen L, Xiong Y, Chopp M, Zhang Y. Engineered exosomes enriched with select microRNAs amplify their therapeutic efficacy for traumatic brain injury and stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1376601. [PMID: 38566841 PMCID: PMC10985177 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1376601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke stand as prominent causes of global disability and mortality. Treatment strategies for stroke and TBI are shifting from targeting neuroprotection toward cell-based neurorestorative strategy, aiming to augment endogenous brain remodeling, which holds considerable promise for the treatment of TBI and stroke. Compelling evidence underscores that the therapeutic effects of cell-based therapy are mediated by the active generation and release of exosomes from administered cells. Exosomes, endosomal derived and nano-sized extracellular vesicles, play a pivotal role in intercellular communication. Thus, we may independently employ exosomes to treat stroke and TBI. Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived exosomes promotes neuroplasticity and neurological functional recovery in preclinical animal models of TBI and stroke. In this mini review, we describe the properties of exosomes and recent exosome-based therapies of TBI and stroke. It is noteworthy that the microRNA cargo within exosomes contributes to their therapeutic effects. Thus, we provide a brief introduction to microRNAs and insight into their key roles in mediating therapeutic effects. With the increasing knowledge of exosomes, researchers have "engineered" exosome microRNA content to amplify their therapeutic benefits. We therefore focus our discussion on the therapeutic benefits of recently employed microRNA-enriched engineered exosomes. We also discuss the current opportunities and challenges in translating exosome-based therapy to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Yanlu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
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15
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Jiang J, Jiang Y, Song D. The Role of Catecholamines in the Pathogenesis of Diseases and the Modified Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Catecholamines: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38462811 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2324460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Catecholamines (CAs), which include adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine, are neurotransmitters and hormones that critically regulate the cardiovascular system, metabolism, and stress response in the human body. The abnormal levels of these molecules can lead to the development of various diseases, including pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas, Alzheimer's disease, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Due to their low cost, high sensitivity, flexible detection strategies, ease of integration, and miniaturization, electrochemical techniques have been extensively employed in the detection of CAs, surpassing traditional analytical methods. Electrochemical detection of CAs in real samples is challenging due to the tendency of poisoning electrode. Chemically modified electrodes have been widely used to solve the problems of poor sensitivity and selectivity faced by bare electrodes. There are a few articles that provide an overview of electrochemical detection and efficient enrichment of CAs, but there is a dearth of updates on the role of CAs in the pathogenesis of diseases. Additionally, there is still a lack of systematic synthesis with a focus on modified electrodes for electrochemical detection. Thus, this review provides a summary of the recent clinical pathogenesis of CAs and the modified electrodes for electrochemical detection of CAs published between 2017 and 2022. Moreover, challenges and future perspectives are also highlighted. This work is expected to provide useful guidance to researchers entering this interdisciplinary field, promoting further development of CAs pathogenesis, and developing more novel chemically modified electrodes for the detection of CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Elite Engineer School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanxiao Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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16
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Luo Y, Feng Q, Ma D, Wang B, Chi C, Ding CF, Yan Y. Highly sensitive quantitative detection of glycans on exosomes in renal disease serums using fluorescence signal amplification strategies. Talanta 2024; 269:125467. [PMID: 38042140 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal glycoproteins play a significant role in many physiological and pathological processes. However, the detection of exosome surface glycans is currently challenged by the complexity of biological samples or the sensitivity of the methods. Herein, we prepared a novel fluorescent probe of biotin-functionalized nanocrystals (denoted as CdTe@cys-biotin) and applied it for the first time for the detection of the expression of exosomal surface glycans using a fluorescence amplification strategy. First, the dual affinity of TiO2 and CD63 aptamers of Fe3O4@TiO2-CD63 was utilized to rapidly and efficiently capture exosomes within 25 min. In this design, interference from other vesicles and soluble impurities can be avoided due to the dual recognition strategy. The chemical oxidation of NaIO4 oxidized the hydroxyl sites of exosomal surface glycans to aldehydes, which were then labeled with aniline-catalyzed biotin hydrazide. Using the high affinity between streptavidin and biotin, streptavidin-FITC and probes were successively anchored to the glycans on the exosomes. The fluorescent probe achieved the dual function of specific recognition and fluorescent labeling by modifying biotin on the surface of nanocrystals. This method showed excellent specificity and sensitivity for exosomes at concentrations ranging from 3.30 × 102 to 3.30 × 106 particles/mL, with a detection limit of 121.48 particles/mL. The fluorescent probe not only quantified exosomal surface glycans but also distinguished with high accuracy between serum exosomes from normal individuals and patients with kidney disease. In general, this method provides a powerful platform for sensitive detection of exosomes in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Quanshou Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Dumei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Baichun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chaoxian Chi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Yinghua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Kong E, Geng X, Wu F, Yue W, Sun Y, Feng X. Microglial exosome miR-124-3p in hippocampus alleviates cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain in elderly mice. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18090. [PMID: 38140846 PMCID: PMC10844686 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain severely deteriorates the rehabilitation outcomes in elderly patients. The present study focused on the relationship between microglial exosome miR-124-3p in hippocampus and cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain. Cognitive impairment model induced by postoperative pain was constructed by intramedullary nail fixation after tibial fracture. Morphine intraperitoneally was carried out for postoperative analgesia. Morris water maze tests were carried out to evaluate the cognitive impairment, while mRNA levels of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NG) and neurodegenerative biomarker (VILIP-1) in hippocampus were tested by q-PCR. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the axon degeneration in hippocampus. The levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), the levels of anti-inflammatory factors (Ym, Arg-1, IL-10) and microglia proliferation marker cyclin D1 in hippocampus were measured to evaluate microglia polarization. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify key exosomes while BV-2 microglia overexpressing exosome miR-124-3p was constructed to observe microglia polarization in vitro experiments. Exogenous miR-124-3p-loaded exosomes were injected into hippocampus in vivo. Postoperative pain induced by intramedullary fixation after tibial fracture was confirmed by decreased mechanical and thermal pain thresholds. Postoperative pain induced cognitive impairment, promoted axon demyelination, decreased BDNF, NG and increased VILIP-1 expressions in hippocampus. Postoperative pain also increased pro-inflammatory factors, cyclin D1 and decreased anti-inflammatory factors in hippocampus. However, these changes were all reversed by morphine analgesia. Bioinformatics analysis identified the critical role of exosome miR-124-3p in cognitive impairment, which was confirmed to be down-regulated in hippocampus of postoperative pain mice. BV-2 microglia overexpressing exosome miR-124-3p showed decreased pro-inflammatory factors, cyclin D1 and increased anti-inflammatory factors. In vivo, stereotactic injection of exogenous miR-124-3p into hippocampus decreased pro-inflammatory factors, cyclin D1 and increased anti-inflammatory factors. The cognitive impairment, axon demyelination, decreased BDNF, NG and increased VILIP-1 expressions in hippocampus were all alleviated by exogenous exosome miR-124-3p. Microglial exosome miR-124-3p in hippocampus alleviates cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain through microglia polarization in elderly mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erliang Kong
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe 988th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyZhengzhouChina
| | - Xuqiang Geng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng HospitalSecond Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe 988th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xudong Feng
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe 988th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyZhengzhouChina
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18
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Zhao X, Kong X, Cui Z, Zhang Z, Wang M, Liu G, Gao H, Zhang J, Qin W. Communication between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis: Focusing on exosomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 193:106690. [PMID: 38181871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic hepatic disorder on a global scale. Atherosclerosis (AS), a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, stands as the primary contributor to mortality among patients diagnosed with NAFLD. However, the precise etiology by which NAFLD causes AS remains unclear. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, and are considered to participate in complex biological processes by promoting cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ communications. As vesicles containing protein, mRNA, non-coding RNA and other bioactive molecules, exosomes can participate in the development of NAFLD and AS respectively. Recently, studies have shown that NAFLD can also promote the development of AS via secreting exosomes. Herein, we summarized the recent advantages of exosomes in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and AS, and highlighted the role of exosomes in mediating the information exchange between NAFLD and AS. Further, we discussed how exosomes play a prominent role in enabling information exchange among diverse organs, delving into a novel avenue for investigating the link between diseases and their associated complications. The future directions and emerging challenges are also listed regarding the exosome-based therapeutic strategies for AS under NAFLD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Xinxin Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Zhoujun Cui
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Zejin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China; School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China; School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Honggang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China.
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Singh S, Ahuja A, Pathak S. Potential Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:2043-2061. [PMID: 38243956 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073280680240101065732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration causes premature death in the peripheral and central nervous system. Neurodegeneration leads to the accumulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and the generation of free radicals responsible for nervous disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disorders. Therefore, focus must be diverted towards treating and managing these disorders, as it is very challenging. Furthermore, effective therapies are also lacking, so the growing interest of the global market must be inclined towards developing newer therapeutic approaches that can intercept the progression of neurodegeneration. Emerging evidences of research findings suggest that antioxidant therapy has significant potential in modulating disease phenotypes. This makes them promising candidates for further investigation. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species in the pathological mechanisms of various neurodegenerative diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disorders and their neuroprotection. Additionally, it highlights the potential of antioxidant-based therapeutics in mitigating disease severity in humans and improving patient compliance. Ongoing extensive global research further sheds light on exploring new therapeutic targets for a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms in the field of medicine and biology targeting neurogenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura, U.P, 281406, India
| | - Ashima Ahuja
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura, U.P, 281406, India
| | - Shilpi Pathak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura, U.P, 281406, India
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20
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Bodart-Santos V, Pinheiro LS, da Silva-Junior AJ, Froza RL, Ahrens R, Gonçalves RA, Andrade MM, Chen Y, Alcantara CDL, Grinberg LT, Leite REP, Ferreira ST, Fraser PE, De Felice FG. Alzheimer's disease brain-derived extracellular vesicles reveal altered synapse-related proteome and induce cognitive impairment in mice. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5418-5436. [PMID: 37204850 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in the spread of neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their involvement in behavioral outcomes linked to AD remains to be determined. METHODS EVs isolated from post mortem brain tissue from control, AD, or frontotemporal dementia (FTD) donors, as well as from APP/PS1 mice, were injected into the hippocampi of wild-type (WT) or a humanized Tau mouse model (hTau/mTauKO). Memory tests were carried out. Differentially expressed proteins in EVs were assessed by proteomics. RESULTS Both AD-EVs and APP/PS1-EVs trigger memory impairment in WT mice. We further demonstrate that AD-EVs and FTD-EVs carry Tau protein, present altered protein composition associated with synapse regulation and transmission, and trigger memory impairment in hTau/mTauKO mice. DISCUSSION Results demonstrate that AD-EVs and FTD-EVs have negative impacts on memory in mice and suggest that, in addition to spreading pathology, EVs may contribute to memory impairment in AD and FTD. HIGHLIGHTS Aβ was detected in EVs from post mortem AD brain tissue and APP/PS1 mice. Tau was enriched in EVs from post mortem AD, PSP and FTD brain tissue. AD-derived EVs and APP/PS1-EVs induce cognitive impairment in wild-type (WT) mice. AD- and FTD-derived EVs induce cognitive impairment in humanized Tau mice. Proteomics findings associate EVs with synapse dysregulation in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Bodart-Santos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisandra S Pinheiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Almir J da Silva-Junior
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rudimar L Froza
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Ahrens
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rafaella A Gonçalves
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Mayara M Andrade
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yan Chen
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carolina de Lima Alcantara
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology and Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Renata E P Leite
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paul E Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
- D'OR Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Yan Q, Yin Y, Li X, Li M. Exosome-shuttled MYCBPAP from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regulates synaptic remodeling and ameliorates ischemic stroke in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 132:102309. [PMID: 37423468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been demonstrated to improve cardiac function via the secretion of paracrine factors rather than direct differentiation. We, therefore, investigated whether bone marrow-derived MSC (BMSC)-released exosomes (BMSC-exo) enhance neurological recovery in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with ischemic stroke. METHODS Markers of BMSC and BMSC-exo were detected to characterize BMSC and BMSC-exo. A green fluorescent PKH-67-labeled assay was conducted to ensure BMSC-exo internalization. Rat neuronal cells (RNC) were induced with Ang II and oxygen-glucose deprivation. The protective effects of BMSC-exo on RNC were studied by CCK-8, LDH, and immunofluorescence assays. SHR were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes in the modeled rats were measured. The effects of BMSC-exo on SHR were investigated by mNSS scoring, foot-fault tests, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, TTC staining, TUNEL, and HE staining. The hub genes related to SHR and proteins shuttled by BMSC-exo were intersected to obtain a possible candidate, followed by rescue experiments. RESULTS BMSC-exo significantly promoted RNC viability and repressed cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity. Moreover, SHR administrated with BMSC-exo exhibited significant improvement in functional recovery and narrowed infarct size. BMSC-exo shuttled the MYCBPAP protein. Knockdown of MYCBPAP inhibited the protective effects of BMSC-exo on RNC and exacerbated synaptic damage in SHR. CONCLUSIONS MYCBPAP shuttled by BMSC-exo facilitates synaptic remodeling in SHR, which may contribute to a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Yan
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001 Hebei, PR China.
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001 Hebei, PR China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001 Hebei, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001 Hebei, PR China
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22
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Jiang J, Zhang M, Xu Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Yu K, Kan G, Jiang Y. Recent Advances in Catecholamines Analytical Detection Methods and Their Pretreatment Technologies. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37733491 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2258982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines (CAs), including adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine, are neurotransmitters and hormones that play a critical role in regulating the cardiovascular system, metabolism, and stress response in the human body. As promising methods for real-time monitoring of catecholamine neurotransmitters, LC-MS detectors have gained widespread acceptance and shown significant progress over the past few years. Other detection methods such as fluorescence detection, colorimetric assays, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy have also been developed to varying degrees. In addition, efficient pretreatment technology for CAs is flourishing due to the increasing development of many highly selective and recoverable materials. There are a few articles that provide an overview of electrochemical detection and efficient enrichment, but a comprehensive summary focusing on analytical detection technology is lacking. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive summary of recent analytical detection technology research on CAs published between 2017 and 2022. The advantages and limitations of relevant methods including efficient pretreatment technologies for biological matrices and analytical methods used in combination with pretreatment technology have been discussed. Overall, this review article provides a better understanding of the importance of accurate CAs measurement and offers perspectives on the development of novel methods for disease diagnosis and research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhilong Xu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yali Yang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Elite Engineer School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Guangfeng Kan
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Yanxiao Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong, China
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23
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Kim S, Jeon J, Ganbat D, Kim T, Shin K, Hong S, Hong J. Alteration of Neural Network and Hippocampal Slice Activation through Exosomes Derived from 5XFAD Nasal Lavage Fluid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14064. [PMID: 37762366 PMCID: PMC10531257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, key mediators of intercellular transmission of pathogenic proteins, such as amyloid-beta and tau, significantly influence the progression and exacerbation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Present in a variety of biological fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, blood, saliva, and nasal lavage fluid (NLF), exosomes underscore their potential as integral mediators of AD pathology. By serving as vehicles for disease-specific molecules, exosomes could unveil valuable insights into disease identification and progression. This study emphasizes the imperative to investigate the impacts of exosomes on neural networks to enhance our comprehension of intracerebral neuronal communication and its implications for neurological disorders like AD. After harvesting exosomes derived from NLF of 5XFAD mice, we utilized a high-density multielectrode array (HD-MEA) system, the novel technology enabling concurrent recordings from thousands of neurons in primary cortical neuron cultures and organotypic hippocampal slices. The ensuing results revealed a surge in neuronal firing rates and disoriented neural connectivity, reflecting the effects provoked by pathological amyloid-beta oligomer treatment. The local field potentials in the exosome-treated hippocampal brain slices also exhibited aberrant rhythmicity, along with an elevated level of current source density. While this research is an initial exploration, it highlights the potential of exosomes in modulating neural networks under AD conditions and endorses the HD-MEA as an efficacious tool for exosome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangseong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyong Jeon
- Department of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (D.G.)
| | - Dulguun Ganbat
- Department of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (D.G.)
| | - Taewoon Kim
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (T.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kyusoon Shin
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (T.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Sungho Hong
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan;
| | - Jongwook Hong
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (T.K.); (K.S.)
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bionanoengineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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24
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Sigdel S, Swenson S, Wang J. Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13161. [PMID: 37685965 PMCID: PMC10487947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. The likelihood of developing a neurodegenerative disease rises dramatically as life expectancy increases. Although it has drawn significant attention, there is still a lack of proper effective treatments for neurodegenerative disease because the mechanisms of its development and progression are largely unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small bi-lipid layer-enclosed nanosized particles in tissues and biological fluids. EVs are emerging as novel intercellular messengers and regulate a series of biological responses. Increasing evidence suggests that EVs are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of EVs in neurodegenerative diseases and bring up the limitations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinju Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (S.S.); (S.S.)
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25
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Karabulut S, Kaur H, Gauld JW. Applications and Potential of In Silico Approaches for Psychedelic Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:5966. [PMID: 37630218 PMCID: PMC10459288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular-level investigations of the Central Nervous System have been revolutionized by the development of computational methods, computing power, and capacity advances. These techniques have enabled researchers to analyze large amounts of data from various sources, including genomics, in vivo, and in vitro drug tests. In this review, we explore how computational methods and informatics have contributed to our understanding of mental health disorders and the development of novel drugs for neurological diseases, with a special focus on the emerging field of psychedelics. In addition, the use of state-of-the-art computational methods to predict the potential of drug compounds and bioinformatic tools to integrate disparate data sources to create predictive models is also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges associated with these methods, such as the need for large datasets and the diversity of in vitro data, are explored. Overall, this review highlights the immense potential of computational methods and informatics in Central Nervous System research and underscores the need for continued development and refinement of these techniques and more inclusion of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Karabulut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada;
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Pharmala Biotech, 82 Richmond Street E, Toronto, ON M5C 1P1, Canada;
| | - James W. Gauld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada;
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26
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Wang M, Zheng L, Lin R, Ma S, Li J, Yang S. A comprehensive overview of exosome lncRNAs: emerging biomarkers and potential therapeutics in endometriosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1199569. [PMID: 37455911 PMCID: PMC10338222 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1199569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that significantly impacting women's daily lives. In recent years, the incidence of endometriosis has been rising yearly and is now an essential contributor to female infertility. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and shield lncRNA from the outside environment thanks to their vesicle-like structure. The role of exosome-derived lncRNAs in endometriosis is also receiving more study as high-throughput sequencing technology develops. Several lncRNAs with variable expression may be crucial to the emergence and growth of endometriosis. The early diagnosis of endometriosis will be considerably improved by further high specificity and sensitivity Exosome lncRNA screening. Exosomes assist lncRNAs in carrying out their roles, offering a new target for creating endometriosis-specific medications. In order to serve as a reference for clinical research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options of endometriosis, this paper covers the role of exosome lncRNAs in endometriosis and related molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lianwen Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruixin Lin
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuli Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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27
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Avallone M, Pardo J, Mergiya TF, Rájová J, Räsänen A, Davidsson M, Åkerblom M, Quintino L, Kumar D, Bramham CR, Björklund T. Visualizing Arc protein dynamics and localization in the mammalian brain using AAV-mediated in situ gene labeling. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1140785. [PMID: 37415832 PMCID: PMC10321715 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1140785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) protein is essential for synaptic plasticity and memory formation. The Arc gene, which contains remnants of a structural GAG retrotransposon sequence, produces a protein that self-assembles into capsid-like structures harboring Arc mRNA. Arc capsids, released from neurons, have been proposed as a novel intercellular mechanism for mRNA transmission. Nevertheless, evidence for intercellular transport of Arc in the mammalian brain is still lacking. To enable the tracking of Arc molecules from individual neurons in vivo, we devised an adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated approach to tag the N-terminal of the mouse Arc protein with a fluorescent reporter using CRISPR/Cas9 homologous independent targeted integration (HITI). We show that a sequence coding for mCherry can successfully be knocked in at the 5' end of the Arc open reading frame. While nine spCas9 gene editing sites surround the Arc start codon, the accuracy of the editing was highly sequence-dependent, with only a single target resulting in an in-frame reporter integration. When inducing long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus, we observed an increase of Arc protein highly correlated with an increase in fluorescent intensity and the number of mCherry-positive cells. By proximity ligation assay (PLA), we demonstrated that the mCherry-Arc fusion protein retains the Arc function by interacting with the transmembrane protein stargazin in postsynaptic spines. Finally, we recorded mCherry-Arc interaction with presynaptic protein Bassoon in mCherry-negative surrounding neurons at close proximity to mCherry-positive spines of edited neurons. This is the first study to provide support for inter-neuronal in vivo transfer of Arc in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Avallone
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joaquín Pardo
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata “Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner” (INIBIOLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)—Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Tadiwos F. Mergiya
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Research Center for the Brain, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jana Rájová
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Atte Räsänen
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Davidsson
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Åkerblom
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Luis Quintino
- CNS Gene Therapy, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Clive R. Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Research Center for the Brain, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomas Björklund
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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28
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Si Q, Wu L, Pang D, Jiang P. Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e287. [PMID: 37313330 PMCID: PMC10258444 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that are naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They are derived from endosomes and are wrapped in lipid membranes. Exosomes are involved in intracellular metabolism and intercellular communication. They contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from the cell microenvironment and cytoplasm. The contents of exosomes can reflect their cells' origin and allow the observation of tissue changes and cell states under disease conditions. Naturally derived exosomes have specific biomolecules that act as the "fingerprint" of the parent cells, and the contents changed under pathological conditions can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Exosomes have low immunogenicity, are small in size, and can cross the blood-brain barrier. These characteristics make exosomes unique as engineering carriers. They can incorporate therapeutic drugs and achieve targeted drug delivery. Exosomes as carriers for targeted disease therapy are still in their infancy, but exosome engineering provides a new perspective for cell-free disease therapy. This review discussed exosomes and their relationship with the occurrence and treatment of some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders were evaluated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Si
- Department of EndocrinologyTengzhou Central People's HospitalTengzhouChina
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of OncologyTengzhou Central People's HospitalTengzhouChina
| | - Deshui Pang
- Department of EndocrinologyTengzhou Central People's HospitalTengzhouChina
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningChina
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningChina
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29
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Hu K, Le Vo KL, Wang F, Zhang X, Gu C, Fang N, Phan NTN, Ewing AG. Single Exosome Amperometric Measurements Reveal Encapsulation of Chemical Messengers for Intercellular Communication. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11499-11503. [PMID: 37205856 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cells typically communicate by sending and receiving chemical signals. Chemical messengers involved in the exocytosis of neuroendocrine cells or neurons are generally assumed to only originate from the fusing of intracellular large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) or synaptic vesicles with the cellular membrane following stimulation. Accumulated evidence suggests that exosomes─one of the main extracellular vesicles (EVs)─carrying cell-dependent DNA, mRNA, proteins, etc., play an essential role in cellular communication. Due to experimental limitations, it has been difficult to monitor the real-time release of individual exosomes; this restricts a comprehensive understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms and the functions of exosomes. In this work, we introduce amperometry with microelectrodes to capture the dynamic release of single exosomes from a single living cell, distinguish them from other EVs, and differentiate the molecules inside exosomes and those secreted from LDCVs. We show that, similar to many LDCVs and synaptic vesicles, exosomes released by neuroendocrine cells also contain catecholamine transmitters. This finding reveals a different mode of chemical communication via exosome-encapsulated chemical messengers and a potential interconnection between the two release pathways, changing the canonical view of exocytosis of neuroendocrine cells and possibly neurons. This defines a new mechanism for chemical communication at the fundamental level and opens new avenues in the research of the molecular biology of exosomes in the neuroendocrine and central nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kim Long Le Vo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaoyi Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nhu T N Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
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30
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Lyu Y, Guo Y, Okeoma CM, Yan Z, Hu N, Li Z, Zhou S, Zhao X, Li J, Wang X. Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs): Promising diagnostic/therapeutic tools for pediatric high-grade glioma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114630. [PMID: 37094548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a highly malignant brain tumor that mainly occurs in children with extremely low overall survival. Traditional therapeutic strategies, such as surgical resection and chemotherapy, are not feasible mostly due to the special location and highly diffused features. Radiotherapy turns out to be the standard treatment method but with limited benefits of overall survival. A broad search for novel and targeted therapies is in the progress of both preclinical investigations and clinical trials. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic candidate due to their distinct biocompatibility, excellent cargo-loading-delivery capacity, high biological barrier penetration efficiency, and ease of modification. The utilization of EVs in various diseases as biomarker diagnoses or therapeutic agents is revolutionizing modern medical research and practice. In this review, we will briefly talk about the research development of DIPG, and present a detailed description of EVs in medical applications, with a discussion on the application of engineered peptides on EVs. The possibility of applying EVs as a diagnostic tool and drug delivery system in DIPG is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lyu
- Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yupei Guo
- Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chioma M Okeoma
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595-1524, USA
| | - Zhaoyue Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zian Li
- Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shaolong Zhou
- Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Junqi Li
- Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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31
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Afram E, Lauritzen I, Bourgeois A, El Manaa W, Duplan E, Chami M, Valverde A, Charlotte B, Pardossi-Piquard R, Checler F. The η-secretase-derived APP fragment ηCTF is localized in Golgi, endosomes and extracellular vesicles and contributes to Aβ production. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:97. [PMID: 36930302 PMCID: PMC10023608 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is one of the key events contributing to Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology. Canonical cleavages by β- and γ-secretases lead to Aβ production which accumulate in amyloid plaques. Recently, the matrix metalloprotease MT5-MMP, referred to as η-secretase, has been identified as a novel APP cleaving enzyme producing a transmembrane fragment, ηCTF that undergoes subsequent cleavages by α- and β-secretases yielding the Aηα and Aηβ peptides, respectively. The functions and contributions of ηCTF and its related fragments to AD pathology are poorly understood. In this study, we designed a novel immunological probe referred to as ηCTF-NTer antibody that specifically interacts with the N-terminal part of ηCTF targeting ηCTF, Aηα, Aηβ but not C99, C83 and Aβ. We examined the fate and localization of ηCTF fragment in various cell models and in mice. We found that overexpressed ηCTF undergoes degradation in the proteasomal and autophagic pathways and accumulates mainly in the Golgi and in endosomes. Moreover, we observed the presence of ηCTF in small extracellular vesicles purified from neuroblastoma cells or from mouse brains expressing ηCTF. Importantly, the expression of ηCTF in fibroblasts devoid on APP leads to Aβ production demonstrating its contribution to the amyloidogenic pathway. Finally, we observed an ηCTF-like immunoreactivity around amyloid plaques and an age-dependent accumulation of ηCTF in the triple-transgenic mouse AD model. Thus, our study suggests that the ηCTF fragment likely contributes to AD pathology by its exosomal spreading and involvement in Aβ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Afram
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Inger Lauritzen
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Alexandre Bourgeois
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Wejdane El Manaa
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Eric Duplan
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Mounia Chami
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Audrey Valverde
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
- Fonds de Dotation CLINATEC, 17 rue des Martyrs, Bat 43, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Bauer Charlotte
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Raphaëlle Pardossi-Piquard
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France.
| | - Frederic Checler
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France.
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Li X, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Xia X, Zheng JC. Neural stem/progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A novel therapy for neurological diseases and beyond. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e214. [PMID: 36776763 PMCID: PMC9905070 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As bilayer lipid membrane vesicles secreted by neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs), NSC-derived extracellular vesicles (NSC-EVs) have attracted growing attention for their promising potential to serve as novel therapeutic agents in treatment of neurological diseases due to their unique physicochemical characteristics and biological functions. NSC-EVs exhibit advantages such as stable physical and chemical properties, low immunogenicity, and high penetration capacity to cross blood-brain barrier to avoid predicaments of the clinical applications of NSCs that include autoimmune responses, ethical/religious concerns, and the problematic logistics of acquiring fetal tissues. More importantly, NSC-EVs inherit excellent neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential and immunomodulatory capabilities from parent cells, and display outstanding therapeutic effects on mitigating behavioral alterations and pathological phenotypes of patients or animals with neurological diseases. In this review, we first comprehensively summarize the progress in functional research and application of NSC-EVs in different neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, acute neurological diseases, dementia/cognitive dysfunction, and peripheral diseases. Next, we provide our thoughts on current limitations/concerns as well as tremendous potential of NSC-EVs in clinical applications. Last, we discuss future directions of further investigations on NSC-EVs and their probable applications in both basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative TherapyTongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yingbo Zhu
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative TherapyTongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative TherapyYangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative TherapyTongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic MedicineTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji UniversityMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina
| | - Jialin C. Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative TherapyTongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic MedicineTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji UniversityMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina
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Fredj Z, Sawan M. Advanced Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Catecholamines Detection: Challenges and Trends. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:211. [PMID: 36831978 PMCID: PMC9953752 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines, including dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, are considered one of the most crucial subgroups of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS), in which they act at the brain's highest levels of mental function and play key roles in neurological disorders. Accordingly, the analysis of such catecholamines in biological samples has shown a great interest in clinical and pharmaceutical importance toward the early diagnosis of neurological diseases such as Epilepsy, Parkinson, and Alzheimer diseases. As promising routes for the real-time monitoring of catecholamine neurotransmitters, optical and electrochemical biosensors have been widely adopted and perceived as a dramatically accelerating development in the last decade. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the recent advances and main challenges in catecholamines biosensors. Particular emphasis is given to electrochemical biosensors, reviewing their sensing mechanism and the unique characteristics brought by the emergence of nanotechnology. Based on specific biosensors' performance metrics, multiple perspectives on the therapeutic use of nanomaterial for catecholamines analysis and future development trends are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
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Jacopo M. Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:2. [PMID: 36622461 PMCID: PMC9827022 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) is the new secretion process discovered in liquid form over three decades ago. More recently, UPS has been shown to operate also in solid forms generated from four types of organelles: fractions of lysosomes and autophagy (APh) undergoing exocytosis; exosomes and ectosomes, with their extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently many mechanisms and proteins of these solid forms have been shown to depend on UPS. An additional function of UPS is the regulation of diseases, often investigated separately from each other. In the present review, upon short presentation of UPS in healthy cells and organs, interest is focused on the mechanisms and development of diseases. The first reported are neurodegenerations, characterized by distinct properties. Additional diseases, including inflammasomes, inflammatory responses, glial effects and other diseases of various origin, are governed by proteins generated, directly or alternatively, by UPS. The diseases most intensely affected by UPS are various types of cancer, activated in most important processes: growth, proliferation and invasion, relapse, metastatic colonization, vascular leakiness, immunomodulation, chemoresistence. The therapy role of UPS diseases depends largely on exosomes. In addition to affecting neurodegenerative diseases, its special aim is the increased protection against cancer. Its immense relevance is due to intrinsic features, including low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, stability, and crossing of biological barriers. Exosomes, loaded with factors for pharmacological actions and target cell sensitivity, induce protection against various specific cancers. Further expansion of disease therapies is expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meldolesi Jacopo
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884San Raffaele Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy ,CNR Institute of Neuroscience at the Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
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35
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Tan M, Ge Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu Y, He F, Teng H. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231171463. [PMID: 37122245 PMCID: PMC10134167 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231171463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained significant attention due to their tremendous potential for clinical applications. EVs play a crucial role in various aspects, including tumorigenesis, drug resistance, immune escape, and reconstruction of the tumor microenvironment. Despite the growing interest in EVs, many questions still need to be addressed before they can be practically applied in clinical settings. This paper aims to review EVs' isolation methods, structure research, the roles of EVs in tumorigenesis and their mechanisms in multiple types of tumors, their potential application in drug delivery, and the expectations for their future in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdian Tan
- School of Medicine, Asian Liver Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yizhi Ge
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital) and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Medicine, Asian Liver Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Feng He
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hongqi Teng
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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36
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Wang Y, Xia X. Editorial: The role of exosomes in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1109885. [PMID: 36619674 PMCID: PMC9817099 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Translational Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Yi Wang ✉
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Translational Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaohuan Xia ✉
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37
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Xia X, Wang Y, Zheng JC. Extracellular vesicles, from the pathogenesis to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:53. [PMID: 36510311 PMCID: PMC9743667 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small bilipid layer-enclosed vesicles that can be secreted by all tested types of brain cells. Being a key intercellular communicator, EVs have emerged as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease through delivery of bioactive cargos within the central nervous system (CNS). Importantly, CNS cell-derived EVs can be purified via immunoprecipitation, and EV cargos with altered levels have been identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of NDs. Given the essential impact of EVs on the pathogenesis of NDs, pathological EVs have been considered as therapeutic targets and EVs with therapeutic effects have been utilized as potential therapeutic agents or drug delivery platforms for the treatment of NDs. In this review, we focus on recent research progress on the pathological roles of EVs released from CNS cells in the pathogenesis of NDs, summarize findings that identify CNS-derived EV cargos as potential biomarkers to diagnose NDs, and comprehensively discuss promising potential of EVs as therapeutic targets, agents, and drug delivery systems in treating NDs, together with current concerns and challenges for basic research and clinical applications of EVs regarding NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China ,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, 200331 Shanghai, China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065 Shanghai, China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200434 Shanghai, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, 200331 Shanghai, China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201613 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin C. Zheng
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China ,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, 200331 Shanghai, China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065 Shanghai, China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200434 Shanghai, China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065 China
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38
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Chauhan S, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Gupta S, Albratty M, Najmi A, Meraya AM, Alhazmi HA. Understanding the Intricate Role of Exosomes in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1758-1773. [PMID: 36564606 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease causes loss of memory and deterioration of mental abilities is utmost predominant neurodegenerative disease accounting 70-80% cases of dementia. The appearance of plaques of amyloid-β and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain post-mortems of Alzheimer's patients established them as key participants in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Exosomes exist as extracellular vesicles of nano-size which are present throughout the body. Exosomes are known to spread toxic hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid-β between the cells and are linked to the loss of neurons by inducing apoptosis. Exosomes have progressed from cell trashcans to multifunctional organelles which are involved in various functions like internalisation and transmission of macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This review covers current findings on relationship of exosomes in biogenesis and angiogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and functions of exosomes in the etiology of AD. Furthermore, the roles of exosomes in development, diagnosis, treatment, and its importance as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Chauhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Uttarakhand, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, Gurusar, 141104, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Haryana, Mullana-Ambala, 133207, India.
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Haryana, Mullana-Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Haryana, Mullana-Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jazan Uniersity, Jazan, 45124, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jzan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jzan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Matsuzaka Y, Yashiro R. Regulation of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Immune Responses against Antigen-Specific Presentation. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1691. [PMID: 36298556 PMCID: PMC9607341 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by various immune cells, including B and T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and mast cells, mediate intercellular communication and have attracted much attention owing to the novel delivery system of molecules in vivo. DCs are among the most active exosome-secreting cells of the immune system. EVs produced by cancer cells contain cancer antigens; therefore, the development of vaccine therapy that does not require the identification of cancer antigens using cancer-cell-derived EVs may have significant clinical implications. In this review, we summarise the molecular mechanisms underlying EV-based immune responses and their therapeutic effects on tumour vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8551, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi 181-8611, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Guo X, Sui R, Piao H. Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles: potential roles and mechanism in glioma. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:383. [PMID: 35999601 PMCID: PMC9400220 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) are extracellular vesicles containing DNA, RNA, and proteins and are involved in intercellular communication and function, playing an essential role in the growth and metastasis of tumors. SEVs are present in various body fluids and can be isolated and extracted from blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. Under both physiological and pathological conditions, SEVs can be released by some cells, such as immune, stem, and tumor cells, in a cytosolic manner. SEVs secreted by tumor cells are called tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) because of their origin in the corresponding parent cells. Glioma is the most common intracranial tumor, accounting for approximately half of the primary intracranial tumors, and is characterized by insidious onset, high morbidity, and high mortality rate. Complete removal of tumor tissues by surgery is difficult. Chemotherapy can improve the survival quality of patients to a certain extent; however, gliomas are prone to chemoresistance, which seriously affects the prognosis of patients. In recent years, TEXs have played a vital role in the occurrence, development, associated immune response, chemotherapy resistance, radiation therapy resistance, and metastasis of glioma. This article reviews the role of TEXs in glioma progression, drug resistance, and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Sui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China.
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41
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Liu J, Feng X, Wang Y, Xia X, Zheng JC. Astrocytes: GABAceptive and GABAergic Cells in the Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:892497. [PMID: 35755777 PMCID: PMC9231434 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.892497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, the most numerous glial cells in the brain, play an important role in preserving normal neural functions and mediating the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Recent studies have shown that astrocytes are GABAceptive and GABAergic astrocytes express GABAA receptors, GABAB receptors, and GABA transporter proteins to capture and internalize GABA. GABAceptive astrocytes thus influence both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission by controlling the levels of extracellular GABA. Furthermore, astrocytes synthesize and release GABA to directly regulate brain functions. In this review, we highlight recent research progresses that support astrocytes as GABAceptive and GABAergic cells. We also summarize the roles of GABAceptive and GABAergic astrocytes that serve as an inhibitory node in the intercellular communication in the brain. Besides, we discuss future directions for further expanding our knowledge on the GABAceptive and GABAergic astrocyte signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanran Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Translational Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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42
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Teleanu RI, Niculescu AG, Roza E, Vladâcenco O, Grumezescu AM, Teleanu DM. Neurotransmitters-Key Factors in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5954. [PMID: 35682631 PMCID: PMC9180936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are molecules that amplify, transmit, and convert signals in cells, having an essential role in information transmission throughout the nervous system. Hundreds of such chemicals have been discovered in the last century, continuing to be identified and studied concerning their action on brain health. These substances have been observed to influence numerous functions, including emotions, thoughts, memories, learning, and movements. Thus, disturbances in neurotransmitters' homeostasis started being correlated with a plethora of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In this respect, the present paper aims to describe the most important neurotransmitters, broadly classified into canonical (e.g., amino acids, monoamines, acetylcholine, purines, soluble gases, neuropeptides) and noncanonical neurotransmitters (e.g., exosomes, steroids, D-aspartic acid), and explain their link with some of the most relevant neurological conditions. Moreover, a brief overview of the recently developed neurotransmitters' detection methods is offered, followed by several considerations on the modulation of these substances towards restoring homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ioana Teleanu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, “Dr. Victor Gomoiu” Children’s Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.T.); (E.R.); (O.V.)
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Eugenia Roza
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, “Dr. Victor Gomoiu” Children’s Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.T.); (E.R.); (O.V.)
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Oana Vladâcenco
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, “Dr. Victor Gomoiu” Children’s Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.T.); (E.R.); (O.V.)
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Kang S, Zhu L, Wang W, Lu Y, You Z, Zhang C, Xu Y, Yang C, Song Y. Amplified visualization and function exploration of exosomal protein-specific glycosylation using hybridization chain reaction from non-functional epitope. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Taghvimi S, Vakili O, Soltani Fard E, Khatami SH, Karami N, Taheri‐Anganeh M, Salehi M, Negahdari B, Ghasemi H, Movahedpour A. Exosomal microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs: Novel mediators of drug resistance in lung cancer. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2095-2106. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Taghvimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Elahe Soltani Fard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Karami
- Epilepsy Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri‐Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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