1
|
Tubau-Juni N, Hontecillas R, Leber AJ, Alva SS, Bassaganya-Riera J. Treating Autoimmune Diseases With LANCL2 Therapeutics: A Novel Immunoregulatory Mechanism for Patients With Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:671-680. [PMID: 37934790 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2) therapeutics have gained increasing recognition as a novel treatment modality for a wide range of autoimmune diseases. Genetic ablation of LANCL2 in mice results in severe inflammatory phenotypes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and lupus. Pharmacological activation of LANCL2 provides therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of intestinal inflammation, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis. Mechanistically, LANCL2 activation enhances regulatory CD4 + T cell (Treg) responses and downregulates effector responses in the gut. The stability and suppressive capacities of Treg cells are enhanced by LANCL2 activation through engagement of immunoregulatory mechanisms that favor mitochondrial metabolism and amplify IL-2/CD25 signaling. Omilancor, the most advanced LANCL2 immunoregulatory therapeutic in late-stage clinical development, is a phase 3 ready, first-in-class, gut-restricted, oral, once-daily, small-molecule therapeutic in clinical development for the treatment of UC and CD. In this review, we discuss this novel mechanism of mucosal immunoregulation and how LANCL2-targeting therapeutics could help address the unmet clinical needs of patients with autoimmune diseases, starting with IBD.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin SC, Chandra E, Tsao PN, Liao WC, Chen WJ, Yen TA, Hsu JYJ, Jeng SF. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Infant Movement Classification: A Reliability and Validity Study in Infants Who Were Full-Term and Preterm. Phys Ther 2024; 104:pzad176. [PMID: 38245806 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preterm infants are at high risk of neuromotor disorders. Recent advances in digital technology and machine learning algorithms have enabled the tracking and recognition of anatomical key points of the human body. It remains unclear whether the proposed pose estimation model and the skeleton-based action recognition model for adult movement classification are applicable and accurate for infant motor assessment. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI) model framework for movement recognition in full-term and preterm infants. METHODS This observational study prospectively assessed 30 full-term infants and 54 preterm infants using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (58 movements) from 4 to 18 months of age with their movements recorded by 5 video cameras simultaneously in a standardized clinical setup. The movement videos were annotated for the start/end times and presence of movements by 3 pediatric physical therapists. The annotated videos were used for the development and testing of an AI algorithm that consisted of a 17-point human pose estimation model and a skeleton-based action recognition model. RESULTS The infants contributed 153 sessions of Alberta Infant Motor Scale assessment that yielded 13,139 videos of movements for data processing. The intra and interrater reliabilities for movement annotation of videos by the therapists showed high agreements (88%-100%). Thirty-one of the 58 movements were selected for machine learning because of sufficient data samples and developmental significance. Using the annotated results as the standards, the AI algorithm showed satisfactory agreement in classifying the 31 movements (accuracy = 0.91, recall = 0.91, precision = 0.91, and F1 score = 0.91). CONCLUSION The AI algorithm was accurate in classifying 31 movements in full-term and preterm infants from 4 to 18 months of age in a standardized clinical setup. IMPACT The findings provide the basis for future refinement and validation of the algorithm on home videos to be a remote infant movement assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiang-Chin Lin
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Erick Chandra
- Department of Computer Science, National Taiwan University College of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po Nien Tsao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ting-An Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jane Yung-Jen Hsu
- Department of Computer Science, National Taiwan University College of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Fang Jeng
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Physical Therapy Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tubau-Juni N, Bassaganya-Riera J, Leber AJ, Alva SS, Hontecillas R. Oral Omilancor Treatment Ameliorates Clostridioides difficile Infection During IBD Through Novel Immunoregulatory Mechanisms Mediated by LANCL2 Activation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:103-113. [PMID: 37436905 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an opportunistic infection of the gastrointestinal tract, commonly associated with antibiotic administration, that afflicts almost 500 000 people yearly only in the United States. CDI incidence and recurrence is increased in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Omilancor is an oral, once daily, first-in-class, gut-restricted, immunoregulatory therapeutic in clinical development for the treatment of IBD. METHODS Acute and recurrent murine models of CDI and the dextran sulfate sodium-induced concomitant model of IBD and CDI were utilized to determine the therapeutic efficacy of oral omilancor. To evaluate the protective effects against C. difficile toxins, in vitro studies with T84 cells were also conducted. 16S sequencing was employed to characterize microbiome composition. RESULTS Activation of the LANCL2 pathway by oral omilancor and its downstream host immunoregulatory changes decreased disease severity and inflammation in the acute and recurrence models of CDI and the concomitant model of IBD/CDI. Immunologically, omilancor treatment increased mucosal regulatory T cell and decreased pathogenic T helper 17 cell responses. These immunological changes resulted in increased abundance and diversity of tolerogenic gut commensal bacterial strains in omilancor-treated mice. Oral omilancor also resulted in accelerated C. difficile clearance in an antimicrobial-free manner. Furthermore, omilancor provided protection from toxin damage, while preventing the metabolic burst observed in intoxicated epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These data support the development of omilancor as a novel host-targeted, antimicrobial-free immunoregulatory therapeutic for the treatment of IBD patients with C. difficile-associated disease and pathology with the potential to address the unmet clinical needs of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients with concomitant CDI.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abbasi BA, Dharan A, Mishra A, Saraf D, Ahamad I, Suravajhala P, Valadi J. In Silico Characterization of Uncharacterized Proteins From Multiple Strains of Clostridium Difficile. Front Genet 2022; 13:878012. [PMID: 36035185 PMCID: PMC9403866 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.878012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a multi-strain, spore-forming, Gram-positive, opportunistic enteropathogen bacteria, majorly associated with nosocomial infections, resulting in severe diarrhoea and colon inflammation. Several antibiotics including penicillin, tetracycline, and clindamycin have been employed to control C. difficile infection, but studies have suggested that injudicious use of antibiotics has led to the development of resistance in C. difficile strains. However, many proteins from its genome are still considered uncharacterized proteins that might serve crucial functions and assist in the biological understanding of the organism. In this study, we aimed to annotate and characterise the 6 C. difficile strains using in silico approaches. We first analysed the complete genome of 6 C. difficile strains using standardised approaches and analysed hypothetical proteins (HPs) employing various bioinformatics approaches coalescing, including identifying contigs, coding sequences, phage sequences, CRISPR-Cas9 systems, antimicrobial resistance determination, membrane helices, instability index, secretory nature, conserved domain, and vaccine target properties like comparative homology analysis, allergenicity, antigenicity determination along with structure prediction and binding-site analysis. This study provides crucial supporting information about the functional characterization of the HPs involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Moreover, this information also aims to assist in mechanisms associated with bacterial pathogenesis and further design candidate inhibitors and bona fide pharmaceutical targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Bioclues.org, Hyderabad, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, India
- *Correspondence: Prashanth Suravajhala, ; Jayaraman Valadi,
| | - Jayaraman Valadi
- Bioclues.org, Hyderabad, India
- School of Computational and Data Sciences, Vidyashilp University, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Computer Science, FLAME University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Prashanth Suravajhala, ; Jayaraman Valadi,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A Computational Model of Bacterial Population Dynamics in Gastrointestinal Yersinia enterocolitica Infections in Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020297. [PMID: 35205164 PMCID: PMC8869254 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Computational modeling of bacterial infection is an attractive way to simulate infection scenarios. In the long-term, such models could be used to identify factors that make individuals more susceptible to infection, or how interference with bacterial growth influences the course of bacterial infection. This study used different mouse infection models (immunocompetent, lacking a microbiota, and immunodeficient models) to develop a basic mathematical model of a Yersinia enterocolitica gastrointestinal infection. We showed that our model can reflect our findings derived from mouse infections, and we demonstrated how crucial the exact knowledge about parameters influencing the population dynamics is. Still, we think that computational models will be of great value in the future; however, to foster the development of more complex models, we propose the broad implementation of the interdisciplinary training of mathematicians and biologists. Abstract The complex interplay of a pathogen with its virulence and fitness factors, the host’s immune response, and the endogenous microbiome determine the course and outcome of gastrointestinal infection. The expansion of a pathogen within the gastrointestinal tract implies an increased risk of developing severe systemic infections, especially in dysbiotic or immunocompromised individuals. We developed a mechanistic computational model that calculates and simulates such scenarios, based on an ordinary differential equation system, to explain the bacterial population dynamics during gastrointestinal infection. For implementing the model and estimating its parameters, oral mouse infection experiments with the enteropathogen, Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye), were carried out. Our model accounts for specific pathogen characteristics and is intended to reflect scenarios where colonization resistance, mediated by the endogenous microbiome, is lacking, or where the immune response is partially impaired. Fitting our data from experimental mouse infections, we can justify our model setup and deduce cues for further model improvement. The model is freely available, in SBML format, from the BioModels Database under the accession number MODEL2002070001.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar P, Sinha R, Shukla P. Artificial intelligence and synthetic biology approaches for human gut microbiome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2103-2121. [PMID: 33249867 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1850415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome comprises a variety of microorganisms whose genes encode proteins to carry out crucial metabolic functions that are responsible for the majority of health-related issues in human beings. The advent of the technological revolution in artificial intelligence (AI) assisted synthetic biology (SB) approaches will play a vital role in the modulating the therapeutic and nutritive potential of probiotics. This can turn human gut as a reservoir of beneficial bacterial colonies having an immense role in immunity, digestion, brain function, and other health benefits. Hence, in the present review, we have discussed the role of several gene editing tools and approaches in synthetic biology that have equipped us with novel tools like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR-Cas) systems to precisely engineer probiotics for diagnostic, therapeutic and nutritive value. A brief discussion over the AI techniques to understand the metagenomic data from the healthy and diseased gut microbiome is also presented. Further, the role of AI in potentially impacting the pace of developments in SB and its current challenges is also discussed. The review also describes the health benefits conferred by engineered microbes through the production of biochemicals, nutraceuticals, drugs or biotherapeutics molecules etc. Finally, the review concludes with the challenges and regulatory concerns in adopting synthetic biology engineered microbes for clinical applications. Thus, the review presents a synergistic approach of AI and SB toward human gut microbiome for better health which will provide interesting clues to researchers working in the area of rapidly evolving food and nutrition science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasoon Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.,Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding X, Chang VHS, Li Y, Li X, Xu H, Ho C, Ho D, Yen Y. Harnessing an Artificial Intelligence Platform to Dynamically Individualize Combination Therapy for Treating Colorectal Carcinoma in a Rat Model. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianting Ding
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes of Biomedical Engineering School Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Vincent H. S. Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan
| | - Yulong Li
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes of Biomedical Engineering School Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes of Biomedical Engineering School Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Hongquan Xu
- Department of Statistics University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Chih‐Ming Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Dean Ho
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1) National University of Singapore Singapore 117456
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NUS Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117600
| | - Yun Yen
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan
- Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology California 91125 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shen Y, Liu T, Chen J, Li X, Liu L, Shen J, Wang J, Zhang R, Sun M, Wang Z, Song W, Qi T, Tang Y, Meng X, Zhang L, Ho D, Ho C, Ding X, Lu H. Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Optimize Long‐Term Maintenance Dosing for Antiretroviral‐Naive Adults with HIV‐1 Infection. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhong Shen
- Department of Infection and ImmunityShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Tingyi Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringInstitute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS)University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infection and ImmunityShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute for Personalized MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infection and ImmunityShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Jiayin Shen
- Department of Infection and ImmunityShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- Department of Infection and ImmunityShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Department of Infection and ImmunityShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Department of Infection and ImmunityShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- Department of Infection and ImmunityShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Infection and ImmunityShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Tangkai Qi
- Department of Infection and ImmunityShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Infection and ImmunityShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of PharmacyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Scientific ResearchShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| | - Dean Ho
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1)National University of Singapore Singapore 117456
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NUS EngineeringNational University of Singapore Singapore 117583
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 117600
| | - Chih‐Ming Ho
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering DepartmentBioengineering DepartmentUniversity of California California LA 90095 USA
| | - Xianting Ding
- Institute for Personalized MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Hong‐Zhou Lu
- Department of Infection and ImmunityShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan University Shanghai 201508 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deep learning in drug discovery: opportunities, challenges and future prospects. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2017-2032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
10
|
Artificial Intelligence Transforms the Future of Health Care. Am J Med 2019; 132:795-801. [PMID: 30710543 PMCID: PMC6669105 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Life sciences researchers using artificial intelligence (AI) are under pressure to innovate faster than ever. Large, multilevel, and integrated data sets offer the promise of unlocking novel insights and accelerating breakthroughs. Although more data are available than ever, only a fraction is being curated, integrated, understood, and analyzed. AI focuses on how computers learn from data and mimic human thought processes. AI increases learning capacity and provides decision support system at scales that are transforming the future of health care. This article is a review of applications for machine learning in health care with a focus on clinical, translational, and public health applications with an overview of the important role of privacy, data sharing, and genetic information.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kee T, Weiyan C, Blasiak A, Wang P, Chong JK, Chen J, Yeo BTT, Ho D, Asplund CL. Harnessing CURATE.AI as a Digital Therapeutics Platform by Identifying N‐of‐1 Learning Trajectory Profiles. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Kee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of Singapore Singapore 117583
| | - Chee Weiyan
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1)National University of Singapore Singapore 117456
| | - Agata Blasiak
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of Singapore Singapore 117583
| | - Peter Wang
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1)National University of Singapore Singapore 117456
| | - Jordan K. Chong
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of Singapore Singapore 117583
| | - Jonna Chen
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1)National University of Singapore Singapore 117456
| | - B. T. Thomas Yeo
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1)National University of Singapore Singapore 117456
- Clinical Imaging Research CentreYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 117599
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroscienceDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolNational University of Singapore Singapore 169857
- Institute for Application of Learning Science and Educational TechnologyNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School 149 13th St Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| | - Dean Ho
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1)National University of Singapore Singapore 117456
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of Singapore Singapore 117583
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineBioengineering Institute for Global Health Research and TechnologyNational University of Singapore Singapore 117600
| | - Christopher L. Asplund
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1)National University of Singapore Singapore 117456
- Clinical Imaging Research CentreYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 117599
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroscienceDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolNational University of Singapore Singapore 169857
- Institute for Application of Learning Science and Educational TechnologyNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077
- Division of Social SciencesYale‐NUS CollegeNational University of Singapore Singapore 138533
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The field of nanomedicine has made substantial strides in the areas of therapeutic and diagnostic development. For example, nanoparticle-modified drug compounds and imaging agents have resulted in markedly enhanced treatment outcomes and contrast efficiency. In recent years, investigational nanomedicine platforms have also been taken into the clinic, with regulatory approval for Abraxane® and other products being awarded. As the nanomedicine field has continued to evolve, multifunctional approaches have been explored to simultaneously integrate therapeutic and diagnostic agents onto a single particle, or deliver multiple nanomedicine-functionalized therapies in unison. Similar to the objectives of conventional combination therapy, these strategies may further improve treatment outcomes through targeted, multi-agent delivery that preserves drug synergy. Also, similar to conventional/unmodified combination therapy, nanomedicine-based drug delivery is often explored at fixed doses. A persistent challenge in all forms of drug administration is that drug synergy is time-dependent, dose-dependent and patient-specific at any given point of treatment. To overcome this challenge, the evolution towards nanomedicine-mediated co-delivery of multiple therapies has made the potential of interfacing artificial intelligence (AI) with nanomedicine to sustain optimization in combinatorial nanotherapy a reality. Specifically, optimizing drug and dose parameters in combinatorial nanomedicine administration is a specific area where AI can actionably realize the full potential of nanomedicine. To this end, this review will examine the role that AI can have in substantially improving nanomedicine-based treatment outcomes, particularly in the context of combination nanotherapy for both N-of-1 and population-optimized treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NUS Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leber A, Hontecillas R, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Ehrich M, Davis J, Chauhan J, Bassaganya-Riera J. Nonclinical Toxicology and Toxicokinetic Profile of an Oral Lanthionine Synthetase C-Like 2 (LANCL2) Agonist, BT-11. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:96-109. [PMID: 30791754 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819827509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BT-11 is an orally active, gut-restricted investigational therapeutic targeting the lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 pathway with lead indications in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD), 2 manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In 5 mouse models of IBD, BT-11 is effective at oral doses of 8 mg/kg. BT-11 was also efficacious at nanomolar concentrations in primary human samples from patients with UC and CD. BT-11 was tested under Good Laboratory Practice conditions in 90-day repeat-dose general toxicity studies in rats and dogs, toxicokinetics, respiratory, cardiovascular and central nervous system safety pharmacology, and genotoxicity studies. Oral BT-11 did not cause any clinical signs of toxicity, biochemical or hematological changes, or macroscopic or microscopic changes to organs in 90-day repeat-dose toxicity studies in rats and dogs at doses up to 1,000 mg/kg/d. Oral BT-11 resulted in low systemic exposure in both rats (area under the curve exposure from t = 0 to t = 8 hours [AUC0-8] of 216 h × ng/mL) and dogs (650 h × ng/mL) and rapid clearance with an average half-life of 3 hours. BT-11 did not induce changes in respiratory function, electrocardiogram parameters, or behavior with single oral doses of 1,000 mg/kg/d. There was no evidence of mutagenic or genotoxic potential for BT-11 up to tested limit doses using an Ames test, chromosomal aberration assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, or micronucleus assay in rats. Therefore, nonclinical studies show BT-11 to be a safe and well-tolerated oral therapeutic with potential as a potent immunometabolic therapy for UC and CD with no-observed adverse effect level >1,000 mg/kg in in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marion Ehrich
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arredondo-Hernandez R, Orduña-Estrada P, Lopez-Vidal Y, Ponce de Leon-Rosales S. Clostridium Difficile Infection: An Immunological Conundrum. Arch Med Res 2019; 49:359-364. [PMID: 30617004 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lack of comprehensive understanding of the way immunity backfires on incidence and complications has made Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), the infectious disease of our times, as evidenced by in the parallel course it follows along epidemic of chronic degenerative diseases. Within these ailments, if as suspected the main effect of Clostridium difficile A and B toxins depends on inflammation, then aberrant immune function due to antibiotics would explain IBD triggering after treatment but also, the higher incidence and mortality surrounding disorders that are inflammatory and/or that show abatement of neutrophils. This review will discuss severity of the disease in terms of challenges to immunity during the progression of acute illness. We will identify the common signals in the communication between microbiota and inflammatory cells, as well as the sequestration of the regulatory network by Clostridium difficile, which leads to tissue damage and prevents its elimination from intestinal lumen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Arredondo-Hernandez
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Orduña-Estrada
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yolanda Lopez-Vidal
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Verma M, Hontecillas R, Tubau-Juni N, Abedi V, Bassaganya-Riera J. Challenges in Personalized Nutrition and Health. Front Nutr 2018; 5:117. [PMID: 30555829 PMCID: PMC6281760 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Verma
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Nuria Tubau-Juni
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Vida Abedi
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pantuck AJ, Lee DK, Kee T, Wang P, Lakhotia S, Silverman MH, Mathis C, Drakaki A, Belldegrun AS, Ho CM, Ho D. Modulating BET Bromodomain Inhibitor ZEN-3694 and Enzalutamide Combination Dosing in a Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patient Using CURATE.AI, an Artificial Intelligence Platform. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan J. Pantuck
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center; Department of Urology; David Geffen School of Medicine; Institute of Urologic Oncology; University of California; 757 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California; 10833 Le Conte Ave Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; 410 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Theodore Kee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117583 Singapore
- Department of Bioengineering; Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; 410 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Peter Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; 5531 Boelter Hall Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Sanjay Lakhotia
- Zenith Epigenetics; Suite 4010, 44 Montgomery Street San Francisco CA 94104 USA
- Zenith Epigenetics; 300, 4820 Richard Road SW Calgary AB T3E 6L1 Canada
| | - Michael H. Silverman
- Zenith Epigenetics; Suite 4010, 44 Montgomery Street San Francisco CA 94104 USA
- Zenith Epigenetics; 300, 4820 Richard Road SW Calgary AB T3E 6L1 Canada
| | - Colleen Mathis
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center; Department of Urology; David Geffen School of Medicine; Institute of Urologic Oncology; University of California; 757 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center; Department of Urology; David Geffen School of Medicine; Institute of Urologic Oncology; University of California; 757 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine; Division of Hematology & Oncology; David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California; 10833 Le Conte Ave. 11-934 Factor Bldg. Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Arie S. Belldegrun
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center; Department of Urology; David Geffen School of Medicine; Institute of Urologic Oncology; University of California; 757 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Chih-Ming Ho
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California; 10833 Le Conte Ave Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of Bioengineering; Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; 410 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; 420 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Dean Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117583 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Espinoza JL. Machine learning for tackling microbiota data and infection complications in immunocompromised patients with cancer. J Intern Med 2018; 284:189-192. [PMID: 29560613 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Luis Espinoza
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shafique S, Tehsin S. Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6125289. [PMID: 29681996 PMCID: PMC5851334 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6125289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leukaemia is a form of blood cancer which affects the white blood cells and damages the bone marrow. Usually complete blood count (CBC) and bone marrow aspiration are used to diagnose the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. It can be a fatal disease if not diagnosed at the earlier stage. In practice, manual microscopic evaluation of stained sample slide is used for diagnosis of leukaemia. But manual diagnostic methods are time-consuming, less accurate, and prone to errors due to various human factors like stress, fatigue, and so forth. Therefore, different automated systems have been proposed to wrestle the glitches in the manual diagnostic methods. In recent past, some computer-aided leukaemia diagnosis methods are presented. These automated systems are fast, reliable, and accurate as compared to manual diagnosis methods. This paper presents review of computer-aided diagnosis systems regarding their methodologies that include enhancement, segmentation, feature extraction, classification, and accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Shafique
- Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samabia Tehsin
- Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Predictable response: Finding optimal drugs and doses using artificial intelligence. Nat Med 2017; 23:1244-1247. [DOI: 10.1038/nm1117-1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|