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Tsota M, Giardoglou P, Mentsiou-Nikolaou E, Symianakis P, Kalafati IP, Kyriazopoulou-Korovesi AA, Angelidakis L, Papaioannou M, Konstantaki C, Stamatelopoulos K, Dedoussis GV. Investigation of Antihypertensive Properties of Chios Mastic via Monitoring microRNA-21 Expression Levels in the Plasma of Well-Controlled Hypertensive Patients. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:33. [PMID: 38921830 PMCID: PMC11207086 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a chronic, multifactorial disease, leading to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally. Despite the advantages of pharmaceutical treatments, natural products have gained scientific interest due to their emerging phytotherapeutic properties. Chios mastic is a natural Greek product, consisting of bioactive compounds which modify microRNAs' (small, expression-regulating molecules) expression. In this study, we investigated the antihypertensive properties of Chios mastic through the assessment of miR-21 levels. Herein, plasma samples of 57 individuals with hypertension, recruited for the purposes of the HYPER-MASTIC study, were analyzed. This was a clinical trial with Chios mastic supplements in which the patients were divided into groups receiving high and low mastic doses and placebo supplements, respectively. miR-21 was significantly upregulated in patients compared to normotensive individuals. Mean changes in miR-21 levels were statistically significant, after adjusting for sex and age, between the placebo and low-dose group and between the low- and high-dose group. Post-intervention miR-21 levels were positively associated with night-time systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and central systolic mean arterial pressure and negatively associated with night-time pulse wave velocity in the low-dose group. Our findings suggest a potential implication of miR-21 in the association of Chios mastic with night-time blood pressure measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsota
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (E.M.-N.)
| | - Panagiota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (E.M.-N.)
| | - Evangelia Mentsiou-Nikolaou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (E.M.-N.)
| | - Panagiotis Symianakis
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (E.M.-N.)
| | - Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (E.M.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-A.K.-K.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Lasthenis Angelidakis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-A.K.-K.); (K.S.)
| | - Maria Papaioannou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-A.K.-K.); (K.S.)
| | - Christina Konstantaki
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-A.K.-K.); (K.S.)
| | - HYPER-MASTIC Consortium
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (E.M.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-A.K.-K.); (K.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-A.K.-K.); (K.S.)
| | - George V. Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (E.M.-N.)
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Iyengar P, Godoy-Brewer G, Maniyar I, White J, Maas L, Parian AM, Limketkai B. Herbal Medicines for the Treatment of Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:934. [PMID: 38612967 PMCID: PMC11013716 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines are used by patients with IBD despite limited evidence. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating treatment with herbal medicines in active ulcerative colitis (UC). A search query designed by a library informationist was used to identify potential articles for inclusion. Articles were screened and data were extracted by at least two investigators. Outcomes of interest included clinical response, clinical remission, endoscopic response, endoscopic remission, and safety. We identified 28 RCTs for 18 herbs. In pooled analyses, when compared with placebo, clinical response rates were significantly higher for Indigo naturalis (IN) (RR 3.70, 95% CI 1.97-6.95), but not for Curcuma longa (CL) (RR 1.60, 95% CI 0.99-2.58) or Andrographis paniculata (AP) (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.71-1.26). There was a significantly higher rate of clinical remission for CL (RR 2.58, 95% CI 1.18-5.63), but not for AP (RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.86-2.01). Higher rates of endoscopic response (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.08-2.26) and remission (RR 19.37, 95% CI 2.71-138.42) were significant for CL. CL has evidence supporting its use as an adjuvant therapy in active UC. Research with larger scale and well-designed RCTs, manufacturing regulations, and education are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | | | - Isha Maniyar
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Jacob White
- Welch Library, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Laura Maas
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Alyssa M. Parian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Berkeley Limketkai
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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Singh A, Kant R, Raina R, Dhingra V, Nema R, Bairwa MC, Kanwar V, Mukherjee RLS, Mirza AA, Agarwal M. Efficacy of Pistacia lentiscus Plant (Rumi Mastagi) in Comparison to Levosulpiride in Patients with Diabetic Gastroparesis: A Double-Blind Non-Inferior Randomised Control Trial Study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2024; 28:35-42. [PMID: 38533281 PMCID: PMC10962771 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_84_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastrointestinal neuropathies are frequently found in diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis (DG) is multifactorial. The usual treatment for DG includes dietary modifications, prokinetic and antiemetic agents. There is increasing demand for more effective medicines to treat DG. The current study was conducted on the Pistacia lentiscus stem extract to add to the armamentarium of DG treatment and to find the efficacy of P. lentiscus plant extract (mastic gum) in comparison to levosulpiride in DG for improvement in gastroparesis symptoms and gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) in a single centric double-blind non-inferiority randomised control trial. Methods Thirty-eight individuals were recruited and equally randomised into two study groups based on Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) score and TC99 Radionuclide GES, mastic gum group and levosulpiride group. Both pre and post-intervention (8 weeks) GCSI scores were calculated, GES was performed to quantify the improvement in gastric emptying. Power analysis was performed using G*POWER software version 3.1.9.7 and data analysis using SPSS 23.0, variables measured in mean ± standard deviation (SD). Various statistical tests were used such as independent t-test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, Wilcox Mann-Whitney test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and posthoc pairwise tests. Results The mastic gum is found effective in the improvement of 4 h gastric emptying percentage from the mean (SD) 76.60 (± 9.96) to mean (SD) 97.20 (2.17)% (P < 0.001). Mastic gum has the property of HbA1c reduction, which is more significant than that of levosulpiride (P = 0.044). Mastic gum also had significant Low density lipoprotein (LDL) (mg/dL) levels reduction, (P < 0.001), compared to levosupiride. An absolute increase was observed in haemoglobin (HB) level in mastic gum at a 2-month mean (SD) of 1.03 (0.77) (g/dL) (P-value <0.001). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the effect of levosulpiride with mastic gum concerning improvement in diabetic gastroparesis (DG) using GES. In the study, mastic gum was found to have great properties to improve DG with many important pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaypal Singh
- Department of Internal Medicines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Veerbhadra Road, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Internal Medicines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Veerbhadra Road, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rohit Raina
- Department of Internal Medicines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Veerbhadra Road, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vandana Dhingra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Veerbhadra Road, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajeev Nema
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukesh Chand Bairwa
- Department of Internal Medicines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Veerbhadra Road, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Varsha Kanwar
- Department of Pathology, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Anissa Atif Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Veerbhadra Road, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mayank Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Veerbhadra Road, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Al-Zaben M, Zaban MA, Naghmouchi S, Nasser Alsaloom A, Al-Sugiran N, Alrokban A. Comparison of Phytochemical Composition, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of Extracts from Three Organs of Pistacia lentiscus from Saudi Arabia. Molecules 2023; 28:5156. [PMID: 37446818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study focused on the antimicrobial activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of three organs (stems, roots, and leaves) of Pistacia lentiscus against nine bacterial species, two fungal, and one yeast strain. A comparative study of the yield, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) composition, and polyphenol content of the different extracts was conducted. The obtained data showed that the yield of the methanolic extracts (between 13% and 33.3%) was greater than that of the aqueous extracts (between 10% and 18%). The highest yield recorded was in the presence of the methanolic leaf extract, followed by the stem and root extracts. Methanolic extracts are richer in polyphenols than aqueous extracts. Indeed, the highest content was observed in the leaf methanolic extract (28.4 mg GAE/g), followed by the stem (2.96 mg GAE/g), and then the root (2.62 mg GAE/g). HPLC revealed variability in the chemical compositions of the different methanolic extracts. The leaf extract was richer in phenolic acids and flavonoids than the stem and root extracts. Regarding antimicrobial activity, it was concluded that the different methanolic extracts of lentisk were more active than the aqueous extracts. In addition, the different methanolic extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested strains, despite their morphology and Gram-staining. Indeed, the maximum inhibition zones and the minimum inhibitory concentrations for the bacterial strains sensitive to the different methanolic extracts of the mastic tree were in the range of 7 to 11 mm and 12.5 to 25 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, these extracts showed greater inhibitory activity against the tested fungal strains (A. niger and A. flavus) and yeast (C. albicans) than against the bacterial strains. These extracts can be used to treat antimicrobial infections and as food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Al-Zaben
- Chemistry Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11495, Riyadh 11452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mayasar Al Zaban
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souheila Naghmouchi
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water, and Forestry, University of Tunis Carthage, Street of Hedi Karay BP.N°10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Albandary Nasser Alsaloom
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Al-Sugiran
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Alrokban
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Khan W, Khan SA, Khan FA, Khan S, Ullah I, Shah A, Uddin I, Khan S, Khan H, Uddin MN, Akbar F, Qayum N. Therapeutic potential of natural products and antibiotics against bovine mastitis pathogen of cows and buffaloes. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:271-280. [PMID: 37982055 PMCID: PMC10581532 DOI: 10.17221/80/2022-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus associated with bovine mastitis to selected antibiotics and plant extracts. In the current study, 140 milk samples were collected from cows and buffaloes. Among the 140 samples, 93 samples were positive for sub-clinical mastitis based on the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Out of the total positive samples, 45 were confirmed for S. aureus on a Mannitol salt agar media. The antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that 44.82% of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin (oxacillin) confirming methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with a higher percentage (51.61%) in the buffalo than in the cow samples. Furthermore, the PCR assay confirmed the presence of the mecA gene in all the MRSA isolates. Among the seven tested antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim showed high efficacy (71.1%) against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates (MSSA). Oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim showed 20% efficacy against MRSA followed by enrofloxacin (10%). On the other hand, the tested samples from Pistacia chinensis revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of bark showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 21.3 mm against MSSA and MRSA isolates at 3 000 μg/disc. Moreover, the methanol extract of Cotoneaster microphyllus formed a 12.3 mm and 9.1 mm zone of inhibition against the MSSA and MRSA isolates, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Shahab Ahmad Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Fayaz Akhtar Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Shah
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Uddin
- Veterinary Research and Disease Investigation Center, Balogram, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Khan
- Veterinary Research and Disease Investigation Center, Balogram, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Haji Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | | | - Fazal Akbar
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Nabila Qayum
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
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Boucheffa S, Sobhi W, Attoui A, Selli S, Kelebek H, Semmeq A, Benguerba Y. Effect of the main constituents of Pistacia lentiscus leaves against the DPPH radical and xanthine oxidase: experimental and theoretical study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9870-9884. [PMID: 34114947 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1936182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the content of phenolic compounds in P lentiscus leaves and their antioxidant effect. After extracting the phenolic compounds, fractionation by liquid/liquid partition with increasing polarity gives five extracts. Three of them (ButF, AqF and ButA) were found to have good antioxidant activity. Their IC50s for the inhibition of the free radical formation of DPPH are 1.76 µg/mL, 1.307 µg/ml, and 1.77 µg/mL, respectively. These values are very interesting, considering the effect of the powerful flavonoid quercetin, whose IC50 against DPPH is 1.53 µg/mL. These extracts are also active against xanthine oxidase (XO). The IC50s measured are 0.14 mg/mL, 0.186 mg/mL and 0.33 mg/mL for ButF, Aq F and ButAq F extract respectively, in comparison with allopurinol (0.44 mg/mL). A phytochemical analysis by LC/ESI-MS-MS was performed to explain the observed activities. The results show 22 peaks representing: flavanols, namely catechin, d-Gallocatechin, and gallocatechin gallate. The only flavone detected in the studied extracts was luteolin glucuronide and was found to be in higher amounts in butanolic extract (2,71mg/mL). The phenolic acids and derivatives were also identified in the extracts. A theoretical study was performed to deduce the specificity of the binding between the major compounds identified in the P. lentiscus extract and the xanthine oxidase enzyme using Schrödinger software. The docking procedure was validated using the extraction of ligands from the binding site. Their re-anchoring to the xanthine oxidase structure using quercetin and allopurinol was considered reference molecules. After docking, post-docking minimization was performed to achieve the best scoring poses with the MM-GBSA approach. The dGBind energy of MM-GBSA representing the binding energy of the receptor and the ligand was calculated based on molecular mechanics. Results reveal that β-Glucogallin compounds such as Digalloylquinic acid, Gallocatechin, and Myricetin-3-O rhamnoside are more active than allopurinol, with stronger Docking score (Gscore) and MM-GBSA dGBind.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Boucheffa
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry (LBA), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1 University (UFAS1), Sétif, Algeria
| | - Widad Sobhi
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry (LBA), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1 University (UFAS1), Sétif, Algeria.,Research Center of Biotechnology (CRBt), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ayoub Attoui
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry (LBA), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1 University (UFAS1), Sétif, Algeria.,Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Multiphasiques, LMPMP, Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hasim Kelebek
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Multiphasiques, LMPMP, Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, Sétif, Algeria
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Papazafiropoulou AK. Effects of Chios mastic gum on cardiometabolic risk factors. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:921-925. [PMID: 36437867 PMCID: PMC9693735 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i11.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chios mastic gum (CMG), the resin produced by the trunk of Pistachia lentiscus var Chia, has been used for culinary and medicinal purposes since antiquity. Despite the fact that Pistacia species are widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin and in the circum-Mediterranean regions, CMG is a distinctive resin of the mastic trees grown exclusively in the southern part of the island of Chios. CMG has been used for centuries as a spice, a cosmetic, but its most important usage has been as a strong phytotherapeutic therapy, primarily for the management of gastrointestinal diseases. Recently, there are studies demonstrating that CMG has hypolipidemic, cardioprotective and antidiabetic properties. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to summarize the existing literature data regarding the potential beneficial effects of CMG on cardio-metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia K Papazafiropoulou
- The First Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, Piraeus 18536, Greece
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Apoptotic, Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Interference with the Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling of Fractions from Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia Leaves. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070934. [PMID: 35406916 PMCID: PMC9002849 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study acetonic extracts of leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia (mastiha tree) grown in the south as well as in the north Chios Greek island were isolated and further fractionated to give three different polarity fractions: apolar, medium-polar, and polar. The isolated fractions were assessed as regards their main composition, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory activities, and interference with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling, applying cytotoxic assay, luciferase assays, and Western blot analysis of apoptosis-, energy-, and inflammation-associated molecules. Differences in cell viability have been detected among different polarity leaf fractions as well as among fractions of different plant origin with polar fractions showing the highest cytotoxicity. Fractions-induced anti-inflammatory activities and suppressive effects on the dexamethasone (DEX)-induced GR transcriptional activation were unveiled. The partition protocol of leaves fractions applied uncovers the enhanced glucocorticoid-associated biological activities of the medium-polar fractions, which may be associated with their enrichment in the triterpenoids that showed structural similarity with the glucocorticoids. A reduction in GR protein levels is observed by the fraction which is shown to be associated with the medium polar-induced proteolytic degradation of the receptor. In addition, the enhanced cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-glycemic activities of the fractions from the Southern P. lentiscus L. that exclusively produce the mastiha resin, is revealed, indicating that leaves fractions from mastiha tree, similarly to mastiha tree resin, may have the potential to be further analyzed for their potent applications in the pharmaceutical cosmetic and nutraceutical fields.
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Elloumi W, Mahmoudi A, Ortiz S, Boutefnouchet S, Chamkha M, Sayadi S. Wound healing potential of quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside isolated from Pistacia lentiscus distilled leaves in rats model. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112574. [PMID: 35062055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bioproducts able to accelerate wound healing is an important topic in biomedicine. In the current study, Pistacia lentiscus distilled leaves (PDL) extract and its two isolated glycosylated flavonoids, myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (MM) and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (QM), were evaluated for their wound healing activity, including evaluation of wound closure, revascularization, wound re-epithelialization, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen deposition on rat skin samples. Moreover, hydroxyproline content, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and immunohistochemistry study were evaluated on blood and tissues collected from rats on day 14 post-wounding. Results showed that the topical application of PDL (at a concentration of 20 mg/ml) (PDL 20), MM, and QM increased wound healing and decreased inflammatory cells infiltration compared to the negative control group. Moreover, the cutaneous wound tissues treated with PDL 20, MM, and QM exhibited significantly higher hydroxyproline content than the negative control group, which means a high collagen biosynthesis in wound tissues. Indeed, the level of the inflammatory protein CRP is significantly lower in groups treated with MM and QM than in the negative control group. Also, the expression of the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α and the angiogenesis marker CD-31 in PDL 20, MM, and QM treated groups is lower than in the negative control group. Moreover, MM, and QM induced a good elastase inhibition at 100 µg/ml compared to the standard epigallocatechin gallate. Therefore, PDL 20, MM, and QM could be used as effective cutaneous wound healing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Elloumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, PO Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Asma Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, PO Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sergio Ortiz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR CNRS 8638 COMETE, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, 4, av. de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Boutefnouchet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR CNRS 8638 COMETE, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, 4, av. de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, PO Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Overview of Chios Mastic Gum (Pistacia lentiscus) Effects on Human Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030590. [PMID: 35276949 PMCID: PMC8838553 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable development of the medical industry in the current era, herbal products with therapeutic potentials arise as attractive alternative treatments. Consequently, Chios mastiha, a natural, aromatic resin obtained from the trunk and brunches of the mastic tree, has recently gained increasing scientific interest due to its multiple beneficial actions. Chios mastiha is being exclusively produced on the southern part of Chios, a Greek island situated in the northern Aegean Sea, and its therapeutic properties have been known since Greek antiquity. There is now substantial evidence to suggest that mastiha demonstrates a plethora of favorable effects, mainly attributed to the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of its components. The main use of mastiha nowadays, however, is for the production of natural chewing gum, although an approval by the European Medicines Agency for mild dyspeptic disorders and for inflammations of the skin has been given. The aim of this article is to summarize the most important data about the therapeutic actions of Chios mastiha and discuss future fields for its medical application.
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Elloumi W, Maalej A, Ortiz S, Michel S, Chamkha M, Boutefnouchet S, Sayadi S. Pistacia lentiscus L. Distilled Leaves as a Potential Cosmeceutical Ingredient: Phytochemical Characterization, Transdermal Diffusion, and Anti-Elastase and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030855. [PMID: 35164116 PMCID: PMC8838631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work was performed to investigate the phenolic composition of P. lentiscus L. distilled leaves (PDL) and examine its potential against certain key enzymes related to skin aging. High-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and various separation procedures combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and MS analysis were performed to isolate and identify compounds present in the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of PDL. A high amount of flavonol glycoside was detected in EAE. Indeed, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (FC), myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (FM2), and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (FB2) were isolated from EAE, and are present in high quantities of 10.47 ± 0.26, 12.17 ± 0.74, and 4.53 ± 0.59 mg/g dry weight, respectively. A transdermal diffusion study was carried out to determine the EAE-molecules that may transmit the cutaneous barrier and showed that FM2 transmits the membrane barrier with a high amount followed by FC. EAE, FM2, and FC were tested against tyrosinase and elastase enzymes. Moreover, intracellular tyrosinase inhibition and cytotoxicity on skin melanoma cells (B16) were evaluated. The results indicated that EAE, FC, and FM2 have important inhibitory activities compared to the well-known standards, at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Therefore, they could be excellent agents for treating skin pigmentation and elasticity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Elloumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (W.E.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Amina Maalej
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (W.E.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Sergio Ortiz
- CiTCoM, CNRS 8038, PNAS Team (Natural Products, Analysis and Synthesis), Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4, av. de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; (S.O.); (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sylvie Michel
- CiTCoM, CNRS 8038, PNAS Team (Natural Products, Analysis and Synthesis), Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4, av. de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; (S.O.); (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (W.E.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Sabrina Boutefnouchet
- CiTCoM, CNRS 8038, PNAS Team (Natural Products, Analysis and Synthesis), Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4, av. de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; (S.O.); (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+97-44-403-7560
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Brieudes V, Mikropoulou EV, Kallergis E, Kaliora AC, Papada E, Gkiouvetidis P, Angelis A, Halabalaki M. Development, Validation and Application of a UHPLC-MS Method for the Quantification of Chios Mastic Gum Triterpenoids in Human Plasma. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:1101-1109. [PMID: 33784768 DOI: 10.1055/a-1408-9338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chios mastic gum is the resinous secretion obtained from the barks of the shrub Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia, which is endemic to the Greek island of Chios. Since antiquity, Chios mastic gum has found several uses as a phytotherapeutic remedy, primarily for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders while recently, Chios mastic gum was also recognized by EMA as an herbal medicinal product with specific indications. Chios mastic gum's biological properties are attributed to triterpenes which comprise the major chemical group (approx. 70%) and notably isomasticadienonic acid and masticadienonic acid. However, due to their structural characteristics, the isolation thereof in high yield and purity is challenging and since they are not commercially available, pharmacological studies aiming to assess their biological properties are limited. In the present work, mastic's phytochemical investigation by UPLC-HRMS is followed by the isolation and characterization of isomasticadienonic acid and masticadienonic acid to be used as analytical standards for their accurate and reliable quantification in human plasma. A UHPLC-tQ-MS method that was developed and validated (in terms of specificity, linearity, limit of quantification, accuracy and precision), for the direct quantification of the targeted compounds in the low ng/mL range of concentration, was subsequently implemented on plasma samples of healthy volunteers thus demonstrating its fitness for purpose. The results presented herein might provide insight to the understanding of this traditional natural product consumed notably for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and lipid lowering properties. Moreover, this method might serve as a starting point for any study aiming to monitor bioactive triterpenes in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Brieudes
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni V Mikropoulou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Errikos Kallergis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Andriana C Kaliora
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Papada
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Gkiouvetidis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
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Amerikanou C, Dimitropoulou E, Gioxari A, Papada E, Tanaini A, Fotakis C, Zoumpoulakis P, Kaliora AC. Linking the IL-17A immune response with NMR-based faecal metabolic profile in IBD patients treated with Mastiha. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111535. [PMID: 34311533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of intestinal immune response plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Mastiha's anti-inflammatory properties are well established. Our aim was to investigate Mastiha's regulatory effect on IL-17A serum levels in IBD patients. Alterations of the faecal metabolome as a functional readout of microbial activity were explored. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design was applied for a total of 3 months in active and 6 months in inactive IBD patients. Serum IL-17A increased significantly in Mastiha group (p = 0.006), and the mean change differed significantly between Mastiha and placebo (p = 0.003) even after adjusting for age, sex and BMI (p = 0.001) in inactive patients. In inactive UC patients IL-17A decreased significantly only in placebo (p = 0.033). No significant differences were detected in active disease. Faecal metabolomics indicated that intervention with Mastiha influenced considerably the metabolic profile of IBD patients in remission exhibiting, in between others, increased levels of glycine and tryptophan. Glycine has been proposed to have a therapeutic effect against IBD, while tryptophan derivatives are involved in immunoregalutory mechanisms, such as the Th17 cells differentiation. Thus, it is quite possible that the immunoregulatory role of Mastiha in quiescent IBD involves the regulation of Th17 cells function and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampia Amerikanou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Dimitropoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristea Gioxari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Papada
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthi Tanaini
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Fotakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
| | - Andriana C Kaliora
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
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Chemical Profiling of Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia Resin and Essential Oil: Ageing Markers and Antimicrobial Activity. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chios Mastic Gum (CMG) and Chios Mastic Oil (CMO) are two unique products of the tree Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia, cultivated exclusively on the Greek island of Chios. In the present study, the method proposed by the European Pharmacopoeia for mastic identification was employed using HPTLC together with an in-house method. A GC-MS methodology was also developed for the chemical characterization of CMOs. α-Pinene and β-myrcene were found in abundance in the fresh oils; however, in the oil of the aged collection, oxygenated monoterpenes and benzenoids such as verbenone, pinocarveol, and α-campholenal were found at the highest rates. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of Chios Mastic Gums (CMGs) with their respective Chios Mastic Oils (CMOs) was evaluated, with growth tests against the fungi Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Mucor circinelloides, and Rhizopus oryzae, and the bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, with the samples exhibiting a moderate activity. To our knowledge, this is the first time that an HPTLC method is proposed for the analysis of mastic and its essential oil and that a standardized methodology is followed for the distillation of CMO with a parallel assessment of the ageing effect on the oil’s composition.
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Behmanesh MA, Poormoosavi SM, Pareidar Y, Ghorbanzadeh B, Mahmoodi-Kouhi A, Najafzadehvarzi H. Pistacia atlantica's effect on ovary damage and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JBRA Assist Reprod 2021; 25:28-33. [PMID: 32569454 PMCID: PMC7863088 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with numerous complications, including gonadal dysfunction. There are specific traditional medicine remedies for DM, including medicinal herbs. Our study aimed to evaluate the role of Pistacia atlantica’s extract in the protection against ovary damage by streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM in rats. Methods: We ran this experimental study on 40 adult female Wistar rats. We divided the animals into five groups, control (A); DM (STZ by 60 mg/kg- intraperitoneally) (B); DM + hexane extract of P. atlantica (200 mg/kg -orally) (C); P. atlantica extract (D) and DM + glibenclamide (200 mg/kg -orally) (F). The experiment continued for four weeks, and we administered the extract daily. After slaughtering the rats, we removed the ovaries. We assessed parameters, such as blood glucose and levels of oxidative stress markers as well as histological ovary structure. Results: Blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the number of atretic follicles were elevated; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and the number of corpora lutea were significantly decreased in the untreated diabetic rats. These changes returned to normal or diminished with P. atlantica extract and glibenclamide in the treated rats. Conclusions: The extract of P. atlantica has antihyperglycemic and antioxidative properties, and it decreased ovarian complications in experimental diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Behmanesh
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahsa Poormoosavi
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Yousef Pareidar
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Najafzadehvarzi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Pistacia lentiscus Hydrosol: Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Mediated by NF- κB and the Citrate Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4264815. [PMID: 33204395 PMCID: PMC7652607 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4264815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pistacia lentiscus shows a long range of biological activities, and it has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of various kinds of diseases. Moreover, related essential oil keeps important health-promoting properties. However, less is known about P. lentiscus hydrosol, a main by-product of essential oil production, usually used for steam distillation itself or discarded. In this work, by using ultra-high-resolution ESI(+)-FT-ICR mass spectrometry, a direct identification of four main classes of metabolites of P. lentiscus hydrosol (i.e., terpenes, amino acids, peptides, and condensed heterocycles) was obtained. Remarkably, P. lentiscus hydrosol exhibited an anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) activated primary human monocytes. In LPS-triggered U937 cells, it inhibited NF-κB, a key transcription factor in inflammatory cascade, regulating the expression of both the mitochondrial citrate carrier and the ATP citrate lyase genes. These two main components of the citrate pathway were downregulated by P. lentiscus hydrosol. Therefore, the levels of ROS, NO, and PGE2, the inflammatory mediators downstream the citrate pathway, were reduced. Results shed light on metabolic profile and anti-inflammatory properties of P. lentiscus hydrosol, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent.
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Pachi VK, Mikropoulou EV, Gkiouvetidis P, Siafakas K, Argyropoulou A, Angelis A, Mitakou S, Halabalaki M. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Chios mastic gum (Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia, Anacardiaceae): A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112485. [PMID: 32092498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chios mastic gum constitutes a unique Greek product, produced exclusively in the southern part of the island of Chios. References about its use from local populations for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders or as a cosmetic agent can even be encountered in ancient texts of Galen, Theophrastus and Dioscorides. Nowadays, this versatile resin has been rediscovered, not only as a traditional remedy and aromatic agent, but as a potent phytotherapeutic product with various biological properties. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to quote the summation of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemical profile and pharmacological properties of the resin of Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia and thus provide the scientific community with a summary of the research conducted so far. Furthermore, perspectives and uses are being discussed and studied so as to broaden the field of its applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature on Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia was performed using as resources scientific databases such as Scopus, Sciencedirect, Pubmed and Web of science, studies and traditional books provided by the Chios Mastiha Growers Association as well as PhD and Master' s theses. RESULTS Chios mastic gum has been used as a traditional medicine over the last 2500 years. More than 120 chemical compounds have been identified in the resin and the major components are a natural polymer, acidic and neutral triterpenes and volatile secondary metabolites. Several plant extracts and compounds have been studied for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective and anti-cancer properties in vitro and in vivo. Clinical interventions and trials have also showed the therapeutic potential of Chios mastic gum. In 2015 Pistacia lentiscus L., resin (mastic) was recognized as a herbal medicinal product with traditional use by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) with two therapeutic indications (mild dyspeptic disorders & skin inflammation/healing of minor wounds). Over the last years, Chios mastic gum is widely involved in medicinal products, food supplements and cosmetics and has become object of study, also in the field of Pharmacotechnology. CONCLUSIONS Chios mastic's beneficial properties have been demonstrated in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, skin inflammations, plasma lipid and blood sugar reduction and oral care. These properties are attributed to triterpenes and volatile compounds. However, because of the resin's chemical complexity and the lack of commercial standards for its main compounds, there is a notable gap in literature concerning the biological evaluation of CMG's isolated components. Therefore, future research should focus on the development of efficient extraction, isolation and analysis techniques in order to unravel CMG's full pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki K Pachi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni V Mikropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Gkiouvetidis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Siafakas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Argyropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
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Pasban-Aliabadi H, Sobhani V, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Najafipour H, Askari A, Jalalian H. Effects of Baneh ( Pistacia atlantica) Gum on Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF-7) and Its Interaction with Anticancer Drug Doxorubicin. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 18:1959-1966. [PMID: 32184861 PMCID: PMC7059076 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pistacia atlantica is one of the species of Anacardiaceae that grows in the wild in different regions of Iran. Traditionally, anacardiaceae family has antibacterial, fungicidal, and cytotoxic properties. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible cytotoxic and anti-proliferative properties of Baneh gum. Cytotoxicity of the plant gum was determined using MTT assay on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The cellular makers of apoptosis (caspase3 and P53) and cell proliferation (Cyclin-D1) were evaluated by western blotting. Doxorubicin was used as anticancer control drug in combination treatment. The result showed that Baneh gum (100 µg/mL) significantly induced cell damage, activated caspase3, and increased P53 protein level. In addition, Cyclin-D1 was significantly decreased in gum-incubated cells. Furthermore, combination treatment of cells with Baneh gum (25 µg/mL) and doxorubicin (200 nM) produced a significant cytotoxic effect as compared to each drug alone. In conclusion, Baneh gum (100 µg/mL) has a potential pro-apoptotic/anti-proliferative property against human breast cancer cells and its combination with doxorubicin in low doses may induce cell death effectively and be a potent modality to treat this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Pasban-Aliabadi
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, life style institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, life style institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Askari
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, life style institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jalalian
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Extracted Oil from Pistacia lentiscus L.: Mathematical Modeling, Economic Evaluation and Scale-Up. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010199. [PMID: 31947791 PMCID: PMC6982823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the extracted oil of Pistacia lentiscus L. the Tunis region was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction containing different major components in the oil such as α-pinene (32%) and terpinene-4-ol (13%). The investigation of the effect of different variables on the extraction yield with 5% level of confidence interval showed that the CO2 pressure was the main significant variable to influence the oil yield. In order to better understand the phenomena, three parameters were considered to adjust all parameters of broken and intact cell (BIC) model: grinding efficiency (G), the internal mass transfer parameter (kSa0), and the external mass transfer parameter (kfa0), which were estimated by experimental extraction curves to calculate the diffusion coefficient. From an economic point of view, we found out that the high cost of production of the extracted oil was due to the low mass of extracted oil obtained from this type of plant.
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El-Ouady F, Hajji L, Eddouks M. Effect of Terebinthus atlanticus on Glucose Metabolism in Diabetic Rats. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:31-40. [PMID: 31475903 PMCID: PMC7360919 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x19666190902124018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terebinthus atlanticus (Anacardiaceae) is an important source of essential oil and phenolic compounds justifying its use in traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE The present work aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and the antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Terebinthus atlanticus (T. atlanticus). METHODS The current study evaluated the effect of a single and repeated (15 days of treatment) oral administration of the aqueous extract of the leaves of T. atlanticus (PALAE) on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, the effect of PALAE on glucose tolerance and histopathological examination of the liver was carried out. RESULTS A single oral administration of PALAE reduced blood glucose levels in normal (p<0.05), and STZ diabetic rats (p<0.0001), 6 and 4 hours after administration, respectively. Furthermore, this extract had an optimal effect (p<0.0001) in both normal and STZ diabetic rats at the 15th and 7th day of treatment. This extract was also shown to prevent significantly the increase on blood glucose levels 120 min after glucose administration, in both normal (p<0.05), and diabetic (p<0.01) treated rats when compared to the control group. In addition, the histopathological analysis highlighted the positive effect of T. atlanticus on pancreas and liver. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates the antihyperglycemic effect of the aqueous T. atlanticus extracts in diabetic rats which should be mediated through the amelioration of the oxidative stress as well as an improvement in liver histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa El-Ouady
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Lhoussaine Hajji
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
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Kannt A, Papada E, Kammermeier C, D'Auria G, Jiménez‐Hernández N, Stephan M, Schwahn U, Madsen AN, Østergaard MV, Dedoussis G, Francino MP. Mastiha (Pistacia lentiscus) Improves Gut Microbiota Diversity, Hepatic Steatosis, and Disease Activity in a Biopsy-Confirmed Mouse Model of Advanced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900927. [PMID: 31599067 PMCID: PMC7003480 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE As a result of the obesity epidemic, the prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing. No drug is approved for the treatment of NASH. In this study, the effect of a nutritional supplement, Mastiha or Chios mastic gum, on metabolic and histological parameters and on the gut microbiome in mice with NASH and fibrosis was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Advanced NASH was induced by feeding C57BL/6J mice a diet rich in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol for 41 weeks. After randomization, animals received the NASH-inducing diet with or without 0.2% (w/w) Mastiha for a further 8 weeks. Disease activity was assessed by liver histology and determination of plasma transaminase activities. Fecal microbiota DNA extraction and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were used to determine the composition of the gut microbiome. Mastiha supplementation led to a significant reduction in circulating alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, improvement in hepatic steatosis and collagen content, and a reduction in NAFLD activity score. Furthermore, it resulted in a partial but significant recovery of gut microbiota diversity and changes in identity and abundance of specific taxa. CONCLUSION This is the first study demonstrating an improvement in disease activity in mice with advanced NASH with fibrosis by a diet containing Mastiha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimo Kannt
- Sanofi Research and Development65926FrankfurtGermany
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical Faculty MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg68167MannheimGermany
| | | | | | - Giuseppe D'Auria
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO)46035ValenciaSpain
| | | | | | - Uwe Schwahn
- Sanofi Research and Development65926FrankfurtGermany
| | | | | | | | - M. Pilar Francino
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO)46035ValenciaSpain
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Mastiha: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070208. [PMID: 31284520 PMCID: PMC6681034 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays both scientists and consumers have an increasing interest for natural products as preventing and healing factors without side effects. Mastiha, is a natural product of the Mediterranean basin with several health benefits as investigated the last decades. The present review summarises the research evidence from preclinical and clinical studies regarding the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Mastiha. MEDLINE, COHRANE and search terms “Mastiha”, “Mastic gum”, “Chios mastic” and “Pistacia lentiscus” were used. We limited our search by selecting only articles written in English literature, published between 2003 and 2019 that were experimental studies on Mastiha resinous exudate (review articles and individual case reports were excluded). Additional searches were performed using “oxidative stress” and “inflammation”. A total of 19 studies met our criteria and were included in this review. Currently, there are more preclinical than clinical data available. Taken all together, the antioxidant potential of Mastiha is most probably owed to the inhibition of protein kinase, while its anti-inflammatory capacity may be the result of the inhibition of NF-κB activation. Further clinical studies in large populations are necessary.
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Glutathione "Redox Homeostasis" and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5028181. [PMID: 31210841 PMCID: PMC6532282 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5028181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More people die from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than from any other cause. Cardiovascular complications are thought to arise from enhanced levels of free radicals causing impaired "redox homeostasis," which represents the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and reductive stress (RS). In this review, we compile several experimental research findings that show sustained shifts towards OS will alter the homeostatic redox mechanism to cause cardiovascular complications, as well as findings that show a prolonged antioxidant state or RS can similarly lead to such cardiovascular complications. This experimental evidence is specifically focused on the role of glutathione, the most abundant antioxidant in the heart, in a redox homeostatic mechanism that has been shifted towards OS or RS. This may lead to impairment of cellular signaling mechanisms and elevated pools of proteotoxicity associated with cardiac dysfunction.
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Papada E, Amerikanou C, Torović L, Kalogeropoulos N, Tzavara C, Forbes A, Kaliora AC. Plasma free amino acid profile in quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients orally administered with Mastiha (Pistacia lentiscus); a randomised clinical trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 56:40-47. [PMID: 30668352 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products have been studied regarding their effectiveness on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE To examine the effects of Mastiha (Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia) on clinical course and amino acid (AA) profile of patients in remission. STUDY DESIGN This is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. METHODS Patients (n = 68) were randomly allocated to Mastiha (2.8 g/day) or placebo adjunct to stable medication. Free AAs were identified applying Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in plasma. Medical-dietary history, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, Harvey-Bradshaw Index, Partial Mayo Score, biochemical, faecal and blood inflammatory markers were assessed. Primary endpoint was the clinical relapse rate at 6 months. Secondary endpoints included variations in free AAs, inflammatory biomarkers and quality of life. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS Concerning AAs and biochemical data, alanine (p = 0.006), valine (p = 0.047), proline (p = 0.022), glutamine (p < 0.001) and tyrosine (p = 0.043) along with total cholesterol (p = 0.032) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.045) increased only in placebo group compared with baseline and the change between the study groups was significantly different. Inflammatory markers had not a significantly different change between the two groups, even serum IL-6, faecal calprotectin and faecal lactoferrin increased only in the placebo group. Although Mastiha was not proven superior to placebo in remission rate (17.6% vs. 23.5%, p = 0.549), attenuation in increase of free AAs levels in verum group is reported. CONCLUSION Mastiha inhibited an increase in plasma free AAs seen in patients with quiescent IBD. Since change of AAs is considered an early prognostic marker of disease activity, this indicates a potential role of Mastiha in remission maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Papada
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampia Amerikanou
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Ljilja Torović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nick Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Chara Tzavara
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Alastair Forbes
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Building, James Watson Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andriana C Kaliora
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
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Papada E, Gioxari A, Amerikanou C, Forbes A, Tzavara C, Smyrnioudis I, Kaliora AC. Regulation of faecal biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with oral mastiha (Pistacia lentiscus
) supplement: A double-blind and placebo-controlled randomised trial. Phytother Res 2018; 33:360-369. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Papada
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education; Harokopio University; Athens Greece
| | - Aristea Gioxari
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education; Harokopio University; Athens Greece
| | - Charalampia Amerikanou
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education; Harokopio University; Athens Greece
| | - Alastair Forbes
- Norwich Medical School; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - Chara Tzavara
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education; Harokopio University; Athens Greece
| | | | - Andriana C. Kaliora
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education; Harokopio University; Athens Greece
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Papada E, Forbes A, Amerikanou C, Torović L, Kalogeropoulos N, Tzavara C, Triantafillidis JK, Kaliora AC. Antioxidative Efficacy of a Pistacia Lentiscus Supplement and Its Effect on the Plasma Amino Acid Profile in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1779. [PMID: 30453494 PMCID: PMC6267573 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is present in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and natural supplements with antioxidant properties have been investigated as a non-pharmacological approach. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of a natural Pistacia lentiscus (PL) supplement on oxidative stress biomarkers and to characterise the plasma-free amino acid (AA) profiles of patients with active IBD (Crohn's disease (CD) N = 40, ulcerative colitis (UC) N = 20). The activity was determined according to 5 ≤ Harvey Bradshaw Index ≤ 16 or 2 ≤ Partial Mayo Score ≤ 6. This is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. IBD patients (N = 60) were randomly allocated to PL (2.8 g/day) or to placebo for 3 months being under no treatment (N = 21) or under stable medical treatment (mesalamine N = 24, azathioprine N = 14, and corticosteroids N = 23) that was either single medication (N = 22) or combined medication (N = 17). Plasma oxidised, low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), total serum oxidisability, and serum uric acid were evaluated at baseline and follow-up. OxLDL/LDL and oxLDL/High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) ratios were calculated. The plasma-free AA profile was determined by applying a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. oxLDL (p = 0.031), oxLDL/HDL (p = 0.020), and oxLDL/LDL (p = 0.005) decreased significantly in the intervention group. The mean change differed significantly in CD between groups for oxLDL/LDL (p = 0.01), and, in the total sample, both oxLDL/LDL (p = 0.015) and oxLDL/HDL (p = 0.044) differed significantly. Several changes were reported in AA levels. PL ameliorated a decrease in plasma-free AAs seen in patients with UC taking placebo. In conclusion, this intervention resulted in favourable changes in oxidative stress biomarkers in active IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Papada
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Alastair Forbes
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Building, James Watson Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Charalampia Amerikanou
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ljilja Torović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Nick Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Chara Tzavara
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Andriana C Kaliora
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
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Kontogiannis C, Georgiopoulos G, Loukas K, Papanagnou ED, Pachi VK, Bakogianni I, Laina A, Kouzoupis A, Karatzi K, Trougakos IP, Stamatelopoulos K. Chios mastic improves blood pressure haemodynamics in patients with arterial hypertension: Implications for regulation of proteostatic pathways. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 26:328-331. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487318796985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Kontogiannis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Loukas
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni-Dimitra Papanagnou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki K Pachi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Bakogianni
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ageliki Laina
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kouzoupis
- First Psychiatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Karatzi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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Rahman HS. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant and anticancer activities of mastic gum resin from Pistacia atlantica subspecies kurdica. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4559-4572. [PMID: 30122948 PMCID: PMC6084073 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s170827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mastic gum resin has been used in traditional Kurdish medicine for treating various disorders such as topical wound and gastric ulcer. The study designed to evaluate the total polyphenol and flavonoid content, free radical scavenging activity, and anticancer effects of mastic gum resin derived from Pistacia atlantica subspecies kurdica. MATERIALS AND METHODS Folin -Ciocalteau and the aluminum chloride colorimetric assays were used to determine the total phenol and flavonoid contents in the mastic gum resin respectively. Whereas, DPPH and ABTS+ assays were used to determine the antioxidant activities of mastic gum resin. Regarding anticancer activities, the MTT assay was used to study the effect of mastic gum resin on the proliferation of various cancer cells and the morphological changes were identified after Acridine Orange/Propidium Iodide staining. Flow cytometry was applied to determine the influence of mastic gum resin on the apoptosis rate by Annexin V double staining and to investigate the influence on cell cycle progression. Caspase colorimetric assay was used to estimate the hallmark enzyme of apoptosis, and finally RNA were obtained from COLO205 cells and analyzed by qRT-PCR analyses. RESULTS The MTT results showed that the mastic gum resin at concentrations from 0.01 to 100 μM induced death of cancer cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The mastic gum resin suppressed proliferation of human cancer cells with 72 h IC50 value of 15.34 ± 0.21, 11.52 ± 0.18, 8.11 ± 0.23 and 5.2 ± 0.8 μg/mL for bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) (KMBC), pancreatic carcinoma (PANC-1), gastric adenocarcinoma (CRL-1739), and colonic adenocarcinoma (COLO205) cells, respectively. Normal human colon fibroblast (CCD-18Co) cells were not adversely affected by resin treatment. Flow cytometry showed that the mastic gum resin significantly (P<0.05) arrested COLO205 cell proliferation at the G2/M phase of cell cycle. The resin caused apoptotic morphological changes in COLO205 cells. The apoptotic effect to mastic gum resin was via the mitochondrial as shown by the up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2 genes, and activation of caspase-9 and -3 activities. CONCLUSION It was confirmed that the antiproliferative efficacy of the resin is positively correlated with its polyphenolic contents, suggesting a causal link related to exudate content of phenolic acid and flavonoids. The results revealed that the mastic gum resin has potential to be developed as an anticancer and antioxidant product due to its high content of polyphenol compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Clinic and Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Republic of Iraq,
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Chaq-Chaq Qularaisee, Sarchinar District, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Republic of Iraq,
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,
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Mohamed K, Zine K, Fahima K, Abdelfattah E, Sharifudin SM, Duduku K. NiO nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity mediated through ROS generation and impairing the antioxidant defense in the human lung epithelial cells (A549): Preventive effect of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:480-488. [PMID: 29854619 PMCID: PMC5977410 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) have attracted increasing attention owing to potential capacity to penetrate to several human cell systems and exert a toxic effect. Elsewhere, the use of medicinal plants today is the form of the most widespread medicine worldwide. Utilizing aromatic plants as interesting source of phytochemicals constitute one of the largest scientific concerns. Thus this study was focused to investigate antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of essential oil of a Mediterranean plant P. lentiscus (PLEO) on NiO NPs induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human lung epithelial cells (A549). The obtained results showed that cell viability was reduced by NiO NPs, who's also found to induce oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner indicated by induction of reactive oxygen species and reduction of antioxidant enzymes activities. Our results also demonstrated that PLEO contains high amounts in terpinen-4-ol (11.49%), germacrene D (8.64%), α-pinene (5.97%), sabinene (5.19%), caryophyllene (5.10%) and δ-Cadinene (4.86%). PLEO exhibited a potent antioxidant capacity by cell viability improving, ROS scavenging and enhancing the endogenous antioxidant system against NiO NPs in this model of cells. The present work demonstrated, for the first time, the protective activity of PLEO against cell oxidative damage induced by NiO NPs. It was suggested that this plant essential oil could be use as a cells protector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khiari Mohamed
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, 23000 Annaba, Algeria.,Phytochemical Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Kechrid Zine
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Klibet Fahima
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Elfeki Abdelfattah
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology Animal, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Shaarani Md Sharifudin
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Krishnaiah Duduku
- Phytochemical Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
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Fukazawa T, Smyrnioudis I, Konishi M, Takahashi M, Kim HK, Nishimaki M, Xiang M, Sakamoto S. Effects of Chios mastic gum and exercise on physical characteristics, blood lipid markers, insulin resistance, and hepatic function in healthy Japanese men. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:773-780. [PMID: 30263803 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Chios mastic gum (Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia) and exercise on physical characteristics, blood lipid markers, insulin resistance, and hepatic function were investigated in healthy, non-smoking Japanese men aged ≥ 40 years. Participants were allocated to control (C, 5 g/day placebo powder, n = 7), mastic (M, 5 g/day mastic powder, n = 7), or mastic plus physical activity groups (M + PA, 5 g/day mastic powder and 30-min exercise three times/week, n = 7), and measurements were taken at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Serum triglycerides were significantly reduced at 3 months in M and M + PA compared with C (P < 0.05). Serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance values were significantly reduced at 3 and 6 months in M + PA, and at 6 months in M, compared with C (P < 0.05). These results indicate that Chios mastic gum intake for 6 months reduced serum triglyceride and insulin concentrations, and additional exercise enhanced the effect on insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fukazawa
- 1Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
| | - Ilias Smyrnioudis
- The Chios Gum Mastic Growers Association, 1, K. Monomaxhou St., 82100 Chios, Greece
| | - Masayuki Konishi
- 3Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- 4Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan
| | - Hyeon Ki Kim
- 4Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan
| | - Mio Nishimaki
- 5Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-5-1 Nishigaoaka, Kita, Tokyo, 115-0056 Japan
| | - Mi Xiang
- 6Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Shizuo Sakamoto
- 3Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
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Papada E, Gioxari A, Brieudes V, Amerikanou C, Halabalaki M, Skaltsounis AL, Smyrnioudis I, Kaliora AC. Bioavailability of Terpenes and Postprandial Effect on Human Antioxidant Potential. An Open-Label Study in Healthy Subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 29171157 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To assess bioavailability of terpenes in human plasma and their effect on oxidative stress biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS In this open-label and single arm postprandial trial, seventeen healthy male volunteers (20-40 years old) follow a low-phytochemical diet for 5 days. Next, after overnight fasting, volunteers consume Mastiha powder (a natural resin rich in terpenes) dispersed in water. Blood samples are collected on time points 0 h (before ingestion) and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h (post-ingestion). Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography high-resolution MS (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) is applied for high throughput analysis of plasma. Serum resistance to oxidation and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels are measured. UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis shows that major terpenes are bioavailable since 0.5 h after administration, reaching a peak between 2 h and 4 h. Serum resistance to oxidation, expressed as difference of tLAG (time point-0 h), starts to increase from 0.5 h. This increase reaches statistical significance at 4 h (402.3 ± 65.0 s), peaks at 6 h (524.6 ± 62.9 s), and remains statistically significant until 24 h (424.2 ± 48.0 s). oxLDL levels, expressed as %change from 0 h, are reduced significantly from time point-1 h until time point-6 h. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate the terpene bioavailability pattern after oral administration of Mastiha. Terpenes are potential mediators of antioxidant defense in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Papada
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University Athens, Greece
| | - Aristea Gioxari
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University Athens, Greece
| | - Vincent Brieudes
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampia Amerikanou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Andriana C Kaliora
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University Athens, Greece
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Gutiérrez-Morales A, Velázquez-Ordoñez V, Khusro A, Salem AZM, Estrada-Zúñiga ME, Salem MZM, Valladares-Carranza B, Burrola-Aguilar C. Anti-staphylococcal properties of Eichhornia crassipes, Pistacia vera, and Ziziphus amole leaf extracts: Isolates from cattle and rabbits. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:181-189. [PMID: 29066382 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The desideratum aim of the present context was to assess the biopotency of methanolic extracts of Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes), Pistacia vera (P. vera), and Ziziphus amole (Z. amole) leaves against various staphylococcal strains, and to quantify the phenolics as well as saponin content in them. The antibacterial activity of various concentrations (62.5-1000 μg/mL) of plant extracts was tested against control clinical strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 29213, and S. aureus ATCC 43300), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA1 and MRSA2), oxacillin sensitive S. aureus (SOSA1 and SOSA2), and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis (CoNS1, CoNS2, and CoNS3) using disc diffusion assay. Leaf extracts of the three plants exhibited pronounced growth inhibitory characteristics against staphylococci in a dose dependent manner. E. crassipes extract depicted the highest relative percentage inhibition values against control clinical strains (68.6 ± 0.5%), while P. vera (68.6 ± 0.3%) and Z. amole (74.79 ± 0.3%) extracts showed pronounced relative inhibition values against staphylococcal strains isolated from cattle. Total phenols and saponin content of leaf extracts were investigated by standard in vitro methods. The methanolic extracts of these plants were found to comprise substantial content of phenolics and saponin at varying levels. The highest value of phenolics was estimated in P. vera extract (60.0 ± 1.3 mg gallic acid/g extract), followed by Z. amole (33.6 ± 1.4 mg gallic acid/g extract), and E. crassipes (23.0 ± 1.3 mg gallic acid/g extract). Saponin content for P. vera, Z. amole, and E. crassipes extracts were estimated as 41.0 ± 1.3, 35.8 ± 1.3, and 25.0 ± 1.2 mg diosgenin/g extract, respectively. The outcome of this study suggested the exploitation of methanolic extract of P. vera, Z. amole, and E. crassipes leaves for their possible application in ethnomedicine, particularly as drugs preparation against staphylococcal infections. In conclusion, the study indicates the biopotency of these plants against pathogenic MRSA present in cattle, and SOSA as well as CoNS bacteria present in rabbits, which could be a serious issue for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gutiérrez-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Valente Velázquez-Ordoñez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai-600034, India
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
| | | | - Mohamed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Benjamin Valladares-Carranza
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Cristina Burrola-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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Koychev S, Dommisch H, Chen H, Pischon N. Antimicrobial Effects of Mastic Extract Against Oral and Periodontal Pathogens. J Periodontol 2017; 88:511-517. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.150691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefka Koychev
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nicole Pischon
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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A simple and reliable analytical method based on HPLC–UV to determine oleanonic acid content in Chios gum mastic for quality control. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:49-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Andreadou I, Mitakou S, Paraschos S, Efentakis P, Magiatis P, Kaklamanis L, Halabalaki M, Skaltsounis L, Iliodromitis EK. "Pistacia lentiscus L." reduces the infarct size in normal fed anesthetized rabbits and possess antiatheromatic and hypolipidemic activity in cholesterol fed rabbits. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1220-1226. [PMID: 27316396 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vivo the potential anti-ischemic and antiatheromatic activity of Chios Mastic gum, the resin of the trunk and branches of "Pistacia lentiscus var. chia", used since antiquity in traditional Greek medicine. The main compounds of mastic are triterpenes, possessing phytosterol-like structures. This led to the hypothesis that mastic and particularly its neutral fraction, enriched in phytosterol-like compounds, possess antiatheromatic activities. METHODS Total Mastic Extract without Polymer (TMEWP) and the neutral mastic fraction (NMF) were administered orally for 6 weeks to normal fed and to cholesterol fed rabbits in the form of sunflower oil solution. All the animals were randomly divided into 6 groups, anesthetized and subjected to 30min ischemia of the heart, followed by 3h reperfusion: At the end of the experiment the area at risk and the infarct zone were determined with the aid of fluorescent particles and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, and small segments of the ascending and descending aorta and the heart were taken for histologic examination. Blood samples were collected at different time points of ischemia and reperfusion, for malondialdehyde (MDA) evaluation as an index of lipid peroxidation, for total and LDL cholesterol determination and for evaluation of oxidized LDL. RESULTS In the normal fed animals the NMF and the TMEWP reduced significantly the infarct size, while in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits both treatments were ineffective. Atherosclerosis was detected in all the animals fed cholesterol enriched diet in the form of subintimal accumulation of lipids and foamy macrophages. There was no detection of atherosclerosis in Groups treated with TMEWP and NMF, which both reduced the total cholesterol levels by 47 and 88% respectively, whilst had not effect on LDL oxidation. TMEWP and NMF reduced the MDA concentration in normal fed rabbits, but had no effect on MDA levels in cholesterol fed animals. TMEWP and NMPF reduce the infarct size in normal animals and possess significant antiatheromatic and hypolipidemic activities in rabbits fed cholesterol enriched diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Department of Pharmacognocy, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Paraschos
- Department of Pharmacognocy, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Department of Pharmacognocy, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacognocy, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognocy, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- Second University Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, 124 62 Athens, Greece
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An apolar Pistacia lentiscus L. leaf extract: GC-MS metabolic profiling and evaluation of cytotoxicity and apoptosis inducing effects on SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2)C cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 95:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Naouar MS, Mekki LZ, Charfi L, Boubaker J, Filali A. Preventive and curative effect of Pistacia lentiscus oil in experimental colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:577-583. [PMID: 27459113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the Pistacia lentiscus oil in experimental colitis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colitis was induced in male rats by instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in all groups. The experimental groups consisted of: 5 rats received Lentisc oil 2months before colitis induction (preventive group), 5 rats received the oil on the day of colitis induction (curative group) and 5 control rats. Lentisc oil was extracted from the ripe fruit of the plant by the cold press method and was analyzed by spectro-chromatography. Lentisc oil has been inserted with a standard diet at the dose of 30mg oil/100g of food/rat. RESULTS The lentisc oil sample is composed mainly by Oleic acid (47.96%), Palmitic acid (27.94%) and Linoleic acid (20.22%).There was a significant difference between control rats and treated rats with lentisc oil concerned body mass (p=0.009), bleeding index (p=0.005 and p=0.018) and diarrhea (p=0.012). Histological examination revealed a clear difference between the control and preventive groups with disappearance of erosion, decreased of cryptitis, irregular crypts and crypt loss in the preventive group. Curative group showed a significant decrease of ulceration, hyperplasia, cryptitis, irregular crypts and crypt loss compared to the control group. There was an attenuation of inflammation in the preventive group compared to the curative group without statistically significant. CONCLUSION Lentisc oil administration could provide a protective effect on intestinal inflammation in colitis rats induced by TNBS mainly when it is administered at a young age in preventive mode. This beneficial effect would involve a modification of arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa S Naouar
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Laboratoire de physiologie, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Zouiten Mekki
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Laboratoire de physiologie, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia; Hôpital La Rabta, Service de gastroenterology, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Lamia Charfi
- Institut National de Cancérologie Salah Azaiez de Tunis, Servie d'Anatomie Pathologique, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jalel Boubaker
- Hôpital La Rabta, Service de gastroenterology, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Azza Filali
- Hôpital La Rabta, Service de gastroenterology, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
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Mahmoudvand H, Kheirandish F, Dezaki ES, Shamsaddini S, Harandi MF. Chemical composition, efficacy and safety of Pistacia vera (var. Fandoghi) to inactivate protoscoleces during hydatid cyst surgery. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:393-8. [PMID: 27470377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, various scolicidal agents have been used for inactivation of protoscoleces during hydatid cyst surgery, however, they are associated with serious adverse side effects including sclerosing colangititis (biliary tract fibrosis), liver necrosis and methaemoglobinaemia. This investigation was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro scolicidal effects of Pistacia vera (var. Fandoghi) essential oil against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts and also its toxicity in mice model. The components of the P. vera essential oil were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis. Protoscoleces were aseptically aspirated from sheep livers having hydatid cysts. Various concentrations of the essential oil (25-200μl/mL) were used for 5-30min. Viability of protoscoleces was confirmed using eosin exclusion test (0.1% eosin staining). In addition, forty male NIH mice were used to determine the acute and sub-acute toxicity of P. vera essential oil for 2 and 14 days, respectively. The main components of P. vera essential oil were limonene (26.21%), α-pinene (18.07%), α-thujene (9.31%) and α-terpinolene (9.28%). Findings of the present study demonstrated that the P. vera essential oil at the concentrations of 100 and 200μl/mL killed 100% protoscoleces after 10 and 5min of exposure, respectively. The LD50 values of intraperitoneal injection of the P. vera essential oil was 2.69ml/kg body weight, and the maximum nonfatal doses were 1.94ml/kg body weight. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the clinical chemistry and hematological parameters following oral administrations of P. vera essential oil at the doses 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4ml/kg for 14 days. The obtained findings demonstrated new chemical composition and promising scolicidal activity of the P. vera with no significant toxicity which might be used as a natural scolicidal agent in hydatid cyst surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Saedi Dezaki
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shamsaddini
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran.
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Mehenni C, Atmani-Kilani D, Dumarçay S, Perrin D, Gérardin P, Atmani D. Hepatoprotective and antidiabetic effects of Pistacia lentiscus leaf and fruit extracts. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:653-669. [PMID: 28911573 PMCID: PMC9336671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae) is commonly used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of extracts of P. lentiscus leaves (PL) and fruits (PF) against experimentally induced liver damage. Furthermore, characterization of extracts was attempted by a spectroscopic methodology (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection analysis. A hepatoprotective potential against paracetamol [165 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] toxicity was noticed in mice pretreated with the same dose of PL or PF extract (125 mg/kg b.w.) or a combination of both (PL/PF 63/63 mg/kg b.w.), as revealed by an analysis of biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities and total bilirubin). These results were confirmed by histological examination of the liver, which revealed significant protection against paracetamol-induced hepatic necrosis. Furthermore, PF extract exhibited a promising antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, similar to the reference drug glibenclamide (0.91 g/L), a result confirmed by in vitro inhibition of α-amylase. We demonstrated that the leaf crude extract showed the best effect in all tested methods, compared to its fruit counterpart, probably due to the presence of higher amounts of phenolic compounds, as determined by phytochemical and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection led to the identification of six compounds for each part of the plant. Gallic acid, a characteristic compound of Pistacia species, was most abundant in leaves and fruits, while luteolin was detected for the first time in fruits. Obtained activities of P. lentiscus extracts may well be due, at least in part, to the presence of the above compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafiaâ Mehenni
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Dina Atmani-Kilani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Stéphane Dumarçay
- Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois - IFR 110, Nancy-Université, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Dominique Perrin
- Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois - IFR 110, Nancy-Université, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Gérardin
- Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois - IFR 110, Nancy-Université, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Djebbar Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria.
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Phytochemical, organoleptic and ferric reducing properties of essential oil and ethanolic extract from Pistacia lentiscus (L.). ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)61035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Mahmoudi MJ, Saboor-Yaraghi AA, Zabetian-Targhi F, Siassi F, Zarnani AH, Eshraghian MR, Shokri F, Rezaei N, Kalikias Y, Mahmoudi M. Vitamin A Decreases Cytotoxicity of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Patients with Atherosclerosis. Immunol Invest 2015; 45:52-62. [PMID: 26700065 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1095208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is implicated in initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Previously, we found that ox-LDL increases vulnerability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in atherosclerotic patients compared to controls. Vitamin A induces proliferation of PBMCs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin A supplementation on PBMC survival against LDL and different doses of ox-LDL. METHOD In this double-blind placebo-controlled trial, we recruited 35 atherosclerotic patients and 38 healthy controls and randomly allocated them into placebo and vitamin A groups, which received either placebo or 25,000 IU/day of vitamin A for 3 months. PBMCs were isolated, cultured, and stimulated by 1 µg/mL LDL as well as 1 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL ox-LDL. The stimulation indexes (SIs) of PBMCs were calculated to identify cell viability. Additionally, the circulating ox-LDL levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Viability of PBMCs stimulated by 50 µg/mL ox-LDL significantly increased following vitamin A supplementation in patients (p < 0.01). The levels of circulating ox-LDL were not changed by vitamin A treatment. Ox-LDL levels were strongly and positively correlated to SI of PBMCs stimulated by 1 µg/mL LDL and1 µg/mL ox-LDL in all groups. CONCLUSION Vitamin A decreases cytotoxicity of high-dose ox-LDL and improves PBMC viability. The protective effect of vitamin A is not mediated by an antioxidative mechanism, but may instead have been due to intracellular protection of the apoptotic machinery or induction of proliferation of the cells. Higher levels of ox-LDL increase PBMC irritability in all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafar Mahmoudi
- a Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- b Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fateme Zabetian-Targhi
- b Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fereydoon Siassi
- c Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir Hassan Zarnani
- d Nanobiotechnology Research Center , Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran , Iran.,e Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eshraghian
- f Department of Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- g Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- h Molecular Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,i Research Group for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Yas Kalikias
- b Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- b Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Georgiadis I, Karatzas T, Korou LM, Katsilambros N, Perrea D. Beneficial health effects of Chios Gum Mastic and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: indications of common mechanisms. J Med Food 2015; 18:1-10. [PMID: 25133901 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, Chios Gum Mastic (CGM), the resin produced by the trunk of Pistachia lentiscus var Chia, has been used for culinary and medicinal purposes and several therapeutic properties have been attributed to it. CGM has been used in traditional medicine of various nations in the eastern Mediterranean area. This survey was carried out to identify biological mechanisms that could explain traditional usage and recent pharmacological findings. We reviewed the related scientific literature available from the NCBI PUBMED database on CGM studies and on natural products showing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist effects. We investigated whether CGM qualifies as a PPAR modulator. A large number of studies demonstrate that CGM has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and anticancer properties. Recently, the first evidence of CGM antidiabetic effect became known. CGM chemical composition has been extensively analyzed and the presence of several compounds, especially triterpenoids is well documented. Some of them, oleanonic acid, oleanolic acid, and gallic acid are considered to act as PPAR modulators. PPARs are nuclear receptors functioning as transcription factors and thereby controlling cellular functions at the level of gene expression. PPARs are involved in the pathways of significant diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, inflammation, atheromatosis, and neoplasias, constituting a key target for pharmacological interventions. This article proposes that the synergistic action of some constituents of CGM on PPARs and more precisely on both PPARs isotypes-α and -γ, may be one of the major biological mechanisms via which CGM exerts its multiple effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Georgiadis
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Athens School of Medicine, University of Athens , Athens, Greece
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Kartalis A, Didagelos M, Georgiadis I, Benetos G, Smyrnioudis N, Marmaras H, Voutas P, Zotika C, Garoufalis S, Andrikopoulos G. Effects of Chios mastic gum on cholesterol and glucose levels of healthy volunteers: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study (CHIOS-MASTIHA). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2015; 23:722-9. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487315603186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georgios Benetos
- Cardiology Department, ‘Skylitseio’ General Hospital of Chios, Greece
| | | | | | - Petros Voutas
- Cardiology Department, ‘Skylitseio’ General Hospital of Chios, Greece
| | - Christina Zotika
- Cardiology Department, ‘Skylitseio’ General Hospital of Chios, Greece
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Klibet F, Boumendjel A, Khiari M, El Feki A, Abdennour C, Messarah M. Oxidative stress-related liver dysfunction by sodium arsenite: Alleviation by Pistacia lentiscus oil. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:354-363. [PMID: 25946016 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1043562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae) is an evergreen shrub widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean region. Pistacia lentiscus oil (PLo) was particularly known in North African traditional medicine. Thus, people of these regions have used it externally to treat sore throats, burns and wounds, as well as they employed it internally for respiratory allergies. PLo is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamin E and polyphenols. As a very active site of metabolism, liver is reported to be susceptible to arsenic (As) intoxication. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the protective effect of PLo against sodium arsenite-induced hepatic dysfunction and oxidative stress in experimental Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight rats were equally divided into four groups; the first served as a control, the remaining groups were respectively treated with PLo (3.3 mL/kg body weight), sodium arsenite (5.55 mg/kg body weight) and a combination of sodium arsenite and PLo. After 21 consecutive days, cellular functions were evaluated by hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress markers. RESULTS A significant decrease in the levels of red blood cells, haemoglobin (p ≤ 0.001), hematocrit (p ≤ 0.001), reduced glutathione and metallothionein (p ≤ 0.05) associated with a significant increase of malondialdehyde (p ≤ 0.001) were noticed in the arsenic-exposed group when compared to the control. The As-treated group also exhibited an increase in hepatic antioxidant enzymes namely superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (p ≤ 0.01) and catalase (p ≤ 0.05). However, the co-administration of PLo has relatively reduced arsenic effect. CONCLUSION The results showed that arsenic intoxication disturbed the liver pro-oxidant/antioxidant status. PLo co-administration mitigates arsenic-induced oxidative damage in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Klibet
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology , and
| | - Amel Boumendjel
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology , and
| | - Mohamed Khiari
- b Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences , University of Badji Mokhtar , Annaba , Algeria
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- c Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences , Sfax , Tunisia , and
| | - Cherif Abdennour
- d Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar , Annaba , Algeria
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Remila S, Atmani-Kilani D, Delemasure S, Connat JL, Azib L, Richard T, Atmani D. Antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae) leaf and fruit extracts. Eur J Integr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hashemnia M, Nikousefat Z, Yazdani-Rostam M. Antidiabetic effect of Pistacia atlantica and Amygdalus scoparia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-015-2068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hadjimbei E, Botsaris G, Goulas V, Gekas V. Health-Promoting Effects ofPistaciaResins: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Potential Applications in the Food Industry. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2014.938350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Foddai M, Kasabri V, Afifi FU, Azara E, Petretto GL, Pintore G. In vitro inhibitory effects of SardinianPistacia lentiscusL. andPistacia terebinthusL. on metabolic enzymes: Pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. STARCH-STARKE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Foddai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Violet Kasabri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy; The University of Jordan; Amman Jordan
| | - Fatma U. Afifi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Jordan; Amman Jordan
| | - Emanuela Azara
- National Research Center; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry; Sassari Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Pintore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
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Djerrou Z. Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Pistacia lentiscus fatty oil in egg yolk-fed rabbits: a comparative study with simvastatin. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:561-6. [PMID: 25156280 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The current study was undertaken to assess anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Pistacia lentiscus fatty oil (PLFO) in rabbits following a hyperlipidemic diet. METHOD Twenty healthy female (WNZ) rabbits were divided into four groups of five animals each: (a) normal control (NC group) receiving standard diet, (b) hyperlipidemic control (EY) group receiving standard diet and gavaged daily with egg yolk (10 mL), (c) hyperlipidemic + PLFO (EY + PLFO) group receiving as the EY group and treated daily with PLFO (2 mL/kg BW, (d) hyperlipidemic + simvastatin (EY + SVS) group receiving as the EY group and treated once daily with 2.5 mg/kg BW of simvastatin. At the end of the six-week experimental period, the lipidemic profiles of the different groups were investigated. RESULTS In the EY group, the egg yolk resulted in a significant increase of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Both the EY + PLFO and EY + SVS groups, when compared to the EY group, showed a significant decrease of TC, TG, LDL-C, and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. However, with respect to HDL-C the differences were not significant. The TGs were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the simvastatin-treated group when compared to rabbits treated in the PLFO group. CONCLUSION The study concludes that P. lentiscus fatty oil (PLFO) possesses anti-hyperlipidemic properties at least in reducing total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouhir Djerrou
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Mentouri Constantine University, Algeria.
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Kaliora AC, Artemiou A, Giogios I, Kalogeropoulos N. The impact of fruit maturation on bioactive microconstituents, inhibition of serum oxidation and inflammatory markers in stimulated PBMCs and sensory characteristics of Koroneiki virgin olive oils from Messenia, Greece. Food Funct 2014; 4:1185-94. [PMID: 23727843 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Olive fruits from the Koroneiki cultivar (Olea europaea L.) grown in Messenia, Greece, were hand-picked from the same trees in progressive maturity stages, covering three months, and processed identically with a commercial olive mill and a three-phase decanter. Data on quality parameters, and antioxidant activity of the obtained oils were collected by employing the conventional analytical methods set by European Union Commission Regulation no. 61/2011. Additionally, the potential of oils' polar extract to inhibit total serum lipid oxidation and inflammatory markers in stimulated human mononuclear cells was assayed. The results showed that ripening caused an increase in monounsaturated and decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as an increase in phenolic compounds - mainly hydroxytyrosol - and in squalene. The extracts' ferric reducing power was in line with the increase of phenolic compounds. In later stages of maturation, lipoprotein oxidation was less potent and the decrease of inflammatory markers in stimulated human mononuclear cells was more powerful. Sensory evaluation detected differences in oils' "bitter" attributes, while the analysis of oils' volatiles revealed quantitative differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana C Kaliora
- Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str., 17671 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
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