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Zhang B, Jiang X. Magnetic Nanoparticles Mediated Thrombolysis-A Review. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 4:109-132. [PMID: 38111792 PMCID: PMC10727495 DOI: 10.1109/ojnano.2023.3273921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles containing thrombolytic medicines have been developed for thrombolysis applications in response to the increasing demand for effective, targeted treatment of thrombosis disease. In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in nanoparticles that can be navigated and driven by a magnetic field. However, there are few review publications concerning the application of magnetic nanoparticles in thrombolysis. In this study, we examine the current state of magnetic nanoparticles in the application of in vitro and in vivo thrombolysis under a static or dynamic magnetic field, as well as the combination of magnetic nanoparticles with an acoustic field for dual-mode thrombolysis. We also discuss four primary processes of magnetic nanoparticles mediated thrombolysis, including magnetic nanoparticle targeting, magnetic nanoparticle trapping, magnetic drug release, and magnetic rupture of blood clot fibrin networks. This review will offer unique insights for the future study and clinical development of magnetic nanoparticles mediated thrombolysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohua Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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2
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Rittase WB, Slaven JE, Suzuki YJ, Muir JM, Lee SH, Rusnak M, Brehm GV, Bradfield DT, Symes AJ, Day RM. Iron Deposition and Ferroptosis in the Spleen in a Murine Model of Acute Radiation Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911029. [PMID: 36232330 PMCID: PMC9570444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Total body irradiation (TBI) can result in death associated with hematopoietic insufficiency. Although radiation causes apoptosis of white blood cells, red blood cells (RBC) undergo hemolysis due to hemoglobin denaturation. RBC lysis post-irradiation results in the release of iron into the plasma, producing a secondary toxic event. We investigated radiation-induced iron in the spleens of mice following TBI and the effects of the radiation mitigator captopril. RBC and hematocrit were reduced ~7 days (nadir ~14 days) post-TBI. Prussian blue staining revealed increased splenic Fe3+ and altered expression of iron binding and transport proteins, determined by qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Captopril did not affect iron deposition in the spleen or modulate iron-binding proteins. Caspase-3 was activated after ~7–14 days, indicating apoptosis had occurred. We also identified markers of iron-dependent apoptosis known as ferroptosis. The p21/Waf1 accelerated senescence marker was not upregulated. Macrophage inflammation is an effect of TBI. We investigated the effects of radiation and Fe3+ on the J774A.1 murine macrophage cell line. Radiation induced p21/Waf1 and ferritin, but not caspase-3, after ~24 h. Radiation ± iron upregulated several markers of pro-inflammatory M1 polarization; radiation with iron also upregulated a marker of anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. Our data indicate that following TBI, iron accumulates in the spleen where it regulates iron-binding proteins and triggers apoptosis and possible ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Bradley Rittase
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John E. Slaven
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yuichiro J. Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Jeannie M. Muir
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Milan Rusnak
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Grace V. Brehm
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dmitry T. Bradfield
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Aviva J. Symes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Regina M. Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-295-3236; Fax: +1-301-295-3220
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Segers FME, Ruder AV, Westra MM, Lammers T, Dadfar SM, Roemhild K, Lam TS, Kooi ME, Cleutjens KBJM, Verheyen FK, Schurink GWH, Haenen GR, van Berkel TJC, Bot I, Halvorsen B, Sluimer JC, Biessen EAL. Magnetic resonance imaging contrast-enhancement with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles amplifies macrophage foam cell apoptosis in human and murine atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:3346-3359. [PMID: 35325057 PMCID: PMC9847560 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS (Ultra) Small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, (U)SPIO, are widely used as magnetic resonance imaging contrast media and assumed to be safe for clinical applications in cardiovascular disease. As safety tests largely relied on normolipidaemic models, not fully representative of the clinical setting, we investigated the impact of (U)SPIOs on disease-relevant endpoints in hyperlipidaemic models of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS RAW264.7 foam cells, exposed in vitro to ferumoxide (dextran-coated SPIO), ferumoxtran (dextran-coated USPIO), or ferumoxytol [carboxymethyl (CM) dextran-coated USPIO] (all 1 mg Fe/mL) showed increased apoptosis and reactive oxygen species accumulation for ferumoxide and ferumoxtran, whereas ferumoxytol was tolerated well. Pro-apoptotic (TUNEL+) and pro-oxidant activity of ferumoxide (0.3 mg Fe/kg) and ferumoxtran (1 mg Fe/kg) were confirmed in plaque, spleen, and liver of hyperlipidaemic ApoE-/- (n = 9/group) and LDLR-/- (n = 9-16/group) mice that had received single IV injections compared with saline-treated controls. Again, ferumoxytol treatment (1 mg Fe/kg) failed to induce apoptosis or oxidative stress in these tissues. Concomitant antioxidant treatment (EUK-8/EUK-134) largely prevented these effects in vitro (-68%, P < 0.05) and in plaques from LDLR-/- mice (-60%, P < 0.001, n = 8/group). Repeated ferumoxtran injections of LDLR-/- mice with pre-existing atherosclerosis enhanced plaque inflammation and apoptosis but did not alter plaque size. Strikingly, carotid artery plaques of endarterectomy patients who received ferumoxtran (2.6 mg Fe/kg) before surgery (n = 9) also showed five-fold increased apoptosis (18.2 vs. 3.7%, respectively; P = 0.004) compared with controls who did not receive ferumoxtran. Mechanistically, neither coating nor particle size seemed accountable for the observed cytotoxicity of ferumoxide and ferumoxtran. CONCLUSIONS Ferumoxide and ferumoxtran, but not ferumoxytol, induced apoptosis of lipid-laden macrophages in human and murine atherosclerosis, potentially impacting disease progression in patients with advanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip M E Segers
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands,Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adele V Ruder
- Department of Pathology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M Westra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Karolin Roemhild
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tin Sing Lam
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Eline Kooi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty B J M Cleutjens
- Department of Pathology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fons K Verheyen
- Molecular Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy (CRISP), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert W H Schurink
- Department of Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guido R Haenen
- Department of Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J C van Berkel
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Corresponding author. Tel: +31 43 3877675; Fax: +31 43 3874613, E-mail: (J.C.S.); E-mail: (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Corresponding author. Tel: +31 43 3877675; Fax: +31 43 3874613, E-mail: (J.C.S.); E-mail: (E.A.L.B.)
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Zhou X, Zhu K, Zhang Y, Ming Y, Shi D, Tan H, Xiang B, Zhu S, Cheng D, Lai H, Wang C, Liu G. CD11b-Based Pre-Targeted SPECT/CT Imaging Allows for the Detection of Inflammation in Aortic Aneurysm. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1921-1933. [PMID: 35321320 PMCID: PMC8935951 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s350593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the feasibility of a pre-targeted imaging strategy based on the cycloaddition between 1,2,4,5-terazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) for evaluating CD11b expression in inflammatory aortic aneurysm (AA) using single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Methods C57BL/6J mice were fed β-aminopropionitrile (1 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks to establish AA models. Anti-CD11b-TCO was synthesized and 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG11-Tz was designed for pre-targeted SPECT/CT. The affinity and specificity of the probe for the inflammatory cell line Raw-264.7 were investigated. Then, anti-CD11b-TCO pre-targeted and 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG11-Tz based SPECT/CT were performed to detect in vivo inflammation in AA. Finally, ex vivo aortic breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI), Western blot assays, and immunohistochemical CD11b staining were performed to confirm the in vivo findings of SPECT/CT. Results In the AA models, 65.22% (15/23) had aortic lesions, including 43.48% (10/23) AA lesions. The anti-CD11b-TCO presented with a high TCO coupling ratio (7.43), and the 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG11-Tz showed high radio-purity (>95%), good in vitro stability and a rapid clearance rate. Additionally, anti-CD11b-TCO and 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG11-Tz presented high click rate (~89%). The in vitro clicked compound, 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG11-Tz/TCO-anti-CD11b, showed high affinity and specificity for Raw-264.7 cells. 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG11-Tz/TCO-anti-CD11b pre-targeting SPECT/CT successfully demonstrated inflammatory AA with a high AA-to-background ratio in AA mice, compared to AA mice that were injected with 99mTc-HYNIC-Tz/TCO-IgG (8.13 versus 3.71, P < 0.001) and control mice injected with 99mTc-HYNIC-Tz/TCO-anti-CD11b (8.13 versus 3.66, P < 0.001). This result was confirmed by ex vivo BSGI performed immediately after SPECT/CT and immunohistochemical CD11b staining. Conclusion SPECT/CT imaging using the anti-CD11b-TCO/Tz-PEG11-HYNIC-99mTc based pre-targeting imaging strategy allows for the detection of inflammation in progressive AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Ming
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dai Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bitao Xiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shichao Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Chunsheng Wang, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 in Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Guobing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guobing Liu, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 in Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8618317086732, Fax +86-21-62489191, Email
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Moulahoum H, Ghorbani Zamani F, Timur S, Zihnioglu F. Metal Binding Antimicrobial Peptides in Nanoparticle Bio-functionalization: New Heights in Drug Delivery and Therapy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:48-63. [PMID: 31001788 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are considered very important due to the diversity expressed through their amino acid sequence, structure variation, large spectrum, and their essential role in biological systems. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) emerged as a potent tool in therapy owing to their antimicrobial properties but also their ability to trespass the membranes, specificity, and low toxicity. They comprise a variety of peptides from which specific amino acid-rich peptides are of interest to the current review due to their features in metal interaction and cell penetration. Histidine-rich peptides such as Histatins belong to the metal binding salivary residing peptides with efficient antibacterial, antifungal, and wound-healing activities. Furthermore, their ability to activate in acidic environment attracted the attention to their potential in therapy. The current review covers the current knowledge about AMPs and critically assess the potential of associating with metal ions both structurally and functionally. This review provides interesting hints for the advantages provided by AMPs and metal ions in biomedicine, making use of their direct properties in brain diseases therapy or in the creation of new bio-functionalized nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Faezeh Ghorbani Zamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Bednarczyk M, Medina-Montano C, Fittler FJ, Stege H, Roskamp M, Kuske M, Langer C, Vahldieck M, Montermann E, Tubbe I, Röhrig N, Dzionek A, Grabbe S, Bros M. Complement-Opsonized Nano-Carriers Are Bound by Dendritic Cells (DC) via Complement Receptor (CR)3, and by B Cell Subpopulations via CR-1/2, and Affect the Activation of DC and B-1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2869. [PMID: 33799879 PMCID: PMC8001596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of nanocarriers (NC) for biomedical applications has gained large interest due to their potential to co-deliver drugs in a cell-type-targeting manner. However, depending on their surface characteristics, NC accumulate serum factors, termed protein corona, which may affect their cellular binding. We have previously shown that NC coated with carbohydrates to enable biocompatibility triggered the lectin-dependent complement pathway, resulting in enhanced binding to B cells via complement receptor (CR)1/2. Here we show that such NC also engaged all types of splenic leukocytes known to express CR3 at a high rate when NC were pre-incubated with native mouse serum resulting in complement opsonization. By focusing on dendritic cells (DC) as an important antigen-presenting cell type, we show that CR3 was essential for binding/uptake of complement-opsonized NC, whereas CR4, which in mouse is specifically expressed by DC, played no role. Further, a minor B cell subpopulation (B-1), which is important for first-line pathogen responses, and co-expressed CR1/2 and CR3, in general, engaged NC to a much higher extent than normal B cells. Here, we identified CR-1/2 as necessary for binding of complement-opsonized NC, whereas CR3 was dispensable. Interestingly, the binding of complement-opsonized NC to both DC and B-1 cells affected the expression of activation markers. Our findings may have important implications for the design of nano-vaccines against infectious diseases, which codeliver pathogen-specific protein antigen and adjuvant, aimed to induce a broad adaptive cellular and humoral immune response by inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes that kill infected cells and pathogen-neutralizing antibodies, respectively. Decoration of nano-vaccines either with carbohydrates to trigger complement activation in vivo or with active complement may result in concomitant targeting of DC and B cells and thereby may strongly enhance the extent of dual cellular/humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bednarczyk
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (C.M.-M.); (F.J.F.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (N.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Carolina Medina-Montano
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (C.M.-M.); (F.J.F.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (N.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Frederic Julien Fittler
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (C.M.-M.); (F.J.F.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (N.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Henner Stege
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (C.M.-M.); (F.J.F.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (N.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Meike Roskamp
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany; (M.R.); (C.L.); (M.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Michael Kuske
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (C.M.-M.); (F.J.F.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (N.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Christian Langer
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany; (M.R.); (C.L.); (M.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Marco Vahldieck
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany; (M.R.); (C.L.); (M.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Evelyn Montermann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (C.M.-M.); (F.J.F.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (N.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Ingrid Tubbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (C.M.-M.); (F.J.F.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (N.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Nadine Röhrig
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (C.M.-M.); (F.J.F.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (N.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Andrzej Dzionek
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany; (M.R.); (C.L.); (M.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (C.M.-M.); (F.J.F.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (N.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (C.M.-M.); (F.J.F.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (N.R.); (S.G.)
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Zhuang L, Kong Y, Yang S, Lu F, Gong Z, Zhan S, Liu M. Dynamic changes of inflammation and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury in mice investigated by ferumoxytol‑enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:282. [PMID: 33604682 PMCID: PMC7905325 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response and apoptosis are key factors in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The severity of the inflammatory reaction and apoptosis has an important impact on the prognosis of stroke. The ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particle has provided an effective magnetic resonance molecular imaging method for dynamic observation of the cell infiltration process in vivo. The aims of the present study were to investigate the inflammatory response of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice using ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and to observe the dynamic changes of inflammatory response and apoptosis. In the present study a C57BL/6n mouse cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by blocking the right middle cerebral artery with an occluding suture. Subsequently, the mice were injected with ferumoxytol via the tail vein, and magnetic resonance scanning was performed at corresponding time points to observe the signal changes. Furthermore, blood samples were used to measure the level of serum inflammatory factors, and histological staining was performed to assess the number of iron-swallowing microglial cells and apoptotic cells. The present results suggested that there was no significant difference in the serum inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1β between the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and MCAO + ferumoxytol groups injected with ferumoxytol and physiological saline. The lowest signal ratio in the negative enhancement region was decreased 24 h after reperfusion in mice injected with ferumoxytol. The proportion of iron-swallowing microglial cells and TUNEL-positive cells were the highest at 24 h after reperfusion, and decreased gradually at 48 and 72 h after reperfusion. Therefore, the present results indicated that ferumoxytol injection of 18 mg Fe/kg does not affect the inflammatory response in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can be used as an effective means to monitor the inflammatory response in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, it was found that activation of the inflammatory response and apoptosis in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Kong
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Shuohui Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Gong
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Songhua Zhan
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Mengxiao Liu
- MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
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8
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Rittase WB, Muir JM, Slaven JE, Bouten RM, Bylicky MA, Wilkins WL, Day RM. Deposition of Iron in the Bone Marrow of a Murine Model of Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome. Exp Hematol 2020; 84:54-66. [PMID: 32240658 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to high-dose total body irradiation (TBI) can result in hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS), characterized by leukopenia, anemia, and coagulopathy. Death from H-ARS occurs from hematopoietic insufficiency and opportunistic infections. Following radiation exposure, red blood cells (RBCs) undergo hemolysis from radiation-induced hemoglobin denaturation, causing the release of iron. Free iron can have multiple detrimental biological effects, including suppression of hematopoiesis. We investigated the impact of radiation-induced iron release on the bone marrow following TBI and the potential impact of the ACE inhibitor captopril, which improves survival from H-ARS. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 7.9 Gy, 60Co irradiation, 0.6 Gy/min (LD70-90/30). RBCs and reticulocytes were significantly reduced within 7 days of TBI, with the RBC nadir at 14-21 days. Iron accumulation in the bone marrow correlated with the time course of RBC hemolysis, with an ∼10-fold increase in bone marrow iron at 14-21 days post-irradiation, primarily within the cytoplasm of macrophages. Iron accumulation in the bone marrow was associated with increased expression of genes for iron binding and transport proteins, including transferrin, transferrin receptor 1, ferroportin, and integrin αMβ2. Expression of the gene encoding Nrf2, a transcription factor activated by oxidative stress, also increased at 21 days post-irradiation. Captopril did not alter iron accumulation in the bone marrow or expression of iron storage genes, but did suppress Nrf2 expression. Our study suggests that following TBI, iron is deposited in tissues not normally associated with iron storage, which may be a secondary mechanism of radiation-induced tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bradley Rittase
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeannie M Muir
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - John E Slaven
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Roxane M Bouten
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michelle A Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD
| | - W Louis Wilkins
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Regina M Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
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9
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Lee SH, Park OK, Kim J, Shin K, Pack CG, Kim K, Ko G, Lee N, Kwon SH, Hyeon T. Deep Tumor Penetration of Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles by Click Reaction-Assisted Immune Cell Targeting Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13829-13840. [PMID: 31382746 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been extensively used to deliver therapeutic drugs to tumor tissues through the extravasation of a leaky vessel via enhanced permeation and retention effect (EPR, passive targeting) or targeted interaction of tumor-specific ligands (active targeting). However, the therapeutic efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles is hampered by its heterogeneous distribution owing to limited penetration in tumor tissue. Inspired by the fact that cancer cells can recruit inflammatory immune cells to support their survival, we developed a click reaction-assisted immune cell targeting (CRAIT) strategy to deliver drug-loaded nanoparticles deep into the avascular regions of the tumor. Immune cell-targeting CD11b antibodies are modified with trans-cyclooctene to enable bioorthogonal click chemistry with mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with tetrazines (MSNs-Tz). Sequential injection of modified antibodies and MSNs-Tz at intervals of 24 h results in targeted conjugation of the nanoparticles onto CD11b+ myeloid cells, which serve as active vectors into tumor interiors. We show that the CRAIT strategy allows the deep tumor penetration of drug-loaded nanoparticles, resulting in enhanced therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor model. The CRAIT strategy does not require ex vivo manipulation of cells and can be applied to various types of cells and nanovehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hong Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyu Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Shin
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Gi Pack
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Department of Convergence Medicine , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul 05505 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Giho Ko
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nohyun Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering , Kookmin University , Seoul 02707 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Division of Bio-imaging, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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10
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Ikeda H, Ishii A, Sano K, Chihara H, Arai D, Abekura Y, Nishi H, Ono M, Saji H, Miyamoto S. Activatable fluorescence imaging of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques using iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with indocyanine green. Atherosclerosis 2018; 275:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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11
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Figueiredo Borgognoni C, Kim JH, Zucolotto V, Fuchs H, Riehemann K. Human macrophage responses to metal-oxide nanoparticles: a review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:694-703. [PMID: 29726285 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1468767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been widely used in our daily lives in medicine, cosmetics, paints, textiles and food products. Many studies aim to determine their biological effects in different types of cells. The interaction of these materials with the immune system leads to reactions by modifying the susceptibility or resistance of the host body which could induce adverse health effects. Macrophages, as specific cells of the innate immune response, play a crucial role in the human defence system to foreign agents. They can be used as a reliable test object for the investigation of immune responses under nanomaterials exposure displayed by expression of a variety of receptors and active secretion of key signalling substances for these processes. This report covers studies of human macrophage behaviours upon exposure of nanomaterials. We focused on their interaction with metal-oxide nanoparticles as these are largely used in medical and cosmetics applications. The discussion and summary of these studies can guide the development of new nanomaterials, which are, at the same time, safe and useful for new purposes, especially for health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Figueiredo Borgognoni
- a Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) , Münster , Germany.,b Physics Institute , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Carlos , Brazil
| | - Joo Hyoung Kim
- a Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) , Münster , Germany.,c Institute of Physics , University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | | | - Harald Fuchs
- a Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) , Münster , Germany.,c Institute of Physics , University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Kristina Riehemann
- a Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) , Münster , Germany.,c Institute of Physics , University of Münster , Münster , Germany
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12
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Martinez JO, Molinaro R, Hartman KA, Boada C, Sukhovershin R, De Rosa E, Kuri D, Zhang S, Evangelopoulos M, Carter AM, Bibb JA, Cooke JP, Tasciotti E. Biomimetic nanoparticles with enhanced affinity towards activated endothelium as versatile tools for theranostic drug delivery. Theranostics 2018; 8:1131-1145. [PMID: 29464004 PMCID: PMC5817115 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the vascular endothelium is characterized by increased expression of vascular adhesion molecules and chemokines. This activation occurs early in the progression of several diseases and triggers the recruitment of leukocytes. Inspired by the tropism of leukocytes, we investigated leukocyte-based biomimetic nanoparticles (i.e., leukosomes) as a novel theranostic platform for inflammatory diseases. Methods: Leukosomes were assembled by combining phospholipids and membrane proteins from leukocytes. For imaging applications, phospholipids modified with rhodamine and gadolinium were used. Leukosomes incubated with antibodies blocking lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) and CD45 were administered to explore their roles in targeting inflammation. In addition, relaxometric assessment of NPs was evaluated. Results: Liposomes and leukosomes were both spherical in shape with sizes ranging from 140-170 nm. Both NPs successfully integrated 8 and 13 µg of rhodamine and gadolinium, respectively, and demonstrated less than 4% variation in physicochemical features. Leukosomes demonstrated a 16-fold increase in breast tumor accumulation relative to liposomes. Furthermore, quantification of leukosomes in tumor vessels demonstrated a 4.5-fold increase in vessel lumens and a 14-fold increase in vessel walls. Investigating the targeting mechanism of action revealed that blockage of LFA-1 on leukosomes resulted in a 95% decrease in tumor accumulation. Whereas blockage of CD45 yielded a 60% decrease in targeting and significant increases in liver and spleen accumulation. In addition, when administered in mice with atherosclerotic plaques, leukosomes exhibited a 4-fold increase in the targeting of inflammatory vascular lesions. Lastly, relaxometric assessment of NPs demonstrated that the incorporation of membrane proteins into leukosomes did not impact the r1 and r2 relaxivities of the NPs, demonstrating 6 and 30 mM-1s-1, respectively. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the ability of leukosomes to target activated vasculature and exhibit superior accumulation in tumors and vascular lesions. The versatility of the phospholipid backbone within leukosomes permits the incorporation of various contrast agents. Furthermore, leukosomes can potentially be loaded with therapeutics possessing diverse physical properties and thus warrant further investigation toward the development of powerful theranostic agents.
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13
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Bode C, von zur Mühlen C. MRI, the technology for imaging of thrombi and inflammation. Hamostaseologie 2017; 35:252-62. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-11-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryAtherosclerosis and its sequelae have a major impact on morbidity and mortality. The rupture of an inflamed atherosclerotic plaque is a crucial event, since it can result in acute thrombotic closure of an arterial vessel, resulting e. g. in myocardial infarction or stroke. Not only detection of early plaque rupture with imminent closure is therefore of clinical interest, but also timely detection of vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque progression. However, plaque inflammation or even plaque rupture without vessel occlusion is not reliably detectable by current imaging techniques. Coronary angiography is the gold standard for evaluation of the coronary vessels, but only allows visualization of the vessel lumen without characterizing the important pathophysiology of the vessel wall. Therefore, highly inflamed and rupture prone plaques can be missed, or appear as a minor vessel narrowing. Although currently available techniques such as intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography allow a further characterization of atherosclerotic plaques, it would be desirable to detect plaque inflammation, early plaque rupture or vascular thrombosis by non-invasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), since they could allow early identification of patients at risk or triage of symptomatic patients.In this manuscript, different strategies for detection of vascular inflammation, plaque-rupture and thrombosis by MRI will be discussed, with a special focus on molecular imaging contrast agents.
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14
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Qiao H, Wang Y, Zhang R, Gao Q, Liang X, Gao L, Jiang Z, Qiao R, Han D, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Tian J, Gao M, Cao F. MRI/optical dual-modality imaging of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque with an osteopontin-targeted probe based on Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2016; 112:336-345. [PMID: 27788352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque is the major pathological cause of luminal thrombosis in acute coronary syndromes. Since foamy macrophages have been identified as a prominent component in vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions and osteopontin (OPN) is reported to be highly expressed in foamy macrophages, OPN could be a potential target for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque imaging. The current study designed an OPN-specific MRI/optical dual-modality probe to detect vulnerable plaques. Fluorescence imaging revealed that 24 h after injection of the Cy5.5-OPN-DMSA-MNPs (COD-MNPs), the atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery exhibited significant higher signals in high fat diet (HFD) fed mice in comparison to the group injected with Cy5.5-IgG-DMSA-MNPs (CID-MNPs) or normal diet fed group injected with COD-MNPs (1.87 ± 0.19 × 1010 vs. 0.74 ± 0.04 × 1010, 0.73 ± 0.03 × 1010 p/sec/cm2/sr, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MRI displayed stronger T2 contrast enhancement 24 h post-injection at the area of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid of HFD fed group injected with COD-MNPs than group injected with CID-MNPs or normal diet fed group injected with COD-MNPs (post/pre signal ratio: 0.64 ± 0.04 vs. 0.95 ± 0.02, 0.98 ± 0.01, P < 0.05). As a dual-modality molecular probe, the resulting COD-MNPs conjugates exhibit promising potentials for noninvasive detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Quansheng Gao
- Laboratory of the Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ya Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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15
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Grosse S, Stenvik J, Nilsen AM. Iron oxide nanoparticles modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in primary human monocytes. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4625-4642. [PMID: 27695322 PMCID: PMC5028097 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s113425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-stimulation of the immune system to more than one agent concomitantly is very common in real life, and considering the increasing use of engineered nanoparticles and nanomaterials, it is highly relevant to assess the ability of these materials to modulate key innate immune responses, which has not yet been studied in detail. We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of 10 nm and 30 nm iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on primary human monocytes in the presence and absence of Toll-like receptor 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Prior to the cell studies, we characterized the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles in cell culture medium and ensured that the nanoparticles were free from biological contamination. Cellular uptake of the IONPs in monocytes was assessed using transmission electron microscopy. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we found that the IONPs per se did not induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. However, the IONPs had the ability to suppress LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines in primary human monocytes in an LPS and a particle dose-dependent manner. Using confocal microscopy and fluorescently labeled LPS, we showed that the effects correlated with impaired LPS internalization by monocytes in the presence of IONPs, which could be partly explained by LPS adsorption onto the nanoparticle surface. Additionally, the results from particle pretreatment experiments indicate that other cellular mechanisms might also play a role in the observed effects, which warrants further studies to elucidate the additional mechanisms underlying the capacity of IONPs to alter the reactivity of monocytes to LPS and to mount an appropriate cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Grosse
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine
| | - Jørgen Stenvik
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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16
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Palekar RU, Jallouk AP, Lanza GM, Pan H, Wickline SA. Molecular imaging of atherosclerosis with nanoparticle-based fluorinated MRI contrast agents. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1817-32. [PMID: 26080701 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As atherosclerosis remains one of the most prevalent causes of patient mortality, the ability to diagnose early signs of plaque rupture and thrombosis represents a significant clinical need. With recent advances in nanotechnology, it is now possible to image specific molecular processes noninvasively with MRI, using various types of nanoparticles as contrast agents. In the context of cardiovascular disease, it is possible to specifically deliver contrast agents to an epitope of interest for detecting vascular inflammatory processes, which serve as predecessors to atherosclerotic plaque development. Herein, we review various applications of nanotechnology in detecting atherosclerosis using MRI, with an emphasis on perfluorocarbon nanoparticles and fluorine imaging, along with theranostic prospects of nanotechnology in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohun U Palekar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Whitaker Hall, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Andrew P Jallouk
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Whitaker Hall, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Whitaker Hall, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
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17
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Liu G, Hu Y, Xiao J, Li X, Li Y, Tan H, Zhao Y, Cheng D, Shi H. 99mTc-labelled anti-CD11b SPECT/CT imaging allows detection of plaque destabilization tightly linked to inflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20900. [PMID: 26877097 PMCID: PMC4753504 DOI: 10.1038/srep20900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains challenging to predict the risk of rupture for a specific atherosclerotic plaque timely, a thrombotic trigger tightly linked to inflammation. CD11b, is a biomarker abundant on inflammatory cells, not restricted to monocytes/macrophages. In this study, we fabricated a probe named as 99mTc-MAG3-anti-CD11b for detecting inflamed atherosclerotic plaques with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). The ApoE-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice were selected to establish animal models, with C57BL/6J mice used for control. A higher CD11b+-cell recruitment with higher CD11b expression and more serious whole-body inflammatory status were identified in ApoE−/− mice. The probe showed high in vitro affinity and specificity to the Raw-264.7 macrophages, as well as inflammatory cells infiltrated in atherosclerotic plaques, either in ex vivo fluorescent imaging or in in vivo micro-SPECT/CT imaging, which were confirmed by ex vivo planar gamma imaging, Oil-Red-O staining and CD11b-immunohistochemistry staining. A significant positive relationship was identified between the radioactivity intensity on SPECT/CT images and the CD11b expression in plaques. In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of anti-CD11b antibody mediated noninvasive SPECT/CT imaging of inflammatory leukocytes in murine atherosclerotic plaques. This imaging strategy can identify inflammation-rich plaques at risk for rupture and evaluate the effectiveness of inflammation-targeted therapies in atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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Oumzil K, Ramin MA, Lorenzato C, Hémadou A, Laroche J, Jacobin-Valat MJ, Mornet S, Roy CE, Kauss T, Gaudin K, Clofent-Sanchez G, Barthélémy P. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Therapy of Atherosclerosis. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:569-75. [PMID: 26751997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the application of nanotechnologies to atherosclerosis remains a young field, novel strategies are needed to address this public health issue. In this context, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach has been gradually investigated in order to enable image-guided treatments. In this contribution, we report a new approach based on nucleoside-lipids allowing the synthesis of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) loaded with iron oxide particles and therapeutic agents. The insertion of nucleoside-lipids allows the formation of stable SLNs loaded with prostacycline (PGI2) able to inhibit platelet aggregation. The new SLNs feature better relaxivity properties in comparison to the clinically used contrast agent Feridex, indicating that SLNs are suitable for image-guided therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Oumzil
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael A Ramin
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Lorenzato
- CRMSB Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Audrey Hémadou
- CRMSB Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jeanny Laroche
- CRMSB Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Josée Jacobin-Valat
- CRMSB Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephane Mornet
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, ICMCB UPR CNRS 9048, University of Bordeaux , F-33608 Pessac, France
| | - Claude-Eric Roy
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Tina Kauss
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Karen Gaudin
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gisèle Clofent-Sanchez
- CRMSB Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Dolci S, Domenici V, Vidili G, Orecchioni M, Bandiera P, Madeddu R, Farace C, Peana M, Tiné MR, Manetti R, Sgarrella F, Delogu LG. Immune compatible cystine-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as vascular contrast agents in ultrasonography. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been investigated for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dolci
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry
- University of Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Valentina Domenici
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry
- University of Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Vidili
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- University of Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Marco Orecchioni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Pasquale Bandiera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Cristiano Farace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Tiné
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry
- University of Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Roberto Manetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- University of Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | | | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
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Usman A, Sadat U, Patterson AJ, Tang TY, Varty K, Boyle JR, Armon MP, Hayes PD, Graves MJ, Gillard JH. Use of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles for imaging carotid atherosclerosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:3077-3087. [PMID: 26420349 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the results of histopathological studies, inflammation within atherosclerotic tissue is now widely accepted as a key determinant of the disease process. Conventional imaging methods can highlight the location and degree of luminal stenosis but not the inflammatory activity of the plaque. Iron oxide-based MRI contrast media particularly ultrasmall supermagnetic particles of iron oxide have shown potential in assessing atheromatous plaque inflammation and in determining efficacy of antiatherosclerosis pharmacological treatments. In this paper, we review current data on the use of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides in atherosclerosis imaging with focus on ferumoxtran-10 and ferumoxytol. The basic chemistry, pharmacokinetics and dynamics, potential applications, limitations and future perspectives of these contrast media nanoparticles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Usman
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 218, Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Umar Sadat
- Cambridge Vascular Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew J Patterson
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 218, Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tjun Y Tang
- Department of Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kevin Varty
- Cambridge Vascular Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan R Boyle
- Cambridge Vascular Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mathew P Armon
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Paul D Hayes
- Cambridge Vascular Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martin J Graves
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 218, Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan H Gillard
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 218, Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Fernández-Friera L, Ibáñez B, Fuster V. Imaging subclinical atherosclerosis: is it ready for prime time? A review. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2014; 7:623-34. [PMID: 25119855 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-014-9582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Imaging subclinical atherosclerosis holds the promise of individualized cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment. The large arsenal of noninvasive imaging techniques available today is playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of subclinical atherosclerosis. However, there is a debate about the advisability of clinical screens for subclinical atherosclerosis and which modality is the most appropriate for monitoring risk and atherosclerosis progression. This article offers an overview of the traditional and emerging noninvasive imaging modalities used to detect early atherosclerosis, surveys population studies addressing the value of subclinical atherosclerosis detection, and also examines guideline recommendations for their clinical implementation. The clinical relevance of this manuscript lies in the potential of current imaging technology to improve CV risk prediction based on traditional risk factors and the present recommendations for subclinical atherosclerosis assessment. Noninvasive imaging will also help to identify individuals at high CV who would benefit from intensive prevention or therapeutic interventions.
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Superparamagnetic iron oxide based nanoprobes for imaging and theranostics. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 199-200:95-113. [PMID: 23891347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The need to target, deliver and subsequently evaluate the efficacy of therapeutics in the treatment of a disease has provided added impetus in developing novel and highly efficient contrast agents. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have offered tremendous potential in designing advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic agents, due to their unique physicochemical properties. There has been tremendous effort devoted in the recent past in developing synthetic methodologies through which their size, hydrodynamic radii, chemical composition and morphologies could be tailored at the nanoscale. This enables one to fine tune their magnetic behavior, and thus their MRI response. While novel synthetic strategies are being assembled for directing SPIONs to the diseased site as well as imparting them stealth and biocompatibility, it is also essential to evaluate their biological toxicological profiles. This review highlights recent advances that have been made in the synthesis of SPIONs, subsequent functionalization with desired entities, and a discussion on their use as MRI contrast agents in cardiovascular research.
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Satomi T, Ogawa M, Mori I, Ishino S, Kubo K, Magata Y, Nishimoto T. Comparison of contrast agents for atherosclerosis imaging using cultured macrophages: FDG versus ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:999-1004. [PMID: 23670898 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Various noninvasive imaging methods have been developed to evaluate atherosclerotic plaques. Among them, (18)F-FDG PET and MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO) have been used to quantify plaque inflammation. Both methods are based on the efficient uptake of FDG and USPIO by macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. Differently polarized macrophages have been reported to have different characteristics that are involved in the pathologic development of atherosclerosis. M1 polarized macrophages are considered the more proatherogenic phenotype than M2 polarized macrophages. However, little is known regarding the association between macrophage polarization and FDG or USPIO accumulation. In this study, we investigated intracellular FDG and USPIO accumulation in M1 and M2 polarized macrophages. METHODS THP-1 macrophages were differentiated into M1 and M2 polarized macrophages. Under optimal glucose conditions, we investigated the (3)H-labeled FDG uptake in M1 and M2 polarized macrophages. We then investigated intracellular USPIO uptake by M1 and M2 macrophages. RESULTS We found that M1 polarization, compared with M2 polarization, results in increased intracellular accumulation of FDG. To elucidate the mechanism by which FDG was preferentially accumulated in M1 macrophages, we examined messenger RNA expressions of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and hexokinases, which have pivotal roles in glucose uptake, and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), which catalyzes the reverse reaction of hexokinase. In M1 macrophages, GLUT-1, GLUT-3, hexokinase 1, and hexokinase 2 were upregulated and G6Pase was downregulated. In contrast to FDG, M1 polarization resulted in decreased intracellular accumulation of USPIO. We found that scavenger receptor A and CD11b, which are involved in USPIO binding and uptake, were significantly downregulated by M1 polarization. CONCLUSION Compared with M2, proatherogenic M1 macrophages preferentially accumulated FDG but not USPIO, suggesting that FDG PET is a useful method for the detection of proinflammatory M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Satomi
- Metabolic Disease Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan.
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Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaques with MRI: Role of Contrast Agents. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-012-9179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hyafil F, Feldman L, Le Guludec D, Fayad ZA. Evaluating Efficacy of Pharmaceutical Interventions in Atherosclerosis: Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 79:689-704. [DOI: 10.1002/msj.21349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Lee CN, Wang YM, Lai WF, Chen TJ, Yu MC, Fang CL, Yu FL, Tsai YH, Chang WS, Zuo C, Renshaw P. Super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for use in extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E149-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Botnar RM, Makowski MR. Molecular MRI of Atherosclerosis Burden. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-011-9116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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29
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Galvin P, Thompson D, Ryan KB, McCarthy A, Moore AC, Burke CS, Dyson M, Maccraith BD, Gun'ko YK, Byrne MT, Volkov Y, Keely C, Keehan E, Howe M, Duffy C, MacLoughlin R. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery: case studies for cancer and cardiovascular applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:389-404. [PMID: 22015612 PMCID: PMC11115117 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) comprised of nanoengineered complexes are providing new opportunities for enabling targeted delivery of a range of therapeutics and combinations. A range of functionalities can be included within a nanoparticle complex, including surface chemistry that allows attachment of cell-specific ligands for targeted delivery, surface coatings to increase circulation times for enhanced bioavailability, specific materials on the surface or in the nanoparticle core that enable storage of a therapeutic cargo until the target site is reached, and materials sensitive to local or remote actuation cues that allow controlled delivery of therapeutics to the target cells. However, despite the potential benefits of NPs as smart drug delivery and diagnostic systems, much research is still required to evaluate potential toxicity issues related to the chemical properties of NP materials, as well as their size and shape. The need to validate each NP for safety and efficacy with each therapeutic compound or combination of therapeutics is an enormous challenge, which forces industry to focus mainly on those nanoparticle materials where data on safety and efficacy already exists, i.e., predominantly polymer NPs. However, the enhanced functionality affordable by inclusion of metallic materials as part of nanoengineered particles provides a wealth of new opportunity for innovation and new, more effective, and safer therapeutics for applications such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, which require selective targeting of the therapeutic to maximize effectiveness while avoiding adverse effects on non-target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Galvin
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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30
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Lee MY, Garvey SM, Ripley ML, Wamhoff BR. Genome-wide microarray analyses identify the protein C receptor as a novel calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells-dependent gene in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 31:2665-75. [PMID: 21903947 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.235960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcineurin (Cn) and the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors are critical in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) development and pathology. Here, we used a genomics approach to identify and validate NFAT gene targets activated during platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced SMC phenotypic modulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Genome-wide expression arrays were used to identify genes both (1) differentially activated in response to PDGF-BB and (2) whose differential expression was reduced by both the Cn inhibitor cyclosporin A and the NFAT inhibitor A-285222. The 20 most pharmacologically sensitive genes were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of PDGF-BB-stimulated SMCs in the presence of Cn/NFAT inhibitors, including the VIVIT peptide. In all experiments, protein C receptor (PROCR) gene activation was reduced. We showed that PROCR expression was virtually absent in untreated, quiescent SMCs. PDGF-BB stimulation, however, induced significant PROCR promoter activation and downstream protein expression in a Cn/NFAT-dependent manner. Mutation of a species-conserved, NFAT binding motif significantly attenuated PDGF-BB-induced PROCR promoter activity, thereby distinguishing NFAT as the first PROCR transcriptional activator to date. Moreover, SMC PROCR expression was upregulated in the neointima as early as 7 days following acute vascular injury in rat carotid arteries. CONCLUSION We hereby report PROCR as a novel, NFAT-dependent gene that may be implicated in vascular restenosis and consequent inward remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Role of Carbohydrate Receptors in the Macrophage Uptake of Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 733:115-23. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2555-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Baxan N, Kahlert U, Maciaczyk J, Nikkhah G, Hennig J, von Elverfeldt D. Microcoil-based MR phase imaging and manganese enhanced microscopy of glial tumor neurospheres with direct optical correlation. Magn Reson Med 2011; 68:86-97. [PMID: 22127877 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility differences among tissues were recently used for highlighting complementary contrast in MRI different from the conventional T(1), T(2), or spin density contrasts. This method, based on the signal phase, previously showed improved image contrast of human or rodent neuroarchitecture in vivo, although direct MR phase imaging of cellular architecture was not available until recently. In this study, we present for the first time the ability of microcoil-based phase MRI to resolve the structure of human glioma neurospheres at significantly improved resolutions (10 × 10 μm(2)) with direct optical image correlation. The manganese chloride property to function as a T(1) contrast agent enabled a closer examination of cell physiology with MRI. Specifically the temporal changes of manganese chloride uptake, retention and release time within and from individual clusters were assessed. The optimal manganese chloride concentration for improved MR signal enhancement was determined while keeping the cellular viability unaffected. The presented results demonstrate the possibilities to reveal structural and functional observation of living glioblastoma human-derived cells. This was achieved through the combination of highly sensitive microcoils, high magnetic field, and methods designed to maximize contrast to noise ratio. The presented approach may provide a powerful multimodal tool that merges structural and functional information of submilimeter biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Baxan
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
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França A, Aggarwal P, Barsov EV, Kozlov SV, Dobrovolskaia MA, González-Fernández Á. Macrophage scavenger receptor A mediates the uptake of gold colloids by macrophages in vitro. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1175-88. [PMID: 21675859 PMCID: PMC3912350 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS While numerous studies have reported on nanoparticle uptake by phagocytic cells, the mechanisms of this uptake are poorly understood. A metastudy of research focusing on biological particulate matter has postulated that nanoparticles cannot be phagocytosed and therefore must enter cells via pinocytosis. The purpose of this study was to identify the route(s) of uptake of gold nanoparticles in vitro and to determine if these route(s) depend on particle size. MATERIALS & METHODS The parent RAW264.7 cell line and its derivatives, transduced with a virus carrying siRNA to macrophage scavenger receptor A, were used as model phagocytes. Citrate-stabilized gold colloids were used as model nanoparticles. We used chemical inhibitors known to interfere with specific routes of particulate uptake. We developed multifocal light microscopy methods including multifocal stack analysis with NIH ImageJ software to analyze cell uptake. RESULTS Irrespective of size, gold nanoparticles are internalized by macrophages via multiple routes, including both phagocytosis and pinocytosis. If either route was blocked, the particles entered cells via the other route. CONCLUSION Gold nanoparticles with hydrodynamic sizes below 100 nm can be phagocytosed. Phagocytosis of anionic gold colloids by RAW264.7 cells is mediated by macrophage scavenger receptor A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela França
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra. Spain
| | - Parag Aggarwal
- SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Eugene V Barsov
- SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | - África González-Fernández
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra. Spain
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Mudshinge SR, Deore AB, Patil S, Bhalgat CM. Nanoparticles: Emerging carriers for drug delivery. Saudi Pharm J 2011; 19:129-41. [PMID: 23960751 PMCID: PMC3744999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The core objective of nanoparticles is to control and manipulate biomacromolecular constructs and supramolecular assemblies that are critical to living cells in order to improve the quality of human health. By definition, these constructs and assemblies are nanoscale and include entities such as drugs, proteins, DNA/RNA, viruses, cellular lipid bilayers, cellular receptor sites and antibody variable regions critical for immunology and are involved in events of nanoscale proportions. The emergence of such nanotherapeutics/diagnostics will allow a deeper understanding of human longevity and human ills that include cancer, cardiovascular disease and genetic disorders. A technology platform that provides a wide range of synthetic nanostructures that may be controlled as a function of size, shape and surface chemistry and scale to these nanotechnical dimensions will be a critical first step in developing appropriate tools and a scientific basis for understanding nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amol B. Deore
- NDMVP’s Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adgaon, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin Patil
- Mayani College of Pharmacy, Mayani, Satara Dist., Maharashtra, India
| | - Chetan M. Bhalgat
- S.A.C. College of Pharmacy, B.G. Nagara 571448, Nagamangala (Tq), Mandya Dist., Karnataka, India
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Fitzgerald KT, Holladay CA, McCarthy C, Power KA, Pandit A, Gallagher WM. Standardization of models and methods used to assess nanoparticles in cardiovascular applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:705-717. [PMID: 21319299 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the management and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Controlled drug delivery and nanoparticle-based molecular imaging agents have advanced cardiovascular disease therapy and diagnosis. However, the delivery vehicles (dendrimers, nanocrystals, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanoshells, etc.), as well as the model systems that are used to mimic human cardiac disease, should be questioned in relation to their suitability. This review focuses on the variations of the biological assays and preclinical models that are currently being used to study the biocompatibility and suitability of nanomaterials in cardiovascular applications. There is a need to standardize appropriate models and methods that will promote the development of novel nanomaterial-based cardiovascular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T Fitzgerald
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Mahmoudi M, Azadmanesh K, Shokrgozar MA, Journeay WS, Laurent S. Effect of Nanoparticles on the Cell Life Cycle. Chem Rev 2011; 111:3407-32. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1003166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahmoudi
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551 Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551 Iran
| | | | - W. Shane Journeay
- Nanotechnology Toxicology Consulting & Training, Inc., Nova Scotia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Medical School, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic, and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau, 19, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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Eraso LH, Reilly MP, Sehgal C, Mohler ER. Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic molecular imaging applications in vascular disease. Vasc Med 2011; 16:145-56. [PMID: 21310769 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x10392474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of vascular disease has evolved from mere indirect and direct measurements of luminal stenosis to sophisticated imaging methods to depict millimeter structural changes of the vasculature. In the near future, the emergence of multimodal molecular imaging strategies may enable robust therapeutic and diagnostic ('theragnostic') approaches to vascular diseases that comprehensively consider structural, functional, biological and genomic characteristics of the disease in individualized risk assessment, early diagnosis and delivery of targeted interventions.This review presents a summary of recent preclinical and clinical developments in molecular imaging and theragnostic applications covering diverse atherosclerosis events such as endothelial activation, macrophage inflammatory activity, plaque neovascularization and arterial thrombosis. The main focus is on molecular targets designed for imaging platforms commonly used in clinical medicine including magnetic resonance, computed tomography and positron emission tomography. A special emphasis is given to vascular ultrasound applications, considering the important role this imaging platform plays in the clinical and research practice of the vascular medicine specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Eraso
- Cardiovascular Division, Vascular Medicine Section, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Blank F, Gerber P, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Sakulkhu U, Salaklang J, De Peyer K, Gehr P, Nicod LP, Hofmann H, Geiser T, Petri-Fink A, Von Garnier C. Biomedical nanoparticles modulate specific CD4+ T cell stimulation by inhibition of antigen processing in dendritic cells. Nanotoxicology 2011; 5:606-21. [PMID: 21231795 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2010.541293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how nanoparticles may affect immune responses is an essential prerequisite to developing novel clinical applications. To investigate nanoparticle-dependent outcomes on immune responses, dendritic cells (DCs) were treated with model biomedical poly(vinylalcohol)-coated super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PVA-SPIONs). PVA-SPIONs uptake by human monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) was analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS) and advanced imaging techniques. Viability, activation, function, and stimulatory capacity of MDDCs were assessed by FACS and an in vitro CD4+ T cell assay. PVA-SPION uptake was dose-dependent, decreased by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MDDC maturation at higher particle concentrations, and was inhibited by cytochalasin D pre-treatment. PVA-SPIONs did not alter surface marker expression (CD80, CD83, CD86, myeloid/plasmacytoid DC markers) or antigen-uptake, but decreased the capacity of MDDCs to process antigen, stimulate CD4+ T cells, and induce cytokines. The decreased antigen processing and CD4+ T cell stimulation capability of MDDCs following PVA-SPION treatment suggests that MDDCs may revert to a more functionally immature state following particle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Blank
- Department of Clinical Research , Division of Pulmonology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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Krug HF, Wick P. Nanotoxicology: An Interdisciplinary Challenge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1260-78. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Morishige K, Kacher DF, Libby P, Josephson L, Ganz P, Weissleder R, Aikawa M. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging enhanced with superparamagnetic nanoparticles measures macrophage burden in atherosclerosis. Circulation 2010; 122:1707-15. [PMID: 20937980 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.891804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages contribute to the progression and acute complications of atherosclerosis. Macrophage imaging may serve as a biomarker to identify subclinical inflamed lesions, to predict future risk, and to aid in the assessment of novel therapies. METHODS AND RESULTS To test the hypothesis that nanoparticle-enhanced, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can measure plaque macrophage accumulation, we used 3-T MRI with a macrophage-targeted superparamagnetic nanoparticle preparation (monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles-47 [MION-47]) in cholesterol-fed New Zealand White rabbits 6 months after balloon injury. In vivo MRI visualized thickened abdominal aortas on both T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images (T1 spin echo, 20 axial slices per animal; T2 spin echo, 28 slices per animal). Seventy-two hours after MION-47 injection, aortas exhibited lower T2 signal intensity compared with before contrast imaging (signal intensity ratio, aortic wall/muscle: before, 1.44 ± 0.26 versus after, 0.95 ± 0.22; 164 slices; P<0.01), whereas T1 spin echo images showed no significant change. MRI on ex vivo specimens provided similar results. Histological studies colocalized iron accumulation with immunoreactive macrophages in atheromata. The magnitude of signal intensity reduction on T2 spin echo in vivo images further correlated with macrophage areas in situ (150 slices; r=0.73). Treatment with rosuvastatin for 3 months yielded diminished macrophage content (P<0.05) and reversed T2 signal intensity changes (P<0.005). Signal changes in rosuvastatin-treated rabbits correlated with reduced macrophage burden (r=0.73). In vitro validation studies showed concentration-dependent MION-47 uptake by human primary macrophages. CONCLUSION The magnitude of T2 signal intensity reduction in high-resolution MRI after administration of superparamagnetic phagocytosable nanoparticles can assess macrophage burden in atheromata, providing a clinically translatable tool to identify inflamed plaques and to monitor therapy-mediated changes in plaque inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Morishige
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging enhanced with superparamagnetic nanoparticles measures macrophage burden in atherosclerosis. Circulation 2010. [PMID: 20937980 DOI: 10.1016/circulationaha.109.891804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages contribute to the progression and acute complications of atherosclerosis. Macrophage imaging may serve as a biomarker to identify subclinical inflamed lesions, to predict future risk, and to aid in the assessment of novel therapies. METHODS AND RESULTS To test the hypothesis that nanoparticle-enhanced, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can measure plaque macrophage accumulation, we used 3-T MRI with a macrophage-targeted superparamagnetic nanoparticle preparation (monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles-47 [MION-47]) in cholesterol-fed New Zealand White rabbits 6 months after balloon injury. In vivo MRI visualized thickened abdominal aortas on both T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images (T1 spin echo, 20 axial slices per animal; T2 spin echo, 28 slices per animal). Seventy-two hours after MION-47 injection, aortas exhibited lower T2 signal intensity compared with before contrast imaging (signal intensity ratio, aortic wall/muscle: before, 1.44 ± 0.26 versus after, 0.95 ± 0.22; 164 slices; P<0.01), whereas T1 spin echo images showed no significant change. MRI on ex vivo specimens provided similar results. Histological studies colocalized iron accumulation with immunoreactive macrophages in atheromata. The magnitude of signal intensity reduction on T2 spin echo in vivo images further correlated with macrophage areas in situ (150 slices; r=0.73). Treatment with rosuvastatin for 3 months yielded diminished macrophage content (P<0.05) and reversed T2 signal intensity changes (P<0.005). Signal changes in rosuvastatin-treated rabbits correlated with reduced macrophage burden (r=0.73). In vitro validation studies showed concentration-dependent MION-47 uptake by human primary macrophages. CONCLUSION The magnitude of T2 signal intensity reduction in high-resolution MRI after administration of superparamagnetic phagocytosable nanoparticles can assess macrophage burden in atheromata, providing a clinically translatable tool to identify inflamed plaques and to monitor therapy-mediated changes in plaque inflammation.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its prevalence is likely to increase in the near future. The morbidity and mortality associated with CVD causes an enormous economic burden, which has become a major problem for many societies across the globe. The current prevention strategies are aimed at identifying and reducing established risk factors for atherosclerosis including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle. However, some of our prevention goals, such as reducing LDL cholesterol, change dramatically once a subject has been diagnosed with coronary atherosclerosis. At the present time, atherosclerosis is frequently diagnosed relatively late in the course of the disease, when a patient develops symptoms or presents with acute events such as an acute coronary syndrome or a stroke. Several studies have demonstrated that novel noninvasive imaging techniques have the potential to identify subclinical atherosclerosis and high-risk plaques. Early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis may enable clinicians to improve the control of cardiovascular risk factors in affected patients earlier, thereby helping to prevent some of the manifestations of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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von zur Muhlen C, Fink-Petri A, Salaklang J, Paul D, Neudorfer I, Berti V, Merkle A, Peter K, Bode C, von Elverfeldt D. Imaging monocytes with iron oxide nanoparticles targeted towards the monocyte integrin MAC-1 (CD11b/CD18) does not result in improved atherosclerotic plaque detection by in vivo MRI. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2010; 5:268-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Molecular MRI of Atherosclerosis. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-010-9006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Lipinski MJ, Frias JC, Amirbekian V, Briley-Saebo KC, Mani V, Samber D, Abbate A, Aguinaldo JGS, Massey D, Fuster V, Vetrovec GW, Fayad ZA. Macrophage-specific lipid-based nanoparticles improve cardiac magnetic resonance detection and characterization of human atherosclerosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2:637-47. [PMID: 19442953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether gadolinium (Gd)-containing lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) targeting the macrophage scavenger receptor-B (CD36) improve cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) detection and characterization of human atherosclerosis. BACKGROUND Gd-containing lipid-based NPs targeting macrophages have improved MR detection of murine atherosclerosis. METHODS Gadolinium-containing untargeted NPs, anti-CD36 NPs, and nonspecific Fc-NPs were created. Macrophages were incubated with fluorescent targeted and nontargeted NPs to determine uptake via confocal microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) quantified Gd uptake. Human aortic specimens were harvested at autopsy. With a 1.5-T scanner, T1, T2, and PDW 3-dimensional scans were performed along with post-contrast scans after 24 h incubation. The T1 and cluster analyses were performed and compared with immunohistopathology. RESULTS The NPs had a mean diameter of 125 nm and 14,900 Gd-ions, and relaxivity was 37 mmol/l(-1)s(-1) at 1.5-T and 37 degrees C. Confocal microscopy and ICP-MS demonstrated significant in vitro macrophage uptake of targeted NPs, whereas non-targeted NPs had minimal uptake. On T1 imaging, targeted NPs increased contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) by 52.5%, which was significantly greater than Fc-NPs (CNR increased 17.2%) and nontargeted NPs (CNR increased 18.7%) (p = 0.001). Confocal fluorescent microscopy showed that NPs target resident macrophages, whereas the untargeted NPs and Fc-NPs are found diffusely throughout the plaque. Targeted NPs had a greater signal intensity increase in the fibrous cap compared with non-targeted NPs. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage-specific (CD36) NPs bind human macrophages and improve CMR detection and characterization of human aortic atherosclerosis. Thus, macrophage-specific NPs could help identify high-risk human plaque before the development of an atherothrombotic event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lipinski
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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46
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Abstract
Inflammation is important at many stages of atherosclerotic plaque development. We highlight several imaging modalities that can quantify the degree of plaque inflammation noninvasively. Imaging of this type might allow testing of novel antiatherosclerosis drugs, identification of patients at risk of plaque rupture, and deeper insight into the biology of the disease. The imaging modalities are discussed in relation to their potential use in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H F Rudd
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cambridge University, UK.
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47
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Tang TY, Muller KH, Graves MJ, Li ZY, Walsh SR, Young V, Sadat U, Howarth SP, Gillard J. Iron Oxide Particles for Atheroma Imaging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1001-8. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.165514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tjun Y. Tang
- From the University Department of Radiology (T.Y.T., M.J.G., Z.Y.L., V.Y., U.S., S.P.S.H., J.H.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; the Cambridge Vascular Unit (T.Y.T., S.R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and the Multi-Imaging Centre (K.H.M.), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Karin H. Muller
- From the University Department of Radiology (T.Y.T., M.J.G., Z.Y.L., V.Y., U.S., S.P.S.H., J.H.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; the Cambridge Vascular Unit (T.Y.T., S.R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and the Multi-Imaging Centre (K.H.M.), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin J. Graves
- From the University Department of Radiology (T.Y.T., M.J.G., Z.Y.L., V.Y., U.S., S.P.S.H., J.H.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; the Cambridge Vascular Unit (T.Y.T., S.R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and the Multi-Imaging Centre (K.H.M.), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhi Y. Li
- From the University Department of Radiology (T.Y.T., M.J.G., Z.Y.L., V.Y., U.S., S.P.S.H., J.H.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; the Cambridge Vascular Unit (T.Y.T., S.R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and the Multi-Imaging Centre (K.H.M.), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Stewart R. Walsh
- From the University Department of Radiology (T.Y.T., M.J.G., Z.Y.L., V.Y., U.S., S.P.S.H., J.H.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; the Cambridge Vascular Unit (T.Y.T., S.R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and the Multi-Imaging Centre (K.H.M.), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria Young
- From the University Department of Radiology (T.Y.T., M.J.G., Z.Y.L., V.Y., U.S., S.P.S.H., J.H.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; the Cambridge Vascular Unit (T.Y.T., S.R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and the Multi-Imaging Centre (K.H.M.), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Umar Sadat
- From the University Department of Radiology (T.Y.T., M.J.G., Z.Y.L., V.Y., U.S., S.P.S.H., J.H.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; the Cambridge Vascular Unit (T.Y.T., S.R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and the Multi-Imaging Centre (K.H.M.), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon P.S. Howarth
- From the University Department of Radiology (T.Y.T., M.J.G., Z.Y.L., V.Y., U.S., S.P.S.H., J.H.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; the Cambridge Vascular Unit (T.Y.T., S.R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and the Multi-Imaging Centre (K.H.M.), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - J.H. Gillard
- From the University Department of Radiology (T.Y.T., M.J.G., Z.Y.L., V.Y., U.S., S.P.S.H., J.H.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; the Cambridge Vascular Unit (T.Y.T., S.R.W.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and the Multi-Imaging Centre (K.H.M.), University of Cambridge, UK
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Shubayev VI, Pisanic TR, Jin S. Magnetic nanoparticles for theragnostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:467-77. [PMID: 19389434 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a cutting-edge tool in medicine because they can be simultaneously functionalized and guided by a magnetic field. Use of MNPs has advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), guided drug and gene delivery, magnetic hyperthermia cancer therapy, tissue engineering, cell tracking and bioseparation. Integrative therapeutic and diagnostic (i.e., theragnostic) applications have emerged with MNP use, such as MRI-guided cell replacement therapy or MRI-based imaging of cancer-specific gene delivery. However, mounting evidence suggests that certain properties of nanoparticles (e.g., enhanced reactive area, ability to cross cell and tissue barriers, resistance to biodegradation) amplify their cytotoxic potential relative to molecular or bulk counterparts. Oxidative stress, a 3-tier paradigm of nanotoxicity, manifests in activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (tier I), followed by a proinflammatory response (tier II) and DNA damage leading to cellular apoptosis and mutagenesis (tier III). Invivo administered MNPs are quickly challenged by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), resulting in not only neutralization of potential MNP toxicity but also reduced circulation time necessary for MNP efficacy. We discuss the role of MNP size, composition and surface chemistry in their intracellular uptake, biodistribution, macrophage recognition and cytotoxicity, and review current studies on MNP toxicity, caveats of nanotoxicity assessments and engineering strategies to optimize MNPs for biomedical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0629, USA.
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Desestret V, Brisset JC, Moucharrafie S, Devillard E, Nataf S, Honnorat J, Nighoghossian N, Berthezène Y, Wiart M. Early-stage investigations of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-induced signal change after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Stroke 2009; 40:1834-41. [PMID: 19286601 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.108.531269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR signal changes after intravenous ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) injection are related to inflammatory cells at the subacute stages after focal cerebral injury. However, at the early stages, the interpretation of USPIO-related MR signal alterations remains controversial. Here, we compared MR signal changes after intravenous USPIO injection with the histological iron and macrophage distribution during the first 24 hours in a rodent model of acute stroke. METHODS Multiparametric MRI at 7T and histological USPIO distribution were confronted from 6 to 24 hours after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Blood-brain barrier disruption was assessed using gadolinium MRI and immunoglobulin staining. Prussian blue staining was performed to depict the USPIO brain distribution. USPIO uptake by phagocytes was assessed by immunochemistry on brain tissue, peripheral blood cells, and monocyte cells derived from bone marrow culture. RESULTS After USPIO injection, 4 areas of early signal change were observed on every MRI. In all these areas, iron particles were mostly free whether detected in the vascular and cerebrospinal fluid compartments or in the interstitium. Within the first 24 hours, USPIO-loaded cells were not detected in the blood of injured mice or in cultured monocytic cells incubated with USPIO at plasmatic concentration. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, in this model, early reproducible USPIO-related MR signal changes are mainly caused by passive diffusion of free USPIO after blood-brain barrier leakage and by intravascular trapping rather than by peripheral phagocyte infiltration.
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Guildford AL, Poletti T, Osbourne LH, Di Cerbo A, Gatti AM, Santin M. Nanoparticles of a different source induce different patterns of activation in key biochemical and cellular components of the host response. J R Soc Interface 2009; 6:1213-21. [PMID: 19324665 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticulate materials are produced by industrial processing or engineered for specific biomedical applications. In both cases, their contact with the human body may lead to adverse reactions. Most of the published papers so far have focused on the cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles (NPs). Instead, the present in vitro study investigates the effect of different types of NP on key components of the host response such as clot formation and the inflammatory cells. The different NPs were pre-conditioned with platelet-rich human plasma for 30 min and then incubated with the blood mononuclear cells for 20 hours. The potential of the different NPs to induce clot formation, platelet activation and monocyte/macrophage differentiation was assessed by morphological analysis, immunocytochemistry and biochemical assays. The data showed that nanoparticulate materials based on antimony, silver and nickel were capable of promoting the polymerization of fibrin and the aggregation and fragmentation of platelets, leading to a moderately activated monocyte phenotype. This process was more pronounced in the case of antimony- and silver-based NPs that share a similar size and round-shaped morphology. Conversely, NPs of cobalt, titanium and iron appeared to stimulate cells to acquire a macrophage phenotype able to secrete higher levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Therefore, the present study provides clear indications about the subtle and adverse effects that the invasion of these materials may produce in the cardiovascular system and in vital organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Guildford
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
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