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Linking single nucleotide polymorphisms to signaling blueprints in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20990. [PMID: 36470918 PMCID: PMC9722707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is a multifactorial complex disease with life-threatening consequences. While Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the genome of individuals with AAA, the link between SNPs with the associated pathological signals, the influence of risk factors on their distribution and their combined analysis is not fully understood. We integrated 86 AAA SNPs from GWAS and clinical cohorts from the literature to determine their phenotypical vulnerabilities and association with AAA risk factors. The SNPs were annotated using snpXplorer AnnotateMe tool to identify their chromosomal position, minor allele frequency, CADD (Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion), annotation-based pathogenicity score, variant consequence, and their associated gene. Gene enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology and clustered using REVIGO. The plug-in GeneMANIA in Cytoscape was applied to identify network integration with associated genes and functions. 15 SNPs affecting 20 genes with a CADD score above ten were identified. AAA SNPs were predominantly located on chromosome 3 and 9. Stop-gained rs5516 SNP obtained high frequency in AAA and associated with proinflammatory and vascular remodeling phenotypes. SNPs presence positively correlated with hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking history. GO showed that AAA SNPs and their associated genes could regulate lipid metabolism, extracellular matrix organization, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and oxidative stress, suggesting that part of these AAA traits could stem from genetic abnormalities. We show a library of inborn SNPs and associated genes that manifest in AAA. We uncover their pathological signaling trajectories that likely fuel AAA development.
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Liu X, Guo R, Huo S, Chen H, Song Q, Jiang G, Yu Y, Huang J, Xie S, Gao X, Lu L. CaP-based anti-inflammatory HIF-1α siRNA-encapsulating nanoparticle for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. J Control Release 2022; 343:314-325. [PMID: 35085700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common inflammatory disease and its treatment is largely limited by drug ineffectiveness or severe side effects. In RA progression, multiple signalling pathways, such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, act synergistically to maintain the inflammatory response. To downregulate HIF-1α, NF-κB, and MAPK expression, we proposed HIF-1α siRNA-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles encapsulated in apolipoprotein E3-reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (HIF-CaP-rHDL) for RA therapy. Here, we evaluated the potential of CaP-rHDL nanoparticles in RA therapy using a murine macrophage line (RAW 264.7) and a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. The CaP-rHDL nanoparticles showed significant anti-inflammatory effects along with HIF-1α knockdown and NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathway inhibition in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Moreover, they inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation. In CIA mice, their intravenous administration resulted in high accumulation at the arthritic joint sites, and HIF-CaP-rHDL effectively suppressed inflammatory cytokine secretion and relieved bone erosion, cartilage damage, and osteoclastogenesis. Thus, HIF-CaP-rHDL demonstrated great potential in RA precision therapy by inhibiting multiple inflammatory signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China; Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ruru Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Shicheng Huo
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Liangjing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai 200001, China.
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Impact of the Apolipoprotein E (epsilon) Genotype on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers and Responsiveness to Acute and Chronic Dietary Fat Manipulation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092044. [PMID: 31480637 PMCID: PMC6770634 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (APO) E (ε) genotype is considered to play an important role in lipid responses to dietary fat manipulation but the impact on novel cardiometabolic risk markers is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the relationship between the APOE genotype and cardiometabolic risk markers in response to acute and chronic dietary fat intakes. Associations with fasting (baseline) outcome measures (n = 218) were determined using data from the chronic DIVAS (n = 191/195 adults at moderate cardiovascular disease risk) and acute DIVAS-2 (n = 27/32 postmenopausal women) studies examining the effects of diets/meals varying in saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acid composition. Participants were retrospectively genotyped for APOE (rs429358, rs7412). For baseline cardiometabolic outcomes, E4 carriers had higher fasting total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C: HDL-C ratios, but lower C-reactive protein (CRP) than E3/E3 and E2 carriers (p ≤ 0.003). Digital volume pulse stiffness index was higher in E2 carriers than the E3/E3 group (p = 0.011). Following chronic dietary fat intake, the significant diet × genotype interaction was found for fasting triacylglycerol (p = 0.010), with indication of a differential responsiveness to MUFA intake between the E3/E3 and E4 carriers (p = 0.006). Test fat × genotype interactions were observed for the incremental area under the curve for the postprandial apolipoprotein B (apoB; p = 0.022) and digital volume pulse reflection index (DVP-RI; p = 0.030) responses after the MUFA-rich meals, with a reduction in E4 carriers and increase in the E3/E3 group for the apoB response, but an increase in E4 carriers and decrease in the E3/E3 group for the DVP-RI response. In conclusion, baseline associations between the APOE genotype and fasting lipids and CRP confirm previous findings, although a novel interaction with digital volume pulse arterial stiffness was observed in the fasted state and differential postprandial apoB and DVP-RI responses after the MUFA-rich meals. The reported differential impact of the APOE genotype on cardiometabolic markers in the acute and chronic state requires confirmation.
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Takagi H, Umemoto T. Association of peripheral artery disease with abdominal aortic aneurysm growth. J Vasc Surg 2016; 64:506-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
To determine whether coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth, we performed a meta-analysis of currently available studies. Databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched through October 2015 using PubMed and OVID. Search terms included enlargement, expansion, growth, or progression; rate or rates; and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Studies considered for inclusion met the following criteria: the design was unrestricted; the study population was AAA patients with and without CAD; and outcomes included data regarding AAA growth. For each study, growth rates in both the CAD and non-CAD groups were used to generate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of 664 potentially relevant publications screened initially, we identified 20 eligible studies including data on a total of 7238 AAA patients. A pooled analysis of all 20 studies demonstrated a statistically significant association of CAD with slower AAA growth rates (i.e. a significantly negative association of CAD with AAA growth) in the fixed-effect model (SMD, −0.06 [–0.0592]; 95% CI, −0.12 [–0.1157] to −0.00 [–0.0027]; p = 0.04). There was minimal between-study heterogeneity ( p = 0.16) and a statistically non-significant association of CAD with slower AAA growth rates (i.e. a non-significantly negative association of CAD with AAA growth) in the pooled result from random-effects modeling (SMD, −0.06; 95% CI, −0.13 to 0.01; p = 0.12). In conclusion, CAD may be negatively associated with AAA growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Takagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Umemoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kaźmierski P, Pająk M, Bogusiak K. Concomitance of atherosclerotic lesions in arteries of the lower extremities and carotid arteries in patients with abdominal aorta aneurysm. Artery Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Mahmoud AA, Yousef LM, Zaki NAE. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism in Egyptian acute coronary syndrome patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sidore C, Busonero F, Maschio A, Porcu E, Naitza S, Zoledziewska M, Mulas A, Pistis G, Steri M, Danjou F, Kwong A, Ortega del Vecchyo VD, Chiang CWK, Bragg-Gresham J, Pitzalis M, Nagaraja R, Tarrier B, Brennan C, Uzzau S, Fuchsberger C, Atzeni R, Reinier F, Berutti R, Huang J, Timpson NJ, Toniolo D, Gasparini P, Malerba G, Dedoussis G, Zeggini E, Soranzo N, Jones C, Lyons R, Angius A, Kang HM, Novembre J, Sanna S, Schlessinger D, Cucca F, Abecasis GR. Genome sequencing elucidates Sardinian genetic architecture and augments association analyses for lipid and blood inflammatory markers. Nat Genet 2015; 47:1272-1281. [PMID: 26366554 PMCID: PMC4627508 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report ∼17.6 million genetic variants from whole-genome sequencing of 2,120 Sardinians; 22% are absent from previous sequencing-based compilations and are enriched for predicted functional consequences. Furthermore, ∼76,000 variants common in our sample (frequency >5%) are rare elsewhere (<0.5% in the 1000 Genomes Project). We assessed the impact of these variants on circulating lipid levels and five inflammatory biomarkers. We observe 14 signals, including 2 major new loci, for lipid levels and 19 signals, including 2 new loci, for inflammatory markers. The new associations would have been missed in analyses based on 1000 Genomes Project data, underlining the advantages of large-scale sequencing in this founder population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sidore
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, MI, USA
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fabio Busonero
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, MI, USA
- University of Michigan, DNA Sequencing Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Maschio
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, MI, USA
- University of Michigan, DNA Sequencing Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eleonora Porcu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, MI, USA
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Naitza
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, MI, USA
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabrice Danjou
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alan Kwong
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | | | - Charleston W. K. Chiang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ramaiah Nagaraja
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brendan Tarrier
- University of Michigan, DNA Sequencing Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sergio Uzzau
- Porto Conte Ricerche srl, Tramariglio, Alghero, 07041 Italy
| | | | - Rossano Atzeni
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research, and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), AGCT Program, Parco Scientifico e tecnologico della Sardegna, Pula, Italy
| | - Frederic Reinier
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research, and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), AGCT Program, Parco Scientifico e tecnologico della Sardegna, Pula, Italy
| | - Riccardo Berutti
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research, and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), AGCT Program, Parco Scientifico e tecnologico della Sardegna, Pula, Italy
| | - Jie Huang
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1HH
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- DSM-University of Trieste and IRCCS-Burlo Garofolo Children Hospital (Trieste, Italy)
- Experimental Genetics Division, Sidra, (Doha, Qatar)
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1HH
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1HH
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0AH
| | - Chris Jones
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research, and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), AGCT Program, Parco Scientifico e tecnologico della Sardegna, Pula, Italy
| | - Robert Lyons
- University of Michigan, DNA Sequencing Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Angius
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research, and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), AGCT Program, Parco Scientifico e tecnologico della Sardegna, Pula, Italy
| | - Hyun M. Kang
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - John Novembre
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gonçalo R Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, MI, USA
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Bradley DT, Badger SA, McFarland M, Hughes AE. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Genetic Associations: Mostly False? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2015; 51:64-75. [PMID: 26460285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Many associations between abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and genetic polymorphisms have been reported. It is unclear which are genuine and which may be caused by type 1 errors, biases, and flexible study design. The objectives of the study were to identify associations supported by current evidence and to investigate the effect of study design on reporting associations. METHODS Data sources were MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. Reports were dual-reviewed for relevance and inclusion against predefined criteria (studies of genetic polymorphisms and AAA risk). Study characteristics and data were extracted using an agreed tool and reports assessed for quality. Heterogeneity was assessed using I(2) and fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for variants that were reported at least twice, if any had reported an association. Strength of evidence was assessed using a standard guideline. RESULTS Searches identified 467 unique articles, of which 97 were included. Of 97 studies, 63 reported at least one association. Of 92 studies that conducted multiple tests, only 27% corrected their analyses. In total, 263 genes were investigated, and associations were reported in polymorphisms in 87 genes. Associations in CDKN2BAS, SORT1, LRP1, IL6R, MMP3, AGTR1, ACE, and APOA1 were supported by meta-analyses. CONCLUSION Uncorrected multiple testing and flexible study design (particularly testing many inheritance models and subgroups, and failure to check for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) contributed to apparently false associations being reported. Heterogeneity, possibly due to the case mix, geographical, temporal, and environmental variation between different studies, was evident. Polymorphisms in nine genes had strong or moderate support on the basis of the literature at this time. Suggestions are made for improving AAA genetics study design and conduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Bradley
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK.
| | - S A Badger
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M McFarland
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Building, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BL, UK
| | - A E Hughes
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
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Li W, Wang Y, Han Z, Luo C, Zhang C, Xiong J. Apolipoprotein e mutation and double filtration plasmapheresis therapy on a new Chinese patient with lipoprotein glomerulopathy. Kidney Blood Press Res 2014; 39:330-9. [PMID: 25300642 DOI: 10.1159/000355810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a rare hereditary disease. In this study, we investigated the apoE mutation and the role of double filtration plasmapheresis therapy (DFPP) on a new Chinese patient with LPG. METHODS Renal biopsy was performed on this patient to allow a definitive diagnosis. The mutations in the coding sequence of apoE and the hereditary pedigree of this patient were investigated by DNA sequencing. The patient was treated with DFPP, and clinical parameters before and after DFPP were compared. RESULTS Two missense mutations were found in this patient: Cys112Arg and Arg25Cys. Arg25Cys was previously designated as APOE Kyoto. Family genotyping showed that Cys112Arg and Arg25Cys mutation were transmitted through his father and his mother, respectively. The patient's parents are healthy so far to date. Possibly there was a dose effect on apoE mutation induced LPG. Furthermore, DFPP treatment was first used on this patient and led to dramatic changes: Proteinuria and apo E values declined, and hemoglobin level increased significantly. CONCLUSION APOE Kyoto mutation was found in a new Chinese patient with LPG, accompanied by Cys112Arg. More cases and further functional experiments are needed to investigate the role of these two mutations together in LPG. DFPP is an effective therapeutic modality for improving NS in patients with LPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Stather PW, Sidloff DA, Dattani N, Gokani VJ, Choke E, Sayers RD, Bown MJ. Meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of biomarkers for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Surg 2014; 101:1358-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Many studies have investigated the systemic and local expression of biomarkers in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The natural history of AAA varies between patients, and predictors of the presence and diameter of AAA have not been determined consistently. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of studies comparing biomarkers in patients with and without AAA, with the aim of summarizing the association of identified markers with both AAA presence and size.
Methods and results
Literature review identified 106 studies suitable for inclusion. Meta-analysis demonstrated a significant difference between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1, interleukin (IL) 6, C-reactive protein (CRP), α1-antitrypsin, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein A and high-density lipoprotein in patients with and without AAA. Although meta-analysis was not possible for MMP-2 in aortic tissue, tumour necrosis factor α, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, interferon γ, intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, systematic review suggested an increase in these biomarkers in patients with AAA. Meta-regression analysis identified a significant positive linear correlation between aortic diameter and CRP level.
Conclusion
A wide variety of biomarkers are dysregulated in patients with AAA, but their clinical value is yet to be established. Future research should focus on the most relevant biomarkers of AAA, and how they could be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Stather
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - D A Sidloff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - N Dattani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - V J Gokani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - E Choke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - R D Sayers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - M J Bown
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Varga TV, Sonestedt E, Shungin D, Koivula RW, Hallmans G, Escher SA, Barroso I, Nilsson P, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Renström F, Franks PW. Genetic determinants of long-term changes in blood lipid concentrations: 10-year follow-up of the GLACIER study. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004388. [PMID: 24922540 PMCID: PMC4055682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide meta-analyses identified 157 loci associated with cross-sectional lipid traits. Here we tested whether these loci associate (singly and in trait-specific genetic risk scores [GRS]) with longitudinal changes in total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in a population-based prospective cohort from Northern Sweden (the GLACIER Study). We sought replication in a southern Swedish cohort (the MDC Study; N = 2,943). GLACIER Study participants (N = 6,064) were genotyped with the MetaboChip array. Up to 3,495 participants had 10-yr follow-up data available in the GLACIER Study. The TC- and TG-specific GRSs were strongly associated with change in lipid levels (β = 0.02 mmol/l per effect allele per decade follow-up, P = 2.0×10−11 for TC; β = 0.02 mmol/l per effect allele per decade follow-up, P = 5.0×10−5 for TG). In individual SNP analysis, one TC locus, apolipoprotein E (APOE) rs4420638 (β = 0.12 mmol/l per effect allele per decade follow-up, P = 2.0×10−5), and two TG loci, tribbles pseudokinase 1 (TRIB1) rs2954029 (β = 0.09 mmol/l per effect allele per decade follow-up, P = 5.1×10−4) and apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) rs6589564 (β = 0.31 mmol/l per effect allele per decade follow-up, P = 1.4×10−8), remained significantly associated with longitudinal changes for the respective traits after correction for multiple testing. An additional 12 loci were nominally associated with TC or TG changes. In replication analyses, the APOE rs4420638, TRIB1 rs2954029, and APOA1 rs6589564 associations were confirmed (P≤0.001). In summary, trait-specific GRSs are robustly associated with 10-yr changes in lipid levels and three individual SNPs were strongly associated with 10-yr changes in lipid levels. Although large cross-sectional studies have proven highly successful in identifying gene variants related to lipid levels and other cardiometabolic traits, very few examples of well-designed longitudinal studies exist where associations between genotypes and long-term changes in lipids have been assessed. Here we undertook analyses in the GLACIER Study to determine whether the 157 previously identified lipid-associated genes variants associate with changes in blood lipid levels over 10-yr follow-up. We identified a variant in APOE that is robustly associated with total cholesterol change and two variants in TRIB1 and APOA1 respectively that are robustly associated with triglyceride change. We replicated these findings in a second Swedish cohort (the MDC Study). The identified genes had previously been associated with cardiovascular traits such as myocardial infarction or coronary heart disease; hence, these novel lipid associations provide additional insight into the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic heart and large vessel disease. By incorporating all 157 established variants into gene scores, we also observed strong associations with 10-yr lipid changes, illustrating the polygenic nature of blood lipid deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor V Varga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease - Genetic Epidemiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Robert W Koivula
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan A Escher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Inês Barroso
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease - Genetic Epidemiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Systematic evaluation of coding variation identifies a candidate causal variant in TM6SF2 influencing total cholesterol and myocardial infarction risk. Nat Genet 2014; 46:345-51. [PMID: 24633158 PMCID: PMC4169222 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blood lipid levels are heritable, treatable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We systematically assessed genome-wide coding variation to identify novel lipid genes, fine-map known lipid loci, and evaluate whether low frequency variants with large effect exist. Using an exome array, we genotyped 80,137 coding variants in 5,643 Norwegians. We followed up 18 variants in 4,666 Norwegians to identify 10 loci with coding variants associated with a lipid trait (P < 5×10−8). One coding variant in TM6SF2 (p.Glu167Lys), residing in a GWAS locus for lipid levels, modifies total cholesterol levels and is associated with myocardial infarction. Transient overexpression and knockdown of TM6SF2 in mouse produces alteration in serum lipid profiles consistent with the association observed in humans, identifying TM6SF2 as the functional gene at a large GWAS locus previously known as NCAN/CILP2/PBX4 or 19p13. This study demonstrates that systematic assessment of coding variation can quickly point to a candidate causal gene.
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Machal J, Vasku A, Hlinomaz O, Linhartova P, Groch L, Vitovec J. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is associated with both number of diseased vessels and extent of coronary artery disease in Czech patients with CAD. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 156:151-8. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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ApoE genotype: from geographic distribution to function and responsiveness to dietary factors. Proc Nutr Soc 2012; 71:410-24. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665112000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ApoE is a key protein in lipid metabolism with three major isoforms.ApoEallele frequencies show non-random global distribution especially in Europe with highapoEε3frequency in the Mediterranean area, whereas theapoEε4genotype is enriched in Northern Europe. TheapoEε4genotype is one of the most important genetic risk factors for age-dependent chronic diseases, including CVD and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The apoE polymorphism has been shown to impact on blood lipids, biomarkers of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which all may contribute to the isoform-dependent disease risk. Studies in mice and human subjects indicate that theapoEε3but not theapoEε4genotype may significantly benefit from dietary flavonoids (e.g. quercetin) andn-3 fatty acids. Metabolism of lipid soluble vitamins E and D is likewise differentially affected by theapoEgenotype. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest a better vitamin D status inapoEε4than ε3subjects indicating a certain advantage of ε4over ε3. The present review aims at evaluation of current data available on interactions between apoE polymorphism and dietary responsiveness to flavonoids, fat soluble vitamins andn-3 fatty acids. Likewise, distinct geographic distribution and chronic disease risk of the different apoE isoforms are addressed.
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Johnstone D, Milward EA, Berretta R, Moscato P. Multivariate protein signatures of pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease in the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) plasma proteome dataset. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34341. [PMID: 22485168 PMCID: PMC3317783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent Alzheimer's disease (AD) research has focused on finding biomarkers to identify disease at the pre-clinical stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), allowing treatment to be initiated before irreversible damage occurs. Many studies have examined brain imaging or cerebrospinal fluid but there is also growing interest in blood biomarkers. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has generated data on 190 plasma analytes in 566 individuals with MCI, AD or normal cognition. We conducted independent analyses of this dataset to identify plasma protein signatures predicting pre-clinical AD. METHODS AND FINDINGS We focused on identifying signatures that discriminate cognitively normal controls (n = 54) from individuals with MCI who subsequently progress to AD (n = 163). Based on p value, apolipoprotein E (APOE) showed the strongest difference between these groups (p = 2.3 × 10(-13)). We applied a multivariate approach based on combinatorial optimization ((α,β)-k Feature Set Selection), which retains information about individual participants and maintains the context of interrelationships between different analytes, to identify the optimal set of analytes (signature) to discriminate these two groups. We identified 11-analyte signatures achieving values of sensitivity and specificity between 65% and 86% for both MCI and AD groups, depending on whether APOE was included and other factors. Classification accuracy was improved by considering "meta-features," representing the difference in relative abundance of two analytes, with an 8-meta-feature signature consistently achieving sensitivity and specificity both over 85%. Generating signatures based on longitudinal rather than cross-sectional data further improved classification accuracy, returning sensitivities and specificities of approximately 90%. CONCLUSIONS Applying these novel analysis approaches to the powerful and well-characterized ADNI dataset has identified sets of plasma biomarkers for pre-clinical AD. While studies of independent test sets are required to validate the signatures, these analyses provide a starting point for developing a cost-effective and minimally invasive test capable of diagnosing AD in its pre-clinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Johnstone
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Milward
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Regina Berretta
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pablo Moscato
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Harrison SC, Holmes MV, Agu O, Humphries SE. Genome wide association studies of abdominal aortic aneurysms-biological insights and potential translation applications. Atherosclerosis 2011; 217:47-56. [PMID: 21414622 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex disease with important environmental risk factors and a heritability of approximately 70%. Genome wide association studies have revolutionised the study of complex disorders and offer the potential for innovative insight into disease pathogenesis and development of individualised therapeutic options. This paper reviews the progress of genome wide association studies in AAA, highlighting novel disease pathways and potential translational applications of genomic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus C Harrison
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, The Rayne Building, Department of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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Golledge J, Mallat Z, Tedgui A, Norman PE. Serum secreted phospholipase A2 is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm presence but not progression. Atherosclerosis 2011; 216:458-60. [PMID: 21382622 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) has been implicated in rodent models of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The aim of this study was to assess whether serum sPLA(2) activity was associated with AAA presence and progression. METHODS Serum sPLA(2) activity was measured using a fluorometric assay in 1002 men of whom 310 had an AAA. 272 of the men had repeat ultrasound surveillance of their AAA for a median of 5.5 years. The association of sPLA(2) activity with AAA was assessed using multiple regression analysis to adjust for other risk factors. RESULTS Median serum sPLA(2) activity was 21.67 in men with AAA and 18.32 U/ml in men without AAA, p<0.001. Men with sPLA(2) activity ≥ median (19.20 U/ml) had a 1.40-fold (95% CI 1.04-1.87, p=0.027) increased prevalence of AAA independent of other risk factors. Serum sPLA(2) activity was not associated with AAA growth. CONCLUSION Serum sPLA(2) activity is elevated in men with small AAAs but is not associated with AAA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Golledge
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. Since the first candidate gene studies were published 20 years ago, approximately 100 genetic association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in biologically relevant genes have been reported on AAA. These studies investigated SNPs in genes of the extracellular matrix, the cardiovascular system, the immune system, and signaling pathways. Very few studies were large enough to draw firm conclusions and very few results could be replicated in another sample set. The more recent unbiased approaches are family-based DNA linkage studies and genome-wide genetic association studies, which have the potential of identifying the genetic basis for AAA, only when appropriately powered and well-characterized large AAA cohorts are used. SNPs associated with AAA have already been identified in these large multicenter studies. One significant association was of a variant in a gene called contactin-3, which is located on chromosome 3p12.3. However, two follow-up studies could not replicate this association. Two other SNPs, which are located on chromosome 9p21 and 9q33, were replicated in other samples. The two genes with the strongest supporting evidence of contribution to the genetic risk for AAA are the CDKN2BAS gene, also known as ANRIL, which encodes an antisense ribonucleic acid that regulates expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2A and CDKN2B, and DAB2IP, which encodes an inhibitor of cell growth and survival. Functional studies are now needed to establish the mechanisms by which these genes contribute toward AAA pathogenesis.
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20
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2010; 23:125-30. [PMID: 21124095 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e3283422cce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Golledge J, Norman PE. Atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm: cause, response, or common risk factors? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1075-7. [PMID: 20484703 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.206573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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