1
|
Poznyak AV, Sukhorukov VN, Eremin II, Nadelyaeva II, Orekhov AN. Diagnostics of atherosclerosis: Overview of the existing methods. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1134097. [PMID: 37229223 PMCID: PMC10203409 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1134097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis was and remains an extremely common and serious health problem. Since the elderly are most at risk of cardiovascular risk, and the average life expectancy is increasing, the spread of atherosclerosis and its consequences increases as well. One of the features of atherosclerosis is its asymptomaticity. This factor makes it difficult to make a timely diagnosis. This entails the lack of timely treatment and even prevention. To date, in the arsenal of physicians, there is only a limited set of methods to suspect and fully diagnose atherosclerosis. In this review, we have tried to briefly describe the most common and effective methods for diagnosing atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Huseynov A, Reinhardt J, Chandra L, Dürschmied D, Langer HF. Novel Aspects Targeting Platelets in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease—A Translational Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076280. [PMID: 37047253 PMCID: PMC10093962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are important cellular targets in cardiovascular disease. Based on insights from basic science, translational approaches and clinical studies, a distinguished anti-platelet drug treatment regimen for cardiovascular patients could be established. Furthermore, platelets are increasingly considered as cells mediating effects “beyond thrombosis”, including vascular inflammation, tissue remodeling and healing of vascular and tissue lesions. This review has its focus on the functions and interactions of platelets with potential translational and clinical relevance. The role of platelets for the development of atherosclerosis and therapeutic modalities for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic disease are addressed. Furthermore, novel therapeutic options for inhibiting platelet function and the use of platelets in regenerative medicine are considered.
Collapse
|
3
|
MRI Contrast Agents in Glycobiology. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238297. [PMID: 36500389 PMCID: PMC9735696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition involving glycoprotein-mediated interactions is ubiquitous in both normal and pathological natural processes. Therefore, visualization of these interactions and the extent of expression of the sugars is a challenge in medical diagnosis, monitoring of therapy, and drug design. Here, we review the literature on the development and validation of probes for magnetic resonance imaging using carbohydrates either as targeting vectors or as a target. Lectins are important targeting vectors for carbohydrate end groups, whereas selectins, the asialoglycoprotein receptor, sialic acid end groups, hyaluronic acid, and glycated serum and hemoglobin are interesting carbohydrate targets.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
MRI is a widely available clinical tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. MRI provides excellent soft tissue imaging, using a wide range of contrast mechanisms, and can non-invasively detect tissue metabolites. These approaches can be used to distinguish cancer from normal tissues, to stratify tumor aggressiveness, and to identify changes within both the tumor and its microenvironment in response to therapy. In this review, the role of MRI in immunotherapy monitoring will be discussed and how it could be utilized in the future to address some of the unique clinical questions that arise from immunotherapy. For example, MRI could play a role in identifying pseudoprogression, mixed response, T cell infiltration, cell tracking, and some of the characteristic immune-related adverse events associated with these agents. The factors to be considered when developing MRI imaging biomarkers for immunotherapy will be reviewed. Finally, the advantages and limitations of each approach will be discussed, as well as the challenges for future clinical translation into routine clinical care. Given the increasing use of immunotherapy in a wide range of cancers and the ability of MRI to detect the microstructural and functional changes associated with successful response to immunotherapy, the technique has great potential for more widespread and routine use in the future for these applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Lau
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pippa G Corrie
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mîndrilă B, Buteică SA, Mîndrilă I, Mihaiescu DE, Mănescu MD, Rogoveanu I. Administration Routes as Modulators of the Intrahepatic Distribution and Anti-Anemic Activity of Salicylic Acid/Fe3O4 Nanoparticles. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051213. [PMID: 35625949 PMCID: PMC9138897 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a key organ in the pharmacokinetics of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). This paper examined how the intravenous (IV) or intragastric (IG) route of administration influenced the intrahepatic distribution or therapeutic effects of IONPs. Wistar rats, some with bleeding-induced anemia, and iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with salicylic acid (SaIONPs), with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 73 nm, compatible with rat sinusoid fenestrations, were used in this study. Light microscopy and multispectral camera analysis of Prussian blue labeled SaIONPs allowed mapping of intrahepatic nanoparticle deposits and revealed intrahepatic distribution patterns specific to each route of administration: loading of Kupffer cells and periportal hepatocytes when the IV route was used and predominant loading of hepatocytes when the IG route was used. Reducing the time to return to baseline values for hemoglobin (HGB) in rats with bleeding-induced anemia with IV or IG therapy has proven the therapeutic potential of SaIONPs in such anemias. The long-term follow-up showed that IV therapy resulted in higher HGB values. Proper use of the administration routes may modulate intrahepatic distribution and therapeutic effects of nanoparticles. These results may be beneficial in theragnosis of liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Mîndrilă
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (B.M.); (M.-D.M.)
| | - Sandra-Alice Buteică
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ion Mîndrilă
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Dan-Eduard Mihaiescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marina-Daniela Mănescu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (B.M.); (M.-D.M.)
| | - Ion Rogoveanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nanomaterial-Based Drug Targeted Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases: Ischemic Heart Failure and Atherosclerosis. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the most important epidemic of our century, with more than 37 million patients globally. Furthermore, CVDs are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and also increased hospitalization rates and poor quality of life. Out of the plethora of conditions that can lead to CVDs, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease are responsible for more than 2/3 of the cases that end in severe heart failure and finally death. Current therapy strategies for CVDs focus mostly on symptomatic benefits and have a moderate impact on the underlying physiopathological mechanisms. Modern therapies try to approach different physiopathological pathways such as reduction of inflammation, macrophage regulation, inhibition of apoptosis, stem-cell differentiation and cellular regeneration. Recent technological advances make possible the development of several nanoparticles used not only for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, but also for targeted drug delivery. Due to their high specificity, nanocarriers can deliver molecules with poor pharmacokinetics and dynamics such as: peptides, proteins, polynucleotides, genes and even stem cells. In this review we focused on the applications of nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic heart failure and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pathak V, Nolte T, Rama E, Rix A, Dadfar SM, Paefgen V, Banala S, Buhl EM, Weiler M, Schulz V, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Molecular magnetic resonance imaging of Alpha-v-Beta-3 integrin expression in tumors with ultrasound microbubbles. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120896. [PMID: 34090049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbubbles (MB) are used as ultrasound (US) contrast agents and can be efficiently targeted against markers of angiogenesis and inflammation. Due to their gas core, MB locally alter susceptibilities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but unfortunately, the resulting contrast is low and not sufficient to generate powerful molecular MRI probes. Therefore, we investigated whether a potent molecular MR agent can be generated by encapsulating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) in the polymeric shell of poly (n-butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA) MB and targeted them against αvβ3 integrins on the angiogenic vasculature of 4T1 murine breast carcinomas. SPION-MB consist of an air core and a multi-layered polymeric shell enabling efficient entrapment of SPION. The mean size of SPION-MB was 1.61 ± 0.32 μm. Biotin-streptavidin coupling was employed to functionalize the SPION-MB with cyclic RGDfK (Arg-Gly-Asp) and RADfK (Arg-Ala-Asp) peptides. Cells incubated with RGD-SPION-MB showed enhanced transverse relaxation rates compared with SPION-MB and blocking αvβ3 integrin receptors with excess free cRGDfK significantly reduced RGD-SPION-MB binding. Due to the fast binding of RGD-SPION-MB in vivo, dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI was employed to track their retention in tumors in real-time. Higher retention of RGD-SPION-MB was observed compared with SPION-MB and RAD-SPION-MB. To corroborate our MRI results, molecular US was performed the following day using the destruction-replenishment method. Both imaging modalities consistently indicated higher retention of RGD-SPION-MB in angiogenic vessels compared with SPION-MB and RAD-SPION-MB. Competitive blocking experiments in mice further confirmed that the binding of RGD-SPION-MB to αvβ3 integrin receptors is specific. Overall, this study demonstrates that RGD-SPION-MB can be employed as molecular MR/US contrast agents and are capable of assessing the αvβ3 integrin expression in the neovasculature of malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vertika Pathak
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Teresa Nolte
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Rama
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Vera Paefgen
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Srinivas Banala
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscope Facility, University Hospital RWTH, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marek Weiler
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Volkmar Schulz
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
VCAM-1 Target in Non-Invasive Imaging for the Detection of Atherosclerotic Plaques. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110368. [PMID: 33138124 PMCID: PMC7692297 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of morbimortality worldwide. They are mainly caused by atherosclerosis, with progressive plaque formation in the arterial wall. In this context, several imaging techniques have been developed to screen, detect and quantify atherosclerosis. Early screening improves primary prevention and promotes the prescription of adequate medication before adverse clinical events. In this review, we focus on the imaging of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, an adhesion molecule involved in the first stages of the development of atherosclerosis. This molecule could therefore be a promising target to detect early atherosclerosis non-invasively. Potential clinical applications are critically discussed. Abstract Atherosclerosis is a progressive chronic arterial disease characterised by atheromatous plaque formation in the intima of the arterial wall. Several invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques have been developed to detect and characterise atherosclerosis in the vessel wall: anatomic/structural imaging, functional imaging and molecular imaging. In molecular imaging, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a promising target for the non-invasive detection of atherosclerosis and for the assessment of novel antiatherogenic treatments. VCAM-1 is an adhesion molecule expressed on the activated endothelial surface that binds leucocyte ligands and therefore promotes leucocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. Hence, for several years, there has been an increase in molecular imaging methods for detecting VCAM-1 in MRI, PET, SPECT, optical imaging and ultrasound. The use of microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO), ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO), microbubbles, echogenic immunoliposomes, peptides, nanobodies and other nanoparticles has been described. However, these approaches have been tested in animal models, and the remaining challenge is bench-to-bedside development and clinical applicability.
Collapse
|
9
|
Voss L, Yilmaz K, Burkard L, Vidmar J, Stock V, Hoffmann U, Pötz O, Hammer HS, Peiser M, Braeuning A, Löschner K, Böhmert L, Sieg H. Impact of iron oxide nanoparticles on xenobiotic metabolism in HepaRG cells. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:4023-4035. [PMID: 32914219 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are used in various industrial fields, as a tool in biomedicine as well as in food colorants, and can therefore reach human metabolism via oral uptake or injection. However, their effects on the human body, especially the liver as one of the first target organs is still under elucidation. Here, we studied the influence of different representative iron oxide materials on xenobiotic metabolism of HepaRG cells. These included four iron oxide nanoparticles, one commercially available yellow food pigment (E172), and non-particulate ionic control FeSO4. The nanoparticles had different chemical and crystalline structures and differed in size and shape and were used at a concentration of 50 µg Fe/mL. We found that various CYP enzymes were downregulated by some but not all iron oxide nanoparticles, with the Fe3O4-particle, both γ-Fe2O3-particles, and FeSO4 exhibiting the strongest effects, the yellow food pigment E172 showing a minor effect and an α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle leading to almost no inhibition of phase I machinery. The downregulation was seen at the mRNA, protein expression, and activity levels. Thereby, no dependency on the size or chemical structure was found. This underlines the difficulty of the grouping of nanomaterials regarding their physiological impact, suggesting that every iron oxide nanoparticle species needs to be evaluated in a case-by-case approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linn Voss
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kiymet Yilmaz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Burkard
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janja Vidmar
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Hoffmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Pötz
- SIGNATOPE GmbH, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Peiser
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Löschner
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The term "nanotechnology" was coined by Norio Taniguchi in the 1970s to describe the manipulation of materials at the nano (10-9) scale, and the term "nanomedicine" was put forward by Eric Drexler and Robert Freitas Jr. in the 1990s to signify the application of nanotechnology in medicine. Nanomedicine encompasses a variety of systems including nanoparticles, nanofibers, surface nano-patterning, nanoporous matrices, and nanoscale coatings. Of these, nanoparticle-based applications in drug formulations and delivery have emerged as the most utilized nanomedicine system. This review aims to present a comprehensive assessment of nanomedicine approaches in vascular diseases, emphasizing particle designs, therapeutic effects, and current state-of-the-art. The expected advantages of utilizing nanoparticles for drug delivery stem from the particle's ability to (1) protect the drug from plasma-induced deactivation; (2) optimize drug pharmacokinetics and biodistribution; (3) enhance drug delivery to the disease site via passive and active mechanisms; (4) modulate drug release mechanisms via diffusion, degradation, and other unique stimuli-triggered processes; and (5) biodegrade or get eliminated safely from the body. Several nanoparticle systems encapsulating a variety of payloads have shown these advantages in vascular drug delivery applications in preclinical evaluation. At the same time, new challenges have emerged regarding discrepancy between expected and actual fate of nanoparticles in vivo, manufacturing barriers of complex nanoparticle designs, and issues of toxicity and immune response, which have limited successful clinical translation of vascular nanomedicine systems. In this context, this review will discuss challenges and opportunities to advance the field of vascular nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gd(DOTA)-grafted submicronic polysaccharide-based particles functionalized with fucoidan as potential MR contrast agent able to target human activated platelets. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116457. [PMID: 32718599 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of thrombotic events remains a big medical challenge. Dextran-based submicronic particles bearing Gd(DOTA) groups and functionalized with fucoidan have been produced via a simple and green water-in-oil emulsification/co-crosslinking process. Their capacity to bind to human activated platelets was evidenced in vitro as well as their cytocompatibility with human endothelial cells. The presence of Gd(DOTA) moieties was confirmed by elemental analysis and total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TRXF) spectrometry. Detailed characterization of particles was performed in terms of size distribution, morphology, and relaxation rates. In particular, longitudinal and transversal proton relaxivities were respectively 1.7 and 5.0 times higher than those of DOTAREM. This study highlights their potential as an MRI diagnostic platform for atherothrombosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen J, Ren G, Cai R, Wu X, Gui T, Zhao J, Li H, Guo C. Cellular magnetic resonance imaging: in vivo tracking of gastric cancer cells and detecting of lymph node metastases using microparticles of iron oxide in mice. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7317-7326. [PMID: 31447589 PMCID: PMC6683948 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s206043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monitoring the fate of implanted cells over time in an experimental animal may provide a new way to track the metastatic process. Lymph node metastase is of extremely importance for the prognostic prediction of gastric carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using micron-sized superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (MPIO), for monitoring of the fate of gastric cancer cells and detecting the migration of gastric cancer cells through the lymphatic system in a mouse model. Methods SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells were labeled with green fluorescent MPIO. The cells were monitored in vitro at multiple time points by staining for iron-labeled cells and by flow cytometric detection of the fluorescent MPIO. MPIO-labeled cells were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice, and cellular MRI was performed at different time points until 35 days postinjection. Results The potential for retention of the iron particles in vitro was evaluated. Our results showed that the labeling and uptake efficiency of MPIO reached 90.0% after 24 hrs of incubation, and a small percentage of cells that retained MPIO could be examined until 16 days after labeling. In vivo MRI-based tracking over several weeks in mice revealed regions of signal loss in the primary tumors for up to 5 weeks. Furthermore, small regions of signal void were detected in images of the inguinal lymph nodes in three mice at day 28 postinjection or later, and histological assays confirmed the presence of iron-labeled cancer cells. Conclusion This study supports MPIO-based cell tracking is a useful tool for monitoring the fate of gastric cancer cells in mice over time, which may facilitate progress in understanding the mechanisms of early regional lymph node micrometastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ren
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangru Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Gui
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxi Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Li
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mohammadpour R, Dobrovolskaia MA, Cheney DL, Greish KF, Ghandehari H. Subchronic and chronic toxicity evaluation of inorganic nanoparticles for delivery applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:112-132. [PMID: 31295521 PMCID: PMC6745262 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles provide the opportunity to localize bioactive agents to the target sites and protect them from degradation. In many cases, acute toxicities of inorganic nanoparticles used for delivery applications have been investigated. However, little information is available regarding the long-term toxicity of such materials. This review focuses on the importance of subchronic and chronic toxicity assessment of inorganic nanoparticles investigated for delivery applications. We have attempted to provide a comprehensive review of the available literature for chronic toxicity assessment of inorganic nanoparticles. Where possible correlations are made between particle composition, physiochemical properties, duration, frequency and route of administration, as well as the sex of animals, with tissue and blood toxicity, immunotoxicity and genotoxicity. A critical gap analysis is provided and important factors that need to be considered for long-term toxicology of inorganic nanoparticles are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Mohammadpour
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Darwin L Cheney
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Khaled F Greish
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain; Nanomedicine Research Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim KS, Song CG, Kang PM. Targeting Oxidative Stress Using Nanoparticles as a Theranostic Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:733-746. [PMID: 29228781 PMCID: PMC6350062 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nanomedicine is an application of nanotechnology that provides solutions to unmet medical challenges. The unique features of nanoparticles, such as their small size, modifiable components, and diverse functionality, make them attractive and suitable materials for novel diagnostic, therapeutic, or theranostic applications. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of noncommunicable illness in both developing and developed countries. Nanomedicine offers novel theranostic options for the treatment of CVDs. Recent Advances: Many innovative nanoparticles to target reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been developed. In this article, we review the characteristics of nanoparticles that are responsive to ROS, their limitations, and their potential clinical uses. Significant advances made in diagnosis of atherosclerosis and treatment of acute coronary syndrome using nanoparticles are discussed. CRITICAL ISSUES Although there is a tremendous potential for the nanoparticle applications in medicine, their safety should be considered while using in humans. We discuss the challenges that may be encountered with some of the innovative nanoparticles used in CVDs. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The unique properties of nanoparticles offer novel diagnostic tool and potential therapeutic strategies. However, nanomedicine is still in its infancy, and further in-depth studies are needed before wide clinical application is achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kye S Kim
- 1 Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chul Gyu Song
- 3 Department of Electronic Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Peter M Kang
- 1 Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Constantinescu CA, Fuior EV, Rebleanu D, Deleanu M, Simion V, Voicu G, Escriou V, Manduteanu I, Simionescu M, Calin M. Targeted Transfection Using PEGylated Cationic Liposomes Directed Towards P-Selectin Increases siRNA Delivery into Activated Endothelial Cells. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E47. [PMID: 30669699 PMCID: PMC6359248 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
: The progress in small-interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics depends on the development of suitable nanocarriers to perform specific and effective delivery to dysfunctional cells. In this paper, we questioned whether P-selectin, a cell adhesion molecule specifically expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells (EC) could be employed as a target for nanotherapeutic intervention. To this purpose, we developed and characterized P-selectin targeted PEGylated cationic liposomes able to efficiently pack siRNA and to function as efficient vectors for siRNA delivery to tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activated EC. Targeted cationic liposomes were obtained by coupling a peptide with high affinity for P-selectin to a functionalized PEGylated phospholipid inserted in the liposomes' bilayer (Psel-lipo). As control, scrambled peptide coupled cationic liposomes (Scr-lipo) were used. The lipoplexes obtained by complexation of Psel-lipo with siRNA (Psel-lipo/siRNA) were taken up specifically and at a higher extent by TNF-α activated b.End3 endothelial cells as compared to non-targeted Scr-lipo/siRNA. The Psel-lipo/siRNA delivered with high efficiency siRNA into the cells. The lipoplexes were functional as demonstrated by the down-regulation of the selected gene (GAPDH). The results demonstrate an effective targeted delivery of siRNA into cultured activated endothelial cells using P-selectin directed PEGylated cationic liposomes, which subsequently knock-down the desired gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ana Constantinescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (UASVM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 050097 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Elena Valeria Fuior
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Daniela Rebleanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mariana Deleanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (UASVM), Faculty of Biotechnologies, 011464 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Viorel Simion
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Geanina Voicu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Virginie Escriou
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS) UMR 8258, 75006 Paris, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS) U 1022, 75006 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), 75006 Paris, France.
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Ileana Manduteanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Manuela Calin
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
MRI visualization of neuroinflammation using VCAM-1 targeted paramagnetic micelles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2341-2350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
17
|
Sedighi M, Bahmani M, Asgary S, Beyranvand F, Rafieian-Kopaei M. A review of plant-based compounds and medicinal plants effective on atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 22:30. [PMID: 28461816 PMCID: PMC5390544 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.202151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases that involve vessels through the development of fatty streaks and plaques. Plant-based compounds can help treat or prevent atherosclerosis through affecting the involved factors. The main purpose of this review article is to investigate and introduce medicinal plants and their potential activities regarding antioxidant properties, effective on lipids level and development of plaque, atherosclerosis, and progression of atherosclerosis as well as the development of cardiovascular disease and ischemia. To search for the relevant articles indexed in Information Sciences Institute, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, and Scopus between 1980 and 2013, with further emphasis on those indexed from 2004 to 2015, we used these search terms: atherosclerosis, antioxidant, cholesterol, inflammation, and the medicinal plants below. Then, the articles with inclusion criteria were used in the final analysis of the findings. Plant-based active compounds, including phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants, can be effective on atherosclerosis predisposing factors and hence in preventing this disease and associated harmful complications, especially through reducing cholesterol, preventing increase in free radicals, and ultimately decreasing vascular plaque and vascular resistance. Hence, medicinal plants can contribute to treating atherosclerosis and preventing its progression through reducing cholesterolemia, free radicals, inflammation, vascular resistance, and certain enzymes. They, alone or in combination with hypocholesterolemic drugs, can therefore be useful for patients with hyperlipidemia and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Sedighi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Bahmani
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Beyranvand
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Quenault A, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Etard O, Gauberti M, Orset C, Haelewyn B, Segal HC, Rothwell PM, Vivien D, Touzé E, Ali C. Molecular magnetic resonance imaging discloses endothelial activation after transient ischaemic attack. Brain 2016; 140:146-157. [PMID: 28031221 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SEE SUN ET AL DOI101093/AWW306 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE: About 20% of patients with ischaemic stroke have a preceding transient ischaemic attack, which is clinically defined as focal neurological symptoms of ischaemic origin resolving spontaneously. Failure to diagnose transient ischaemic attack is a wasted opportunity to prevent recurrent disabling stroke. Unfortunately, diagnosis can be difficult, due to numerous mimics, and to the absence of a specific test. New diagnostic tools are thus needed, in particular for radiologically silent cases, which correspond to the recommended tissue-based definition of transient ischaemic attack. As endothelial activation is a hallmark of cerebrovascular events, we postulated that this may also be true for transient ischaemic attack, and that it would be clinically relevant to develop non-invasive in vivo imaging to detect this endothelial activation. Using transcriptional and immunohistological analyses for adhesion molecules in a mouse model, we identified brain endothelial P-selectin as a potential biomarker for transient ischaemic attack. We thus developed ultra-sensitive molecular magnetic resonance imaging using antibody-based microparticles of iron oxide targeting P-selectin. This highly sensitive imaging strategy unmasked activated endothelial cells after experimental transient ischaemic attack and allowed discriminating transient ischaemic attack from epilepsy and migraine, two important transient ischaemic attack mimics. We provide preclinical evidence that combining conventional magnetic resonance imaging with molecular magnetic resonance imaging targeting P-selectin might aid in the diagnosis of transient ischaemic attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Quenault
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Olivier Etard
- 2 CHU de Caen, Laboratoire des Explorations Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux, 14000 Caen, France.,3 Medical School, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Maxime Gauberti
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Cyrille Orset
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Benoît Haelewyn
- 4 Centre Universitaire de Ressources Biologiques, Université Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Helen C Segal
- 5 Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- 5 Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Denis Vivien
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.,6 CHU Caen, Department of Clinical Research, CHU Caen Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Touzé
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.,7 CHU Caen, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Carine Ali
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Csősz É, Kalló G, Márkus B, Deák E, Csutak A, Tőzsér J. Quantitative body fluid proteomics in medicine - A focus on minimal invasiveness. J Proteomics 2016; 153:30-43. [PMID: 27542507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Identification of new biomarkers specific for various pathological conditions is an important field in medical sciences. Body fluids have emerging potential in biomarker studies especially those which are continuously available and can be collected by non-invasive means. Changes in the protein composition of body fluids such as tears, saliva, sweat, etc. may provide information on both local and systemic conditions of medical relevance. In this review, our aim is to discuss the quantitative proteomics techniques used in biomarker studies, and to present advances in quantitative body fluid proteomics of non-invasively collectable body fluids with relevance to biomarker identification. The advantages and limitations of the widely used quantitative proteomics techniques are also presented. Based on the reviewed literature, we suggest an ideal pipeline for body fluid analyses aiming at biomarkers discoveries: starting from identification of biomarker candidates by shotgun quantitative proteomics or protein arrays, through verification of potential biomarkers by targeted mass spectrometry, to the antibody-based validation of biomarkers. The importance of body fluids as a rich source of biomarkers is discussed. SIGNIFICANCE Quantitative proteomics is a challenging part of proteomics applications. The body fluids collected by non-invasive means have high relevance in medicine; they are good sources for biomarkers used in establishing the diagnosis, follow up of disease progression and predicting high risk groups. The review presents the most widely used quantitative proteomics techniques in body fluid analysis and lists the potential biomarkers identified in tears, saliva, sweat, nasal mucus and urine for local and systemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Márkus
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Deák
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Csutak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Van Koninckxloo A, Henoumont C, Laurent S, Muller RN, Vander Elst L. (1) H-NMR relaxometric studies of interaction between apoptosis specific MRI paramagnetic contrast agents and micellar models of apoptotic cells. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:568-574. [PMID: 26647764 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
(1) H-NMR was previously used to analyze the interaction between peptides (E3 and R826) selected by phage display to target apoptotic cells and phospholipidic models of these cells. In order to avoid the use of apoptotic cells and to obtain a fast evaluation of the efficiency of the potential MRI contrast agents obtained by grafting these peptides and their scramble analogs on a paramagnetic gadolinium complex, their proton relaxometric behavior was investigated in the presence of micelles mimicking healthy and apoptotic cells. Their preferential interaction with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine micelles mimicking apoptotic cells as compared with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine micelles modeling healthy cells was shown by nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profiles and the enhancement of the transverse proton relaxation rates at 60 MHz. The association constant values confirm the stronger interaction of the selected conjugated peptides (Ka Gd-PMN-E3(gadolinium 2,2',2'',2'''-[((4-carboxy)pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(methylenenitrilo)]-tetrakis acetate) grafted with E3 peptide): 2.43 10(4) m(-1) ; Ka Gd-DTPA-R826(gadolinium ((1-p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) grafted with R826 peptide): 2.91 10(4) m(-1) ) as compared with their conjugated scrambles (Ka Gd-PMN-E3sc(gadolinium 2,2',2'',2'''-[((4-carboxy)pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(methylenenitrilo)]-tetrakis acetate) grafted with E3 scramble peptide): 0.18 10(4) m(-1) ; Ka Gd-DTPA-R826sc(gadolinium ((1-p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) grafted with R826 scramble peptide): 0.32 10(4) m(-1) ) even if the conjugation of E3 and R826 seems to decrease their interaction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Van Koninckxloo
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Céline Henoumont
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
- CMMI - Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Robert N Muller
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
- CMMI - Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
- CMMI - Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Molecular imaging offers great potential for noninvasive visualization and quantitation of the cellular and molecular components involved in atherosclerotic plaque stability. In this chapter, we review emerging molecular imaging modalities and approaches for quantitative, noninvasive detection of early biological processes in atherogenesis, including vascular endothelial permeability, endothelial adhesion molecule up-regulation, and macrophage accumulation, with special emphasis on mouse models. We also highlight a number of targeted imaging nanomaterials for assessment of advanced atherosclerotic plaques, including extracellular matrix degradation, proteolytic enzyme activity, and activated platelets using mouse models of atherosclerosis. The potential for clinical translation of molecular imaging nanomaterials for assessment of atherosclerotic plaque biology, together with multimodal approaches is also discussed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shevtsov MA, Nikolaev BP, Ryzhov VA, Yakovleva LY, Dobrodumov AV, Marchenko YY, Margulis BA, Pitkin E, Mikhrina AL, Guzhova IV, Multhoff G. Detection of experimental myocardium infarction in rats by MRI using heat shock protein 70 conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:611-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Liu G, Hu Y, Xiao J, Li X, Li Y, Tan H, Zhao Y, Cheng D, Shi H. 99mTc-labelled anti-CD11b SPECT/CT imaging allows detection of plaque destabilization tightly linked to inflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20900. [PMID: 26877097 PMCID: PMC4753504 DOI: 10.1038/srep20900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains challenging to predict the risk of rupture for a specific atherosclerotic plaque timely, a thrombotic trigger tightly linked to inflammation. CD11b, is a biomarker abundant on inflammatory cells, not restricted to monocytes/macrophages. In this study, we fabricated a probe named as 99mTc-MAG3-anti-CD11b for detecting inflamed atherosclerotic plaques with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). The ApoE-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice were selected to establish animal models, with C57BL/6J mice used for control. A higher CD11b+-cell recruitment with higher CD11b expression and more serious whole-body inflammatory status were identified in ApoE−/− mice. The probe showed high in vitro affinity and specificity to the Raw-264.7 macrophages, as well as inflammatory cells infiltrated in atherosclerotic plaques, either in ex vivo fluorescent imaging or in in vivo micro-SPECT/CT imaging, which were confirmed by ex vivo planar gamma imaging, Oil-Red-O staining and CD11b-immunohistochemistry staining. A significant positive relationship was identified between the radioactivity intensity on SPECT/CT images and the CD11b expression in plaques. In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of anti-CD11b antibody mediated noninvasive SPECT/CT imaging of inflammatory leukocytes in murine atherosclerotic plaques. This imaging strategy can identify inflammation-rich plaques at risk for rupture and evaluate the effectiveness of inflammation-targeted therapies in atheroma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fan L, Zhang B, Zhang H, Jia X, Chen X, Zhang Q. Preparation of light core/shell magnetic composite microspheres and their application for lipase immobilization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe3O4@P(GMA-DVB-MAA) magnetic composite microspheres were prepared by facile one-pot distillation–precipitation polymerization and were modified with amino groups for the immobilization of lipase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Fan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Baoliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Hepeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Xiangkun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Arami H, Khandhar A, Liggitt D, Krishnan KM. In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8576-607. [PMID: 26390044 PMCID: PMC4648695 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00541h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been extensively used during the last two decades, either as effective bio-imaging contrast agents or as carriers of biomolecules such as drugs, nucleic acids and peptides for controlled delivery to specific organs and tissues. Most of these novel applications require elaborate tuning of the physiochemical and surface properties of the IONPs. As new IONPs designs are envisioned, synergistic consideration of the body's innate biological barriers against the administered nanoparticles and the short and long-term side effects of the IONPs become even more essential. There are several important criteria (e.g. size and size-distribution, charge, coating molecules, and plasma protein adsorption) that can be effectively tuned to control the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the IONPs. This paper reviews these crucial parameters, in light of biological barriers in the body, and the latest IONPs design strategies used to overcome them. A careful review of the long-term biodistribution and side effects of the IONPs in relation to nanoparticle design is also given. While the discussions presented in this review are specific to IONPs, some of the information can be readily applied to other nanoparticle systems, such as gold, silver, silica, calcium phosphates and various polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Arami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Amit Khandhar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Kannan M. Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Setyawati MI, Tay CY, Docter D, Stauber RH, Leong DT. Understanding and exploiting nanoparticles' intimacy with the blood vessel and blood. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8174-99. [PMID: 26239875 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While the blood vessel is seldom the target tissue, almost all nanomedicine will interact with blood vessels and blood at some point of time along its life cycle in the human body regardless of their intended destination. Despite its importance, many bionanotechnologists do not feature endothelial cells (ECs), the blood vessel cells, or consider blood effects in their studies. Including blood vessel cells in the study can greatly increase our understanding of the behavior of any given nanomedicine at the tissue of interest or to understand side effects that may occur in vivo. In this review, we will first describe the diversity of EC types found in the human body and their unique behaviors and possibly how these important differences can implicate nanomedicine behavior. Subsequently, we will discuss about the protein corona derived from blood with foci on the physiochemical aspects of nanoparticles (NPs) that dictate the protein corona characteristics. We would also discuss about how NPs characteristics can affect uptake by the endothelium. Subsequently, mechanisms of how NPs could cross the endothelium to access the tissue of interest. Throughout the paper, we will share some novel nanomedicine related ideas and insights that were derived from the understanding of the NPs' interaction with the ECs. This review will inspire more exciting nanotechnologies that had accounted for the complexities of the real human body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Atherosclerosis Using CD81-Targeted Microparticles of Iron Oxide in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:758616. [PMID: 26266263 PMCID: PMC4523685 DOI: 10.1155/2015/758616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using CD81- (Cluster of Differentiation 81 protein-) targeted microparticles of iron oxide (CD81-MPIO) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the murine atherosclerosis. CD81-MPIO and IgG- (Immunoglobulin G-) MPIO were prepared by covalently conjugating, respectively, with anti-CD81 monoclonal and IgG antibodies to the surface of the tosyl activated MPIO. The relevant binding capability of the MPIO was examined by incubating them with murine bEnd.3 cells stimulated with phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and its effect in shortening T2 relaxation time was also examined. MRI in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice was studied in vivo. Our results show that CD81-MPIO, but not IgG-MPIO, can bind to the PMS-stimulated bEnd.3 cells. The T2 relaxation time was significantly shortened for stimulated bEnd.3 cells when compared with IgG-MPIO. In vivo MRI in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice showed highly conspicuous areas of low signal after CD81-MPIO injection. Quantitative analysis of the area of CD81-MPIO contrast effects showed 8.96- and 6.98-fold increase in comparison with IgG-MPIO or plain MPIO, respectively (P < 0.01). Histological assay confirmed the expression of CD81 and CD81-MPIO binding onto atherosclerotic lesions. In conclusion, CD81-MPIO allows molecular assessment of murine atherosclerotic lesions by magnetic resonance imaging.
Collapse
|
28
|
Moonen RPM, van der Tol P, Hectors SJCG, Starmans LWE, Nicolay K, Strijkers GJ. Spin-lock MR enhances the detection sensitivity of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:1740-9. [PMID: 25470118 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate spin-lock MR for detecting superparamagnetic iron oxides and compare the detection sensitivity of quantitative T1ρ with T2 imaging. METHODS In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T1ρ . These comprise T1ρ and T2 measurements (B0 = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). T1ρ dispersion was measured for a range of spin-lock amplitudes (γB1 = 6.5-91 kHz). Under relevant in vivo conditions (B0 = 9.4T; γB1 = 100-1500 Hz), T1ρ and T2 mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. RESULTS Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T1ρ as well as the native T1ρ dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. Changes of T1ρ were highly linear with iron concentration and much larger than T2 changes. MPIO did not show this effect. In vivo, a decrease of T1ρ was observed with no clear influence on T1ρ dispersion. CONCLUSION By suppression of T1ρ dispersion, iron oxide nanoparticles cause enhanced T1ρ contrast compared to T2 . The underlying mechanism appears to be loss of lock. Spin-lock MR is therefore a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rik P M Moonen
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pieternel van der Tol
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie J C G Hectors
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas W E Starmans
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abdalla AME, Xiao L, Ouyang C, Yang G. Engineered nanoparticles: thrombotic events in cancer. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14141-14152. [PMID: 25347245 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04825c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles are being increasingly produced for specific applications in medicine. Broad selections of nano-sized constructs have been developed for applications in diagnosis, imaging, and drug delivery. Nanoparticles as contrast agents enable conjugation with molecular markers which are essential for designing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Such investigations can also lead to a better understanding of disease mechanisms such as cancer-associated thrombosis which remains unpredictable with serious bleeding complications and high risk of death. Here we review the recent and current applications of engineered nanoparticles in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, noting their toxicity in relation to specific markers as a target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M E Abdalla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jin R, Lin B, Li D, Ai H. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MR imaging and therapy: design considerations and clinical applications. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 18:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Bonnard T, Serfaty JM, Journé C, Ho Tin Noe B, Arnaud D, Louedec L, Derkaoui SM, Letourneur D, Chauvierre C, Le Visage C. Leukocyte mimetic polysaccharide microparticles tracked in vivo on activated endothelium and in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3535-45. [PMID: 24769117 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have developed injectable microparticles functionalized with fucoidan, in which sulfated groups mimic the anchor sites of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), one of the principal receptors supporting leukocyte adhesion. These targeted microparticles were combined with a fluorescent dye and a T2(∗) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, and then tracked in vivo with small animal imaging methods. Microparticles of 2.5μm were obtained by a water-in-oil emulsification combined with a cross-linking process of polysaccharide dextran, fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, pullulan and fucoidan mixed with ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide. Fluorescent intravital microscopy observation revealed dynamic adsorption and a leukocyte-like behaviour of fucoidan-functionalized microparticles on a calcium ionophore induced an activated endothelial layer of a mouse mesentery vessel. We observed 20times more adherent microparticles on the activated endothelium area after the injection of functionalized microparticles compared to non-functionalized microparticles (197±11 vs. 10±2). This imaging tool was then applied to rats presenting an elastase perfusion model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and 7.4T in vivo MRI was performed. Visual analysis of T2(∗)-weighted MR images showed a significant contrast enhancement on the inner wall of the aneurysm from 30min to 2h after the injection. Histological analysis of AAA cryosections revealed microparticles localized inside the aneurysm wall, in the same areas in which immunostaining shows P-selectin expression. The developed leukocyte mimetic imaging tool could therefore be relevant for molecular imaging of vascular diseases and for monitoring biologically active areas prone to rupture in AAA.
Collapse
|
32
|
Varma N, Hinojar R, D'Cruz D, Arroyo Ucar E, Indermuehle A, Peel S, Greil G, Gaddum N, Chowienczyk P, Nagel E, Botnar RM, Puntmann VO. Coronary vessel wall contrast enhancement imaging as a potential direct marker of coronary involvement: integration of findings from CAD and SLE patients. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 7:762-70. [PMID: 25051945 PMCID: PMC4136741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the feasibility of visual and quantitative assessment of coronary vessel wall contrast enhancement (CE) for detection of symptomatic atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) and subclinical coronary vasculitis in autoimmune inflammatory disease (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]), as well as the association with aortic stiffness, an established marker of risk. Background Coronary CE by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a novel noninvasive approach to visualize gadolinium contrast uptake within the coronary artery vessel wall. Methods A total of 75 subjects (CAD: n = 25; SLE: n = 27; control: n = 23) underwent CMR imaging using a 3-T clinical scanner. Coronary arteries were visualized by a T2-prepared steady state free precession technique. Coronary wall CE was visualized using inversion-recovery T1 weighted gradient echo sequence 40 min after administration of 0.2 mmol/kg gadobutrol. Proximal coronary segments were visually examined for distribution of CE and quantified for contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and total CE area. Results Coronary CE was prevalent in patients (93%, n = 42) with a diffuse pattern for SLE and a patchy/regional distribution in CAD patients. Compared with control subjects, CNR values and total CE area in patients with CAD and SLE were significantly higher (mean CNR: 3.9 ± 2.5 vs. 6.9 ± 2.5 vs. 6.8 ± 2.0, respectively; p < 0.001; total CE area: median 0.8 [interquartile range (IQR): 0.6 to 1.2] vs. 3.2 [IQR: 2.6 to 4.0] vs. 3.3 [IQR: 1.9 to 4.5], respectively; p < 0.001). Both measures were positively associated with aortic stiffness (CNR: r = 0.61, p < 0.01; total CE area: 0.36, p = 0.03), hypercholesterolemia (r = 0.68, p < 0.001; r = 0.61, p < 0.001) and hypertension (r = 0.40, p < 0.01; r = 0.32, p < 0.05). Conclusions We demonstrate that quantification of coronary CE by CNR and total CE area is feasible for detection of subclinical and clinical uptake of gadolinium within the coronary vessel wall. Coronary vessel wall CE may become an instrumental novel direct marker of vessel wall injury and remodeling in subpopulations at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Varma
- Cardiovascular Imaging Department, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Hinojar
- Cardiovascular Imaging Department, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David D'Cruz
- The Lupus Unit, Rayne's Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Arroyo Ucar
- Cardiovascular Imaging Department, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Indermuehle
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Peel
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Greil
- Cardiovascular Imaging Department, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Gaddum
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Chowienczyk
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eike Nagel
- Cardiovascular Imaging Department, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rene M Botnar
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina O Puntmann
- Cardiovascular Imaging Department, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
von Elverfeldt D, Maier A, Duerschmied D, Braig M, Witsch T, Wang X, Mauler M, Neudorfer I, Menza M, Idzko M, Zirlik A, Heidt T, Bronsert P, Bode C, Peter K, von Zur Muhlen C. Dual-contrast molecular imaging allows noninvasive characterization of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury after coronary vessel occlusion in mice by magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2014; 130:676-87. [PMID: 24951772 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.008157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and myocardial necrosis play important roles in ischemia/reperfusion injury after coronary artery occlusion and recanalization. The detection of inflammatory activity and the extent of myocardial necrosis itself are of great clinical and prognostic interest. We developed a dual, noninvasive imaging approach using molecular magnetic resonance imaging in an in vivo mouse model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS Ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in 10-week-old C57BL/6N mice by temporary ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Activated platelets were targeted with a contrast agent consisting of microparticles of iron oxide (MPIOs) conjugated to a single-chain antibody directed against a ligand-induced binding site (LIBS) on activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (LIBS-MPIOs). After injection and imaging of LIBS-MPIOs, late gadolinium enhancement was used to depict myocardial necrosis; these imaging experiments were also performed in P2Y12 (-/-) mice. All imaging results were correlated to immunohistochemistry findings. Activated platelets were detectable by magnetic resonance imaging via a significant signal effect caused by LIBS-MPIOs in the area of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion 2 hours after reperfusion. In parallel, late gadolinium enhancement identified the extent of myocardial necrosis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that LIBS-MPIOs bound significantly to microthrombi in reperfused myocardium. Only background binding was found in P2Y12 (-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Dual molecular imaging of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury allows characterization of platelet-driven inflammation by LIBS-MPIOs and myocardial necrosis by late gadolinium enhancement. This noninvasive imaging strategy is of clinical interest for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes and highlights the potential of molecular magnetic resonance imaging for characterizing ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik von Elverfeldt
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Alexander Maier
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Moritz Braig
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Thilo Witsch
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Maximilian Mauler
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Irene Neudorfer
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Marius Menza
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Marco Idzko
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Timo Heidt
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Peter Bronsert
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Christoph Bode
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.)
| | - Constantin von Zur Muhlen
- From the Department of Radiology-Medical Physics (D.v.E., M.B., M. Menza), Department of Pneumology (M.I.), and Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.B.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.M., D.D., T.W., M. Mauler, I.N., A.Z., T.H., C.B., C.v.z.M.); Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (X.W., K.P.); Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (M. Mauler); and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (T.H.).
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Herranz F, Salinas B, Groult H, Pellico J, Lechuga-Vieco AV, Bhavesh R, Ruiz-Cabello J. Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Atherosclerosis Imaging. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 4:408-438. [PMID: 28344230 PMCID: PMC5304673 DOI: 10.3390/nano4020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The production of magnetic nanoparticles of utmost quality for biomedical imaging requires several steps, from the synthesis of highly crystalline magnetic cores to the attachment of the different molecules on the surface. This last step probably plays the key role in the production of clinically useful nanomaterials. The attachment of the different biomolecules should be performed in a defined and controlled fashion, avoiding the random adsorption of the components that could lead to undesirable byproducts and ill-characterized surface composition. In this work, we review the process of creating new magnetic nanomaterials for imaging, particularly for the detection of atherosclerotic plaque, in vivo. Our focus will be in the different biofunctionalization techniques that we and several other groups have recently developed. Magnetic nanomaterial functionalization should be performed by chemoselective techniques. This approach will facilitate the application of these nanomaterials in the clinic, not as an exception, but as any other pharmacological compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Herranz
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Pulmonary Diseases, Biomedical Research Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Salinas
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Pulmonary Diseases, Biomedical Research Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hugo Groult
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Pulmonary Diseases, Biomedical Research Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Pellico
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Pulmonary Diseases, Biomedical Research Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana V Lechuga-Vieco
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Pulmonary Diseases, Biomedical Research Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Riju Bhavesh
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Ruiz-Cabello
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Pulmonary Diseases, Biomedical Research Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Physicochemistry II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stirrat CG, Newby DE, Robson JMJ, Jansen MA. The Use of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Assess Cardiac Inflammation. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-014-9263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
36
|
Chan JMS, Monaco C, Wylezinska-Arridge M, Tremoleda JL, Gibbs RGJ. Imaging of the vulnerable carotid plaque: biological targeting of inflammation in atherosclerosis using iron oxide particles and MRI. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 47:462-9. [PMID: 24594295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identification of those patients with high-risk asymptomatic carotid plaques remains an elusive but essential step in stroke prevention. Inflammation is a key process in plaque destabilization and the propensity of atherosclerotic lesions to cause clinical sequelae. There is currently no clinical imaging technique available to assess the degree of inflammation associated with plaques. This study aims at visualizing and characterizing atherosclerosis using antibody-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles as an MRI probe to assess inflammation in human atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS Atherosclerotic plaques were collected from 20 consecutive patients (n=10 from symptomatic patients, n=10 from asymptomatic patients) undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for extracranial high-grade internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis (>70% luminal narrowing). Inflammatory markers on human atherosclerotic plaques were detected and characterized by ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using anti-VCAM-1 antibody and anti-E-selectin antibody-conjugated SPIO with confirmatory immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Inflammation associated with human ex vivo atherosclerotic plaques could be imaged using dual antibody-conjugated SPIO by MRI. Symptomatic plaques could be distinguished from asymptomatic ones by the degree of inflammation, and the MR contrast effect was significantly correlated with the degree of plaque inflammation (r=.64, p<.001). The asymptomatic plaque population exhibited heterogeneity in terms of inflammation. The dual-targeted SPIO-induced MR signal not only tracked closely with endothelial activation (i.e. endothelial expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin), but also reflected the macrophage burden within plaque lesions, offering a potential imaging tool for quantitative MRI of inflammatory activity in atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS These functional molecular MRI probes constitute a novel imaging tool for ex vivo characterization of atherosclerosis at a molecular level. Further development and translation into the clinical arena will facilitate more accurate risk stratification in carotid artery disease in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M S Chan
- Regional Vascular Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, UK
| | - C Monaco
- Cytokine Biology of Atherosclerosis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, UK
| | - M Wylezinska-Arridge
- Biological Imaging Centre, Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Imperial College London, UK
| | - J L Tremoleda
- Biological Imaging Centre, Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Imperial College London, UK
| | - R G J Gibbs
- Regional Vascular Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Si JC, Xing Y, Peng ML, Zhang C, Buske N, Chen C, Cui YL. Solvothermal synthesis of tunable iron oxide nanorods and their transfer from organic phase to water phase. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Ardipradja K, Yeoh SD, Alt K, O'Keefe G, Rigopoulos A, Howells DW, Scott AM, Peter K, Ackerman U, Hagemeyer CE. Detection of activated platelets in a mouse model of carotid artery thrombosis with 18 F-labeled single-chain antibodies. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 41:229-37. [PMID: 24440583 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activated platelets are key players in thrombosis and inflammation. We previously generated single-chain antibodies (scFv) against ligand-induced binding sites (LIBS) on the highly abundant platelet glycoprotein integrin receptor IIb/IIIa. The aim of this study was the construction and characterisation of a novel (18)F PET radiotracer based on this antibody. METHODS ScFv(anti-LIBS) and control antibody mut-scFv were reacted with N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate (S[(18)F]FB). Radiolabeled scFv was incubated with in vitro formed platelet clots and injected into mice with FeCl(3) induced thrombus in the left carotid artery. Clots were imaged in the PET scanner and amount of radioactivity measured using an ionization chamber and image analysis. Assessment of vessel injury as well as the biodistribution of the radiolabeled scFv was studied. RESULTS After incubation with increasing concentrations of (18)F-scFv(anti-LIBS) clots had retained significantly higher amounts of radioactivity compared to clots incubated with radiolabeled (18)F-mut-scFv (13.3 ± 3.8 vs. 3.6 ± 1 KBq, p < 0.05, n = 9, decay corrected). In the in vivo experiments we found an high uptake of the tracer in the injured vessel compared with the non-injured vessel, with 12.6 ± 4.7% injected dose per gram (ID/g) uptake in the injured vessel and 3.7 ± 0.9% ID/g in the non-injured vessel 5 minutes after injection (p < 0.05, n = 6). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the novel antibody radiotracer (18)F-scFv(anti-LIBS) is useful for the sensitive detection of activated platelets and thrombosis. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE We describe the first (18)F variant of a scFv(anti-LIBS) against activated platelets. This diagnostic agent could provide a powerful tool for the assessment of acute thrombosis and inflammation in patients in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Ardipradja
- Vascular Biotechnology Laboratory, Baker IDI, Melbourne, Australia; Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI, Melbourne, Australia; Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shinn Dee Yeoh
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Alt
- Vascular Biotechnology Laboratory, Baker IDI, Melbourne, Australia; Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme O'Keefe
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Rigopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Howells
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Uwe Ackerman
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christoph E Hagemeyer
- Vascular Biotechnology Laboratory, Baker IDI, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Superparamagnetic iron oxide based nanoprobes for imaging and theranostics. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 199-200:95-113. [PMID: 23891347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The need to target, deliver and subsequently evaluate the efficacy of therapeutics in the treatment of a disease has provided added impetus in developing novel and highly efficient contrast agents. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have offered tremendous potential in designing advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic agents, due to their unique physicochemical properties. There has been tremendous effort devoted in the recent past in developing synthetic methodologies through which their size, hydrodynamic radii, chemical composition and morphologies could be tailored at the nanoscale. This enables one to fine tune their magnetic behavior, and thus their MRI response. While novel synthetic strategies are being assembled for directing SPIONs to the diseased site as well as imparting them stealth and biocompatibility, it is also essential to evaluate their biological toxicological profiles. This review highlights recent advances that have been made in the synthesis of SPIONs, subsequent functionalization with desired entities, and a discussion on their use as MRI contrast agents in cardiovascular research.
Collapse
|
40
|
Frevert U, Nacer A, Cabrera M, Movila A, Leberl M. Imaging Plasmodium immunobiology in the liver, brain, and lung. Parasitol Int 2013; 63:171-86. [PMID: 24076429 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is responsible for the deaths of over half a million African children annually. Until a decade ago, dynamic analysis of the malaria parasite was limited to in vitro systems with the typical limitations associated with 2D monocultures or entirely artificial surfaces. Due to extremely low parasite densities, the liver was considered a black box in terms of Plasmodium sporozoite invasion, liver stage development, and merozoite release into the blood. Further, nothing was known about the behavior of blood stage parasites in organs such as the brain where clinical signs manifest and the ensuing immune response of the host that may ultimately result in a fatal outcome. The advent of fluorescent parasites, advances in imaging technology, and availability of an ever-increasing number of cellular and molecular probes have helped illuminate many steps along the pathogenetic cascade of this deadly tropical parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Frevert
- Division of Medical Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 E 25 Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jefferson A, Ruparelia N, Choudhury RP. Exogenous microparticles of iron oxide bind to activated endothelial cells but, unlike monocytes, do not trigger an endothelial response. Theranostics 2013; 3:428-36. [PMID: 23781289 PMCID: PMC3677413 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting particles to sites of inflammation is of considerable interest for applications relating to molecular imaging and drug delivery. We and others have described micron-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIO) that can be directed using specific ligands (e.g. antibodies, peptides and oligosaccharides) to bind to mediators of vascular inflammation in vivo. Since leukocyte binding to these molecules can induce changes in the target cell, an outstanding question has been whether the binding of imaging particles to these mediators induces biologically significant changes in the endothelial cells, potentially initiating or propagating inflammation. Here, we address these questions by looking for changes in endothelial cells following binding of contrast agent. Specifically, we have quantified calcium flux, rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and potential secondary changes, such as changes in gene and protein expression follow binding events to primary endothelial cells in vitro. Although leukocytes induced changes to endothelial cell function, we did not see any significant changes to endothelial calcium flux, cytoskeletal organisation, production of ROS or induction of apoptosis in response to antibody-MPIO binding. Furthermore, there were no changes to gene expression monitored via real-time RT-PCR or presentation of protein on the cell surface measured using flow cytometry. Our experiments demonstrate that whilst antibody-targeted microparticles mimic the binding capability of leukocytes to inflamed endothelium, they do not trigger the same cellular responses and do not appear to initiate or compound inflammation. These properties are desirable for targeted therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin P Choudhury
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Molecular Targeting of Imaging and Drug Delivery Probes in Atherosclerosis. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417150-3.00008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
43
|
McAteer MA, Choudhury RP. Targeted molecular imaging of vascular inflammation in cardiovascular disease using nano- and micro-sized agents. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 58:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
44
|
Preparation of magnetic polymer microspheres with reactive epoxide functional groups for direct immobilization of antibody. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
45
|
Grieve SM, Lønborg J, Mazhar J, Tan TC, Ho E, Liu CC, Lay W, Gill AJ, Kuchel P, Bhindi R, Figtree GA. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of rapid VCAM-1 up-regulation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2012; 42:61-70. [PMID: 23052973 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-012-0857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory response plays an important role in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Up-regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM) contributes to this. We examined the feasibility of using intravenously administered VCAM-MPIO (microparticle iron oxide) to characterize VCAM expression patterns in myocardial IR injury. Myocardial ischemia was simulated by 30 min of transient ligation of the left coronary vessel in rats. Purified, monoclonal, rat-specific, mouse VCAM antibody coupled to MPIO was administered through the tail vein at 3 h post reperfusion and the rats were sacrificed 1 h later. High resolution 3D ex vivo MRI images were acquired at 9.4 Tesla. Extensive foci of signal voids were observed on T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequences, which corresponded to focal deposits of MPIOs observed in histological sections. The spatial density of the signal voids (expressed as a percentage of pixels below a threshold value) was increased in the peri-infarct zone compared with non-infarct zone (32.5 ± 4% vs. 13.9 ± 5%; n = 6; p < 0.05) and was substantially greater than the signal loss due to non-specific binding seen in rats administered IgG control MPIO (2.0 ± 1%; n = 6; p < 0.05). The VCAM-specific MPIO signal was also seen in myocardium and pericardium in segments remote from the IR injury, but not in rats undergoing a sham operation. In conclusion, molecular imaging in a model of myocardial IR injury is possible using high field MRI and VCAM-MPIOs and may provide novel insights beyond those achieved by standard histological and molecular analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Grieve
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Quillard T, Libby P. Molecular imaging of atherosclerosis for improving diagnostic and therapeutic development. Circ Res 2012; 111:231-44. [PMID: 22773426 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.268144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent progress, cardiovascular and allied metabolic disorders remain a worldwide health challenge. We must identify new targets for therapy, develop new agents for clinical use, and deploy them in a clinically effective and cost-effective manner. Molecular imaging of atherosclerotic lesions has become a major experimental tool in the last decade, notably by providing a direct gateway to the processes involved in atherogenesis and its complications. This review summarizes the current status of molecular imaging approaches that target the key processes implicated in plaque formation, development, and disruption and highlights how the refinement and application of such tools might aid the development and evaluation of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Quillard
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhu Y, Ling Y, Zhong J, Liu X, Wei K, Huang S. Magnetic resonance imaging of radiation-induced brain injury using targeted microparticles of iron oxide. Acta Radiol 2012; 53:812-9. [PMID: 22798291 DOI: 10.1258/ar.2012.120040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is the most serious complication of primary and metastatic brain and neck malignant tumors following radiation therapy. However, at present, RBI is difficult to diagnose in the early period. Recently, studies have demonstrated that the early stage of RBI is characterized by an inflammatory reaction, and that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is significantly up-regulated in the irradiated brain tissues. PURPOSE To provide an early diagnosis of RBI using molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) targeted to ICAM-1 in the vascular endothelium of brains. MATERIAL AND METHODS A monoclonal antibody against ICAM-1 was conjugated to MPIO to form the targeted MRI contrast agent ICAM-MPIO. The adhesion of ICAM-MPIO to endothelial cells was quantified by optical imaging and MRI. Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated to establish an animal model of the early period of RBI. ICAM-MPIO and free-MPIO were injected via tail vein, respectively. T(2) signal intensity and T(2) values of the irradiated brains and normal brains were subsequently evaluated by MRI. RESULTS In vitro, the adhesion of ICAM-MPIO to the activated endothelial cells was 5 ± 0.5-fold greater than to the non-stimulated cells, which could be detected by optical imaging and MRI (R(2) = 1.0, P < 0.01). In vivo, ICAM-MPIO caused a marked negative MRI contrast effect in irradiated brains. As compared with brains without irradiation, the specific contrast effect increased more than seven-fold after administration of ICAM-MPIO (F = 751.495, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MPIO coated with monoclonal antibody of ICAM-1 could be used for detecting the early period of RBI by optical imaging and MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - You Ling
- China and College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou
| | - Jinglian Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Xueguo Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kun Wei
- China and College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou
| | - Suiqiao Huang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cancer stem cell targeting: the next generation of cancer therapy and molecular imaging. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:227-44. [PMID: 22834199 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the capacity to generate the heterogeneous lineages of all cancer cells comprising a tumor and these populations of cells are likely to be more relevant in determining prognosis. However, these cells do not operate in isolation, but instead rely upon signals co-opted from their microenvironment, making the targeting and imaging of CSCs within a cancer mass a daunting task. A better understanding of the molecular cell biology underlying CSC pathology will facilitate the development of new therapeutic targets and novel strategies for the successful eradication of cancer. In addition, the continued investigation of sensitive molecular-imaging modalities will enable more accurate staging, treatment planning and the ability to monitor the effectiveness of CSC-targeted therapies in vivo. In this review, we explore the possibilities and limitations of CSC-directed therapies and molecular imaging modalities.
Collapse
|
49
|
Molecular Imaging of Selectins in Endothelial Activation. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-012-9143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
50
|
de Barros AB, Tsourkas A, Saboury B, Cardoso VN, Alavi A. Emerging role of radiolabeled nanoparticles as an effective diagnostic technique. EJNMMI Res 2012; 2:39. [PMID: 22809406 PMCID: PMC3441881 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-2-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is emerging as a promising approach for diagnostic applications. Nanoparticles are structures in the nanometer size range, which can present different shapes, compositions, charges, surface modifications, in vitro and in vivo stabilities, and in vivo performances. Nanoparticles can be made of materials of diverse chemical nature, the most common being metals, metal oxides, silicates, polymers, carbon, lipids, and biomolecules. Nanoparticles exist in various morphologies, such as spheres, cylinders, platelets, and tubes. Radiolabeled nanoparticles represent a new class of agent with great potential for clinical applications. This is partly due to their long blood circulation time and plasma stability. In addition, because of the high sensitivity of imaging with radiolabeled compounds, their use has promise of achieving accurate and early diagnosis. This review article focuses on the application of radiolabeled nanoparticles in detecting diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases and also presents an overview about the formulation, stability, and biological properties of the nanoparticles used for diagnostic purposes.
Collapse
|