1
|
Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158233. [PMID: 35897799 PMCID: PMC9368664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are significantly influenced by lifestyle, particularly nutrition. The modern level of science and technology development promote personalized nutrition as an efficient preventive measure against atherosclerosis. In this survey, the factors were revealed that contribute to the formation of an individual approach to nutrition: genetic characteristics, the state of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and environmental factors (diets, bioactive components, cardioprotectors, etc.). In the course of the work, it was found that in order to analyze the predisposition to atherosclerosis associated with nutrition, genetic features affecting the metabolism of nutrients are significant. The genetic features include the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of genes and epigenetic factors. The influence of telomere length on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and circadian rhythms was also considered. Relatively new is the study of the relationship between chrono-nutrition and the development of metabolic diseases. That is, to obtain the relationship between nutrition and atherosclerosis, a large number of genetic markers should be considered. In this relation, the question arises: “How many genetic features need to be analyzed in order to form a personalized diet for the consumer?” Basically, companies engaged in nutrigenetic research and choosing a diet for the prevention of a number of metabolic diseases use SNP analysis of genes that accounts for lipid metabolism, vitamins, the body’s antioxidant defense system, taste characteristics, etc. There is no set number of genetic markers. The main diets effective against the development of atherosclerosis were considered, and the most popular were the ketogenic, Mediterranean, and DASH-diets. The advantage of these diets is the content of foods with a low amount of carbohydrates, a high amount of vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as foods rich in antioxidants. However, due to the restrictions associated with climatic, geographical, material features, these diets are not available for a number of consumers. The way out is the use of functional products, dietary supplements. In this approach, the promising biologically active substances (BAS) that exhibit anti-atherosclerotic potential are: baicalin, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin and other plant metabolites. Among the substances, those of animal origin are popular: squalene, coenzyme Q10, omega-3. For the prevention of atherosclerosis through personalized nutrition, it is necessary to analyze the genetic characteristics (SNP) associated with the metabolism of nutrients, to assess the state of the microbiota of the GIT. Based on the data obtained and food preferences, as well as the individual capabilities of the consumer, the optimal diet can be selected. It is topical to exclude nutrients of which their excess consumption stimulates the occurrence and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to enrich the diet with functional foods (FF), BAS containing the necessary anti-atherosclerotic, and stimulating microbiota of the GIT nutrients. Personalized nutrition is a topical preventive measure and there are a number of problems hindering the active use of this approach among consumers. The key factors include weak evidence of the influence of a number of genetic features, the high cost of the approach, and difficulties in the interpretation of the results. Eliminating these deficiencies will contribute to the maintenance of a healthy state of the population through nutrition.
Collapse
|
2
|
Health Benefits of Cereal Grain- and Pulse-Derived Proteins. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123746. [PMID: 35744874 PMCID: PMC9229611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulses and whole grains are considered staple foods that provide a significant amount of calories, fibre and protein, making them key food sources in a nutritionally balanced diet. Additionally, pulses and whole grains contain many bioactive compounds such as dietary fibre, resistant starch, phenolic compounds and mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids that are known to combat chronic disease. Notably, recent research has demonstrated that protein derived from pulse and whole grain sources contains bioactive peptides that also possess disease-fighting properties. Mechanisms of action include inhibition or alteration of enzyme activities, vasodilatation, modulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiome and oxidative stress reduction. Consumer demand for plant-based proteins has skyrocketed primarily based on the perceived health benefits and lower carbon footprint of consuming foods from plant sources versus animal. Therefore, more research should be invested in discovering the health-promoting effects that pulse and whole grain proteins have to offer.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu H, Yang Y, Liu Y, Cui L, Fu L, Li B. Various bioactive peptides in collagen hydrolysate from Salmo salar skin and the combined inhibitory effects on atherosclerosis in vitro and in vivo. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
4
|
Xu L, Xu C, Lin X, Lu H, Cai Y. Interference with lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 ameliorates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury by inactivating NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome signaling. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8089-8099. [PMID: 34662522 PMCID: PMC8806909 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1983975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell damage induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). We aimed to explore the effects of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPAR5) on ox-LDL-induced damage of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After HUVECs exposed to ox-LDL, LPAR5 expression was detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Then, LPAR5 was silenced and cell viability was determined with a CCK-8 assay. ELISA was employed to analyze the contents of inflammatory factors. The levels of oxidative stress markers were examined by kits. The expression of proteins related to endothelium function, including CD31, α-SMA, iNOS and eNOS, was evaluated with RT-qPCR and western blotting. Additionally, the effects of LPAR5 deletion on the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in HUVECs under ox-LDL condition were assessed by determining NLRP3, caspase-1 and ASC expression. Afterward, NLRP3 agonist MSU was adopted for exploring the regulation of LPAR5 on NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in ox-LDL HUVECs injury. Results revealed that ox-LDL led to a significant upregulation in LPAR5 expression. NLRP3 knockdown enhanced cell viability, inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress in HUVECs after ox-LDL exposure. Besides, the expression of CD31 and eNOS was increased while that of α-SMA and iNOS was decreased after LPAR5 silencing. Moreover, interference with LPAR5 remarkably downregulated NLRP3, caspase-1 and ASC expression. Furthermore, MSU addition partially abrogated the inhibitory effects of LPAR5 deletion on the inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelium dysfunction of HUVECs. To conclude, we demonstrated that LPAR5 silencing alleviates ox-LDL-induced HUVECs injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Attached Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chaoxiang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Attached Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoxin Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Attached Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huiyao Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Attached Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yinlian Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Attached Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaseda R, Hosojima M, Kuwahara S, Kabasawa H, Aoki H, Higuchi Y, Kon V, Narita I, Saito A. Rice Endosperm Protein Improves the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of High-Density Lipoprotein and Produces Lower Atherosclerotic Lesion Accelerated by the Renal Mass Reduction than Casein in a Mouse Model. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:668-678. [PMID: 34424818 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1950584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs the anti-inflammatory effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increases cardiovascular mortality. Though the potential role of dietary interventions to manage HDL is well studied, the clinical trials aimed to increase HDL levels have failed to reduce cardiovascular risk, rendering HDL function to be explored as a more relevant clinical parameter. This study investigates the effects of rice endosperm protein (REP), a plant-based protein, on the anti-inflammatory properties of HDL and renal injury-driven atherosclerosis in comparison with casein, an animal protein. Ten-week-old apolipoprotein E-deficient hyperlipidemic mice underwent uninephrectomy. The mice (n = 6 each) were pair-fed a normal casein-based diet or a REP-based diet (both with 20.0% protein content) for seven weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions were detected by en face Sudan IV staining of the aorta. The number and sizes of the atherosclerotic lesions were significantly lower in the REP-based diet-fed group than the casein-based diet-fed group (p = 0.038). However, the REP-based diet neither elicited an ameliorative effect on kidney function or histology nor impacted the cholesterol profiles. Furthermore, HDL from the REP-based diet-fed mice significantly suppressed the inflammatory cytokine response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells than that from the casein-based diet-fed mice (MCP-1, p = 0.010; IL-6, p = 0.011; IL-1β, p = 0.028). The REP-based diet has a higher potential to lessen the atherosclerotic lesions accelerated by renal mass reduction than a casein-based diet, which could be associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kaseda
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hosojima
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoji Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kabasawa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuki Higuchi
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.,Rice Research Center, Kameda Seika Co. Ltd, Niigata, Japan
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennesse, USA
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saito
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang R, Li L, Feng W, Wang T. Fabrication of hydrophilic composites by bridging the secondary structures between rice proteins and pea proteins toward enhanced nutritional properties. Food Funct 2020; 11:7446-7455. [PMID: 32808004 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein structures combining designable nutritional and functional properties are attracting great attention in the food industry. In this study, novel protein composites with shared internal structures were fabricated by co-dissolving rice proteins (RPs) and pea proteins (PPs) at pH 12 prior to a one-step neutralization. Structural and morphological characterization revealed that both unfolded protein molecules reacted at pH 12 via their secondary structures, driven by hydrophobic forces. The co-assembled structures therefore obtained considerable resistance against acid-induced refolding, affording the formation of nanoscale (∼100 nm), water-dispersible composites at pH 7. Eventually, the drawbacks of either proteins, such as the insolubility of RPs or slow digestion of PPs, were overcome due to structural alterations. Moreover, the strategy raised the level of Lys which was limiting in RPs in the same way as the level of those that were limiting in PPs such as Met and Cys-s. Based on the above results, the study would enrich the techniques of processing protein ingredients toward tailored structures and on-demand nutritional properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology-Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Lulu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology-Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology-Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology-Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072069. [PMID: 32664664 PMCID: PMC7400924 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight current research on the benefits of supplementation with foods with a diverse polyphenol composition, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, oils, spices, and teas in blunting atherosclerosis. We searched PubMed for publications utilizing whole food or polyphenols prepared from whole foods in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) or Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) knockout mice, and identified 73 studies in which plaque was measured. The majority of the studies reported a reduction in plaque. Nine interventions showed no effect, while three using Agaricus blazei mushroom, HYJA-ri-4 rice variety, and safrole-2', 3'-oxide (SFO) increased plaque. The mechanisms by which atherosclerosis was reduced include improved lipid profile, antioxidant status, and cholesterol clearance, and reduced inflammation. Importantly, not all dietary interventions that reduce plaque showed an improvement in lipid profile. Additionally, we found that, out of 73 studies, only 9 used female mice and only 6 compared both sexes. Only one study compared the two models (LDLR vs. ApoE), showing that the treatment worked in one but not the other. Not all supplementations work in both male and female animals, suggesting that increasing the variety of foods with different polyphenol compositions may be more effective in mitigating atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kadowaki M, Kubota M, Watanabe R. Physiological Multifunctions of Rice Proteins of Endosperm and Bran. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 65:S42-S47. [PMID: 31619644 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although it is considered a staple food, rice intake is under serious debate for its physiological usefulness, especially for diabetic patients, because of starch content. However, rice protein, the second major component of rice, has gained attention recently for its newly-discovered functions, which were previously unknown. Rice protein, a plant protein, shows multiple beneficial functions on lipid metabolism and diabetes and its complications, nephropathy, fatty liver and osteoporosis. Rice proteins of endosperm and bran, an ingredient of white rice and an unused product of brown rice, respectively, are valuable components for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoni Kadowaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University.,Fuculty of Engineering, Niigata Institute of Technology
| | | | - Reiko Watanabe
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Niigata Prefecture
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ghanghas N, M. T. M, Sharma S, Prabhakar PK. Classification, Composition, Extraction, Functional Modification and Application of Rice (Oryza sativa) Seed Protein: A Comprehensive Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1733596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Ghanghas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, India
| | - Mukilan M. T.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, India
| | - Pramod K. Prabhakar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang X, Wang L, Chen Z, Li Y, Luo X, Li Y. Effect of electron beam irradiation on the structural characteristics and functional properties of rice proteins. RSC Adv 2019; 9:13550-13560. [PMID: 35519547 PMCID: PMC9063936 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10559f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of the structural and functional changes of rice proteins (RPs) induced by electron beam irradiation (EBI) at 5 kGy, 10 kGy, 20 kGy, and 30 kGy was performed. The microcosmic surface structures of the RPs were changed and fragmented due to irradiation damage occurring on the RP surfaces. The changes in the UV visible spectra, intrinsic fluorescence spectra, surface hydrophobicity and SH and SS group contents indicated that the RPs unfolded after EBI treatment. In addition, the degree of conformational change was increased with increasing EBI treatment doses. FTIR analysis showed that the secondary structure redistributed, showing decreases in α-helices and concomitant increases in β-sheets, β-turns and random coils. The functional properties, emulsifying abilities, water adsorption capacities and oil adsorption capacities of the irradiated RPs improved dose-dependently, with maximums occurring at 30 kGy. The foaming properties were also enhanced by EBI; however, this effect was not dose-dependent. In contrast, all of the samples irradiated by electron beams presented lower emulsion stability than the control (0 kGy). These results provide a theoretical basis for the application of EBI in improving protein properties in the future. A study of the structural and functional changes of rice proteins (RPs) induced by electron beam irradiation (EBI) at 5 kGy, 10 kGy, 20 kGy, and 30 kGy was performed.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology
| | - Zhengxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology
| | - Yongfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology
| | - Xiaohu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shi X, Lin X, Zhu Y, Ma Y, Li Y, Xu X, Zhou G, Li C. Effects of Dietary Protein from Different Sources on Biotransformation, Antioxidation, and Inflammation in the Rat Liver. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8584-8592. [PMID: 30060650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of different sources of meat protein on liver metabolic enzymes were investigated. Rats were fed for 90 days with semisynthetic diets in which casein was fully replaced by isolated soybean, fish, chicken, pork, or beef proteins. Then, liver proteomics was performed using iTRAQ and LC-ESI-MS/MS. The results indicated that intake of meat protein diets significantly reduced the protein levels of CYP450s, GSTs, UGTs, and SULTs compared to those of the casein and soybean protein diet groups. The total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation values did not differ between four meat protein diet groups and the casein diet group. However, GSH activity in the fish, chicken, and beef protein groups was significantly higher than those of the casein and soybean protein groups. The beef protein diet significantly upregulated the expression of immune-related proteins. The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway was suggested to involve the diet-mediated regulation of biotransformation, inflammation, and redox status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovative Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Xisha Lin
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovative Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovative Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Yafang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovative Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovative Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovative Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovative Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovative Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Su G, Sun G, Liu H, Shu L, Liang Z. Downregulation of miR-34a promotes endothelial cell growth and suppresses apoptosis in atherosclerosis by regulating Bcl-2. Heart Vessels 2018; 33:1185-1194. [PMID: 29704100 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several miRNAs have been demonstrated to be involved in endothelial dysfunction during atherosclerosis (AS). However, the detailed roles and underlying mechanisms of miR-34a in AS-associated endothelial cell apoptosis are far from being addressed. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) were used as in vivo model of AS. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were applied as in vitro model of AS. The effects of miR-34a on atherosclerotic lesions were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Oil Red O staining. Pecam-1+ endothelial cells were isolated from the aortic arch with flow cytometry. qRT-PCR and western blot were employed to measure gene and protein expression. The effects of miR-34a on cell viability, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were assessed by Cell counting kit (CCK)-8 and flow cytometry analysis. The relationship between miR-34a and Bcl-2 was confirmed by online softwares, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). miR-34a was upregulated in HFD-induced ApoE-/- mice and ox-LDL-treated HAECs. Anti-miR-34a decreased atherosclerotic lesions and inhibited Pecam-1+ endothelial cells apoptosis in HFD-induced ApoE-/- mice. Moreover, anti-miR-34a significantly promoted cell viability, alleviated cell cycle arrest, and restrained apoptosis in ox-LDL-treated HAECs. Furthermore, Bcl-2 was identified as a target of miR-34a, and miR-34a inhibited Bcl-2 expression via binding to its 3'UTR. Rescue experiments demonstrated that Bcl-2 overexpression dramatically reversed miR-34a-mediated inhibition of cell growth and promotion of apoptosis in ox-LDL-exposed HAECs. Depletion of miR-34a facilitated endothelial cell growth and blocked apoptosis in AS by upregulating Bcl-2, offering a promising avenue for AS therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Su
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 453100, China
| | - Guangli Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 453100, China.
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 453100, China
| | - Liliang Shu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 453100, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 453100, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Feng M, Xu D, Wang L. miR-26a inhibits atherosclerosis progression by targeting TRPC3. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:4. [PMID: 29387339 PMCID: PMC5775568 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis, a chronic multi-factorial vascular disease, has become a predominant cause of a variety of cardiovascular disorders. miR-26a was previously reported to be involved in atherosclerosis progression. However, the underlying mechanism of miR-26a in atherosclerosis remains to be further explained. Methods High-fat diet (HFD)-fed apolipoprotein E (apoE)-/- mice and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were established as in vivo and in vitro models of atherosclerosis. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were performed to measure the expression of miR-26a and transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3), respectively. Binding between miR-26a and TRPC3 was predicted with bioinformatics software and verified using a dual luciferase reporter assay. The effects of miR-26a on the lipid accumulation, atherosclerotic lesion, and inflammatory response in HFD-fed apoE-/- mice were investigated by a colorimetric enzymatic assay system, hematoxylin-eosin and oil-Red-O staining, and ELISA, respectively. Additionally, the effects of miR-26a or combined with TRPC3 on cell viability, apoptosis and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in ox-LDL-stimulated HAECs were evaluated by MTT assay, TUNEL assay, and western blot, respectively. Results miR-26a was downregulated in HFD-fed apoE-/- mice and ox-LDL-stimulated HAECs. miR-26a overexpression inhibited the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by attenuating hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic lesion and suppressing inflammatory response in HFD-fed apoE-/- mice. Moreover, miR-26a overexpression suppressed inflammatory response and the NF-κB pathway, promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis in ox-LDL-stimulated HAECs. Additionally, TRPC3 was demonstrated to be a direct target of miR-26a. Enforced expression of TRPC3 reversed the effects of miR-26a on cell viability, apoptosis, and the NF-κB pathway in ox-LDL-treated HAECs. Conclusions miR-26a alleviated the development of atherosclerosis by regulating TRPC3, providing a potential target for atherosclerosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 of Jian She East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Daqian Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 of Jian She East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Lirui Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 of Jian She East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang W, Yang Y, Tao R, Jiang X, Zhou X, Zhou Z. Preparation of a novel chitosan-based biosorbent cross-linked with phenethylamine for adsorption of aromatic amino acids. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 176:236-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Souza DD, Sbardelotto AF, Ziegler DDR, Pinto LMN, Ramos RCDS, Marczak LDF, Tessaro IC. Obtaining and purification of a highly soluble hydrolyzed rice endosperm protein. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
16
|
Amagliani L, O'Regan J, Kelly AL, O'Mahony JA. The composition, extraction, functionality and applications of rice proteins: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
17
|
Li Y, Yang C, Zhang L, Yang P. MicroRNA-210 induces endothelial cell apoptosis by directly targeting PDK1 in the setting of atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:3. [PMID: 28536634 PMCID: PMC5415835 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is a chronically inflammatory disease and one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Endothelial cell apoptosis plays a crucial role in its development. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are reportedly involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation, including miRNA-210 (miR-210). However, the underlying mechanism of its role in endothelial cell apoptosis during atherosclerosis is still largely unknown. Methods A mouse model with atherosclerosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) was built in ApoE (-/-) mice. The levels of endothelial cell apoptosis were determined via flow cytometry. The expressions of miR-210 and PDK1 in purified CD31+ endothelial cells from mouse aorta were measured via RT-qPCR and western blot. Binding between miR-210 and the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of PDK1 mRNA was predicted using bioinformatics analyses and confirmed with a dual luciferase reporter assay. The effects of miR-210 were further analyzed in an in vitro model using human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Results We found that the HFD mice developed atherosclerosis in 12 weeks and had a significantly higher percentage of endothelial cell apoptosis. The upregulated level of miR-210 in the HFD mice and HAECs inversely correlated with the level of PDK1. Inhibiting miR-210 expression significantly reduced HAEC apoptosis, as evidenced by the results of the MTT and flow cytometry experiments. Further analysis identified PDK1 as the target of miR-210 and showed that PDK1 overexpression reversed the pro-apoptotic effect of miR-210 through mediation of the P13K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Conclusion Our study suggests a novel role for miR-210 in the progression of atherosclerosis through the regulation of endothelial apoptosis. This indicates that miR-210 might have potential in treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033 Changchun, China.,Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033 Changchun, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Eastern Division of First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033 Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu Y, Wang Z, Li H, Liang M, Yang L. In vitro antioxidant activity of rice protein affected by alkaline degree and gastrointestinal protease digestion. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4940-4950. [PMID: 27376465 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate whether and how alkali treatment, which is a common process for rice protein (RP) extraction, affects antioxidant activity of RP, the different degree of alkali (from 0.1% to 0.4% of NaOH) was used to extract RP (RP-1, RP-2, RP-3, RP-4). RESULTS The antioxidant capacities of scavenging free radicals [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] diammonium salt, ABTS; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH), chelating metals (iron, copper) and reducing power investigated in the hydrolysates of RPs (RP-1, RP-2, RP-3, RP-4) during in vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestion were effectively affected by alkali treatment. The present study demonstrated that the weakest antioxidant responses to ABTS radical-scavenging activity, DPPH radical-scavenging activity, iron chelating activity, copper chelating activity and reducing power were produced by RP-4 extracted by the highest alkali proportion (0.4% NaOH). CONCULSION The present study indicates that antioxidant capacity of RP could be more readily depressed by strict alkali degree and affected by gastrointestinal proteases. Results suggest that alkali extraction is a vital process to regulate the antioxidant activity of RP through modifying the compositions of amino acids, which are dependent on alkali magnitude. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhengxuan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Mingcai Liang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Z, Liu Y, Li H, Yang L. Rice proteins, extracted by alkali and α-amylase, differently affect in vitro antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2016; 206:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
20
|
Munkong N, Hansakul P, Yoysungnoen B, Wongnoppavich A, Sireeratawong S, Kaendee N, Lerdvuthisopon N. Vasoprotective effects of rice bran water extract on rats fed with high-fat diet. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
21
|
Li H, He H, Wang Z, Cai J, Sun B, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Zhou G, Yang L. Rice protein suppresses ROS generation and stimulates antioxidant gene expression via Nrf2 activation in adult rats. Gene 2016; 585:256-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
22
|
The potential of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory peptides in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Curr Opin Food Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
23
|
Characterization of rice starch and protein obtained by a fast alkaline extraction method. Food Chem 2016; 191:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Baccaurea angulata fruit inhibits lipid peroxidation and induces the increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1435-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Triolein and trilinolein ameliorate oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Lipids 2014; 49:495-504. [PMID: 24604600 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein by endothelial cells is a critical step for the initiation of atherosclerosis. Triacylglycerol uptake in these cells is understood to be a part of the process. The present investigation, comparison among the effects of simple acylglycerol, including tristearin, triolein, and trilinolein, upon oxidized low-density lipoprotein -induced oxidative stress was undertaken. Results indicated that trilinolein (78 % ± 0.02) and triolein (90 % ± 0.01) increased cell viability of endothelial cells exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein, whereas tristearin decreased the cell viability (55 % ± 0.03) (P < 0.05). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein treatment significantly increased apoptosis (23 %), compared to cells simultaneously exposed to trilinolein (19 %) or triolein (16 %), where apoptosis was reduced (P < 0.05). On the other hand, exposure to tristearin further increased oxidized low-density lipoprotein -induced cell apoptosis (34 %). Treatment with trilinolein or triolein on oxidized low-density lipoprotein -stimulated endothelial cells inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin mRNA. Moreover, both trilinolein and triolein demonstrated a strong antioxidant response to oxidative stress caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Taken together, the results indicate trilinolein and triolein possess anti-inflammatory properties, which are mediated via the antioxidant defense system.
Collapse
|
27
|
Rice protein hydrolysate attenuates hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis of myocardiocytes H9c2 through the Bcl-2/Bax pathway. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Tong LT, Fujimoto Y, Shimizu N, Tsukino M, Akasaka T, Kato Y, Iwamoto W, Shiratake S, Imaizumi K, Sato M. Rice α-globulin decreases serum cholesterol concentrations in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet and ameliorates atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Food Chem 2012; 132:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
29
|
Cam A, de Mejia EG. Role of dietary proteins and peptides in cardiovascular disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 56:53-66. [PMID: 22121103 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States and most other countries. Therefore, a disease of such wide-ranging impact calls for the development of multiple viable strategies for prevention. Diet plays an important role in the development of the major risk factors of CVD such as low-grade systemic inflammation, hypertension, obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, the most significant. Thus, diet-based methods of prevention would not only be more feasible, but ultimately more cost-effective than relying on drugs to combat this condition. In recent years, peptides derived from either animal or plant sources have been found to have various bioactive properties. Nevertheless, their potential impact on inflammation and prevention of atherosclerosis has not been fully explored, particularly at the molecular level. In this review, the most current scientific information from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies on the role of dietary proteins and peptides on CVD has been summarized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cam
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang H, Bartley GE, Mitchell CR, Zhang H, Yokoyama W. Lower weight gain and hepatic lipid content in hamsters fed high fat diets supplemented with white rice protein, brown rice protein, soy protein, and their hydrolysates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10927-10933. [PMID: 21913675 DOI: 10.1021/jf202721z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The physiological effects of the hydrolysates of white rice protein (WRP), brown rice protein (BRP), and soy protein (SP) hydrolyzed by the food grade enzyme, alcalase2.4 L, were compared to the original protein source. Male Syrian Golden hamsters were fed high-fat diets containing either 20% casein (control) or 20% extracted proteins or their hydrolysates as the protein source for 3 weeks. The brown rice protein hydrolysate (BRPH) diet group reduced weight gain 76% compared with the control. Animals fed the BRPH supplemented diet also had lower final body weight, liver weight, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and liver cholesterol, and higher fecal fat and bile acid excretion than the control. Expression levels of hepatic genes for lipid oxidation, PPARα, ACOX1, and CPT1, were highest for hamsters fed the BRPH supplemented diet. Expression of CYP7A1, the gene regulating bile acid synthesis, was higher in all test groups. Expression of CYP51, a gene coding for an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, was highest in the BRPH diet group. The results suggest that BRPH includes unique peptides that reduce weight gain and hepatic cholesterol synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|