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Nowicka G. Extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. What's behind? What do we need to implement them into clinical practice? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 172:106600. [PMID: 38806094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a heterogeneous group of particles secreted by cells to transfer information from the cell of origin to recipient cells by carrying various bioactive molecules. Numerous PubMed records on EVs reveal a burgeoning interest in EV-research, with a notable subset focusing on the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of EVs for diverse diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), currently a globally leading cause of mortality. However, this great diagnostic and clinical potential has not yet been translated into clinical practice. No EV-based biomarkers and EV-therapeutic products have been approved, and EV-based therapy for CVD has not yet been shown to be effective. Therefore, this paper aims to scrutinize available data and identify what is needed to translate the underlying potential of EVs into specific EV-biomarkers and EV-therapeutic tools applicable in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Nowicka
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Banacha 1, Warszawa 02-091, Poland.
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2
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de Oliveira LDL, de Alencar Figueiredo LF. Sorghum phytonutrients and their health benefits: A systematic review from cell to clinical trials. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 38517029 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Sorghum is key for global food security due to its genetic variability, resilience, and rich phytonutrient content, which are linked to numerous health benefits. A systematic review assessed the health effects of sorghum by analyzing cell (n = 22), animal (n = 20), and human (n = 7) studies across antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular, and diabetes outcomes. This review, involving 42 papers and 177 researchers from 12 countries, collected data from sorghum accessions (acc) and significant effects. Studies used 68 identified and 8 unidentified sorghums, 57% red (n = 20), brown (n = 5), and black (n = 17) pericarp colors, and evaluated whole (n = 31), brans (n = 11), and decorticated grains (n = 2). Colored sorghum, richer in phenolic compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanins and tannins, inhibited cancer cell activities, including proliferation, tumor growth, and ROS activity, and promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Sorghum elevated HO1 and eNOS expression for cardiovascular, health-reduced platelet aggregation, and modulated platelet microparticles. They also suppressed inflammation markers and decreased lipid accumulation. Animal studies indicated sorghum's potential across antioxidant capacity, cancer and inflammation mitigation, and lipid and glucose metabolism. Translating these findings to human scenarios requires caution, especially considering cell studies do not fully represent polyphenol metabolism. Human studies provided mixed results, indicating antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory benefits and nuanced effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. The main risks of bias highlighted challenges in quantifying phytonutrients, identifying sorghum acc features, and lack of assessors blinding. Nonetheless, sorghum emerges as a promising functional food for countering chronic diseases in Western diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia de Lacerda de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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3
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Wang L, Liu Y, Tian R, Zuo W, Qian H, Wang L, Yang X, Liu Z, Zhang S. What do we know about platelets in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and why is it important? Thromb Res 2023; 229:114-126. [PMID: 37437517 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), the joint result of ischemic injury and reperfusion injury, is associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that activated platelets directly contribute to the pathogenesis of MIRI through participating in the formation of microthrombi, interaction with leukocytes, secretion of active substances, constriction of microvasculature, and activation of spinal afferent nerves. The molecular mechanisms underlying the above detrimental effects of activated platelets include the homotypic and heterotypic interactions through surface receptors, transduction of intracellular signals, and secretion of active substances. Revealing the roles of platelet activation in MIRI and the associated mechanisms would provide potential targets/strategies for the clinical evaluation and treatment of MIRI. Further studies are needed to characterize the temporal (ischemia phase vs. reperfusion phase) and spatial (systemic vs. local) distributions of platelet activation in MIRI by multi-omics strategies. To improve the likelihood of translating novel cardioprotective interventions into clinical practice, basic researches maximally replicating the complexity of clinical scenarios would be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hao Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinglin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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4
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Petroni D, Fabbri C, Babboni S, Menichetti L, Basta G, Del Turco S. Extracellular Vesicles and Intercellular Communication: Challenges for In Vivo Molecular Imaging and Tracking. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1639. [PMID: 37376087 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous class of cell-derived membrane vesicles released by various cell types that serve as mediators of intercellular signaling. When released into circulation, EVs may convey their cargo and serve as intermediaries for intracellular communication, reaching nearby cells and possibly also distant organs. In cardiovascular biology, EVs released by activated or apoptotic endothelial cells (EC-EVs) disseminate biological information at short and long distances, contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease and related disorders. The significance of EC-EVs as mediators of cell-cell communication has advanced, but a thorough knowledge of the role that intercommunication plays in healthy and vascular disease is still lacking. Most data on EVs derive from in vitro studies, but there are still little reliable data available on biodistribution and specific homing EVs in vivo tissues. Molecular imaging techniques for EVs are crucial to monitoring in vivo biodistribution and the homing of EVs and their communication networks both in basal and pathological circumstances. This narrative review provides an overview of EC-EVs, trying to highlight their role as messengers of cell-cell interaction in vascular homeostasis and disease, and describes emerging applications of various imaging modalities for EVs visualization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Petroni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Fabbri
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Babboni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Basta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Del Turco
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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5
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Puricelli C, Boggio E, Gigliotti CL, Stoppa I, Sutti S, Giordano M, Dianzani U, Rolla R. Platelets, Protean Cells with All-Around Functions and Multifaceted Pharmacological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4565. [PMID: 36901997 PMCID: PMC10002540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, traditionally known for their roles in hemostasis and coagulation, are the most prevalent blood component after erythrocytes (150,000-400,000 platelets/μL in healthy humans). However, only 10,000 platelets/μL are needed for vessel wall repair and wound healing. Increased knowledge of the platelet's role in hemostasis has led to many advances in understanding that they are crucial mediators in many other physiological processes, such as innate and adaptive immunity. Due to their multiple functions, platelet dysfunction is involved not only in thrombosis, mediating myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism, but also in several other disorders, such as tumors, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. On the other hand, thanks to their multiple functions, nowadays platelets are therapeutic targets in different pathologies, in addition to atherothrombotic diseases; they can be used as an innovative drug delivery system, and their derivatives, such as platelet lysates and platelet extracellular vesicles (pEVs), can be useful in regenerative medicine and many other fields. The protean role of platelets, from the name of Proteus, a Greek mythological divinity who could take on different shapes or aspects, is precisely the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Puricelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- NOVAICOS s.r.l.s, Via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- NOVAICOS s.r.l.s, Via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ian Stoppa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sutti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mara Giordano
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
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6
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EVs predict the outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Tissue Cell 2022; 77:101857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Madeira RP, Meneghetti P, Barros LAD, Buck PDC, Mady C, Ianni BM, Fernandez-Becerra C, Torrecilhas AC. Isolation and molecular characterization of circulating extracellular vesicles from blood of chronic Chagas disease patients. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:883-894. [PMID: 35253308 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer envelopes that encase several types of molecules. Their contents mostly reflect their cell origin and possible targets at other locations in the organism and can be modified in pathological conditions to interfere with intercellular communication, thus promoting disease establishment and development. These characteristics, in addition to their presence in virtually all body fluids, make such vesicles ideal for biomarker discovery in human diseases. Here we describe the effect of different anticoagulants and the combination of two purification methods for isolation and characterization of circulating extracellular vesicles from blood of chronic Chagas disease (CCD) patients. We illustrated this procedure by studying a population of patients with Chagas disease at the indeterminate chronic stage, in which the Trypanosoma cruzi is very scarce in circulation. EVs were harvested from blood collected without or with different anticoagulants. Protein and nanoparticle tracking analysis was used to measure EVs size and concentration. The EVs were purified by ultracentrifugation, followed by size exclusion chromatography and characterized by chemiluminescent ELISA and Dot Blot using antibodies that recognized parasite-derived EVs, such as hyperimmune sera, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against trans-sialidase and mucins. In parallel, antibodies against classical human EV markers CD9, CD63, CD81 and CD82, were also analyzed. The results showed that anticoagulants did not interfere with the analyzed parameters and circulating EVs from CCD patients contain T. cruzi antigens and classical human exosomal markers. Overall, our protocol is adequate for the isolation of the total circulating extracellular vesicles and can serve as an important basis for further studies on biomarker discovery in Chagas' disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pedro Madeira
- Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brasil
| | - Paula Meneghetti
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brasil
| | - Lucas Alexandre de Barros
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brasil
| | - Paula de Cassia Buck
- Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Charles Mady
- Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Barbara Maria Ianni
- Unidade Clínica de Miocardiopatias, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- ISGlobal, Hospital Cl ́ınic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacio ́ en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Spain
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brasil
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8
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Collier MEW, Ambrose AR, Goodall AH. Does hsa-miR-223-3p from platelet-derived extracellular vesicles regulate tissue factor expression in monocytic cells? Platelets 2022; 33:1031-1042. [PMID: 35132909 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2027903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from activated platelets contain microRNAs, the most abundant of which is hsa-miR-223-3p. Endogenous hsa-miR-223-3p suppresses the expression of tissue factor (TF), the initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, in endothelial cells. Monocytes can be induced to express TF to enhance coagulation, but the role of hsa-miR-223-3p in regulating monocyte TF remains unknown. This study examined whether hsa-miR-223-3p from platelet-derived EVs (pdEVs) affects TF expression in monocytes. THP-1 cells, differentiated into a monocyte-like phenotype with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3, were transfected with hsa-miR-223-3p mimic or control microRNA. Alternatively, THP-1 cells were incubated with pdEVs from PAR1-agonist peptide activated-platelets, as platelet releasate, or pdEVs isolated by ultracentrifugation. Transfection with hsa-miR-223-3p mimic resulted in significant reductions in TF protein, determined by western blotting and flow cytometry and reduced procoagulant activity, measured by a TF-specific factor Xa generation assay, compared to cells transfected with control microRNA. This reduction was reversed by co-transfection with hsa-miR-223-3p inhibitor, AntagomiR-223. Incubation of THP-1 cells with pdEVs also decreased TF expression; however, this was not reversed by AntagomiR-223. Taken together, monocyte TF expression is downregulated by hsa-miR-223-3p, but when transferred via pdEVs the effect was not reversed with Antagomir-223, suggesting other pdEV components may contribute to TF regulation.Abbreviations: Tissue factor (TF), Factor VII (FVII), activated Factor VII (FVIIa), Factor X (FX), activated Factor X (FXa), extracellular vesicles (EVs), microvesicles (MVs), platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pdEVs), protease-activated receptor 1 agonist peptide (PAR1-AP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), Tris-Buffered Saline Tween (TBST), room temperature (RT)[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E W Collier
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ashley R Ambrose
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Alison H Goodall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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9
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Kang IS, Kwon K. Potential application of biomimetic exosomes in cardiovascular disease: focused on ischemic heart disease. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 34903320 PMCID: PMC8810547 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.1.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, especially ischemic heart disease, is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiac repair is one of the most promising strategies to address advanced cardiovascular diseases. Despite moderate improvement in heart function via stem cell therapy, there is no evidence of significant improvement in mortality and morbidity beyond standard therapy. The most salutary effect of stem cell therapy are attributed to the paracrine effects and the stem cell-derived exosomes are known as a major contributor. Hence, exosomes are emerging as a promising therapeutic agent and potent biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, they play a role as cellular cargo and facilitate intercellular communication. However, the clinical use of exosomes is hindered by the absence of a standard operating procedures for exosome isolation and characterization, problems related to yield, and heterogeneity. In addition, the successful clinical application of exosomes requires strategies to optimize cargo, improve targeted delivery, and reduce the elimination of exosomes. In this review, we discuss the basic concept of exosomes and stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease, and introduce current efforts to overcome the limitations and maximize the benefit of exosomes including engineered biomimetic exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Kihwan Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
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10
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Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles from myocardial infarction patients inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced cardiac cell death. Curr Res Transl Med 2021; 70:103323. [PMID: 34979484 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2021.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived exogenously from pluripotent stem cells or endogenously from healthy human serum exert cardioprotective effects after injury. However role of endogenous EVs from myocardial infarction (MI) patients not well understood in this settings. METHODS AND RESULTS The EVs from plasma of MI patients with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and healthy controls (HC) were purified and characterized by flow cytometry, mass spectrometry (MS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HCM and human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs), under individual culture or co-culture, were used to study functional effects of EVs upon TNFα stimulation. These effects of EVs on HCM and hCMVECs were observed using cell death assays, western blots and confocal microscopy. Higher concentrations of platelet-, leukocyte-, endothelial- and erythrocyte-derived EVs were found in MI patients, both with preserved and reduced LVEF, compared to HC, and MS data on MI EVs proteome displayed alteration in several proteins. MI EVs protected HCM and hCMVECs against staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, MI EVs were observed to abrogate TNFα-triggered HCM and hCMVECs death under both individually cultured and co-cultured conditions. MI EVs failed to inhibit TNFα induced hCMVECs and HCM activation when cultured individually, however co-cultured hCMVECs with HCM supported MI EVs capacity to attenuate TNFα induced cells activation. MI CD41+ EVs but not HC EVs were found to be internalized by HCM directly or migrated through hCMVECs to HCM. MI EVs indirectly restores TNFα mediated drop in mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous EVs from MI patients, regardless of severity of the MI exert cardioprotective potential upon TNFα-induced cell death. Patient-derived EVs needs to be further explored to elucidate their potential cardioprotective role during MI.
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11
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Serafini FL, Lanuti P, Delli Pizzi A, Procaccini L, Villani M, Taraschi AL, Pascucci L, Mincuzzi E, Izzi J, Chiacchiaretta P, Buca D, Catitti G, Bologna G, Simeone P, Pieragostino D, Caulo M. Diagnostic Impact of Radiological Findings and Extracellular Vesicles: Are We Close to Radiovesicolomics? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121265. [PMID: 34943180 PMCID: PMC8698452 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the years, diagnostic tests such as in radiology and flow cytometry have become more and more powerful in the constant struggle against different pathologies, some of which are life-threatening. The possibility of using these “weapons” in a conjugated manner could result in higher healing and prevention rates, and a decrease in late diagnosis diseases. Different correlations among pathologies, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and radiological findings were recently demonstrated by many authors. Together with the increasing importance of “omics” sciences, and artificial intelligence in this new century, the perspective of a new research field called “radiovesicolomics” could be the missing link, enabling a different approach to disease diagnosis and treatment. Abstract Currently, several pathologies have corresponding and specific diagnostic and therapeutic branches of interest focused on early and correct detection, as well as the best therapeutic approach. Radiology never ceases to develop newer technologies in order to give patients a clear, safe, early, and precise diagnosis; furthermore, in the last few years diagnostic imaging panoramas have been extended to the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. On the other hand, clinical and laboratory tests, like flow cytometry and the techniques found in the “omics” sciences, aim to detect microscopic elements, like extracellular vesicles, with the highest specificity and sensibility for disease detection. If these scientific branches started to cooperate, playing a conjugated role in pathology diagnosis, what could be the results? Our review seeks to give a quick overview of recent state of the art research which investigates correlations between extracellular vesicles and the known radiological features useful for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lorenzo Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.L.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (G.B.); (P.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Andrea Delli Pizzi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Procaccini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Michela Villani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessio Lino Taraschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Pascucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Erica Mincuzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Jacopo Izzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Piero Chiacchiaretta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Davide Buca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.L.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (G.B.); (P.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giulia Catitti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.L.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (G.B.); (P.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.L.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (G.B.); (P.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.L.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (G.B.); (P.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Caulo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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12
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Siegel PM, Bender I, Chalupsky J, Heger LA, Rieder M, Trummer G, Wengenmayer T, Duerschmied D, Bode C, Diehl P. Extracellular Vesicles Are Associated With Outcome in Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:747453. [PMID: 34805303 PMCID: PMC8600355 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.747453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is being increasingly applied in patients with circulatory failure, but mortality remains high. An inflammatory response syndrome initiated by activation of blood components in the extracorporeal circuit may be an important contributing factor. Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may also experience a systemic inflammatory response syndrome and are at risk of developing cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest, both indications for VA-ECMO. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are released by activated cells as mediators of intercellular communication and may serve as prognostic biomarkers. Cardiomyocyte EV, released upon myocardial ischemia, hold strong potential for this purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the EV-profile in VA-ECMO and STEMI patients and the association with outcome. Methods: In this prospective observational study, blood was sampled on day 1 after VA-ECMO initiation or myocardial reperfusion (STEMI patients). EV were isolated by differential centrifugation. Leukocyte, platelet, endothelial, erythrocyte and cardiomyocyte (caveolin-3+) Annexin V+ EV were identified by flow cytometry. EV were assessed in survivors vs. non-survivors of VA-ECMO and in STEMI patients with normal-lightly vs. moderately-severely reduced left ventricular function. Logistic regression was conducted to determine the predictive accuracy of EV. Pearson correlation analysis of EV with clinical parameters was performed. Results: Eighteen VA-ECMO and 19 STEMI patients were recruited. Total Annexin V+, cardiomyocyte and erythrocyte EV concentrations were lower (p ≤ 0.005) while the percentage of platelet EV was increased in VA-ECMO compared to STEMI patients (p = 0.002). Total Annexin V+ EV were increased in non-survivors of VA-ECMO (p = 0.01), and higher levels were predictive of mortality (AUC = 0.79, p = 0.05). Cardiomyocyte EV were increased in STEMI patients with moderately-severely reduced left ventricular function (p = 0.03), correlated with CK-MBmax (r = 0.57, p = 0.02) and time from reperfusion to blood sampling (r = 0.58, p = 0.01). Leukocyte EV correlated with the number of coronary stents placed (r = 0.60, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Elevated total Annexin V+ EV on day 1 of VA-ECMO are predictive of mortality. Increased cardiomyocyte EV on day 1 after STEMI correlate with infarct size and are associated with poor outcome. These EV may aid in the early identification of patients at risk of poor outcome, helping to guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Siegel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ileana Bender
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Chalupsky
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas A Heger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marina Rieder
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Trummer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Wengenmayer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Diehl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Reardon B, Pasalic L, Favaloro EJ. The Intriguing Relationships of von Willebrand Factor, ADAMTS13 and Cardiac Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8090115. [PMID: 34564132 PMCID: PMC8468839 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8090115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
von Willebrand factor (VWF) is an adhesive protein involved in primary hemostasis and facilitates platelet adhesion to sites of vascular injury, thereby promoting thrombus formation. VWF exists in plasma as multimers of increasing size, with the largest (high molecular weight; HMW) expressing the greatest functional activity. A deficiency of VWF is associated with a bleeding disorder called von Willebrand disease (VWD), whereas an excess of VWF, in particular the HMW forms, is associated with thrombosis. ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif-13), also known as VWF-cleaving protease, functions to moderate the activity of VWF by cleaving multimers of VWF and limiting the expression of the largest multimers of VWF. A deficiency of ADAMTS13 is therefore associated with an excess of (HMW forms of) VWF, and thus thrombosis. Indeed, any disturbance of the VWF/ADAMTS13 ratio or ‘axis’ may be associated with pathophysiological processes, including prothrombotic tendency. However, both thrombosis or bleeding may be associated with such disturbances, depending on the presenting events. This review evaluates the relationship of VWF and ADAMTS13 with cardiac disease, including cardiac failure, and associated pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Reardon
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (B.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Leonardo Pasalic
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (B.R.); (L.P.)
- NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Emmanuel J. Favaloro
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (B.R.); (L.P.)
- NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8890-6618
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14
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D'Ascenzo F, Femminò S, Ravera F, Angelini F, Caccioppo A, Franchin L, Grosso A, Comità S, Cavallari C, Penna C, De Ferrari GM, Camussi G, Pagliaro P, Brizzi MF. Extracellular vesicles from patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome impact on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105715. [PMID: 34111564 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of extracellular vesicles (EV) as mediators of cardiac damage or recovery upon Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (IRI) and Remote Ischemic PreConditioning (RIPC) is controversial. This study aimed to investigate whether serum-derived EV, recovered from patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and subjected to the RIPC or sham procedures, may be a suitable therapeutic approach to prevent IRI during Percutaneous-Coronary-Intervention (PCI). A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study (NCT02195726) has been extended, and EV were recovered from 30 patients who were randomly assigned (1:1) to undergo the RIPC- (EV-RIPC) or sham-procedures (EV-naive) before PCI. Patient-derived EV were analyzed by TEM, FACS and western blot. We found that troponin (TnT) was enriched in EV, compared to healthy subjects, regardless of diagnosis. EV-naive induced protection against IRI, both in-vitro and in the rat heart, unlike EV-RIPC. We noticed that EV-naive led to STAT-3 phosphorylation, while EV-RIPC to Erk-1/2 activation in the rat heart. Pre-treatment of the rat heart with specific STAT-3 and Erk-1/2 inhibitors led us to demonstrate that STAT-3 is crucial for EV-naive-mediated protection. In the same model, Erk-1/2 inhibition rescued STAT-3 activation and protection upon EV-RIPC treatment. 84 Human Cardiovascular Disease mRNAs were screened and DUSP6 mRNA was found enriched in patient-derived EV-naive. Indeed, DUSP6 silencing in EV-naive prevented STAT-3 phosphorylation and cardio-protection in the rat heart. This analysis of ACS-patients' EV proved: (i) EV-naive cardio-protective activity and mechanism of action; (ii) the lack of EV-RIPC-mediated cardio-protection; (iii) the properness of the in-vitro assay to predict EV effectiveness in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Ravera
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Angelini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Caccioppo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Franchin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Grosso
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Comità
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.
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15
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Che Mohd Nassir CMN, Hashim S, Wong KK, Abdul Halim S, Idris NS, Jayabalan N, Guo D, Mustapha M. COVID-19 Infection and Circulating Microparticles-Reviewing Evidence as Microthrombogenic Risk Factor for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4188-4215. [PMID: 34176095 PMCID: PMC8235918 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the global society in numerous unprecedented ways, with considerable morbidity and mortality. Both direct and indirect consequences from COVID-19 infection are recognized to give rise to cardio- and cerebrovascular complications. Despite current limited knowledge on COVID-19 pathogenesis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulopathy appear to play critical roles in COVID-19-associated cerebrovascular disease (CVD). One of the major subtypes of CVD is cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) which represents a spectrum of pathological processes of various etiologies affecting the brain microcirculation that can trigger subsequent neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Prevalent with aging, CSVD is a recognized risk factor for stroke, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. In the background of COVID-19 infection, the heightened cellular activations from inflammations and oxidative stress may result in elevated levels of microthrombogenic extracellular-derived circulating microparticles (MPs). Consequently, MPs could act as pro-coagulant risk factor that may serve as microthrombi for the vulnerable microcirculation in the brain leading to CSVD manifestations. This review aims to appraise the accumulating body of evidence on the plausible impact of COVID-19 infection on the formation of microthrombogenic MPs that could lead to microthrombosis in CSVD manifestations, including occult CSVD which may last well beyond the pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sabarisah Hashim
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sanihah Abdul Halim
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Suhaila Idris
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nanthini Jayabalan
- Translational Neuroscience Lab, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, the University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
| | - Dazhi Guo
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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16
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Yamada M. The Roles of MicroRNAs and Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogeneses of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 251:313-326. [PMID: 32779621 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.251.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The lungs are the organs that work for gas exchange. The basic structure of the lungs is an alveolus, which consists of various types of parenchymal cells and bone marrow-derived cells. Therefore, because the lungs consist of various types of cells with various functions, communication among the different types of the cells should play important roles for the homeostasis and response to disease pathogens. In the past decades, researchers have focused on cytokines or adhesion molecules to reveal the intercellular communication for understanding the homeostasis and pathogenesis in the lungs. Recent investigations have revealed that an extracellular vesicle can move among cells for transferring substances including microRNAs in the vesicles as an intercellular messenger. MicroRNAs and extracellular vesicles are therefore attracting increasing attention from both translational and clinical researchers because these emerging intercellular communication tools seem to be useful for further understanding of the disease pathogenesis as well as the biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of the diseases including cancer and inflammatory diseases. This review article is an attempt to review studies about microRNAs and extracellular vesicles in terms of their roles in normal conditions and refractory diseases of the lungs such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome including our recent study about pulmonary microvascular endothelial microparticles particles as the biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review also addresses the possibility of microRNAs and extracellular vesicles as new clinical tools for the diagnosis or treatment for these refractory respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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17
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Protective Role of Platelets in Myocardial Infarction and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Cardiol Res Pract 2021; 2021:5545416. [PMID: 34123416 PMCID: PMC8169247 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5545416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic occlusion of the coronary artery is a key component in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction (MI). The standard therapy for ischemia is revascularization and restoration of blood flow to previously ischemic myocardium. Paradoxically, reperfusion may result in further tissue damage called ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Platelets play a major role in the pathogenesis of MI and IRI, since they contribute to the thrombus and microthrombi formation, inflammation, release of immunomodulatory mediators, and vasoconstrictive molecules. Antiplatelet therapies have proven efficacy in the prevention of thrombosis and play a protective role in cardiac IRI. Beyond the deterioration effect of platelets in MI and IRI, in the 90s the first reports on a protective effect of molecules released from platelets during MI appeared. However, the role of platelets in cardioprotection is still poorly understood. This review describes the involvement of platelets in MI, IRI, and inflammation. It mainly focuses on the protective role of platelets in MI and IRI. Platelets are involved in cardioprotection based on platelet-releasing molecules and antiplatelet therapy, apart from antiaggregatory effects. Additionally, the use of platelet-derived microparticles as possible markers of MI, with and without comorbidities, and their role in cardioprotection are discussed. This review is aimed at illustrating the present knowledge on the role of platelets in MI and IRI, especially in a context of cardioprotection.
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18
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Chang X, Lochner A, Wang HH, Wang S, Zhu H, Ren J, Zhou H. Coronary microvascular injury in myocardial infarction: perception and knowledge for mitochondrial quality control. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6766-6785. [PMID: 34093852 PMCID: PMC8171103 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the innermost layer in all blood vessels to maintain the structural integrity and microcirculation function for coronary microvasculature. Impaired endothelial function is demonstrated in various cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction (MI), which is featured by reduced myocardial blood flow as a result of epicardial coronary obstruction, thrombogenesis, and inflammation. In this context, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the function of coronary ECs is essential for the early diagnosis and optimal treatment of MI. Although ECs contain relatively fewer mitochondria compared with cardiomyocytes, they function as key sensors of environmental and cellular stress, in the regulation of EC viability, structural integrity and function. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) machineries respond to a broad array of stress stimuli to regulate fission, fusion, mitophagy and biogenesis in mitochondria. Impaired MQC is a cardinal feature of EC injury and dysfunction. Hence, medications modulating MQC mechanisms are considered as promising novel therapeutic options in MI. Here in this review, we provide updated insights into the key role of MQC mechanisms in coronary ECs and microvascular dysfunction in MI. We also discussed the option of MQC as a novel therapeutic target to delay, reverse or repair coronary microvascular damage in MI. Contemporary available MQC-targeted therapies with potential clinical benefits to alleviate coronary microvascular injury during MI are also summarized.
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19
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Yamada M. Extracellular vesicles: Their emerging roles in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Respir Investig 2021; 59:302-311. [PMID: 33753011 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveoli are the basic structure of the lungs, consisting of various types of parenchymal and bone marrow-derived cells including alveolar macrophages. These various types of cells have several important functions; thus, communication between these cells plays an important role in homeostasis as well as in the pathophysiology of diseases in the lungs. For a better understanding of the pathophysiology of lung diseases, researchers have isolated each type of lung cell to investigate the changes in their gene expressions, including their humoral factor or adhesion molecules, to reveal the intercellular communication among these cells. In particular, investigations during the past decade have focused on extracellular vesicles, which are lipid bilayer delimited vesicles released from a cell that can move among various cells and transfer substances, including microRNAs, mRNAs and proteins, thus, functioning as intercellular messengers. Extracellular vesicles can be classified into three general groups: apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and microparticles. Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes and microparticles, are attracting increasing attention from pulmonologists as tools for understanding pathogenesis and disease diagnosis. Here, we review studies, including our own, on exosomes and microparticles and their roles in both lung homeostasis and the pathogenesis of lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive lung diseases, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review also addresses the roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19, the current global public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808574, Japan.
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20
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Nassir CMNCM, Ghazali MM, Hashim S, Idris NS, Yuen LS, Hui WJ, Norman HH, Gau CH, Jayabalan N, Na Y, Feng L, Ong LK, Abdul Hamid H, Ahamed HN, Mustapha M. Diets and Cellular-Derived Microparticles: Weighing a Plausible Link With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:632131. [PMID: 33718454 PMCID: PMC7943466 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.632131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a spectrum of pathological processes of various etiologies affecting the brain microcirculation that can trigger neuroinflammation and the subsequent neurodegenerative cascade. Prevalent with aging, CSVD is a recognized risk factor for stroke, vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. Despite being the most common neurodegenerative condition with cerebrocardiovascular axis, understanding about it remains poor. Interestingly, modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diet including high intake of processed food, high-fat foods, and animal by-products are known to influence the non-neural peripheral events, such as in the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular stress through cellular inflammation and oxidation. One key outcome from such events, among others, includes the cellular activations that lead to elevated levels of endogenous cellular-derived circulating microparticles (MPs). MPs can be produced from various cellular origins including leukocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, microbiota, and microglia. MPs could act as microthrombogenic procoagulant that served as a plausible culprit for the vulnerable end-artery microcirculation in the brain as the end-organ leading to CSVD manifestations. However, little attention has been paid on the potential role of MPs in the onset and progression of CSVD spectrum. Corroboratively, the formation of MPs is known to be influenced by diet-induced cellular stress. Thus, this review aims to appraise the body of evidence on the dietary-related impacts on circulating MPs from non-neural peripheral origins that could serve as a plausible microthrombosis in CSVD manifestation as a precursor of neurodegeneration. Here, we elaborate on the pathomechanical features of MPs in health and disease states; relevance of dietary patterns on MP release; preclinical studies pertaining to diet-based MPs contribution to disease; MP level as putative surrogates for early disease biomarkers; and lastly, the potential of MPs manipulation with diet-based approach as a novel preventive measure for CSVD in an aging society worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mazira Mohamad Ghazali
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Sabarisah Hashim
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Nur Suhaila Idris
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Lee Si Yuen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Wong Jia Hui
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haziq Hazman Norman
- Anatomy Unit, International Medical School (IMS), Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Chuang Huei Gau
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Nanthini Jayabalan
- Translational Neuroscience Lab, University of Queensland (UQ), Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuri Na
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Linqing Feng
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Hafizah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Haja Nazeer Ahamed
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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21
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Lebedeva A, Fitzgerald W, Molodtsov I, Shpektor A, Vasilieva E, Margolis L. Differential clusterization of soluble and extracellular vesicle-associated cytokines in myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21114. [PMID: 33273611 PMCID: PMC7713058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A proinflammatory dysregulation of cytokine release is associated with various diseases, in particular with those of infectious etiology, as well as with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We showed earlier that cytokines are released in two forms, soluble and in association with extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we investigated the patterns of expression and clustering of soluble and EV-associated cytokines in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We collected plasma samples from 48 volunteers without CVD and 62 patients with STEMI, separated soluble and EV fractions, and analyzed them for 33 cytokines using a multiplexed bead-based assay. We identified soluble and EV-associated cytokines that are upregulated in STEMI and form correlative clusters. Several clustered soluble cytokines were expressed almost exclusively in patients with STEMI. EV-associated cytokines were largely not affected by STEMI, except for pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-18, and MIG, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-2 that were upregulated in a correlated fashion. Our results demonstrated that soluble cytokines in patients with STEMI are upregulated in a coordinated fashion in contrast to the mainly unaffected system of EV-associated cytokines. Identification of cytokine clusters affected differently by STEMI now permits investigation of their differential contributions to this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 11/6 Yauzskaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 119027.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University of Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wendy Fitzgerald
- Section On Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ivan Molodtsov
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow, Russia, 123098
| | - Alexander Shpektor
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 11/6 Yauzskaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 119027
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 11/6 Yauzskaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 119027.
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section On Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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22
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Huo S, Kränkel N, Nave AH, Sperber PS, Rohmann JL, Piper SK, Heuschmann PU, Landmesser U, Endres M, Siegerink B, Liman TG. Endothelial and Leukocyte-Derived Microvesicles and Cardiovascular Risk After Stroke: PROSCIS-B. Neurology 2020; 96:e937-e946. [PMID: 33184230 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of circulating microvesicles (MV) on long-term cardiovascular outcomes after stroke, we measured them in patients with first-ever stroke with a 3-year follow-up. METHODS In the Prospective Cohort With Incident Stroke Berlin (PROSCIS-B), patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were followed up for 3 years. The primary combined endpoint consisted of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality. Citrate-blood levels of endothelial MV (EMV), leukocyte-derived MV (LMV), monocytic MV (MMV), and platelet-derived MV (PMV) were measured with flow cytometry. Kaplan-Meier curves and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of MV levels on the combined endpoint. RESULTS Five hundred seventy-one patients were recruited (median age 69 years, 39% female, median NIH Stroke Scale score 2, interquartile range 1-4), and 95 endpoints occurred. Patients with levels of EMV (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-4.9) or LMV (HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.4-6.8) in the highest quartile were more likely to experience an event than participants with lower levels with the lowest quartile used as the reference category. The association was less pronounced for PMV (HR 1.7, 95% CI 0.9-3.2) and absent for MMV (HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6-1.8). CONCLUSION High levels of EMV and LMV after stroke were associated with worse cardiovascular outcome within 3 years. These results reinforce that endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation affect the long-term prognosis after stroke. EMV and LMV might play a role in risk prediction for stroke patients. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT01363856. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence of the effect of MV levels on subsequent stroke, myocardial infarction, or all-cause mortality in survivors of mild stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Huo
- From the Center for Stroke Research Berlin CSB (S.H., A.H.N., P.S.S., J.L.R., M.E., B.S., T.G.L.), Klinik für Neurologie (S.H., A.H.N., M.E., T.G.L.), Institute of Public Health (J.L.R.), Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology (S.K.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin (N.K., U.L.), Department of Cardiology, and Excellence Cluster Neurocure (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (S.H., N.K., A.H.N., P.S.S., U.L., M.E., T.G.L.); Berlin Institute of Health (A.H.N., S.K.P.); Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (P.H.), University of Würzburg; Clinical Trial Center Würzburg (P.H., U.L.), University Hospital Würzburg; and DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease) Partner Site Berlin (M.E.), Germany.
| | - Nicolle Kränkel
- From the Center for Stroke Research Berlin CSB (S.H., A.H.N., P.S.S., J.L.R., M.E., B.S., T.G.L.), Klinik für Neurologie (S.H., A.H.N., M.E., T.G.L.), Institute of Public Health (J.L.R.), Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology (S.K.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin (N.K., U.L.), Department of Cardiology, and Excellence Cluster Neurocure (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (S.H., N.K., A.H.N., P.S.S., U.L., M.E., T.G.L.); Berlin Institute of Health (A.H.N., S.K.P.); Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (P.H.), University of Würzburg; Clinical Trial Center Würzburg (P.H., U.L.), University Hospital Würzburg; and DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease) Partner Site Berlin (M.E.), Germany
| | - Alexander Heinrich Nave
- From the Center for Stroke Research Berlin CSB (S.H., A.H.N., P.S.S., J.L.R., M.E., B.S., T.G.L.), Klinik für Neurologie (S.H., A.H.N., M.E., T.G.L.), Institute of Public Health (J.L.R.), Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology (S.K.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin (N.K., U.L.), Department of Cardiology, and Excellence Cluster Neurocure (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (S.H., N.K., A.H.N., P.S.S., U.L., M.E., T.G.L.); Berlin Institute of Health (A.H.N., S.K.P.); Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (P.H.), University of Würzburg; Clinical Trial Center Würzburg (P.H., U.L.), University Hospital Würzburg; and DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease) Partner Site Berlin (M.E.), Germany
| | - Pia Sophie Sperber
- From the Center for Stroke Research Berlin CSB (S.H., A.H.N., P.S.S., J.L.R., M.E., B.S., T.G.L.), Klinik für Neurologie (S.H., A.H.N., M.E., T.G.L.), Institute of Public Health (J.L.R.), Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology (S.K.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin (N.K., U.L.), Department of Cardiology, and Excellence Cluster Neurocure (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (S.H., N.K., A.H.N., P.S.S., U.L., M.E., T.G.L.); Berlin Institute of Health (A.H.N., S.K.P.); Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (P.H.), University of Würzburg; Clinical Trial Center Würzburg (P.H., U.L.), University Hospital Würzburg; and DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease) Partner Site Berlin (M.E.), Germany
| | - Jessica Lee Rohmann
- From the Center for Stroke Research Berlin CSB (S.H., A.H.N., P.S.S., J.L.R., M.E., B.S., T.G.L.), Klinik für Neurologie (S.H., A.H.N., M.E., T.G.L.), Institute of Public Health (J.L.R.), Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology (S.K.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin (N.K., U.L.), Department of Cardiology, and Excellence Cluster Neurocure (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (S.H., N.K., A.H.N., P.S.S., U.L., M.E., T.G.L.); Berlin Institute of Health (A.H.N., S.K.P.); Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (P.H.), University of Würzburg; Clinical Trial Center Würzburg (P.H., U.L.), University Hospital Würzburg; and DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease) Partner Site Berlin (M.E.), Germany
| | - Sophie Käthe Piper
- From the Center for Stroke Research Berlin CSB (S.H., A.H.N., P.S.S., J.L.R., M.E., B.S., T.G.L.), Klinik für Neurologie (S.H., A.H.N., M.E., T.G.L.), Institute of Public Health (J.L.R.), Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology (S.K.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin (N.K., U.L.), Department of Cardiology, and Excellence Cluster Neurocure (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (S.H., N.K., A.H.N., P.S.S., U.L., M.E., T.G.L.); Berlin Institute of Health (A.H.N., S.K.P.); Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (P.H.), University of Würzburg; Clinical Trial Center Würzburg (P.H., U.L.), University Hospital Würzburg; and DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease) Partner Site Berlin (M.E.), Germany
| | - Peter Ulrich Heuschmann
- From the Center for Stroke Research Berlin CSB (S.H., A.H.N., P.S.S., J.L.R., M.E., B.S., T.G.L.), Klinik für Neurologie (S.H., A.H.N., M.E., T.G.L.), Institute of Public Health (J.L.R.), Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology (S.K.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin (N.K., U.L.), Department of Cardiology, and Excellence Cluster Neurocure (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (S.H., N.K., A.H.N., P.S.S., U.L., M.E., T.G.L.); Berlin Institute of Health (A.H.N., S.K.P.); Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (P.H.), University of Würzburg; Clinical Trial Center Würzburg (P.H., U.L.), University Hospital Würzburg; and DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease) Partner Site Berlin (M.E.), Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- From the Center for Stroke Research Berlin CSB (S.H., A.H.N., P.S.S., J.L.R., M.E., B.S., T.G.L.), Klinik für Neurologie (S.H., A.H.N., M.E., T.G.L.), Institute of Public Health (J.L.R.), Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology (S.K.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin (N.K., U.L.), Department of Cardiology, and Excellence Cluster Neurocure (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (S.H., N.K., A.H.N., P.S.S., U.L., M.E., T.G.L.); Berlin Institute of Health (A.H.N., S.K.P.); Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (P.H.), University of Würzburg; Clinical Trial Center Würzburg (P.H., U.L.), University Hospital Würzburg; and DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease) Partner Site Berlin (M.E.), Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- From the Center for Stroke Research Berlin CSB (S.H., A.H.N., P.S.S., J.L.R., M.E., B.S., T.G.L.), Klinik für Neurologie (S.H., A.H.N., M.E., T.G.L.), Institute of Public Health (J.L.R.), Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology (S.K.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin (N.K., U.L.), Department of Cardiology, and Excellence Cluster Neurocure (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (S.H., N.K., A.H.N., P.S.S., U.L., M.E., T.G.L.); Berlin Institute of Health (A.H.N., S.K.P.); Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (P.H.), University of Würzburg; Clinical Trial Center Würzburg (P.H., U.L.), University Hospital Würzburg; and DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease) Partner Site Berlin (M.E.), Germany
| | - Bob Siegerink
- From the Center for Stroke Research Berlin CSB (S.H., A.H.N., P.S.S., J.L.R., M.E., B.S., T.G.L.), Klinik für Neurologie (S.H., A.H.N., M.E., T.G.L.), Institute of Public Health (J.L.R.), Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology (S.K.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin (N.K., U.L.), Department of Cardiology, and Excellence Cluster Neurocure (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (S.H., N.K., A.H.N., P.S.S., U.L., M.E., T.G.L.); Berlin Institute of Health (A.H.N., S.K.P.); Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (P.H.), University of Würzburg; Clinical Trial Center Würzburg (P.H., U.L.), University Hospital Würzburg; and DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease) Partner Site Berlin (M.E.), Germany
| | - Thomas Günter Liman
- From the Center for Stroke Research Berlin CSB (S.H., A.H.N., P.S.S., J.L.R., M.E., B.S., T.G.L.), Klinik für Neurologie (S.H., A.H.N., M.E., T.G.L.), Institute of Public Health (J.L.R.), Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology (S.K.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin (N.K., U.L.), Department of Cardiology, and Excellence Cluster Neurocure (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (S.H., N.K., A.H.N., P.S.S., U.L., M.E., T.G.L.); Berlin Institute of Health (A.H.N., S.K.P.); Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (P.H.), University of Würzburg; Clinical Trial Center Würzburg (P.H., U.L.), University Hospital Würzburg; and DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease) Partner Site Berlin (M.E.), Germany
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23
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Badimon L, Suades R, Vilella-Figuerola A, Crespo J, Vilahur G, Escate R, Padro T, Chiva-Blanch G. Liquid Biopsies: Microvesicles in Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:645-662. [PMID: 31696726 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Circulating microvesicles (cMV) are small (0.1-1 μm) phospholipid-rich blebs released by almost all cell types, and their release increases with cell activation and injury, thus reflecting the state of the cell from which they are originated. Microvesicles (MV) are found in the bloodstream, and they affect the phenotype of recipient cells, after local or systemic circulation, by intercellular transfer of their molecular content. Recent Advances: Several studies suggest the use of cell-specific MV subpopulations as predictive biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) at different stages and degrees of severity. In this review, we describe the state of the art of cMV as noninvasive surrogate biomarkers of vascular injury and dysfunction correlated with poor clinical outcomes in CVD. Critical Issues: Despite the growing body of evidence supporting the importance of cMV as hallmarks of CVD and their utility as biomarkers of CVD, the specific roles of each phenotype of cMV in CVD burden and prognosis still remain to be elucidated and validated in large cohorts. In addition, the development of standardized and reproducible techniques is required to be used as biomarkers for disease progression in the clinical setting. Future Directions: A multipanel approach with specific cMV phenotypes, added to current biomarkers and scores, will undoubtedly provide unique prognostic information to stratify patients for appropriate therapy on the basis of their risk of atherothrombotic disease and will open a new research area as therapeutic targets for CVD. MV will add to the implementation of precision medicine by helping the cellular and molecular characterization of CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alba Vilella-Figuerola
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Escate
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Burrello J, Bolis S, Balbi C, Burrello A, Provasi E, Caporali E, Gauthier LG, Peirone A, D'Ascenzo F, Monticone S, Barile L, Vassalli G. An extracellular vesicle epitope profile is associated with acute myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9945-9957. [PMID: 32666618 PMCID: PMC7520329 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard biomarker for myocardial infarction (MI) is high-sensitive troponin. Although powerful in clinical setting, search for new markers is warranted as early diagnosis of MI is associated with improved outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) attracted considerable interest as new blood biomarkers. A training cohort used for diagnostic modelling included 30 patients with STEMI, 38 with stable angina (SA) and 30 matched-controls. Extracellular vesicle concentration was assessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Extracellular vesicle surface-epitopes were measured by flow cytometry. Diagnostic models were developed using machine learning algorithms and validated on an independent cohort of 80 patients. Serum EV concentration from STEMI patients was increased as compared to controls and SA. EV levels of CD62P, CD42a, CD41b, CD31 and CD40 increased in STEMI, and to a lesser extent in SA patients. An aggregate marker including EV concentration and CD62P/CD42a levels achieved non-inferiority to troponin, discriminating STEMI from controls (AUC = 0.969). A random forest model based on EV biomarkers discriminated the two groups with 100% accuracy. EV markers and RF model confirmed high diagnostic performance at validation. In conclusion, patients with acute MI or SA exhibit characteristic EV biomarker profiles. EV biomarkers hold great potential as early markers for the management of patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Burrello
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular TheranosticsCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Alessio Burrello
- Department of ElectricalElectronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Elena Provasi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Elena Caporali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Lorenzo Grazioli Gauthier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Andrea Peirone
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Silvia Monticone
- Division of Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular TheranosticsCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversità della Svizzera Italiana (USI)LuganoSwitzerland
- Institute of Life ScienceScuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversità della Svizzera Italiana (USI)LuganoSwitzerland
- Center for Molecular CardiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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25
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Zacharia E, Zacharias K, Papamikroulis GA, Bertsias D, Miliou A, Pallantza Z, Papageorgiou N, Tousoulis D. Cell-Derived Microparticles and Acute Coronary Syndromes: Is there a Predictive Role for Microparticles? Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4440-4468. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666191213104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:Despite the recent advances in the treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS), patients with ACS are still exposed to an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events, while their prognosis is difficult to determine. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that cell-derived Microparticles (MPs) are associated with the underlying pathophysiological processes that are responsible for atherogenesis and may be causally implicated in the induction of atherothrombosis.Objective:In the present article, we aimed to review the available evidence regarding the predictive role of MPs in patients with ACS.Results:Evidence suggests that endothelial MPs are associated with future adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ACS. Platelet-derived MPs have been excessively studied, since they have been found to trigger the coagulation cascade; however, their role as predictors of future cardiovascular events remains debatable. The role of red blood cell-derived MPs is more intriguing; they have been proposed as markers of ongoing thrombosis in patients with ACS, while previous studies have shown that they have anti-coagulant properties in healthy individuals. Leukocyte-derived MPs may also have a predictive role, although the studies regarding these are still limited. Last but not least, it was an interesting discovery that circulating MPs can provide information regarding the angiographic lesions in patients with ACS.Conclusion:The concept of MPs as potential circulating biomarkers in patients with ACS holds much promise. However, large-scale clinical studies are required to evaluate whether the measurement of plasma MPs could be of clinical significance and, thus, dictate a more aggressive treatment strategy in patients with high levels of circulating MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effimia Zacharia
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Antigoni Miliou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Pallantza
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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26
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Changes in Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Potential Effects of Remote Ischemic Conditioning-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070218. [PMID: 32708657 PMCID: PMC7400268 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as a cellular communication tool with cardioprotective properties; however, it is unknown whether cardioprotection by remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) involves EVs. (2) Methods: We randomized patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to additionally receive a protocol of RIC or a sham-intervention. Blood was taken before and immediately, 24 h, four days and one month after PCI. Additionally, we investigated EVs from healthy volunteers undergoing RIC. EVs were characterized by a high-sensitive flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter Cytoflex S, Krefeld, Germany). (3) Results: We analyzed 32 patients (16 RIC, 16 control) and five healthy volunteers. We investigated platelet-, endothelial-, leukocyte-, monocyte- and granulocyte-derived EVs and their pro-thrombotic sub-populations expressing superficial phosphatidylserine (PS+). We did not observe a significant effect of RIC on the numbers of circulating EVs, although granulocyte-derived EVs were significantly higher in the RIC group. In line, RIC had not impact on EVs in healthy volunteers. Additionally, we observed changes of PS+/PEV, EEVs and PS+/CD15+ EVs irrespective of RIC with time following STEMI. 4) Conclusion: We provide further insights into the course of different circulating EVs during the acute and sub-acute phases of STEMI. With respect to the investigated EV populations, RIC seems to have no effect, with only minor differences found for granulocyte EVs.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adequate tissue perfusion is of utmost importance to avoid organ failure in patients with cardiogenic shock. Within the recent years, the microcirculation, defined as the perfusion of the smallest vessels, has been identified to play a crucial role. Microcirculatory changes may include capillary flow disturbances as well as changes in the density of perfused vessels. Due to the availability of new technologies to assess the microcirculation, interesting new data came up and it is the purpose of this review to summarize recent studies in the field. RECENT FINDINGS Nowadays, an increasing number of studies confirm parameters of the microcirculation, derived by intravital microscopy, to represent strong outcome predictors in cardiogenic shock. In addition, microcirculation as read-out parameter in innovative clinical studies has meanwhile been accepted as serious endpoint. Treatment strategies such as mechanical assist devices, blood pressure regulating agents or fluids use tissue perfusion and microcirculatory network density as targets in addition to clinical perfusion evaluation and decreasing serum lactate levels. SUMMARY The parameter most frequently used to detect tissue malperfusion is serum lactate. Novel, noninvasive methods to quantify microvascular perfusion have the potential to guide treatment in terms of optimizing organ perfusion and oxygenation probably paving the way for an individualized therapy.
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Scola L, Giarratana RM, Torre S, Argano V, Lio D, Balistreri CR. On the Road to Accurate Biomarkers for Cardiometabolic Diseases by Integrating Precision and Gender Medicine Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6015. [PMID: 31795333 PMCID: PMC6929083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to facilitate the complex management of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) has led to the detection of many biomarkers, however, there are no clear explanations of their role in the prevention, diagnosis or prognosis of these diseases. Molecules associated with disease pathways represent valid disease surrogates and well-fitted CMD biomarkers. To address this challenge, data from multi-omics types (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and nutrigenomics), from human and animal models, have become available. However, individual omics types only provide data on a small part of molecules involved in the complex CMD mechanisms, whereas, here, we propose that their integration leads to multidimensional data. Such data provide a better understanding of molecules related to CMD mechanisms and, consequently, increase the possibility of identifying well-fitted biomarkers. In addition, the application of gender medicine also helps to identify accurate biomarkers according to gender, facilitating a differential CMD management. Accordingly, the impact of gender differences in CMD pathophysiology has been widely demonstrated, where gender is referred to the complex interrelation and integration of sex (as a biological and functional marker of the human body) and psychological and cultural behavior (due to ethnical, social, and religious background). In this review, all these aspects are described and discussed, as well as potential limitations and future directions in this incipient field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Scola
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Rosa Maria Giarratana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Salvatore Torre
- Unit of Cardiac Surgery, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Argano
- Unit of Cardiac Surgery, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Domenico Lio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (D.L.)
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Takei Y, Yamada M, Saito K, Kameyama Y, Sugiura H, Makiguchi T, Fujino N, Koarai A, Toyama H, Saito K, Ejima Y, Kawazoe Y, Kudo D, Kushimoto S, Yamauchi M, Ichinose M. Increase in circulating ACE-positive endothelial microparticles during acute lung injury. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.01188-2018. [PMID: 31320458 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01188-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are considered to be markers of endothelial injury, and lung microvascular endothelial cells express higher levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The aim of this study is to examine whether the number of ACE+ microvascular EMPs could be a prognostic marker for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in septic patients.The numbers of EMPs and ACE+ EMPs in the culture supernatant from human microvascular endothelial cells, as well as in the blood of mouse lung injury models and septic patients (n=82), were examined using flow cytometry.ACE+ EMPs in the culture supernatant from pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells increased after exposure to an inflammatory stimulus. In the mouse lung injury models, the circulating ACE+ EMPs and ACE+ EMP/EMP ratio were higher than in the controls (p<0.001). The ACE+ EMP/EMP ratio was correlated with the wet/dry lung ratio (rs=0.775, p<0.001). The circulating ACE+ EMPs and ACE+ EMP/EMP ratio on admission were significantly increased in septic patients who developed ARDS compared with septic patients who did not (p<0.001).Therefore, circulating ACE+ EMPs may be a prognostic marker for the development of ARDS in the septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takei
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Saito
- Dept of Intensive Care Unit, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kameyama
- Dept of Intensive Care Unit, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomonori Makiguchi
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujino
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Koarai
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Toyama
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Saito
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ejima
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Kawazoe
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kushimoto
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamauchi
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Caccioppo A, Franchin L, Grosso A, Angelini F, D'Ascenzo F, Brizzi MF. Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Mechanisms of Damage/Protection and Novel Strategies for Cardiac Recovery/Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5024. [PMID: 31614414 PMCID: PMC6834134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases in an aging population pose a heavy social encumbrance. Moreover, current therapeutic approaches, which aimed to prevent or minimize ischemia-induced damage, are associated with relevant costs for healthcare systems. Early reperfusion by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) has undoubtedly improved patient's outcomes; however, the prevention of long-term complications is still an unmet need. To face these hurdles and improve patient's outcomes, novel pharmacological and interventional approaches, alone or in combination, reducing myocardium oxygen consumption or supplying blood flow via collateral vessels have been proposed. A number of clinical trials are ongoing to validate their efficacy on patient's outcomes. Alternative options, including stem cell-based therapies, have been evaluated to improve cardiac regeneration and prevent scar formation. However, due to the lack of long-term engraftment, more recently, great attention has been devoted to their paracrine mediators, including exosomes (Exo) and microvesicles (MV). Indeed, Exo and MV are both currently considered to be one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. As a matter of fact, MV and Exo that are released from stem cells of different origin have been evaluated for their healing properties in ischemia reperfusion (I/R) settings. Therefore, this review will first summarize mechanisms of cardiac damage and protection after I/R damage to track the paths through which more appropriate interventional and/or molecular-based targeted therapies should be addressed. Moreover, it will provide insights on novel non-invasive/invasive interventional strategies and on Exo-based therapies as a challenge for improving patient's long-term complications. Finally, approaches for improving Exo healing properties, and topics still unsolved to move towards Exo clinical application will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caccioppo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| | - Luca Franchin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| | - Alberto Grosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| | - Filippo Angelini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy.
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Haller PM, Stojkovic S, Piackova E, Andric T, Wisgrill L, Spittler A, Wojta J, Huber K, Jäger B. The association of P2Y 12 inhibitors with pro-coagulatory extracellular vesicles and microRNAs in stable coronary artery disease. Platelets 2019; 31:497-504. [PMID: 31389740 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1648780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) act as a cellular communication tool by carrying lipids, proteins and micro RNA (miR) between cells, thereby playing a pivotal role in thromboembolic processes. The effect of P2Y12 inhibitors on pro-coagulatory, phosphatidylserine (PS)-expressing EV has been investigated previously, but only in vitro or during confounding clinical conditions, such as acute coronary syndrome. Hence, we enrolled 62 consecutive patients 12 month after percutaneous coronary intervention and stent implantation and consequent treatment with dual-antiplatelet therapy consisting of low-dose aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors. Blood for platelet function testing and EV and miR measurements was taken on the last day of P2Y12 inhibitor intake (baseline, on-treatment) and 10, 30 and 180 days thereafter (off-treatment). We did not observe any influence of P2Y12 inhibitors on the levels of PS-EV or EV sub-population from platelets, erythrocytes, monocytes or endothelial cells, respectively. There was no relationship between platelet function and EV levels in plasma. However, the association of miR-21 and miR-150 with platelet EVs was significantly different between on- and off-treatment measurements. Hence, our study suggests no influence of P2Y12 inhibition on the count of EVs in plasma, but on the potential cargo of platelet-derived EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Haller
- 3 Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital , Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research , Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Stojkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Edita Piackova
- 3 Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital , Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research , Vienna, Austria
| | - Tijana Andric
- 3 Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital , Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research , Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Wisgrill
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria.,Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research , Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria.,Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3 Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital , Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research , Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University , Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Jäger
- 3 Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital , Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research , Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University , Vienna, Austria
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Lundwall K, Mörtberg J, Mobarrez F, Jacobson SH, Jörneskog G, Spaak J. Changes in microparticle profiles by vitamin D receptor activation in chronic kidney disease - a randomized trial. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:290. [PMID: 31370809 PMCID: PMC6670162 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microparticles (MPs) are biomarkers and mediators of disease through their expression of surface receptors, reflecting activation or stress in their parent cells. Endothelial markers, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, are implicated in atherosclerosis and associated with cardiovascular risk. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have endothelial dysfunction and high levels of endothelial derived MPs. Vitamin D treatment has been reported to ameliorate endothelial function in CKD patients. We aimed to examine cell specific MP profiles and concentrations of MPs expressing the atherosclerotic markers ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 after treatment with paricalcitol in patients with CKD stage 3-4. METHODS Sub-study of the previously reported SOLID trial where 36 patients were randomly assigned to placebo, 1 or 2 μg paricalcitol, for 12 weeks. MPs were measured by flow cytometry after labelling with antibodies against endothelial (CD62E), platelet (CD62P, CD41, CD154) leukocyte (CD45) and vascular (CD54, CD106) markers. RESULTS Patients had a mean age of 65 years with a mean eGFR of 40 mL/min/1.73m2. Concentrations of ICAM-1 positive MPs were significantly reduced by treatment (repeated measures ANOVA p = 0.04). Repeated measures MANOVA of concentrations of endothelial, platelet and leukocyte MPs showed sustained levels in the 2 μg treatment group (p = 0.85) but a decline in the 1 μg (p = 0.04) and placebo groups (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with paricalcitol reduces concentrations of ICAM-1 positive MPs. This is accompanied by sustained concentrations of all cell specific MPs in the 2 μg group, and decreasing concentrations in the other groups, possibly due to a more healthy and reactive endothelium with paricalcitol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lundwall
- Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefin Mörtberg
- Department of Nephrology, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan H. Jacobson
- Department of Nephrology, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gun Jörneskog
- Department of Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Spaak
- Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bonaventura A, Montecucco F, Dallegri F, Carbone F, Lüscher TF, Camici GG, Liberale L. Novel findings in neutrophil biology and their impact on cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1266-1285. [PMID: 30918936 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa – Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa – Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Heart Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Zarà M, Guidetti GF, Camera M, Canobbio I, Amadio P, Torti M, Tremoli E, Barbieri SS. Biology and Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the Pathogenesis of Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112840. [PMID: 31212641 PMCID: PMC6600675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are well-established mediators of cell-to-cell communication. EVs can be released by every cell type and they can be classified into three major groups according to their biogenesis, dimension, density, and predominant protein markers: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. During their formation, EVs associate with specific cargo from their parental cell that can include RNAs, free fatty acids, surface receptors, and proteins. The biological function of EVs is to maintain cellular and tissue homeostasis by transferring critical biological cargos to distal or neighboring recipient cells. On the other hand, their role in intercellular communication may also contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including thrombosis. More recently, their physiological and biochemical properties have suggested their use as a therapeutic tool in tissue regeneration as well as a novel option for drug delivery. In this review, we will summarize the impact of EVs released from blood and vascular cells in arterial and venous thrombosis, describing the mechanisms by which EVs affect thrombosis and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zarà
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology in Cardiovascular Diseases, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Amadio
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Scientific Direction, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
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Sluijter JPG, Davidson SM, Boulanger CM, Buzás EI, de Kleijn DPV, Engel FB, Giricz Z, Hausenloy DJ, Kishore R, Lecour S, Leor J, Madonna R, Perrino C, Prunier F, Sahoo S, Schiffelers RM, Schulz R, Van Laake LW, Ytrehus K, Ferdinandy P. Extracellular vesicles in diagnostics and therapy of the ischaemic heart: Position Paper from the Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:19-34. [PMID: 29106545 PMCID: PMC5852624 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs)—particularly exosomes and microvesicles (MVs)—are attracting considerable interest in the cardiovascular field as the wide range of their functions is recognized. These capabilities include transporting regulatory molecules including different RNA species, lipids, and proteins through the extracellular space including blood and delivering these cargos to recipient cells to modify cellular activity. EVs powerfully stimulate angiogenesis, and can protect the heart against myocardial infarction. They also appear to mediate some of the paracrine effects of cells, and have therefore been proposed as a potential alternative to cell-based regenerative therapies. Moreover, EVs of different sources may be useful biomarkers of cardiovascular disease identities. However, the methods used for the detection and isolation of EVs have several limitations and vary widely between studies, leading to uncertainties regarding the exact population of EVs studied and how to interpret the data. The number of publications in the exosome and MV field has been increasing exponentially in recent years and, therefore, in this ESC Working Group Position Paper, the overall objective is to provide a set of recommendations for the analysis and translational application of EVs focussing on the diagnosis and therapy of the ischaemic heart. This should help to ensure that the data from emerging studies are robust and repeatable, and optimize the pathway towards the diagnostic and therapeutic use of EVs in clinical studies for patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Petrus Gerardus Sluijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Edit Iren Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Immunoproteogenomics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dominique Paschalis Victor de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Felix Benedikt Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.,The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Research & Development, Maple House 1st floor, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, W Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Raj Kishore
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and Lionel Opie Preclinical Imaging Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Center of Aging Science and Regenerative Medicine, CESI-Met and Institute of Cardiology, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- Institut Mitovasc, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ray Michel Schiffelers
- Laboratory Clinical Chemistry and Hematology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Linda Wilhelmina Van Laake
- Division Heart and Lungs, and Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest 1089, Hungary and.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
Microparticles are a distinctive group of small vesicles, without nucleus, which are involved as significant modulators in several physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. Plasma microparticles from various cellular lines have been subject of research. Data suggest that they are key players in development and manifestation of cardiovascular diseases and their presence, in high levels, is associated with chronic inflammation, endothelial damage and thrombosis. The strong correlation of microparticle levels with several outcomes in cardiovascular diseases has led to their utilization as biomarkers. Despite the limited clinical application at present, their significance emerges, mainly because their detection and enumeration methods are improving. This review article summarizes the evidence derived from research, related with the genesis and the function of microparticles in the presence of various cardiovascular risk factors and conditions. The current data provide a substrate for several theories of how microparticles influence various cellular mechanisms by transferring biological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Voukalis
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Eduard Shantsila
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- b Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science , University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital , Liverpool , UK.,c Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
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Effects of Microvesicles on Cell Apoptosis under Hypoxia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5972152. [PMID: 31178970 PMCID: PMC6501227 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5972152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, as one of the severe cellular stresses, can cause cellular injury and even cell death. Apoptosis is the main mechanism of regulating cell death and is closely related to the cell death caused by hypoxia. However, hypoxia-induced apoptosis is not entirely the result of direct hypoxic stimulus of cells. In recent years, it has been found that cells injured by hypoxia can shed a kind of membranous vesicles, which are called microvesicles (MVs). MVs can carry bioactive molecules from injured mother cells and appear in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and other body fluids. MVs can induce normal cell apoptosis by transferring bioactive molecules into adjacent cells and amplifying the hypoxic injury in an organism. This review summarizes the characteristic changes of MVs derived from hypoxic cells and the mechanism of normal cell apoptosis mediated by hypoxic cell-derived MVs. Finally, we introduce the significance of this apoptosis-apoptosis cascade reaction in hypoxic diseases.
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Xu Z, Jia Z, Shi J, Zhang Z, Gao X, Jia Q, Liu B, Liu J, Liu C, Zhao X, He K. Transcriptional profiling in the livers of rats after hypobaric hypoxia exposure. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6499. [PMID: 30993032 PMCID: PMC6461035 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascent to high altitude feels uncomfortable in part because of a decreased partial pressure of oxygen due to the decrease in barometric pressure. The molecular mechanisms causing injury in liver tissue after exposure to a hypoxic environment are widely unknown. The liver must physiologically and metabolically change to improve tolerance to altitude-induced hypoxia. Since the liver is the largest metabolic organ and regulates many physiological and metabolic processes, it plays an important part in high altitude adaptation. The cellular response to hypoxia results in changes in the gene expression profile. The present study explores these changes in a rat model. To comprehensively investigate the gene expression and physiological changes under hypobaric hypoxia, we used genome-wide transcription profiling. Little is known about the genome-wide transcriptional response to acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia in the livers of rats. In this study, we carried out RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) of liver tissue from rats in three groups, normal control rats (L), rats exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia for 2 weeks (W2L) and rats chronically exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 4 weeks (W4L), to explore the transcriptional profile of acute and chronic mountain sickness in a mammal under a controlled time-course. We identified 497 differentially expressed genes between the three groups. A principal component analysis revealed large differences between the acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia groups compared with the control group. Several immune-related and metabolic pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and galactose metabolism, were highly enriched in the KEGG pathway analysis. Similar results were found in the Gene Ontology analysis. Cogena analysis showed that the immune-related pathways were mainly upregulated and enriched in the acute hypobaric hypoxia group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Xu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilong Jia
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Shi
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bohan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jixuan Liu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun He
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lebedeva AM, Shpektor AV, Vasilieva EY, Margolis LB. Cytomegalovirus Infection in Cardiovascular Diseases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 83:1437-1447. [PMID: 30878019 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918120027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis underlies the development of many cardiovascular diseases that continue to hold a leading place among the causes of death in developed countries. The role of activated immune cells in atherosclerosis progression has been convincingly demonstrated, but the mechanism of their action remains poorly investigated. Since atherosclerosis is associated with chronic inflammatory response, involvement of viral and bacterial infections in atherogenesis has been examined. A special place among the infectious agents is held by human herpesviruses as the most common persistent viruses in human population coupled to chronic inflammation during atherosclerosis. We found that activation of cytomegalovirus (CMV, human herpesvirus 5) infection is associated with the emergence of acute coronary syndrome, which is in a good agreement with the data on productive CMV infection published elsewhere. In this review, we discuss the data obtained by us and other researchers regarding the role of cytomegalovirus infection and related potential mechanisms resulting in the expansion of atherosclerotic plaques during ischemic heart disease and stroke, including virus transfer to immune and endothelial cells via extracellular vesicles. In particular, the data presented in the review demonstrate that virus spreading in the vascular wall triggers immune system activation in atherosclerotic plaques and causes endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, productive CMV infection in patients with acute myocardial infarction correlates with the extent of endothelial dysfunction. The mechanisms described by us and other researchers may explain the role of CMV infection in atherosclerosis and development of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lebedeva
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 127473, Russia.
| | - A V Shpektor
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 127473, Russia
| | - E Yu Vasilieva
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 127473, Russia
| | - L B Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Wernly B, Mirna M, Rezar R, Prodinger C, Jung C, Podesser BK, Kiss A, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M. Regenerative Cardiovascular Therapies: Stem Cells and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1420. [PMID: 30901815 PMCID: PMC6470623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although reperfusion therapy has improved outcomes, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still associated with both significant mortality and morbidity. Once irreversible myocardial cell death due to ischemia and reperfusion sets in, scarring leads to reduction in left ventricular function and subsequent heart failure. Regenerative cardiovascular medicine experienced a boost in the early 2000s when regenerative effects of bone marrow stem cells in a murine model of AMI were described. Translation from an animal model to stem cell application in a clinical setting was rapid and the first large trials in humans suffering from AMI were conducted. However, high initial hopes were early shattered by inconsistent results of randomized clinical trials in patients suffering from AMI treated with stem cells. Hence, we provide an overview of both basic science and clinical trials carried out in regenerative cardiovascular therapies. Possible pitfalls in specific cell processing techniques and trial design are discussed as these factors influence both basic science and clinical outcomes. We address possible solutions. Alternative mechanisms and explanations for effects seen in both basic science and some clinical trials are discussed here, with special emphasis on paracrine mechanisms via growth factors, exosomes, and microRNAs. Based on these findings, we propose an outlook in which stem cell therapy, or therapeutic effects associated with stem cell therapy, such as paracrine mechanisms, might play an important role in the future. Optimizing stem cell processing and a better understanding of paracrine signaling as well as its effect on cardioprotection and remodeling after AMI might improve not only AMI research, but also our patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Wernly
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Moritz Mirna
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Richard Rezar
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Christine Prodinger
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Uta C Hoppe
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Mörtberg J, Lundwall K, Mobarrez F, Wallén H, Jacobson SH, Spaak J. Increased concentrations of platelet- and endothelial-derived microparticles in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced renal function- a descriptive study. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:71. [PMID: 30823870 PMCID: PMC6397450 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of recurring thrombotic events following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Microparticles (MPs) are circulating small vesicles shed from various cells. Platelet microparticles (PMPs) reflect platelet activation and endothelial microparticles (EMPs) reflect endothelial activation or dysfunction. Both increase following AMI, and may mediate important biological effects. We hypothesized that AMI patients with CKD have further elevated PMPs and EMPs compared with non-CKD patients, despite concurrent antithrombotic treatment. Methods We performed a descriptive study of patients with AMI. Fasting blood samples were acquired from 47 patients on dual antiplatelet treatment. Patients were stratified by renal function: normal (H; n = 19) mean eGFR 88; moderate CKD (CKD3; n = 15) mean eGFR 47, and severe CKD (CKD4–5; n = 13) mean eGFR 20 mL/min/1.73 m2. MPs were measured by flow-cytometry and phenotyped according to size (< 1.0 μm) and expression of CD41 (GPIIb; PMPs) and CD62E (E-selectin; EMPs). In addition, expression of platelet activation markers P-selectin (CD62P) and CD40ligand (CD154) were also investigated. Results PMPs expressing CD40 ligand were higher in CKD4–5: 210 /μl (174–237); median and interquartile range; vs. group H; 101 /μl (71–134; p < 0.0001) and CKD 3: 142 /μl (125–187; p = 0.006). PMPs expressing P-selectin were higher in CKD4–5 compared with H, but not in CKD3. EMPs were higher in CKD4–5; 245 /μl (189–308) compared with H; 83 /μl (53–140; p < 0.0001) and CKD3; 197 /μl (120–245; p < 0.002). Conclusions In AMI patients, PMPs and EMPs from activated platelets and endothelial cell are further elevated in CKD patients. This indicate impaired endothelial function and higher platelet activation in CKD patients, despite concurrent antiplatelet treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Mörtberg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Lundwall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallén
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan H Jacobson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Spaak
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cremer SE, Koch J, Graversen N, Gravgaard AS, Langhorn R, Kristensen AT, Willesen JL, Nielsen LN. Analytical validation of platelet microparticle quantification in cats. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:386-395. [PMID: 30199121 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiogenic embolism (CE) in cats is a devastating condition primarily associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Hypercoagulability may pose a risk for thrombus formation; however, no single test can predict CE development. Platelet microparticles (PMPs) released from platelet membranes are associated with thrombosis in humans. OBJECTIVES The aims were to validate flow cytometric PMP quantification in cats analytically and, in a pilot study, evaluate the procoagulant annexin V (AnV) positive PMP concentration in healthy cats and cats with asymptomatic HCM. METHODS With CD61 as a platelet marker, CD61+ AnV+ PMPs (0.3-1.0 μm) were quantified in citrated whole blood (WB) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) using flow cytometry. Analyses were performed in 6 healthy cats and 5 cats with asymptomatic HCM. The coefficient of variation (CV) for duplicate (intra-assay) and parallel (inter-assay) analyses were calculated. RESULTS PMP concentrations were quantified with acceptable intra-assay CV for WB (CD61+ /AnV- ; 2.4%, 0.2%-8.4% (median, range), CD61+ /AnV+ ; 3.8%, 0.1%-12.5%) and PPP (CD61+ /AnV- ; 5.0%, 0.7%-12.8%, CD61+ /AnV+ ; 7.4%, 0.5%-15.3%), and acceptable inter-assay CV for WB in 10/11 cats (CD61+ /AnV- ; 6.2%, 1.4%-13.3%, CD61+ /AnV+ ; 6.4%, 0.7%-17.2%), but unacceptable for PPP (CD61+ /AnV- ; 15.6%, 5.8%-42.7%, CD61+ /AnV+ ; 27.8%, 8.4%-77.1%). For WB PMP concentrations, the pilot data demonstrated no differences between healthy cats and cats with asymptomatic HCM (4/5 with left ventricular outflow obstruction) for either the CD61+ /AnV- or the CD61+ /AnV+ PMPs. CONCLUSIONS Only WB PMP concentrations could be quantified reliably in cats in a clinical setting. PMP concentrations did not differ between healthy and asymptomatic HCM cats in this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe E Cremer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Koch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Graversen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne S Gravgaard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Langhorn
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemarie T Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob L Willesen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise N Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sionis A, Suades R, Sans-Roselló J, Sánchez-Martínez M, Crespo J, Padró T, Cubedo J, Ferrero-Gregori A, Vila-Perales M, Duran-Cambra A, Badimon L. Circulating microparticles are associated with clinical severity of persistent ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock. Int J Cardiol 2018; 258:249-256. [PMID: 29544939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiogenic shock (CS) is the leading cause of death in patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction (MI). Despite the recent advances in reperfusion and medical treatment mortality remains unacceptably high. Whether cells of the blood compartment in CS-patients are activated and release microparticles (cMPs) that may be both messengers and biomarkers of cell damage is not known. We aimed to investigate the cMP subtypes and parental activated cells of ST-elevation MI (STEMI)-patients complicated by CS and that of non-CS STEMI-patients (non-CS) in order to identify a cMP signature that could aid CS patient's risk stratification. METHODS Clinically-characterized STEMI-patients with and without CS (36/group) were included. Treatment was delivered according to guidelines and included primary percutaneous coronary intervention. cMPs were characterized by triple-labeling flow cytometry using Annexin V and cell surface-specific monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Increased levels of leukocyte-derived (neutrophil and granulocyte origin) and platelet-derived cMPs were detected in CS compared to non-CS patients. A signature of cMPs derived from platelets, leukocytes, and endothelium discriminated CS-patients (AUC of 0.743±0.059 [95% CI: 0.628-0.859], P<0.0001) and predicted mortality in CS (AUC of 0.869±0.06 [95% CI: 0.750-0.988], P<0.0001). In CS-patients, a higher number of platelet- and monocyte-cMPs and of tissue factor-rich cMPs associated to worse myocardial blush grade and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow. CONCLUSIONS cMPs derived from proinflammatory and prothrombotic cells were found to be elevated in CS-patients. In treated as per guidelines CS patients, granulocytes and neutrophils remained activated and actively shed cMPs. These cMPs were biomarkers of adverse prognosis in CS. TRANSLATIONAL ASPECT Increased levels of leukocyte and platelet-derived circulating microparticles (cMPs) are found in cardiogenic shock (CS) patients as compared to non-CS patients. In CS-patients, a higher number of platelet- and monocyte-cMPs and a higher number of tissue factor-rich cMPs were associated to worse myocardial reperfusion. A specific prothrombotic and proinflammatory cMPs signature in cardiogenic shock (CS) patients is a potential discriminator and survival prognostic biomarker for CS, which could aid management and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sionis
- Acute and Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Suades
- ICCC, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Sans-Roselló
- Acute and Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Martínez
- Acute and Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Crespo
- ICCC, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Padró
- CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; ICCC, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Cubedo
- CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; ICCC, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Ferrero-Gregori
- Epidemiology Department, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Vila-Perales
- Acute and Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Duran-Cambra
- Acute and Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Badimon
- CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; ICCC, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
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Bryl-Górecka P, Sathanoori R, Al-Mashat M, Olde B, Jögi J, Evander M, Laurell T, Erlinge D. Effect of exercise on the plasma vesicular proteome: a methodological study comparing acoustic trapping and centrifugation. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3101-3111. [PMID: 30178811 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00686e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of actively released vesicles originating from a wide range of cell types. Characterization of these EVs and their proteomes in the human plasma provides a novel approach in clinical diagnostics, as they reflect physiological and pathological states. However, EV isolation is technically challenging with the current methods having several disadvantages, requiring large sample volumes, and resulting in loss of sample and EV integrity. Here, we use an alternative, non-contact method based on a microscale acoustic standing wave technology. Improved coupling of the acoustic resonator increased the EV recovery from 30% in earlier reports to 80%, also displaying long term stability between experiment days. We report a pilot study, with 20 subjects who underwent physical exercise. Plasma samples were obtained before and 1 h after the workout. Acoustic trapping was compared to a standard high-speed centrifugation protocol, and the method was validated by flow cytometry (FCM). To monitor the device stability, the pooled frozen plasma from volunteers was used as an internal control. A key finding from the FCM analysis was a decrease in CD62E+ (E-selectin) EVs 1 h after exercise that was consistent for both methods. Furthermore, we report the first data that analyse differential EV protein expression before and after physical exercise. Olink-based proteomic analysis showed 54 significantly changed proteins in the EV fraction in response to physical exercise, whereas the EV-free plasma proteome only displayed four differentially regulated proteins, thus underlining an important role of these vesicles in cellular communication, and their potential as plasma derived biomarkers. We conclude that acoustic trapping offers a fast and efficient method comparable with high-speed centrifugation protocols. Further, it has the advantage of using smaller sample volumes (12.5 μL) and rapid contact-free separation with higher yield, and can thus pave the way for future clinical EV-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bryl-Górecka
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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WANG WENTING, LI ZIJIAN, FENG JUAN. The potential role of exosomes in the diagnosis and therapy of ischemic diseases. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1204-1219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cesselli D, Parisse P, Aleksova A, Veneziano C, Cervellin C, Zanello A, Beltrami AP. Extracellular Vesicles: How Drug and Pathology Interfere With Their Biogenesis and Function. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1394. [PMID: 30327618 PMCID: PMC6174233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are at the center of an intense activity of investigation, both for their possible employment as biomarkers of ongoing pathologic processes and for their broad range of biological activities. EV can promote tissue repair in very different pathologic settings, including hindlimb and myocardial ischemia. Importantly, the exact mode of action of EV is still partly understood, since they may act by modulating growth factors and cytokines, signaling pathways, and by transferring non-coding RNAs to target cells. However, the term EV identifies cell derived, enveloped particles very heterogeneous in size, composition, and biogenesis. Therefore, part of the controversies on the biological effects exerted by EV is a consequence of differences in methods of separation that result in the enrichment of different entities. Since technical challenges still hamper the highly specific sorting of different EV subpopulations, up to now only few investigators have tried to verify differences in the biological effects of specific EV subtypes. This review summarizes the current state of the art on the comprehension of mechanisms involved in EV biogenesis and release, which is a prerequisite for understanding and investigating the impact that pathology and drug therapy may exert on the secretion and composition of EV. Finally, we described both the mechanism involved in the modulation of EV secretion by drugs commonly used in patients affected by heart failure, and how pathophysiological mechanisms involved in heart disease modify EV secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aneta Aleksova
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste - University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Zanello
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Wei H, Malcor JDM, Harper MT. Lipid rafts are essential for release of phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles from platelets. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9987. [PMID: 29968812 PMCID: PMC6030044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets protect the vascular system during damage or inflammation, but platelet activation can result in pathological thrombosis. Activated platelets release a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs shed from the plasma membrane often expose phosphatidylserine (PS). These EVs are pro-thrombotic and increased in number in many cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The mechanisms by which PS-exposing EVs are shed from activated platelets are not well characterised. Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts provide a platform for coordinating signalling through receptors and Ca2+ channels in platelets. We show that cholesterol depletion with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or sequestration with filipin prevented the Ca2+-triggered release of PS-exposing EVs. Although calpain activity was required for release of PS-exposing, calpain-dependent cleavage of talin was not affected by cholesterol depletion. P2Y12 and TPα, receptors for ADP and thromboxane A2, respectively, have been reported to be in platelet lipid rafts. However, the P2Y12 antagonist, AR-C69931MX, or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, aspirin, had no effect on A23187-induced release of PS-exposing EVs. Together, these data show that lipid rafts are required for release of PS-exposing EVs from platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Zhang B, Zhang Y, Liu B, Fang L, Li Y, Meng S. Iso-Osmolar Iodixanol Induces Less Increase in Circulating Endothelial Microparticles In Vivo and Less Endothelial Apoptosis In Vitro Compared with Low-Osmolar Iohexol. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:8303609. [PMID: 29849514 PMCID: PMC5914123 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8303609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims There is no consensus on whether iodixanol is superior to iohexol. This study aimed to compare the effects of iodixanol and iohexol on circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and also their cytotoxic effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Methods 100 CAD patients with DM were randomly assigned to receive iso-osmolar contrast medium iodixanol (group I) or low-osmolar iohexol (group II) during coronary angioplasty. An additional 49 CAD patients without DM receiving iohexol were recruited as group III. Circulating CD31+/CD41a- EMPs, CD62E+ EMPs, and CD31+/CD41a+ platelet microparticles (PMPs) were determined by flow cytometry. In vitro, the cytotoxic effects of iodixanol and iohexol on HUVECs were determined. Results Circulating CD31+/CD41a- EMPs and PMPs were significantly increased after angioplasty in all 3 groups, while CD62E+ EMPs significantly decreased in group I. CD31+/CD41a- EMPs and PMPs were significantly higher in group II than group I or III. In vitro, both contrast media induced EMP release and inhibited the viability and induced apoptosis of HUVECs, as well as increasing Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and decreasing Bcl-2. The above effects were less evident in iodixanol than in iohexol. Conclusions Compared with iohexol, iodixanol induces less release of EMPs in both CAD patients with DM during angioplasty and in vitro HUVEC culture, which is associated with less pronounced proapoptotic effects of iodixanol on HUVECs. Clinical Study Registration Number This study is registered with ChiCTR-TRC-14005183.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beijian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yigang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang C, Jiang H, Duan J, Chen J, Wang Q, Liu X, Wang C. Exploration of Acute Phase Proteins and Inflammatory Cytokines in Early Stage Diagnosis of Acute Mountain Sickness. High Alt Med Biol 2018; 19:170-177. [PMID: 29608374 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2017.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wang, Chi, Hui Jiang, Jinyan Duan, Jingwen Chen, Qi Wang, Xiaoting Liu, and Chengbin Wang. Exploration of acute phase proteins and inflammatory cytokines in early stage diagnosis of acute mountain sickness. High Alt Med Biol. 19:170-177, 2018. BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of acute mountain sickness (AMS) is currently based on personal appreciation of the severity of symptoms. A more objective method to diagnose AMS is required. Inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins have been reported to be different at high altitude. METHODS A total of 104 male soldiers rapidly ascending from Beijing (20-60 m) to Germu, Qinghai (3200 m), were divided into AMS group and non-AMS group according to the Lake Louis Score system. Blood pressure, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation were measured. Forty-nine blood samples were collected before and on the 3rd day after ascending to the high altitude. Serum haptoglobin (Hp), transferrin (Tf), and complement C3 were detected by immune scattered nephelometry, whereas serum interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by chemical luminescence immunity analyzer. The sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curve were evaluated. Youden index with the maximum value was used to determine cutoff values of each parameter. Logistic regression was performed to determine the diagnostic efficiency of combination of three cytokines. RESULTS Differences of physical indexes between AMS group and non-AMS group were of no statistical significance. In AMS group, serum Tf significantly increased while Hp decreased when compared with non-AMS group. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were higher in the AMS group than in the non-AMS group. The cutoff values for Tf, Hp, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were 263.5 mg/dL, 119.35 mg/dL, 6.2 pg/mL, 15.05 pg/mL, and 18.35 pg/mL, respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) of combining three cytokines together was higher than AUC of each cytokine separately. CONCLUSIONS Acute phase proteins and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) show significant changes between the AMS group and the non-AMS group. Combination of inflammatory cytokines or acute phase proteins improves the specificity for diagnosis of AMS. This might provide objective indexes for scanning and screening individuals susceptible to AMS in the early stage of rapid ascending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wang
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- 2 Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Jinyan Duan
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- 2 Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- 3 Outpatient Department of Chinese People's Liberation Army Aviation School , Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Chengbin Wang
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing, China
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Santilli F, Marchisio M, Lanuti P, Boccatonda A, Miscia S, Davì G. Microparticles as new markers of cardiovascular risk in diabetes and beyond. Thromb Haemost 2018; 116:220-34. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-03-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe term microparticle (MP) identifies a heterogeneous population of vesicles playing a relevant role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, cancer and metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. MPs are released by virtually all cell types by shedding during cell growth, proliferation, activation, apoptosis or senescence processes. MPs, in particular platelet- and endothelial-derived MPs (PMPs and EMPs), are increased in a wide range of thrombotic disorders, with an interesting relationship between their levels and disease pathophysiology, activity or progression. EMP plasma levels have been associated with several cardiovascular diseases and risk factors. PMPs are also shown to be involved in the progressive formation of atherosclerotic plaque and development of arterial thrombosis, especially in diabetic patients. Indeed, diabetes is characterised by an increased procoagulant state and by a hyperreactive platelet phenotype, with enhanced adhesion, aggregation, and activation. Elevated MP levels, such as TF+ MPs, have been shown to be one of the procoagulant determinants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerotic plaque constitutes an opulent source of sequestered MPs, called “plaque” MPs. Otherwise, circulating MPs represent a TF reservoir, named “blood-borne” TF, challenging the dogma that TF is a constitutive protein expressed in minute amounts. “Blood-borne” TF is mainly harboured by PMPs, and it can be trapped within the developing thrombus. MP detection and enumeration by polychromatic flow cytometry (PFC) have opened interesting perspectives in clinical settings, particularly for the evaluation of MP numbers and phenotypes as independent marker of cardiovascular risk, disease and outcome in diabetic patients.
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