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Deroissart J, Binder CJ, Porsch F. Role of Antibodies and Their Specificities in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:2154-2168. [PMID: 39114917 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.319843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease that is modulated by innate and adaptive immunity including humoral immunity. Importantly, antibody alterations achieved by genetic means or active and passive immunization strategies in preclinical studies can improve or aggravate atherosclerosis. Additionally, a wide range of epidemiological data demonstrate not only an association between the total levels of different antibody isotypes but also levels of antibodies targeting specific antigens with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Here, we discuss the potential role of atherogenic dyslipidemia on the antibody repertoire and review potential antibody-mediated effector mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis development highlighting the major atherosclerosis-associated antigens that trigger antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Deroissart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Florentina Porsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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2
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Yoshinaga M, Yuasa E, Matsuoka T, Kihara S, Yamamoto H. Anti-Lipoprotein Lipase Antibody as a Useful Marker for Plaque Vulnerability in Patients with Stable Angina. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:1087-1097. [PMID: 38325861 PMCID: PMC11224687 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Identifying patients with vulnerable plaque who have poor prognosis among those with coronary artery disease (CAD) is crucial to deciding future therapeutic interventions. We previously reported that male CAD patients with low anti-apolipoprotein B-100 autoantibody (anti-apoB-100 Ab) levels were at an increased risk of developing unstable plaque lesions. This study focused on the autoantibodies against lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a key enzyme in triglyceride metabolism, which is another risk factor for atherosclerosis, and investigated their association with plaque characteristics. METHODS We measured serum anti-LPL Ab levels using a homemade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 80 male CAD patients. Coronary plaque properties were evaluated using iMAP®-intravascular ultrasound. RESULTS Serum anti-LPL Ab levels were not correlated with plaque burden but were significantly negatively and positively correlated with fibrotic and necrotic plaques, respectively. High-risk patients with low anti-apoB-100 Ab levels were divided into groups according to their anti-LPL Ab levels. The group with high anti-LPL Ab levels exhibited more necrotic plaques and fewer fibrotic plaques as well as higher remnant-like lipoprotein particle levels than the group with low anti-LPL Ab levels. CONCLUSIONS Serum anti-LPL Ab levels can serve as a marker of plaque instability in CAD patients and can help identify higher-risk cases when combined with anti-apoB-100 Ab levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Yoshinaga
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eika Yuasa
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuoka
- Department of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Ngai D, Sukka SR, Tabas I. Crosstalk between efferocytic myeloid cells and T-cells and its relevance to atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403150. [PMID: 38873597 PMCID: PMC11169609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between myeloid cells and T-lymphocytes is critical to the regulation of host defense and inflammation resolution. Dysregulation of this interaction can contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Important among these diseases is atherosclerosis, which refers to focal lesions in the arterial intima driven by elevated apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, notably low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and characterized by the formation of a plaque composed of inflammatory immune cells, a collection of dead cells and lipids called the necrotic core, and a fibrous cap. As the disease progresses, the necrotic core expands, and the fibrous cap becomes thin, which increases the risk of plaque rupture or erosion. Plaque rupture leads to a rapid thrombotic response that can give rise to heart attack, stroke, or sudden death. With marked lowering of circulating LDL, however, plaques become more stable and cardiac risk is lowered-a process known as atherosclerosis regression. A critical aspect of both atherosclerosis progression and regression is the crosstalk between innate (myeloid cells) and adaptive (T-lymphocytes) immune cells. Myeloid cells are specialized at clearing apoptotic cells by a process called efferocytosis, which is necessary for inflammation resolution. In advanced disease, efferocytosis is impaired, leading to secondary necrosis of apoptotic cells, inflammation, and, most importantly, defective tissue resolution. In regression, efferocytosis is reawakened aiding in inflammation resolution and plaque stabilization. Here, we will explore how efferocytosing myeloid cells could affect T-cell function and vice versa through antigen presentation, secreted factors, and cell-cell contacts and how this cellular crosstalk may contribute to the progression or regression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ngai
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Santosh R. Sukka
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Physiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Chyu KY, Zhao X, Zhou J, Dimayuga PC, Lio NW, Cercek B, Trac NT, Chung EJ, Shah PK. Immunization using ApoB-100 peptide-linked nanoparticles reduces atherosclerosis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:149741. [PMID: 35536648 PMCID: PMC9220835 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Active immunization with the apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100) peptide P210 reduces experimental atherosclerosis. To advance this immunization strategy to future clinical testing, we explored the possibility of delivering P210 as an antigen using nanoparticles, given this approach has been used clinically. We first characterized the responses of T cells to P210 using PBMCs from patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We then investigated the use of P210 in self-assembling peptide amphiphile micelles (P210-PAMs) as a vaccine formulation to reduce atherosclerosis in B6.129P2-Apoetm1Unc/J (ApoE–/–) mice and P210’s potential mechanisms of action. We also generated and characterized a humanized mouse model with chimeric HLA-A*02:01/Kb in ApoE–/– background to test the efficacy of P210-PAM immunization as a bridge to future clinical testing. P210 provoked T cell activation and memory response in PBMCs of patients with ASCVD. Dendritic cell uptake of P210-PAM and its costaining with MHC-I molecules supported its use as a vaccine formulation. In ApoE–/– mice, immunization with P210-PAMs dampened P210-specific CD4+ T cell proliferative response and CD8+ T cell cytolytic response, modulated macrophage phenotype, and significantly reduced aortic atherosclerosis. Potential clinical relevance of P210-PAM immunization was demonstrated by reduced atherosclerosis in the humanized ApoE–/– mouse model. Our data support experimental and translational use of P210-PAM as a potential vaccine candidate against human ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yuh Chyu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Jianchang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Paul C Dimayuga
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Nicole Wm Lio
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Bojan Cercek
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Noah T Trac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Prediman K Shah
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
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5
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Sveen KA, Smith G, Björkbacka H, Orho-Melander M, Engström G, Gonçalves I, Melander O, Nilsson J, Bengtsson E. High levels of autoantibodies against apoB100 p210 are associated with lower incidence of atrial fibrillation in women. J Intern Med 2022; 291:207-217. [PMID: 34532909 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with inflammation, both systemically and in the atrial tissue. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is increased in patients with AF and is suggested to be one of the molecules that drives inflammation. Autoantibodies against oxidized LDL and apolipoprotein B100, the protein component of LDL, are linked to atherosclerotic disease. However, whether these autoantibodies are associated with occurrence of AF is not known. We investigated autoantibodies against oxidized apolipoprotein B100 peptides and incidence of AF in a large population-based cohort. METHODS IgM and IgG against native and aldehyde-modified apoB100 peptides 210 (p210) and 45 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 5169 individuals from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. RESULTS Seven hundred sixty-nine incident AF cases were recorded during a follow-up of 21.3 years. Individuals with high levels of IgM against native p210 at baseline had a lower risk of developing AF; however, the association did not remain after adjustment for age and sex. Women had higher levels of IgM against native p210 than men (0.70 ± 0.22 AU vs. 0.63 ± 0.21 AU, p < 0.001). The association of IgM against native p210 and AF was significantly different between sexes (p for interaction = 0.024), where females with high IgM against p210 had a lower risk for incidence of AF (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 4th versus 1st quartile: 0.67 [0.49-0.91]; p = 0.01) after adjusting for risk factors and comorbidities. CONCLUSION These findings support an association of humoral autoimmunity with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Anne Sveen
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Imai M, Kawamura M, Kochi I, Matsuoka T, Kihara S, Yamamoto H. Anti-Apo B-100 Autoantibody is a Marker of Unstable Coronary Plaque. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:1025-1034. [PMID: 33191364 PMCID: PMC8560848 DOI: 10.5551/jat.58784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a global leading cause of mortality. However, few biomarkers are available to predict future coronary plaque rupture. We have recently demonstrated that low levels of anti-apolipoprotein B-100 autoantibody (anti-apo B-100 Ab) correlated with an increased CVD risk in Japanese patients with diabetes. In the present study, we examined the relationship between serum anti-apo B-100 Ab levels and coronary plaque characteristics in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS We conducted iMAP®-intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in 88 Japanese male patients undergoing elective PCI, and the five consecutive slices of IVUS images at the center of the most stenotic culprit lesion were used for identifying the plaque characteristics. The serum levels of anti-apo B-100 Ab against synthetic peptides (p45 or p210) were measured using a homemade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum IgG levels of anti-apo B-100 Ab against both native p45 and p210 (IgG N-p45 and IgGN-p210) and malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified p45 and p210 (IgGMDA-p45 or IgGMDA-p210) showed a negative correlation with plaque burden in total male patients undergoing elective PCI. Additionally, both IgGN-p45 and IgGN-p210, but neither IgGMDA-p45 nor IgGMDA-p210, correlated negatively with necrotic and positively with fibrotic components of iMAP®-IVUS plaque characteristics in the patients with <1 month statin treatment before elective PCI ("statin-untreated" group). There was no significant correlation between anti-apo B-100 Ab and any plaque characteristics in the patients with statin treatment for 1 month or more before elective PCI ("statin-treated" group). CONCLUSION Measuring serum levels of anti-apo B-100 Ab might be helpful in the evaluation of unstable coronary plaque in male CVD patients without statin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Imai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mari Kawamura
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ikoi Kochi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuro Matsuoka
- Department of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyasu Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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7
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Porsch F, Mallat Z, Binder CJ. Humoral immunity in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: from B cells to antibodies. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2544-2562. [PMID: 34450620 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune mechanisms are critically involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Associations of specific antibody levels and defined B cell subsets with cardiovascular disease activity in humans as well as mounting evidence from preclinical models demonstrate a role of B cells and humoral immunity in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These include all aspects of B cell immunity, the generation of antigen-specific antibodies, antigen presentation and co-stimulation of T cells, as well as production of cytokines. Through their impact on adaptive and innate immune responses and the regulation of many other immune cells, B cells mediate both protective and detrimental effects in cardiovascular disease. Several antigens derived from (oxidised) lipoproteins, the vascular wall and classical autoantigens have been identified. The unique antibody responses they trigger and their relationship with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are reviewed. In particular, we focus on the different effector functions of specific IgM, IgG, and IgE antibodies and the cellular responses they trigger and highlight potential strategies to target B cell functions for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Porsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France.,Unversité Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris France
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Dunér P, Mattisson IY, Fogelstrand P, Glise L, Ruiz S, Farina C, Borén J, Nilsson J, Bengtsson E. Antibodies against apoB100 peptide 210 inhibit atherosclerosis in apoE -/- mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9022. [PMID: 33907226 PMCID: PMC8079692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by an accumulation and subsequent oxidation of LDL, resulting in adaptive immune responses against formed or exposed neoepitopes of the LDL particle. Autoantibodies against native p210, the 3136–3155 amino acid sequence of the LDL protein apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB100) are common in humans and have been associated with less severe atherosclerosis and decreased risk for cardiovascular events in clinical studies. However, whether apoB100 native p210 autoantibodies play a functional role in atherosclerosis is not known. In the present study we immunized apoE-/- mice with p210-PADRE peptide to induce an antibody response against native p210. We also injected mice with murine monoclonal IgG against native p210. Control groups were immunized with PADRE peptide alone or with control murine monoclonal IgG. Immunization with p210-PADRE induced an IgG1 antibody response against p210 that was associated with reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in the aorta and reduced MDA-LDL content in the lesions. Treatment with monoclonal p210 IgG produced a similar reduction in atherosclerosis as immunization with p210-PADRE. Our findings support an atheroprotective role of antibodies against the apoB100 native p210 and suggest that vaccines that induce the expression of native p210 IgG represent a potential therapeutic strategy for lowering cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Dunér
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms street 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Ingrid Yao Mattisson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms street 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.,Redoxis AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Glise
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms street 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms street 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
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9
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Biphasic Production of Anti-ApoB100 Autoantibodies in Obese Humans and Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040330. [PMID: 33916621 PMCID: PMC8065440 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with autoimmunity, a phenomenon considered as harmful. Here we show that obese mice and humans produce IgG-type autoantibodies that specifically recognize apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB100), its native epitope p210, and the synthetic p210 mimotope pB1. By contrast, antibodies against epitopes p45 and p240, which have been associated with atherosclerosis, were not detected in either the humans or mice. In a longitudinal analysis of high fat diet-fed mice, autoantibody production rose with increasing body weight, then decreased and plateaued at morbid obesity. Likewise, in a cross-sectional analysis of sera from 148 human volunteers spanning a wide BMI range and free of comorbidities, the immunoreactivity increased and then decreased with increasing BMI. Thus, the obesity-related ApoB100-specific natural autoantibodies characteristically showed the same epitope recognition, IgG-type, and biphasic serum levels in humans and mice. We previously reported that a pB1-based vaccine induces similar antibodies and can prevent obesity in mice. Therefore, our present results suggest that autoantibodies directed against native ApoB100 may mitigate obesity, and that the vaccination approach may be effective in humans.
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Yi X, Wang Y, Jia Z, Hiller S, Nakamura J, Luft JC, Tian S, DeSimone JM. Retinoic Acid-Loaded Poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticle Formulation of ApoB-100-Derived Peptide 210 Attenuates Atherosclerosis. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2020; 16:467-480. [PMID: 32970979 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2020.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We developed a vaccine formulation containing ApoB derived P210 peptides as autoantigens, retinoic acid (RA) as an immune enhancer, both of which were delivered using PLGA nanoparticles. The formula was used to induce an immune response in 12-week-old male Apoe-/- mice with pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions. The nanotechnology platform PRINT® was used to fabricate PLGA nanoparticles that encapsulated RA inside and adsorbed the P210 onto the particle surface. In this study, we demonstrated that immunization of Apoe-/- mice with the formulation was able to considerably attenuate atherosclerotic lesions, accompanied by increased P210 specific IgM and another oxidized lipid derived autoantigen, M2AA, specific IgG autoantibodies, and decreased the inflammatory response, as compared to the P210 group with Freund's adjuvant. Our formulation represents an exciting technology to enhance the efficacy of the P210 vaccine.
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11
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Roy P, Ali AJ, Kobiyama K, Ghosheh Y, Ley K. Opportunities for an atherosclerosis vaccine: From mice to humans. Vaccine 2020; 38:4495-4506. [PMID: 31964554 PMCID: PMC7939143 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the major underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), is the number one killer globally. The disease pathogenesis involves a complex interplay between metabolic and immune components. Although lipid-lowering drugs such as statins curb the risks associated with CVD, significant residual inflammatory risk remains. Substantial evidence from experimental models and clinical studies has established the role of inflammation and immune effector mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Several stages of the disease are affected by host-mediated antigen-specific adaptive immune responses that play either protective or proatherogenic roles. Therefore, strategies to boost an anti-atherogenic humoral and T regulatory cell response are emerging as preventative or therapeutic strategies to lowering inflammatory residual risks. Vaccination holds promise as an efficient, durable and relatively inexpensive approach to induce protective adaptive immunity in atherosclerotic patients. In this review, we discuss the status and opportunities for a human atherosclerosis vaccine. We describe (1) some of the immunomodulatory therapeutic interventions tested in atherosclerosis (2) the immune targets identified in pre-clinical and clinical investigations (3) immunization strategies evaluated in animal models (4) past and ongoing clinical trials to examine the safety and efficacy of human atherosclerosis vaccines and (5) strategies to improve and optimize vaccination in humans (antigen selection, formulation, dose and delivery).
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Roy
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420, Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amal J Ali
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420, Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420, Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Vaccine Science, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yanal Ghosheh
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420, Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420, Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0412, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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12
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Yamamoto H, Kawamura M, Kochi I, Imai M, Murata Y, Suzuki T, Chen Y, Hashimoto K, Kihara S. Serum Anti-Apo B Antibody Level as Residual CVD Marker in DM Patients under Statin Treatment. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:931-943. [PMID: 30867375 PMCID: PMC6800396 DOI: 10.5551/jat.46797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM In the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, autoantibodies have two-facedness of progression and protection. Previous reports have indicated that low autoantibody levels against apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) could increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in healthy subjects. In this study, we investigated the relationship between circulating anti-apo B-100 autoantibodies and the clinical parameters in Japanese diabetic patients with or without CVD. METHODS We measured the serum levels of anti-apo B-100 autoantibodies against native and malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified p45 or p210 epitopes, as well as anti-apo E autoantibodies, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In patients with CVD, the circulating levels of IgG against native p45, MDA-modified p45, and MDA-modified p210 (IgGN-45, IgGMDA-45, and IgGMDA-210) were significantly lower than those in patients without CVD, whereas no difference was observed in anti-apo E autoantibody levels. In addition, IgMN-45, IgMMDA-45, and IgGMDA-45 were negatively correlated with LDL-C levels, whereas IgGN-45 and IgGN-210 were positively correlated with HbA1c levels. No correlation was observed between autoantibody levels and diabetic microangiopathy. In the statin-treated subgroup, IgGMDA-45 and IgGMDA-210 were significantly lower in patients with CVD than in those without CVD. CONCLUSION Measurement of serum anti-apo B-100 autoantibodies can be useful for the evaluation of CVD risk in patients with diabetes receiving statin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mari Kawamura
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ikoi Kochi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Minami Imai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yukie Murata
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshinobu Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes in NTT West Osaka Hospital
| | - Yingchao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes in NTT West Osaka Hospital
| | | | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li P. Cardiovascular risk factors in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:699-705. [PMID: 31199772 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cardiovascular disease is a major complication among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This prospective study aimed at examining the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in children with T1DM. Methods We evaluated several cardiovascular risk factors, including atherosclerosis, artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and metabolic responses, in 175 children with T1DM, with 150 non-diabetic children as normal controls. Results The diabetic children had significantly higher carotid IMT (cIMT) and aortic IMT (aIMT), higher values for diastolic wall stress (DWS), incremental elastic modulus (IEM), and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) than the controls. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL4), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and leptin were significantly higher in T1DM patients. In T1DM children, the cIMT and aIMT were correlated with several risk factors, including age, weight, body mass index (BMI), duration of diabetes, waist/hip ratio, as well as levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B (apoB). In addition to common risk factors, cIMT was also associated with systolic blood pressure (BP). Other risk factors, such as height, diastolic BP, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and S-creatinine levels, were not all independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease in T1DM children. Conclusions T1DM is associated with early impairment of the common carotid and aortic artery structure and function, and the diabetic state may be the main risk factor for arterial wall stiffening and thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200062, China, Phone/Fax: +86-021-62474880
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Gates KV, Xing Q, Griffiths LG. Immunoproteomic Identification of Noncarbohydrate Antigens Eliciting Graft-Specific Adaptive Immune Responses in Patients with Bovine Pericardial Bioprosthetic Heart Valves. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800129. [PMID: 30548925 PMCID: PMC6565515 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This case-control retrospective discovery study is to identify antigenic bovine pericardium (BP) proteins that stimulate graft-specific humoral immune response in patients implanted with glutaraldehyde fixed bovine pericardial (GFBP) heart valves. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Banked serum is collected from age- and sex-matched patients who received either a GFBP or mechanical heart valve replacement. Serum IgG is isolated and used to generate poly-polyclonal antibody affinity chromatography columns from each patient. Native and deglycosylated BP protein extracts are separately added to individual patient affinity chromatography columns, with unbound proteins washed through the column. Proteins captured in the affinity chromatography columns are submitted for proteomic identification. Differences between GFBP and mechanical heart valve replacement recipients are analyzed with Gaussian linearized modeling. RESULTS Carbohydrate antigens overwhelm protein capture in the column, requiring BP protein deglycosylation prior to affinity chromatography. Nineteen BP protein antigens, which stimulated graft-specific IgG production, are identified in patients who received GFBP valve replacements. Identified antigens are significantly over-represented for calcium-binding proteins. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Patients implanted with GFBP valves develop a graft-specific humoral immune response toward BP protein antigens, with 19 specific antigens identified in this work. The molecular functions of over-represented antigens, specifically calcium-binding proteins, may aid in understanding the underlying factors that contribute to structural valve deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine V. Gates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester MN 55905, USA
| | - Qi Xing
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester MN 55905, USA
| | - Leigh G. Griffiths
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester MN 55905, USA
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Koulouri V, Koutsilieris M, Mavragani CP. B cells and atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:417-429. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1571411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Koulouri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Clio P. Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Associations between circulating IgG antibodies to Apolipoprotein B 100-derived peptide antigens and acute coronary syndrome in a Chinese Han population. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180450. [PMID: 30242056 PMCID: PMC6239261 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the major cause of mortality worldwide and caused mainly by atherosclerosis of coronary arteries. Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) is a major component of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its oxidation can trigger inflammation in vascular endothelial cells leading to atherosclerosis. The association between antibodies to ApoB100-derived antigens and atherosclerotic diseases has been studied in recent years, but the findings appear to be controversial. The present study developed an ELISA in-house with ApoB100-derived peptide antigens to circulating anti-ApoB100 IgG antibodies in patients with ACS. Methods: Fifteen ApoB100-derived peptide antigens (Ag1–Ag15) were designed to develop an in-house ELISA for the detection of circulating anti-ApoB100 IgG levels in 350 patients with ACS and 201 control subjects amongst a Chinese population. Binary logistic regression was applied to examine the differences in anti-ApoB IgG levels between the patient group and the control group with adjustment for a number of confounding factors; the correlation between anti-ApoB100 IgG levels and clinical characteristics was also tested. Results: Patients with ACS had significantly higher levels of plasma IgG for Ag1 (adjusted P<0.001) and Ag10 antigens (adjusted P<0.001). There was no significant increase in the levels of IgG to the other 13 antigens in these ACS patients. In the control group, anti-Ag10 IgG levels were positively correlated with age, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and ApoA levels (P≤0.001 for all) and negatively correlated with blood triglyceride (TG) (P=0.008); in the patient group, anti-Ag10 IgG levels were positively correlated with LDL (P=0.003), and negatively correlated with ApoA (P=0.048) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P=0.036). The area under ROC (receiver operator characteristic) curve (AUC) was 0.612 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.560–0.664; P<0.001) in anti-Ag1 IgG assay and 0.621 (95% CI: 0.569–0.672; P<0.001) in anti-Ag10 IgG assay. Conclusion: Circulating IgG for ApoB100-derived peptide antigens may be a useful biomarker of ACS, although anti-ApoB IgG levels were not associated with the coronary artery plaque burden characterized by the coronary Gensini score.
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Gutiérrez-Vidal R, Delgado-Coello B, Méndez-Acevedo KM, Calixto-Tlacomulco S, Damián-Zamacona S, Mas-Oliva J. Therapeutic Intranasal Vaccine HB-ATV-8 Prevents Atherogenesis and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Pig Model of Atherosclerosis. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:456-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Ponnusamy T, Venkatachala SK, Ramanjappa M, Kakkar VV, Mundkur LA. Inverse association of ApoB and HSP60 antibodies with coronary artery disease in Indian population. HEART ASIA 2018; 10:e011018. [PMID: 30018661 DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2018-011018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Atherosclerosis is an autoimmune condition and the underlying cause of coronary artery disease (CAD). Circulating antibodies to self-antigens can have a pathogenic or protective function in atherosclerosis. The objective of the study was to understand the association of autoantibody levels with CAD and its correlation with circulating immune cells. Methods We assessed antigen concentration and antibodies to apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and heat shock protein (HSP)60 by ELISA in 252 acute coronary syndromes (ACS), 112 patients with stable angina (SA) and 203 healthy controls from Indian population. T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were enumerated by flow cytometry. Cytokine concentrations were measured by multiplex assay. Results IgG and IgM antibodies to ApoB and HSP60 proteins were significantly lower in patients with ACS while only IgG levels to ApoB were lower in patients with SA, compared with control. Subjects in the highest tertile of antibodies showed significantly lower OR for ACS (IgG 0.52, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.88, p=0.02 and IgM 0.58, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.98, p=0.04), ApoB100 (IgG 0.52, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.88, p=0.02 and IgM 0.58, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.99, p=0.04) and HSP60, respectively. Interestingly, T helper 17 (TH17) cells showed an inverse relationship with ApoB and HSP60 IgG antibodies (r2=-0.17, p<0.001 and r2=-0.20, p<0.001, respectively), while interleukin 17 concentrations were negatively correlated with IgM antibodies to the proteins. Conclusion This study shows that higher antibodies to ApoB and HSP60 proteins are less often associated with ACS and that these antibodies are inversely associated with inflammatory Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruvelselvan Ponnusamy
- Mary and Gary Western and Tata Molecular Immunology Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Vijay V Kakkar
- Mary and Gary Western and Tata Molecular Immunology Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | - Lakshmi A Mundkur
- Mary and Gary Western and Tata Molecular Immunology Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
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Shindi R, Almehairi A, Negm OH, Kalsheker N, Gale NS, Shale DJ, Harrison TW, Bolton CE, John M, Todd I, Tighe PJ, Fairclough LC. Autoantibodies of IgM and IgG classes show differences in recognition of multiple autoantigens in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:344-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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A role for autoantibodies in atherogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:1102-1112. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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21
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Rothstein TL. Natural Antibodies as Rheostats for Susceptibility to Chronic Diseases in the Aged. Front Immunol 2016; 7:127. [PMID: 27092140 PMCID: PMC4823301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies are spontaneously produced in the absence of infection or immunization, and are both anti-microbial and autoreactive. Autoreactive natural antibodies can bind noxious molecules, such as those involved in clinical situations of atherosclerosis (oxLDL), malignancy (NGcGM3), and neurodegeneration (amyloid, tau) and can affect the fate of their targets or the cells bearing them to maintain homeostasis. Clinically relevant natural antibodies have been shown to decline with advancing age in those few situations where measurements have been made. Consistent with this, human B-1 cells that are thought to be responsible for generating natural antibodies also decline with advancing age. These findings together suggest that an age-related decline in amount or efficacy of homeostatic natural antibodies is associated with relative loss of protection against molecules involved in several diseases whose incidence rises in the older age population, and that those individuals experiencing greatest loss are at greatest risk. In this view, natural antibodies act as rheostats for susceptibility to several age-related diseases. These considerations suggest that administration of natural antibodies, or of factors that maintain B-1 cells and/or enhance production of natural antibodies by B-1 cells, may serve to counteract the onset or progression of age-related chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Rothstein
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset, NY , USA
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22
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Björkbacka H, Alm R, Persson M, Hedblad B, Nilsson J, Fredrikson GN. Low Levels of Apolipoprotein B-100 Autoantibodies Are Associated With Increased Risk of Coronary Events. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:765-71. [PMID: 26916732 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous smaller studies have indicated inverse associations between autoantibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein epitopes, and cardiovascular disease. The present study investigated associations between autoantibodies against the apolipoprotein B-100 peptides p45 and p210, respectively, and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in a large population-based cohort. APPROACH AND RESULTS Apolipoprotein B-100 autoantibodies were analyzed by ELISA in a prospective study, including 5393 individuals (aged 46-68 years) belonging to the cardiovascular arm of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study with a follow-up time of >15 years. Subjects that suffered an acute coronary event during follow-up (n=382) had lower levels at baseline of IgM autoantibodies recognizing the native and malondialdehyde-modified apolipoprotein B-100 peptides p45 and p210 and also lower IgG levels recognizing native p210, whereas no association was found with risk for stroke (n=317). Subjects in the highest compared with lowest tertile of IgM-p45MDA (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.72 [0.55, 0.94]; P=0.017) and IgG-p210native (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.73 [0.56, 0.97]; P=0.029) had lower risk for incident coronary events after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors in Cox proportional hazard regression models. Moreover, subjects with high levels of IgG-p210native were less likely to have carotid plaques as assessed by ultrasonography at baseline (odds ratio=0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.70-0.95, P=0.008 after adjustment for risk factors). CONCLUSIONS This large prospective study demonstrates that subjects with high levels of apolipoprotein B-100 autoantibodies have a lower risk of coronary events supporting a protective role of these autoantibodies in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Björkbacka
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Alm
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bo Hedblad
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Nordin Fredrikson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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23
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Asciutto G, Dias NV, Edsfeldt A, Alm R, Fredrikson GN, Gonçalves I, Nilsson J. Low levels of IgG autoantibodies against the apolipoprotein B antigen p210 increases the risk of cardiovascular death after carotid endarterectomy. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:289-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Fagerberg B, Prahl Gullberg U, Alm R, Nilsson J, Fredrikson GN. Circulating autoantibodies against the apolipoprotein B-100 peptides p45 and p210 in relation to the occurrence of carotid plaques in 64-year-old women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120744. [PMID: 25768285 PMCID: PMC4358991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Immune responses against oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) play a key role in atherosclerosis. Previous studies have indicated inverse associations between autoantibodies to epitopes in oxidized LDL and cardiovascular disease. In this study we investigated the associations between autoantibodies against the apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) peptides p45 and p210 and occurrence of carotid plaques. Design The study cohort consisted of a population-based sample of 64-year-old women with varying degrees of glucose tolerance (n=594). To identify and record the occurrence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques ultrasonography was used. Measurements of plasma IgM and IgG autoantibodies against the native and malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified apoB-100 peptides p45 and p210 were performed by ELISA. Results Women with carotid plaques were found to have lower levels of IgM MDA-p210 autoantibodies compared to plaque-free women. The number of carotid plaques in each subject and the total carotid plaque area correlated inversely with IgM MDA-p210 levels (r=-0.11, P=0.009 and r=-0.11, P=0.013, respectively). Furthermore, levels of IgM MDA-p210 above the lowest tertile were associated with an odds ratio of 0.55 (95% CI 0.38-0.79, P=0.001) for occurrence of carotid plaques, independently of other risk markers and statin treatment. Associations between apo-B100 peptide autoantibodies and cardiovascular risk factors were generally weak but subjects with impaired glucose tolerance had higher levels of IgM against MDA-p210. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that high levels of IgM against MDA-p210 are associated with less severe carotid disease in women. These findings provide additional support for a role of immune responses against oxidized LDL in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Fagerberg
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Prahl Gullberg
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Alm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Nordin Fredrikson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Ammirati E, Moroni F, Magnoni M, Camici PG. The role of T and B cells in human atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:173-87. [PMID: 25352024 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Far from being merely a passive cholesterol accumulation within the arterial wall, the development of atherosclerosis is currently known to imply both inflammation and immune effector mechanisms. Adaptive immunity has been implicated in the process of disease initiation and progression interwined with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Although the body of knowledge regarding the correlation between atherosclerosis and immunity in humans is growing rapidly, a relevant proportion of it derives from studies carried out in animal models of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, while the mouse is a well-suited model, the results obtained therein are not fully transferrable to the human setting due to intrinsic genomic and environmental differences. In the present review, we will discuss mainly human findings, obtained either by examination of post-mortem and surgical atherosclerotic material or through the analysis of the immunological profile of peripheral blood cells. In particular, we will discuss the findings supporting a pro-atherogenic role of T cell subsets, such as effector memory T cells or the potential protective function of regulatory T cells. Recent studies suggest that traditional T cell-driven B2 cell responses appear to be atherogenic, while innate B1 cells appear to exert a protective action through the secretion of naturally occurring antibodies. The insights into the immune pathogenesis of atherosclerosis can provide new targets in the quest for novel therapeutic targets to abate CVD morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ammirati
- Cardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, AO Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
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26
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Silveira A, McLeod O, Strawbridge RJ, Gertow K, Sennblad B, Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Deleskog A, Persson J, Leander K, Gigante B, Kauhanen J, Rauramaa R, Smit AJ, Mannarino E, Giral P, Gustafsson S, Söderberg S, Öhrvik J, Humphries SE, Tremoli E, de Faire U, Hamsten A. Plasma IL-5 concentration and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 239:125-30. [PMID: 25587992 PMCID: PMC4340644 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Genetic variants robustly associated with coronary artery disease were reported in the vicinity of the interleukin (IL)-5 locus, and animal studies suggested a protective role for IL-5 in atherosclerosis. Therefore, we set this work to explore IL-5 as a plasma biomarker for early subclinical atherosclerosis, as determined by measures of baseline severity and change over time of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Methods We used biobank and databases of IMPROVE, a large European prospective cohort study of high-risk individuals (n = 3534) free of clinically overt cardiovascular disease at enrollment, in whom composite and segment-specific measures of cIMT were recorded at baseline and after 15 and 30 months. IL-5 was measured with an immunoassay in plasma samples taken at baseline. Results IL-5 levels were lower in women than in men, lower in the South than in North of Europe, and showed positive correlations with most established risk factors. IL-5 showed significant inverse relationships with cIMT change over time in the common carotid segment in women, but no significant relationships to baseline cIMT in either men or women. Conclusions Our results suggest that IL-5 may be part of protective mechanisms operating in early atherosclerosis, at least in women. However, the relationships are weak and whereas IL-5 has been proposed as a potential molecular target to treat allergies, it is difficult to envisage such a scenario in coronary artery disease. Genetic and animal studies suggested a protective role for IL-5 in atherosclerosis. We studied plasma IL-5 relationships to baseline and change over time in carotid IMT. Significant relationships of IL-5 and cIMT were time, segment and gender specific. High plasma IL-5 was related to slow progression of IMT in common carotid in women. In general, IL-5 does not seem useful as biomarker for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Silveira
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Olga McLeod
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Gertow
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Deleskog
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Foundation for Research in Health, Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andries J Smit
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elmo Mannarino
- Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Philippe Giral
- Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Service Endocrinologie-Metabolisme, Groupe Hôpitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Unités de Prévention Cardiovasculaire, Paris, France
| | - Sven Gustafsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Division of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umeå, Sweden
| | - John Öhrvik
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a silent chronic vascular pathology that is the cause of the majority of cardiovascular ischaemic events. The evolution of vascular disease involves a combination of endothelial dysfunction, extensive lipid deposition in the intima, exacerbated innate and adaptive immune responses, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and remodelling of the extracellular matrix, resulting in the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. High-risk plaques have a large acellular lipid-rich necrotic core with an overlying thin fibrous cap infiltrated by inflammatory cells and diffuse calcification. The formation of new fragile and leaky vessels that invade the expanding intima contributes to enlarge the necrotic core increasing the vulnerability of the plaque. In addition, biomechanical, haemodynamic and physical factors contribute to plaque destabilization. Upon erosion or rupture, these high-risk lipid-rich vulnerable plaques expose vascular structures or necrotic core components to the circulation, which causes the activation of tissue factor and the subsequent formation of a fibrin monolayer (coagulation cascade) and, concomitantly, the recruitment of circulating platelets and inflammatory cells. The interaction between exposed atherosclerotic plaque components, platelet receptors and coagulation factors eventually leads to platelet activation, aggregation and the subsequent formation of a superimposed thrombus (i.e. atherothrombosis) which may compromise the arterial lumen leading to the presentation of acute ischaemic syndromes. In this review, we will describe the progression of the atherosclerotic lesion along with the main morphological characteristics that predispose to plaque rupture, and discuss the multifaceted mechanisms that drive platelet activation and subsequent thrombus formation. Finally, we will consider the current scientific challenges and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Gigante B, Leander K, Vikström M, Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Strawbridge RJ, McLeod O, Gertow K, Sennblad B, Shah S, Zabaneh D, Humphries SE, Kauhanen J, Rauramaa R, Smit AJ, Mannarino E, Giral P, Tremoli E, Hamsten A, Frostegård J, de Faire U. Low levels of IgM antibodies against phosphorylcholine are associated with fast carotid intima media thickness progression and cardiovascular risk in men. Atherosclerosis 2014; 236:394-9. [PMID: 25150937 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low levels of IgM anti-phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) increase the risk of cardiovascular events (CVE). Here we investigate the association of low anti-PC with the progression of carotid intima media thickness (C-IMT) and incidence of CVE in a large cohort of individuals at high risk of CVE, the IMPROVE, a prospective multicenter European study. METHODS 3711 subjects (54-79 years) with at least three established cardiovascular risk factors were enrolled. Baseline serum levels of IgM anti-PC were measured by ELISA. Carotid ultrasound investigations were performed at baseline and after 15 and 30 months of follow-up. The risk of C-IMT progression and ischemic CVE associated with low anti-PC levels was tested by logistic regression and Cox regression analysis, respectively. Risk estimates were adjusted by center and conventional cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS 3670 study participants were included in the present analysis and 213 CVE were recorded during a 3 year follow up. Anti-PC levels (U/ml) were classified into quartiles [Q1≤ 40, Q2 >40-≤64, Q3 >64-≤102, Q4 >102]. In men, low levels of anti-PC (Q1) were associated with the highest (>90th) percentile of the fastest C-IMT progression, i.e. the segment showing the fastest progression over 30 months in the whole carotid tree, with an OR of 1.41 (95%CI, 1.02-1.9) and with an increased risk of CVE with a multivariable adjusted HR of 1.85 (95%CI, 1.1-3.1). No significant associations were found in women. CONCLUSIONS Low anti-PC levels increase the risk of CVE in men. This effect may be partly mediated by a fast C-IMT progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Gigante
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karin Leander
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Vikström
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Veglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan Italy
| | | | - Olga McLeod
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Sweden
| | - Karl Gertow
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Sweden
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Shah
- University College London Genetics Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Delilah Zabaneh
- University College London Genetics Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Foundation for Research in Health, Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andries J Smit
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elmo Mannarino
- Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Philippe Giral
- Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Service Endocrinologie-Metabolisme, Groupe Hôpitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Unités de Prévention Cardiovasculaire, Paris, France
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Frostegård
- Unity of Immunology and Chronic disease, IMM, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Acute Internal Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Stockholm, Sweden; Dept of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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