1
|
Zhu J, Xie Z, Huang H, Li W, Zhuo K, Bai Z, Huang R. Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue With Left Ventricular Strain and MR Myocardial Perfusion in Patients With Known Coronary Artery Disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:1490-1498. [PMID: 36794488 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may have a paracrine effect on coronary microcirculation and myocardium. However, it is unclear whether EAT is linked to cardiac function and perfusion. PURPOSE To investigate the association of EAT with left ventricular (LV) strain and myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION A total of 78 patients with CAD and 20 healthy controls. The patients were further divided into high (n = 39) and low EAT volume (n = 39) groups according to median EAT volume. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 1.5 T, balanced steady-state free precession, inversion recovery prepared echo-planar, and segmented-turbo fast low-angle shot (FLASH) phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) sequences. ASSESSMENT EAT volume was measured by manually tracing the epicardial border and the visceral layer of pericardium on the short-axis cine stacks. LV strain parameters included global radial (GRS), circumferential (GCS), and longitudinal peak strain (GLS). Perfusion indices included upslope, perfusion index, time-to-maximum signal intensity (TTM), and maximum signal intensity (MaxSI). STATISTICAL TESTS One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis rank tests, Chi-squared or Fisher exact tests. Multivariate linear regression analyses. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The parameters of GRS GCS, GLS, upslope, perfusion index, and MaxSI were significantly lower in the patients when compared to the controls. Moreover, the high EAT volume group presented significantly longer TTM values and lower GRS, GCS, GLS, upslope, perfusion index, and MaxSI than the low EAT volume group. Multivariate linear regression analyses demonstrated that EAT was independently associated with GRS, GCS, GLS, upslope, perfusion index, TTM, and MaxSI in patients. EAT and upslope were independently associated with GRS, while EAT and perfusion index were both independently associated with GCS and GLS. DATA CONCLUSION EAT was associated with parameters of LV function and perfusion, and myocardial perfusion was independently associated with LV strain in patients with CAD. EVIDENCE LEVEL 3. TECHNICAL EFFICACY Stage 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaimin Zhuo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicheng Bai
- Department of Radiology, Xindu District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruijue Huang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Quarta S, Santarpino G, Carluccio MA, Calabriso N, Maffia M, Siculella L, Damiano F, Madonna R, Massaro M. Exploring the significance of epicardial adipose tissue in aortic valve stenosis and left ventricular remodeling: Unveiling novel therapeutic and prognostic markers of disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 152:107210. [PMID: 37611727 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is a dynamic degenerative process that shares many pathophysiological features with atherogenesis, from initial proinflammatory calcification and focal thickening of the valve leaflets to obstruction of left ventricular outflow due to superimposed of severe calcification and immobilization of the valve leaflets. As the prevalence increases with age, AS is expected to become one of the most common heart diseases worldwide. In both obese and nonobese patients, persistent thickening of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with a shift in its normal metabolic functions toward a dysmetabolic and proatherogenic phenotype that may impair the physiology of adjacent coronary arteries and promote the occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis. In tight analogy with atherosclerosis, recent clinical evidence indicates that EAT may also exert a deleterious role in promoting AS and contributing to myocardial dysfunction, leading to increased health risk for elderly patients with AS and an economic burden on the health care system. This review discusses the clinical and pathologic evidence for the association between EAT and AS and concomitant left ventricular hypertrophy, and provides new insights for the future direction of AS diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Quarta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Santarpino
- Cardiovascular Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany; GVM Care & Research, Città di Lecce Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | | | - Nadia Calabriso
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Luisa Siculella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Damiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Cardiology Division, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa, Edificio 10, primo piano, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marika Massaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wen W, Gao M, Yun M, Meng J, Zhu Z, Yu W, Hacker M, Yu Y, Zhang X, Li X. Associations between coronary/aortic 18F-sodium fluoride uptake and pro-atherosclerosis factors in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:3352-3365. [PMID: 35415825 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-02958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18F-NaF PET/CT is a novel approach to detect and quantify microcalcification in atherosclerosis. We aimed to explore the underlying systematic vascular osteogenesis in the coronary artery and aorta in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Patients with multivessel CAD prospectively underwent 18F-NaF PET/CT. The coronary microcalcification activity (CMA) and aortic microcalcification activity (AMA) were calculated based on both the volume and intensity of 18F-NaF PET activity. Peri-coronary adipose tissue (PCAT) density was measured in adipose tissue surrounding the coronary arteries and the 18F-NaF tissue-to-blood ratio (TBR) was measured in the coronary arteries. RESULTS 100 patients with multivessel CAD were prospectively recruited. The CMA was significantly associated with the AMA (r = 0.70; P < .001). After multivariable adjustment, the CMA was associated with the AMA (Beta = 0.445 per SD increase; P < .001). The coronary TBR was also significantly associated with the PCAT density (r = 0.56; P < .001). The PCAT density was independently associated with the coronary TBR after adjusting confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Coronary 18F-NaF uptake was significantly associated with the PCAT density. There was a significant relationship between the coronary and the aortic 18F-NaF uptake. It might indicate an underlying systematic vascular osteogenesis in patients with multivessel CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxin Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingkai Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu J, Zhou W, Xie Z, Li W, Zhuo K. Impact of Sex and Menopausal Status on the Association Between Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Diastolic Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Acad Radiol 2022; 30:823-832. [PMID: 36114077 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of sex and menopausal status on the association between the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 542 consecutive patients with T2DM were retrospectively included in this study. All patients underwent cardiac computed tomographic as well as echocardiography. To assess the independent association of EAT and diastolic function parameters, we performed a multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS The median EAT volume was 113.11 cm3 (interquartile range (IQR): 88.38, 148.03), and EAT volume was higher in men than in women (p < 0.05). We also discovered that EAT volume was significantly associated with diastolic function in both sexes after adjusting for risk factors (p < 0.05). Concerning menopausal status, EAT volume was higher in postmenopausal women than premenopausal women and was independently associated with the diastolic function only in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION In patients with T2DM, EAT is independently associated with diastolic function in the male population and a portion of the female population. In contrast to premenopausal women, EAT volume is only significantly correlated with diastolic function in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaimin Zhuo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Interplay between Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4, Fetuin-A, Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Thyroid Function in Metabolic Dysregulation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040300. [PMID: 35448487 PMCID: PMC9026429 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling between the tissues integrating synthesis, transformation and utilization of energy substrates and their regulatory hormonal axes play a substantial role in the development of metabolic disorders. Interactions between cytokines, particularly liver derived hepatokines and adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue, constitute one of major areas of current research devoted to metabolic dysregulation. The thyroid exerts crucial influence on the maintenance of basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, while its dysfunction promotes the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the interplay between three adipokines: fatty acid binding protein type 4, fetuin-A, retinol binding protein type 4 and thyroid hormones, that shed a new light onto mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis, cardiovascular complications, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes accompanying thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, we summarize clinical findings on those cytokines in the course of thyroid disorders.
Collapse
|
6
|
Conte M, Petraglia L, Poggio P, Valerio V, Cabaro S, Campana P, Comentale G, Attena E, Russo V, Pilato E, Formisano P, Leosco D, Parisi V. Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly: The Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:844266. [PMID: 35242789 PMCID: PMC8887867 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.844266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human aging is a complex phenomenon characterized by a wide spectrum of biological changes which impact on behavioral and social aspects. Age-related changes are accompanied by a decline in biological function and increased vulnerability leading to frailty, thereby advanced age is identified among the major risk factors of the main chronic human diseases. Aging is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, also referred as inflammaging. It recognizes a multifactorial pathogenesis with a prominent role of the innate immune system activation, resulting in tissue degeneration and contributing to adverse outcomes. It is widely recognized that inflammation plays a central role in the development and progression of numerous chronic and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, low-grade inflammation, through an increased risk of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, promote cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Low-grade inflammation is also promoted by visceral adiposity, whose accumulation is paralleled by an increased inflammatory status. Aging is associated to increase in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), the visceral fat depot of the heart. Structural and functional changes in EAT have been shown to be associated with several heart diseases, including coronary artery disease, aortic stenosis, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. EAT increase is associated with a greater production and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and neuro-hormones, so that thickened EAT can pathologically influence, in a paracrine and vasocrine manner, the structure and function of the heart and is associated to a worse cardiovascular outcome. In this review, we will discuss the evidence underlying the interplay between inflammaging, EAT accumulation and cardiovascular diseases. We will examine and discuss the importance of EAT quantification, its characteristics and changes with age and its clinical implication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Conte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Casa di Cura San Michele, Maddaloni, Italy
| | - Laura Petraglia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Campana
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Comentale
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilio Attena
- Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Campania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pilato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Leosco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fragão-Marques M, Vitorino R, Barroso I, Falcão-Pires I, Leite-Moreira A, Trindade F. Pericardial Fluid Annexin A1 Is a Marker of Atrial Fibrillation in Aortic Stenosis: A Proteomics Analysis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020264. [PMID: 35207752 PMCID: PMC8880366 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia with adverse clinical outcomes. Pericardial fluid (PF) mirrors the heart’s pathophysiological status due to its proximity. This study aimed to characterise the PF proteome to identify new biomarkers of disease. Eighty-three patients submitted to aortic valve replacement surgery with severe aortic stenosis were selected, and their baseline echocardiographic and clinical variables were documented. Thirteen samples were selected blindly for proteome characterisation following a shotgun (GeLC–MS/MS) and a label-free quantification approach (LFQ). According to previous AF history, a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was conducted, and the top 15 variables important in projection were identified. To inquire potential biomarkers, ROC curves were designed using LFQ data. Target proteins were further validated by ELISA, in both pericardial fluid and serum. Proteome analysis uncovered nine proteins up- and downregulated ≥2-fold. Annexin A1, annexin A2, and vimentin were among the top 15 most important variables for group discrimination in PLS-DA. Protein—protein interaction and gene ontology enrichment analysis presented functional interaction among identified proteins, which were all part of focal adhesion sites. Annexin A1 was increased in the pericardial fluid of AF patients but not in serum when quantified by ELISA. Annexin A1 is a novel pericardial fluid biomarker of AF in patients with severe aortic stenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fragão-Marques
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.V.); (I.F.-P.); (A.L.-M.); (F.T.)
- Department of Clinical of Clinical Pathology, São João University Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-9261-60453
| | - Rui Vitorino
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.V.); (I.F.-P.); (A.L.-M.); (F.T.)
- iBiMED–Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isaac Barroso
- Department of Clinical of Clinical Pathology, São João University Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.V.); (I.F.-P.); (A.L.-M.); (F.T.)
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.V.); (I.F.-P.); (A.L.-M.); (F.T.)
| | - Fábio Trindade
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.V.); (I.F.-P.); (A.L.-M.); (F.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ciumărnean L, Milaciu MV, Negrean V, Orășan OH, Vesa SC, Sălăgean O, Iluţ S, Vlaicu SI. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Physical Activity for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:207. [PMID: 35010467 PMCID: PMC8751147 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases create an important burden on the public health systems, especially in the elderly, mostly because this group of patients frequently suffer from multiple comorbidities. Accumulating cardiovascular risk factors during their lifetime has a detrimental effect on an older adult's health status. The modifiable and non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are very diverse, and are frequently in a close relationship with the metabolic comorbidities of the elderly, mainly obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. In this review, we aim to present the most important cardiovascular risk factors which link aging and cardiovascular diseases, starting from the pathophysiological links between these factors and the aging process. Next, we will further review the main interconnections between obesity and Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular diseases of the elderly. Lastly, we consider the most important aspects related to prevention through lifestyle changes and physical activity on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ciumărnean
- Department 5 Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.C.); (M.V.M.); (V.N.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Mircea Vasile Milaciu
- Department 5 Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.C.); (M.V.M.); (V.N.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Vasile Negrean
- Department 5 Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.C.); (M.V.M.); (V.N.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Olga Hilda Orășan
- Department 5 Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.C.); (M.V.M.); (V.N.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Stefan Cristian Vesa
- Department 2 Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Octavia Sălăgean
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ‘Octavian Fodor’ Cluj-Napoca, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Silvina Iluţ
- Department 10 Neurosciences, Discipline of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sonia Irina Vlaicu
- Department 5 Internal Medicine, 1st Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Artificial intelligence based automatic quantification of epicardial adipose tissue suitable for large scale population studies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23905. [PMID: 34903773 PMCID: PMC8669008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a fully automatic model capable of reliably quantifying epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volumes and attenuation in large scale population studies to investigate their relation to markers of cardiometabolic risk. Non-contrast cardiac CT images from the SCAPIS study were used to train and test a convolutional neural network based model to quantify EAT by: segmenting the pericardium, suppressing noise-induced artifacts in the heart chambers, and, if image sets were incomplete, imputing missing EAT volumes. The model achieved a mean Dice coefficient of 0.90 when tested against expert manual segmentations on 25 image sets. Tested on 1400 image sets, the model successfully segmented 99.4% of the cases. Automatic imputation of missing EAT volumes had an error of less than 3.1% with up to 20% of the slices in image sets missing. The most important predictors of EAT volumes were weight and waist, while EAT attenuation was predicted mainly by EAT volume. A model with excellent performance, capable of fully automatic handling of the most common challenges in large scale EAT quantification has been developed. In studies of the importance of EAT in disease development, the strong co-variation with anthropometric measures needs to be carefully considered.
Collapse
|
10
|
Proteomic Studies of Blood and Vascular Wall in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413267. [PMID: 34948066 PMCID: PMC8707794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to the analysis of literature data related to the role of proteomic studies in the study of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Diagnosis of patients with atherosclerotic plaques before clinical manifestations is an arduous task. The review presents the results of research on the new proteomic potential biomarkers of coronary heart disease, coronary atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, carotid artery atherosclerosis. Also, the analysis of literature data on proteomic studies of the vascular wall was carried out. To assess the involvement of proteins in the pathological process of atherosclerosis, it is important to investigate the specific relationships between proteins in the arteries, expression and concentration of proteins. The development of proteomic technologies has made it possible to analyse the number of proteins associated with the development of the disease. Analysis of the proteomic profile of the vascular wall in atherosclerosis can help to detect possible diagnostically significant protein structures or potential biomarkers of the disease and develop novel approaches to the diagnosis of atherosclerosis and its complications.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng J, Huang M, Huang Q, Chen Q, Chen Z. The relationship between fetuin-A and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) and CHD-related risk factors: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27481. [PMID: 34713826 PMCID: PMC8556024 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetuin-A plays an important role in antivascular calcification and inflammatory response, it is necessary to explore the relationship between fetuin-A and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) and CHD-related risk factors.A total of 92 patients with CHD as the research group, and 60 healthy persons as the control group were enrolled from May 2019 to May 2020. Fetuin-A levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the characteristics and clinical data were collected and compared. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing CHD.The age, proportion of males, patients with hypertension and diabetes, as well as fetuin-A level in the research group were significantly higher than those in the control group, but the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis and correction showed that gender, age, blood pressure, and diabetes were related to the onset of CHD, and there was a significant correlation between the level of fetuin-A and age (P < .05).Serum fetuin-A was related to the onset risk of CHD, and showed a significant correlation with age.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hao S, Sui X, Wang J, Zhang J, Pei Y, Guo L, Liang Z. Secretory products from epicardial adipose tissue induce adverse myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction by promoting reactive oxygen species accumulation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:848. [PMID: 34518516 PMCID: PMC8438091 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adverse myocardial remodeling, manifesting pathologically as myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, often follows myocardial infarction (MI) and results in cardiac dysfunction. In this study, an obvious epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) was observed in the rat model of MI and the EAT weights were positively correlated with cardiomyocyte size and myocardial fibrosis areas in the MI 2- and 4-week groups. Then, rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9C2 and primary rat cardiac fibroblasts were cultured in conditioned media generated from EAT of rats in the MI 4-week group (EAT-CM). Functionally, EAT-CM enlarged the cell surface area of H9C2 cells and reinforced cardiac fibroblast activation into myofibroblasts by elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mechanistically, miR-134-5p was upregulated by EAT-CM in both H9C2 cells and primary rat cardiac fibroblasts. miR-134-5p knockdown promoted histone H3K14 acetylation of manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase by upregulating lysine acetyltransferase 7 expression, thereby decreasing ROS level. An in vivo study showed that miR-134-5p knockdown limited adverse myocardial remodeling in the rat model of MI, manifesting as alleviation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. In general, our study clarified a new pathological mechanism involving an EAT/miRNA axis that explains the adverse myocardial remodeling occurring after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xin Sui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingchao Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Pei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Longhui Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Esposito A, Francone M, Andreini D, Buffa V, Cademartiri F, Carbone I, Clemente A, Guaricci AI, Guglielmo M, Indolfi C, La Grutta L, Ligabue G, Liguori C, Mercuro G, Mushtaq S, Neglia D, Palmisano A, Sciagrà R, Seitun S, Vignale D, Pontone G, Carrabba N. SIRM-SIC appropriateness criteria for the use of Cardiac Computed Tomography. Part 1: Congenital heart diseases, primary prevention, risk assessment before surgery, suspected CAD in symptomatic patients, plaque and epicardial adipose tissue characterization, and functional assessment of stenosis. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2021; 126:1236-1248. [PMID: 34160775 PMCID: PMC8370938 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-021-01378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) has become a pivotal technique for the noninvasive diagnostic work-up of coronary and cardiac diseases. Continuous technical and methodological improvements, combined with fast growing scientific evidence, have progressively expanded the clinical role of CCT. Recent large multicenter randomized clinical trials documented the high prognostic value of CCT and its capability to increase the cost-effectiveness of the management of patients with suspected CAD. In the meantime, CCT, initially perceived as a simple non-invasive technique for studying coronary anatomy, has transformed into a multiparametric "one-stop-shop" approach able to investigate the heart in a comprehensive way, including functional, structural and pathophysiological biomarkers. In this complex and revolutionary scenario, it is urgently needed to provide an updated guide for the appropriate use of CCT in different clinical settings. This manuscript, endorsed by the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM) and by the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC), represents the first of two consensus documents collecting the expert opinion of Radiologists and Cardiologists about current appropriate use of CCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Esposito
- Clinical and Experimental Radiology Unit, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Francone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vitaliano Buffa
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Iacopo Carbone
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- Cardiothoracic Department, University Cardiology Unit, Policlinic University Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Indolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ludovico La Grutta
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties-ProMISE, University of Palermo, AOUP P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guido Ligabue
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Modena and Reggio Emilia University, Modena, Italy
- Radiology Department, AOU of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Liguori
- Radiology Unit, Ospedale del Mare- A.S.LNa1-Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercuro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Neglia
- Cardiovascular Department, CNR (National Council of Research)/Tuscany Region 'Gabriele Monasterio' Foundation (FTGM), Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Palmisano
- Clinical and Experimental Radiology Unit, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sciagrà
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Seitun
- Radiology Department, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS Per L'Oncologia E Le Neuroscienze, Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Vignale
- Clinical and Experimental Radiology Unit, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nazario Carrabba
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xie Z, Zhu J, Li W, Liu L, Zhuo K, Yang R, Hu F. Relationship of epicardial fat volume with coronary plaque characteristics, coronary artery calcification score, coronary stenosis, and CT-FFR for lesion-specific ischemia in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2021; 332:8-14. [PMID: 33775790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the association of epicardial fat volume (EFV) with coronary plaque characteristics, coronary artery calcification (CAC) score, coronary stenosis, lesion-specific ischemia in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS 88 controls and 221 patients were analyzed in the study. High-risk plaque was defined as existing≥2 features, including positive remodeling, low attenuation, napkin-ring sign and spotty calcification. EFV, CAC score was measured. The severity of coronary stenosis was quantified using Gensini score. CT-FFR was performed in three major coronary arteries, with a threshold of ≤0.8 considered the presence of ischemia. Univariate and multivariate regression was used to evaluate the association of EFV with CAD, palque characteristics, CAC score, Gensini score, and lesion-specific ischemia derived from CT-FFR. RESULTS Median EFV was 104.97 cm3 (85.47-136.09) in controls and 129.28cm3 (101.19-159.44) in patients (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association of EFV with CAD even after adjusting for confounding factors (P < 0.05). At linear regression analysis, EFV was significantly correlated with high-risk plaque and lesion-specific ischemia, but not with non-calcified plaque, mixed plaque, calcified plaque, CAC score and Gensini score (P ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION We found that EFV was associated with CAD, suggesting that it may be a promising marker of CAD. EFV was also correlated with high-risk plaque and lesion-specific ischemia, indicating that EAT was likely to be involved in myocardial ischemia and had the potential to definite patients' risk profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luzhou Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaimin Zhuo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fubi Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a metabolic burden promoting atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1775-1799. [PMID: 32677680 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the fastest growing chronic liver disease, with a prevalence of up to 25% worldwide. Individuals with NAFLD have a high risk of disease progression to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver failure. With the exception of intrahepatic burden, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and especially atherosclerosis (AS) are common complications of NAFLD. Furthermore, CVD is a major cause of death in NAFLD patients. Additionally, AS is a metabolic disorder highly associated with NAFLD, and individual NAFLD pathologies can greatly increase the risk of AS. It is increasingly clear that AS-associated endothelial cell damage, inflammatory cell activation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation are extensively impacted by NAFLD-induced systematic dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, the production of hepatokines, and coagulations. In clinical trials, drug candidates for NAFLD management have displayed promising effects for the treatment of AS. In this review, we summarize the key molecular events and cellular factors contributing to the metabolic burden induced by NAFLD on AS, and discuss therapeutic strategies for the improvement of AS in individuals with NAFLD.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim JS, Kim SW, Lee JS, Lee SK, Abbott R, Lee KY, Lim HE, Sung KC, Cho GY, Koh KK, Kim SH, Shin C, Kim SH. Association of pericardial adipose tissue with left ventricular structure and function: a region-specific effect? Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:26. [PMID: 33494780 PMCID: PMC7836147 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The independent role of pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) as an ectopic fat associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether PAT is associated with left ventricular (LV) structure and function independent of other markers of general obesity. METHODS We studied 2471 participants (50.9 % women) without known CVD from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study, who underwent 2D-echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and computed tomography measurement for PAT. RESULTS Study participants with more PAT were more likely to be men and had higher cardiometabolic indices, including blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol levels (all P < 0.001). Greater pericardial fat levels across quartiles of PAT were associated with increased LV mass index and left atrial volume index (all P < 0.001) and decreased systolic (P = 0.015) and early diastolic (P < 0.001) TDI velocities, except for LV ejection fraction. These associations remained after a multivariable-adjusted model for traditional CV risk factors and persisted even after additional adjustment for general adiposity measures, such as waist circumference and body mass index. PAT was also the only obesity index independently associated with systolic TDI velocity (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PAT was associated with subclinical LV structural and functional deterioration, and these associations were independent of and stronger than with general and abdominal obesity measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Seon Won Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Robert Abbott
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Ki Yeol Lee
- Division of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hong Euy Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goo-Yeong Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kwang Kon Koh
- Division of Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chol Shin
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea.
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qian Y, Li L, Sun Z, Liu J, Yuan W, Wang Z. A multi-omics view of the complex mechanism of vascular calcification. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111192. [PMID: 33401220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a high incidence and high risk disease with increasing morbidity and high mortality, which is considered the consequence of smooth muscle cell transdifferentiation initiating the mechanism of accumulation of hydroxyl calcium phosphate. Vascular calcification is also thought to be strongly associated with poor outcomes in diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Numerous studies have been accomplished; however, the specific mechanism of the disease remains unclear. Development of the genome project enhanced the understanding of life science and has entered the post-genomic era resulting in a variety of omics techniques used in studies and a large amount of available data; thus, a new perspective on data analysis has been revealed. Omics has a broader perspective and is thus advantageous over a single pathway analysis in the study of complex vascular calcification mechanisms. This paper reviews in detail various omics studies including genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and multiple group studies on vascular calcification. Advances and deficiencies in the use of omics to study vascular calcification are presented in a comprehensive view. We also review the methodology of the omics studies and omics data analysis and processing. In addition, the methodology and data processing presented here can be applied to other areas. An omics landscape perspective across the boundaries between genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics is used to examine the mechanisms of vascular calcification. The perspective combined with various technologies also provides a direction for the subsequent exploration of clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Icer MA, Yıldıran H. Effects of fetuin-A with diverse functions and multiple mechanisms on human health. Clin Biochem 2020; 88:1-10. [PMID: 33245873 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fetuin-A (Alfa 2-Heremans-Schmid) is a glycoprotein that is mainly synthesized by hepatocytes and then released into the bloodstream. While fetuin-A, a multifunctional protein, has inhibitory effects on health in the processes of calcification, mineralization, coronary artery calcification (CAC), and kidney stone formation by various mechanisms, it has such stimulatory effects as obesity, diabetes, and tumor progression processes. Fetuin-A produces these effects on the organism mainly by playing a role in the secretion levels of some inflammatory cytokines and exosomes, preventing unwanted calcification, inhibiting the autophosphorylation of tyrosine kinase, suppressing the release of adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), activating the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), triggering the phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase/Akt signaling pathway and cell proliferation, and mimicking the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) receptor. In the present review, fetuin-A was examined in a wide perspective from the structure and release of fetuin-A to its effects on health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Icer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Yıldıran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Unraveling the Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Coronary Artery Disease: Partners in Crime? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228866. [PMID: 33238643 PMCID: PMC7700147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. The present systematic review aimed at compiling dysregulated proteins/genes from different studies to dissect the potential role of EAT in CAD pathophysiology. Exhaustive literature research was performed using the keywords "epicardial adipose tissue and coronary artery disease", to highlight a group of proteins that were consistently regulated among all studies. Reactome, a pathway analysis database, was used to clarify the function of the selected proteins and their intertwined association. SignalP/SecretomeP was used to clarify the endocrine function of the selected proteins. Overall, 1886 proteins/genes were identified from 44 eligible studies. The proteins were separated according to the control used in each study (EAT non-CAD or subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) CAD) and by their regulation (up- or downregulated). Using a Venn diagram, we selected the proteins that were upregulated and downregulated (identified as 27 and 19, respectively) in EAT CAD for both comparisons. The analysis of these proteins revealed the main pathways altered in the EAT and how they could communicate with the heart, potentially contributing to CAD development. In summary, in this study, the identified dysregulated proteins highlight the importance of inflammatory processes to modulate the local environment and the progression of CAD, by cellular and metabolic adaptations of epicardial fat that facilitate the formation and progression of atherogenesis of coronaries.
Collapse
|
20
|
Matafome P. Epicardial adipose tissue (dys)function: A new player in heart disease? Rev Port Cardiol 2020; 39:635-637. [PMID: 33143994 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Matafome
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Matafome P. Epicardial adipose tissue (dys)function: A new player in heart disease? REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
22
|
Milanese G, Silva M, Ledda RE, Goldoni M, Nayak S, Bruno L, Rossi E, Maffei E, Cademartiri F, Sverzellati N. Validity of epicardial fat volume as biomarker of coronary artery disease in symptomatic individuals: Results from the ALTER-BIO registry. Int J Cardiol 2020; 314:20-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
23
|
Association of AHSG gene polymorphisms with serum Fetuin-A levels in individuals with cardiovascular calcification in west of Iran. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1809-1820. [PMID: 32002794 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fetuin-A (AHSG) is a multifunctional secretory protein and acts as an ectopic valve and artery calcification inhibitor. We assessed the correlation between serum levels of Fetuin-A and both exon 6 (248 C/T) and exon 7 (256 C/G) mutations in patients with coronary artery calcification (CAC), mitral annular calcification (MAC), and aortic valve calcification (AVC). 184 patients and 184 healthy individuals as control group were included. The genetic variants of rs4917 and rs4918 for the AHSG gene were determined by PCR-RFLP and T-ARMS PCR techniques. Fetuin-A levels, fasting blood sugar (FBS), urea, creatinine, calcium phosphorus, and lipid profile were measured. Fetuin-A levels were remarkedly lower in individuals with AVC, MAC, and CAC comparing to the control group (p < 0.001). The CT + TT genotypes and the T allele (AHSG Thr248Met) were associated with the risk of calcification of heart valves and coronary artery by 1.31 and 1.27 times in the patient group, respectively. The frequency of CT genotype and T allele was considerably higher in the patient group comparing to the control group. Patients with T allele (CT + TT) had higher levels of FBS, urea, low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-C, phosphorus, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) while decreased levels of triglyceride, high-density lipoproteins (HDL)-C, calcium and fetuin-A in comparison to control group. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between serum FBS, urea, creatinine, HDL-C, calcium with fetuin-A, and a negative correlation between phosphorous level, SBP, and DBP with fetuin-A. T allele in rs4917 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the risk allele of calcification of heart valves and coronary arteries and fetuin-A levels correlates negatively with the occurrence of the disease.
Collapse
|