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Yu VZ, So SS, Lung BCC, Hou GZ, Wong CWY, Chow LKY, Chung MKY, Wong IYH, Wong CLY, Chan DKK, Chan FSY, Law BTT, Xu K, Tan ZZ, Lam KO, Lo AWI, Lam AKY, Kwong DLW, Ko JMY, Dai W, Law S, Lung ML. ΔNp63-restricted viral mimicry response impedes cancer cell viability and remodels tumor microenvironment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 595:216999. [PMID: 38823762 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Tumor protein p63 isoform ΔNp63 plays roles in the squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), including esophageal SCC (ESCC). By integrating data from cell lines and our latest patient-derived organoid cultures, derived xenograft models, and clinical sample transcriptomic analyses, we identified a novel and robust oncogenic role of ΔNp63 in ESCC. We showed that ΔNp63 maintains the repression of cancer cell endogenous retrotransposon expression and cellular double-stranded RNA sensing. These subsequently lead to a restricted cancer cell viral mimicry response and suppressed induction of tumor-suppressive type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling through the regulations of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, Interferon regulatory factor 1, and cGAS-STING pathway. The cancer cell ΔNp63/IFN-I signaling axis affects both the cancer cell and tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) compartments. In cancer cells, depletion of ΔNp63 resulted in reduced cell viability. ΔNp63 expression is negatively associated with the anticancer responses to viral mimicry booster treatments targeting cancer cells. In the tumor microenvironment, cancer cell TP63 expression negatively correlates with multiple TIIC signatures in ESCC clinical samples. ΔNp63 depletion leads to increased cancer cell antigen presentation molecule expression and enhanced recruitment and reprogramming of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. Similar IFN-I signaling and TIIC signature association with ΔNp63 were also observed in lung SCC. These results support the potential application of ΔNp63 as a therapeutic target and a biomarker to guide candidate anticancer treatments exploring viral mimicry responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valen Zhuoyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shan Shan So
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Bryan Chee-Chad Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - George Zhaozheng Hou
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Carissa Wing-Yan Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Larry Ka-Yue Chow
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Michael King-Yung Chung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ian Yu-Hong Wong
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Claudia Lai-Yin Wong
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Desmond Kwan-Kit Chan
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Fion Siu-Yin Chan
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Betty Tsz-Ting Law
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kaiyan Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zack Zhen Tan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-On Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Anthony Wing-Ip Lo
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Divsion of Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Josephine Mun-Yee Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Sindhoo A, Sipy S, Khan A, Selvaraj G, Alshammari A, Casida ME, Wei DQ. ESOMIR: a curated database of biomarker genes and miRNAs associated with esophageal cancer. Database (Oxford) 2023; 2023:baad063. [PMID: 37815872 PMCID: PMC10563827 DOI: 10.1093/database/baad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
'Esophageal cancer' (EC) is a highly aggressive and deadly complex disease. It comprises two types, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), with Barrett's esophagus (BE) being the only known precursor. Recent research has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the development, prognosis and treatment of EC and are involved in various human diseases. Biological databases have become essential for cancer research as they provide information on genes, proteins, pathways and their interactions. These databases collect, store and manage large amounts of molecular data, which can be used to identify patterns, predict outcomes and generate hypotheses. However, no comprehensive database exists for EC and miRNA relationships. To address this gap, we developed a dynamic database named 'ESOMIR (miRNA in esophageal cancer) (https://esomir.dqweilab-sjtu.com)', which includes information about targeted genes and miRNAs associated with EC. The database uses analysis and prediction methods, including experimentally endorsed miRNA(s) information. ESOMIR is a user-friendly interface that allows easy access to EC-associated data by searching for miRNAs, target genes, sequences, chromosomal positions and associated signaling pathways. The search modules are designed to provide specific data access to users based on their requirements. Additionally, the database provides information about network interactions, signaling pathways and region information of chromosomes associated with the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) or 5'UTR and exon sites. Users can also access energy levels of specific miRNAs with targeted genes. A fuzzy term search is included in each module to enhance the ease of use for researchers. ESOMIR can be a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians to gain insight into EC, including identifying biomarkers and treatments for this aggressive tumor. Database URL https://esomir.dqweilab-sjtu.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sindhoo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Saima Sipy
- Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh 74600, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai–Islamabad–Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai, Minhang 200030, PR China
| | - Gurudeeban Selvaraj
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modelling (CERMM), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Earl Casida
- Laboratoire de Spectrom´etrie, Interactions et Chimie th´eorique (SITh), D´epartement de Chimie Mol´eculaire (DCM, UMR CNRS/UGA 5250), Institut de Chimie Mol´eculaire de Grenoble (ICMG, FR2607), Universit´e Grenoble Alpes (UGA), 301 rue de la Chimie BP 53, Grenoble Cedex F-38041, France
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai–Islamabad–Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai, Minhang 200030, PR China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Montreal, Vanke Cloud City, Nashan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
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Ma W, Yan Y, Bai S, Zhou Y, Wang X, Feng Z, Li G, Zhou S, Zhang J, Ren J. SPARC expression in tumor microenvironment induces partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of esophageal adenocarcinoma cells via cooperating with TGF-β signaling. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:250-259. [PMID: 36229930 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) has been characterized as an oncoprotein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but its involvement in the pathological development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (ESAD) remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the sources of SPARC in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its functional role in ESAD. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-esophageal cancer (ESCA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). ESAD tumor cell line OE33 and OE19 cells were used as in vitro cell models. Results showed that SPARC upregulation was associated with unfavorable disease-specific survival (DSS) in ESAD. ESAD tumor cells (OE33 and OE19) had no detectable SPARC protein expression. In contrast, IHC staining in ESAD tumor tissues suggested that peritumoral stromal cells (tumor-associated fibroblasts and macrophages) were the dominant SPARC source in TME. Exogenous SPARC induced partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of ESAD cells, reflected by reduced CDH1 and elevated ZEB1/VIM expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Besides, exogenous SPARC enhanced tumor cell invasion. When TGFBR2 expression was inhibited, the activation of TGF-β signaling induced by exogenous SPARC was impaired. However, the activating effects were rescued by overexpressing mutant TGFBR2 resistant to the shRNA sequence. Copresence of exogenous SPARC and TGF-β1 induced higher expression of mesenchymal markers and enhanced the invading capability of ESAD cells than TGF-β1 alone. In conclusion, this study suggests a potential cross-talk between ESAD tumor stromal cells and cancer cells via a SPARC-TGF-β1 paracrine network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanli Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuheng Bai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaode Feng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangzu Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuling Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangzhou Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Naa10p promotes cell invasiveness of esophageal cancer by coordinating the c-Myc and PAI1 regulatory axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:995. [PMID: 36433943 PMCID: PMC9700753 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
N-α-acetyltransferase 10 protein, Naa10p, is involved in various cellular functions impacting tumor progression. Due to its capacity to acetylate a large spectrum of proteins, both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of Naa10p have been documented. Here, we report an oncogenic role of Naa10p in promoting metastasis of esophageal cancer. NAA10 is more highly expressed in esophageal cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. Higher NAA10 expression also correlates with poorer survival of esophageal cancer patients. We found that NAA10 expression was transcriptionally regulated by the critical oncogene c-Myc in esophageal cancer. Furthermore, activation of the c-Myc-Naa10p axis resulted in upregulated cell invasiveness of esophageal cancer. This increased cell invasiveness was also elucidated to depend on the enzymatic activity of Naa10p. Moreover, Naa10p cooperated with Naa15p to interact with the protease inhibitor, PAI1, and prevent its secretion. This inhibition of PAI1 secretion may derive from the N-terminal acetylation effect of the Naa10p/Naa15p complex. Our results establish the significance of Naa10p in driving metastasis in esophageal cancer by coordinating the c-Myc-PAI1 axis, with implications for its potential use as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for esophageal cancer.
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Yang ZX, Yan LB, Xie P, Hu P, Zhao W, Lu Y, Xing X, Liu X. Association of Serum Pepsinogens With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:928672. [PMID: 35847871 PMCID: PMC9280489 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.928672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum pepsinogens are serological biomarkers of gastric atrophy, and the latter is a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the association of serum pepsinogens with ESCC risk remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between serum pepsinogen I (PGI) and pepsinogen I: pepsinogen II ratio (PGR) and ESCC risk. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for articles on the effect of serum PGI and PGR on ESCC risk, published up to the end of February 2022. Meta-analysis with a random-effect model was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Five case–control studies and three prospective studies were included. In comparison with the high categories, the low categories of serum PGI (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.45–2.56) and PGR (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.01–2.85) were associated with an increased risk of ESCC, although a substantial heterogeneity was observed in serum PGR (I2 = 60.2%, P = 0.028) rather than in serum PGI (I2 = 46.4%, P = 0.070). In stratified analysis by study quality, the significant risk effect on ESCC was remained for PGI (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.48–2.84) and PGR (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.17–3.75) when only the studies with high quality were pooled. Conclusions Based on the available studies, although limited in number, this systematic review along with meta-analysis suggests that low serum PGI and low PGR may be related to an increased risk of ESCC. This present study provides evidence for using serum pepsinogen biomarkers in predicting ESCC. More delicate well-designed cohort studies with high study quality are needed, and dose–response analysis should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xiao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Bin Yan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Xi’an Aerospace General Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Liu, ; Wenjing Zhao, ; Yi Lu,
| | - Yi Lu
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Xudong Liu, ; Wenjing Zhao, ; Yi Lu,
| | - Xiangbing Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Liu, ; Wenjing Zhao, ; Yi Lu,
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Wu Z, Huang C, Li R, Li H, Lu H, Lin Z. PRKCI Mediates Radiosensitivity via the Hedgehog/GLI1 Pathway in Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887139. [PMID: 35785194 PMCID: PMC9243290 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Insensitivity to radiotherapy accounts for the majority of therapeutic failures in cervical cancer (CC) patients who undergo radical radiotherapy. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying radiosensitivity to identify methods to improve the overall 5-year survival rate. The atypical protein kinase C iota (aPKCι) gene PRKCI exhibits tumor-specific copy number amplification (CNA) in CC. We investigated how PRKCI decreases radiosensitivity in CC and assessed the interplay between PRKCI and the Hedgehog (Hh)/GLI1 pathway in the present research. Methods The biological functions of PRKCI in CC radiosensitivity were explored through immunohistochemistry, colony formation, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), cell cycle, apoptosis assays, and xenograft models. qRT-PCR, Western blotting analysis, and immunofluorescence assays were utilized to evaluate the interplay between PRKCI and the Hh/GLI1 pathway and its mechanism in PRKCI-decreased radiosensitivity in CC. Furthermore, the effect of auranofin (AF), a selective inhibitor of PKCι, on CC cells was explored through biochemical assays in vitro and in vivo. Results We found that high PRKCI expression was responsible for decreased survival in CC. PRKCI was intimately associated with radiation-triggered alterations in proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and xenograft growth. The Hh/GLI1 pathway was activated when PRKCI expression was altered. PRKCI functions downstream of the Hh/GLI1 pathway to phosphorylate and activate the transcription factor GLI1. AF acts as a radiosensitizer and showed biological effects in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions PRKCI is a therapeutic target for regulating radiosensitivity in CC. This molecule regulates radiosensitivity by modulating GLI1 relocalization and phosphorylation in CC via the Hh/GLI1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuna Wu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chunxian Huang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaiwu Lu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huaiwu Lu, ; Zhongqiu Lin,
| | - Zhongqiu Lin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huaiwu Lu, ; Zhongqiu Lin,
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Bregni G, Beck B. Toward Targeted Therapies in Oesophageal Cancers: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1522. [PMID: 35326673 PMCID: PMC8946490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Oesophageal cancer occurs as squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) or adenocarcinoma (EAC). Prognosis for patients with either ESCC or EAC is poor, with less than 20% of patients surviving more than 5 years after diagnosis. A major progress has been made in the development of biomarker-driven targeted therapies against breast and lung cancers, as well as melanoma. However, precision oncology for patients with oesophageal cancer is still virtually non-existent. In this review, we outline the recent advances in oesophageal cancer profiling and clinical trials based on targeted therapies in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Bregni
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Benjamin Beck
- Welbio and FNRS Investigator at IRIBHM, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Gallerani G, Rossi T, Valgiusti M, Angeli D, Fici P, De Fanti S, Bandini E, Cocchi C, Frassineti GL, Bonafè M, Fabbri F. CNA Profiling of Single CTCs in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer Patients during Therapy Highlights Unexplored Molecular Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6369. [PMID: 34944989 PMCID: PMC8699413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we monitored the evolution of CTCs spread in 11 patients affected by locally advanced EC who were undergoing therapy. METHODS In this perspective study, we designed multiple blood biopsies from individual patients: before and after neoadjuvant chemo-radio therapy and after surgery. We developed a multi-target array, named Grab-all assay, to estimate CTCs for their epithelial (EpCAM/E-Cadherin/Cytokeratins) and mesenchymal/stem (N-Cadherin/CD44v6/ABCG2) phenotypes. Identified CTCs were isolated as single cells by DEPArray, subjected to whole genome amplification, and copy number aberration (CNA) profiles were determined. Through bioinformatic analysis, we assessed the genomic imbalance of single CTCs, investigated specific focal copy number changes previously reported in EC and aberrant pathways using enrichment analysis. RESULTS Longitudinal monitoring allowed the identification of CTCs in at least one time-point per patient. Through single cell CNA analysis, we revealed that CTCs showed significantly dynamic genomic imbalance during treatment. Individual CTCs from relapsed patients displayed a higher degree of genomic imbalance relative to disease-free patients' groups. Genomic aberrations previously reported in EC occurred mostly in post-neoadjuvant therapy CTCs. In-depth analysis showed that networks enrichment in all time-point CTCs were inherent to innate immune system. Transcription/gene regulation, post-transcriptional and epigenetic modifications were uniquely affected in CTCs of relapsed patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data add clues to the comprehension of the role of CTCs in EC aggressiveness: chromosomal aberrations on genes related to innate immune system behave as relevant to the onset of CTC-status, whilst pathways of transcription/gene regulation, post-transcriptional and epigenetic modifications seem linked to patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gallerani
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (T.R.); (P.F.); (E.B.); (C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Tania Rossi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (T.R.); (P.F.); (E.B.); (C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Martina Valgiusti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Davide Angeli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Pietro Fici
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (T.R.); (P.F.); (E.B.); (C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Sara De Fanti
- Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Erika Bandini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (T.R.); (P.F.); (E.B.); (C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Claudia Cocchi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (T.R.); (P.F.); (E.B.); (C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Giovanni Luca Frassineti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (T.R.); (P.F.); (E.B.); (C.C.); (F.F.)
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A new murine esophageal organoid culture method and organoid-based model of esophageal squamous cell neoplasia. iScience 2021; 24:103440. [PMID: 34877497 PMCID: PMC8633967 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids mimic the physiologic and pathologic events of organs. However, no consensus on esophageal organoid (EO) culture methods has been reached. Moreover, organoid models reproducing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) initiation have been unavailable. Herein, we sought to develop an esophageal minimum essential organoid culture medium (E-MEOM) for culturing murine EOs and establishing an early ESCC model. We formulated E-MEOM to grow EOs from a single cell with clonal expansion, maintenance, and passage. We found that EOs cultured in E-MEOM were equivalent to the esophageal epithelium by histological analysis and transcriptomic study. Trp53 knockout and KrasG12D expression in EOs induced the development of esophageal squamous neoplasia, an early lesion of ESCC. Here we propose the new formula for EO culture with minimum components and the organoid model recapitulating ESCC initiation, laying the foundation for ESCC research and drug discovery. Identification of minimal components for murine EO growth and maintenance Mouse EOs morphologically and transcriptionally recapitulate the human esophagus Trp53 KO and KrasG12D induced esophageal neoplasia mimicking early ESCC
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10
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Ren S, Tan X, Fu MZ, Ren S, Wu X, Chen T, Latham PS, Lin P, Man YG, Fu SW. Downregulation of miR-375 contributes to ERBB2-mediated VEGFA overexpression in esophageal cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:7138-7146. [PMID: 34729115 PMCID: PMC8558641 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a lethal cancer with an extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate. However, the molecular mechanisms driving the occurrence and progression of EC are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate the expression of protein-coding genes. miRNA-mediated gene regulation plays an important role in EC. By cross-referencing studies from NCBI, we found that microRNA-375 (miR-375) is one of the most frequently downregulated miRNAs in EC. We assessed expression of miR-375 in EC cell lines and primary EC tissues and their matched normal tissues. We found significant downregulation of miR-375 in both cell lines and EC tissues. Forced expression of miR-375 attenuated EC cell proliferation and invasion. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, ERBB2), a known proto-oncogene, was identified here as one of the potential target genes of miR-375. Ectopic expression of miR-375 significantly suppressed the expression of ERBB2 and subsequently downregulated one of its target genes, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), which is related to cancer invasion and metastasis. These findings suggest that miR-375 acts as a tumor suppressor by blocking the ERBB2/VEGFA pathway with the potential to modulate the occurrence and/ or progression of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Melinda Z Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Shuyang Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Patricia S Latham
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack Meridian Health-Hackensack, University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; the International Union for Difficult to treat Diseases (IUDD), Silver Spring, MD
| | - Sidney W Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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11
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[Influence of molecular pathology on oncological surgery of tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. Chirurg 2021; 92:981-985. [PMID: 34287671 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-021-01466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the recent past tumors of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, e.g. esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and gastric adenocarcinoma, have been increasingly characterized by molecular genetics. The resulting subtypes provide potential targets for novel targeted treatment based on the biological characteristics. OBJECTIVE This article summarizes the current state of molecular subtyping in all three tumor entities and the individualized treatment strategies derived from these categories are discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS A selective literature search was performed focusing on molecular subtyping, current targeted treatment and the impact on the oncological treatment concepts. Databases such as PubMed were used. RESULTS Based on molecular characteristics ESCC is nowadays categorized into three subtypes. Genetically, at least one subgroup resembles oropharyngeal carcinomas rather than those of the upper GI tract. In contrast, EAC is characterized by its high tumor burden and large chromosomal instability. In gastric carcinoma 4 subtypes are distinguished: 1) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive, 2) microsatellite instability (MSI), 3) genomically stable (GS) and 4) chromosomally unstable (CIN) tumors. CONCLUSION To date, only a few targeted therapeutic options have been successfully transferred into daily routine derived from the genetic characterization of the three tumor entities. These include selective ERBB2 inhibition, immunotherapy using PD-L1 inhibition or combined blockade of ERBB2/VEGF.
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12
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Wallander K, Eisfeldt J, Lindblad M, Nilsson D, Billiau K, Foroughi H, Nordenskjöld M, Liedén A, Tham E. Cell-free tumour DNA analysis detects copy number alterations in gastro-oesophageal cancer patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245488. [PMID: 33539436 PMCID: PMC7861431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of cell-free tumour DNA, a liquid biopsy, is a promising biomarker for cancer. We have performed a proof-of principle study to test the applicability in the clinical setting, analysing copy number alterations (CNAs) in plasma and tumour tissue from 44 patients with gastro-oesophageal cancer. METHODS DNA was isolated from blood plasma and a tissue sample from each patient. Array-CGH was applied to the tissue DNA. The cell-free plasma DNA was sequenced by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing using a clinical pipeline for non-invasive prenatal testing. WISECONDOR and ichorCNA, two bioinformatic tools, were used to process the output data and were compared to each other. RESULTS Cancer-associated CNAs could be seen in 59% (26/44) of the tissue biopsies. In the plasma samples, a targeted approach analysing 61 regions of special interest in gastro-oesophageal cancer detected cancer-associated CNAs with a z-score >5 in 11 patients. Broadening the analysis to a whole-genome view, 17/44 patients (39%) had cancer-associated CNAs using WISECONDOR and 13 (30%) using ichorCNA. Of the 26 patients with tissue-verified cancer-associated CNAs, 14 (54%) had corresponding CNAs in plasma. Potentially clinically actionable amplifications overlapping the genes VEGFA, EGFR and FGFR2 were detected in the plasma from three patients. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that low-coverage whole-genome sequencing without prior knowledge of the tumour alterations could become a useful tool for cell-free tumour DNA analysis of total CNAs in plasma from patients with gastro-oesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wallander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Eisfeldt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lindblad
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenny Billiau
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hassan Foroughi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agne Liedén
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Dagamajalu S, Vijayakumar M, Shetty R, Rex DAB, Narayana Kotimoole C, Prasad TSK. Proteogenomic examination of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): new lines of inquiry. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:649-662. [PMID: 33151123 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1845146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a histopathologic subtype of esophageal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is primarily because patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage by the time symptoms appear. The genomics and mass spectrometry-based proteomics continue to provide important leads toward biomarker discovery for ESCC. However, such leads are yet to be translated into clinical utilities. Areas covered: We gathered information pertaining to proteomics and proteogenomics efforts in ESCC from the literature search until 2020. An overview of omics approaches to discover the candidate biomarkers for ESCC were highlighted. We present a summary of recent investigations of alterations in the level of gene and protein expression observed in biological samples including body fluids, tissue/biopsy and in vitro-based models. Expert opinion: A large number of protein-based biomarkers and therapeutic targets are being used in cancer therapy. Several candidates are being developed as diagnostics and prognostics for the management of cancers. High-resolution proteomic and proteogenomic approaches offer an efficient way to identify additional candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, prediction of response to chemo and radiotherapy. Some of these biomarkers can also be developed as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Manavalan Vijayakumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Rohan Shetty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - D A B Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Chinmaya Narayana Kotimoole
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
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14
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Peng C, Cohen DJ. Advances in the pharmacotherapeutic management of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 22:93-107. [PMID: 33034212 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1813278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal squamous cancer remains an important cause of mortality worldwide with two new immunotherapy drugs recently approved for metastatic disease. AREAS COVERED The authors review the epidemiology and genomics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. They also examine prior trials involving targeted agents under investigation as well immunotherapies that have been approved and novel combinations. EXPERT OPINION Great advances have been made in characterizing the molecular changes in esophageal carcinoma. However, relatively few drugs have shown benefit in this disease. Targeted therapies have not shown to improve survival although many of these trials did not explore potential biomarkers. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are now approved for esophageal squamous carcinoma but much more data are needed to understand how these agents may be used in non-metastatic settings. Novel treatments are still required as overall prognosis remains poor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deirdre J Cohen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health , New York, NY, USA
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15
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Limzerwala JF, Jeganathan KB, Kloeber JA, Davies BA, Zhang C, Sturmlechner I, Zhong J, Fierro Velasco R, Fields AP, Yuan Y, Baker DJ, Zhou D, Li H, Katzmann DJ, van Deursen JM. FoxM1 insufficiency hyperactivates Ect2-RhoA-mDia1 signaling to drive cancer. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:1010-1024. [PMID: 34841254 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
FoxM1 activates genes that regulate S-G2-M cell-cycle progression and, when overexpressed, is associated with poor clinical outcome in multiple cancers. Here we identify FoxM1 as a tumor suppressor in mice that, through its N-terminal domain, binds to and inhibits Ect2 to limit the activity of RhoA GTPase and its effector mDia1, a catalyst of cortical actin nucleation. FoxM1 insufficiency impedes centrosome movement through excessive cortical actin polymerization, thereby causing the formation of non-perpendicular mitotic spindles that missegregate chromosomes and drive tumorigenesis in mice. Importantly, low FOXM1 expression correlates with RhoA GTPase hyperactivity in multiple human cancer types, indicating that suppression of the newly discovered Ect2-RhoAmDia1 oncogenic axis by FoxM1 is clinically relevant. Furthermore, by dissecting the domain requirements through which FoxM1 inhibits Ect2 GEF activity, we provide mechanistic insight for the development of pharmacological approaches that target protumorigenic RhoA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazeel F Limzerwala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karthik B Jeganathan
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian A Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ines Sturmlechner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Raul Fierro Velasco
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Darren J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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16
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Liu G, Guo W, Chen G, Li W, Cui Y, Qin J, Peng J. Lnc-MCEI mediated the chemosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via miR-6759-5p to competitively regulate IGF2. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2938-2950. [PMID: 33061807 PMCID: PMC7545712 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Large amounts of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been annotated whereas most of them have not been functionally characterized. Here we identified lncRNA ENST00000441932 as an oncogenic lncRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and named lnc-MCEI (lncRNA mediated the chemosensitivity of ESCC by regulating IGF2). What's more, the effect of lnc-MCEI on the chemosensitivity of ESCC was further evaluated. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that lnc-MCEI was involved in the tumorigenesis of ESCC and lnc-MCEI levels were significantly increased in ESCC cells and tissues. Additionally, lnc-MCEI knockdown retarded cell proliferation, colony formation of ESCC cells, but induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, lnc-MCEI knockdown significantly improved the chemosensitivity of ESCC to cisplatin (DDP) both in vivo and in vitro. Further mechanisms disclosed that lnc-MCEI functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) via sponging miR-6759-5p and IGF2 was a target of miR-6759-5p. Meanwhile, we found that IGF2 suppressed chemosensitivity of ESCC cells via PI3K/AKT pathway. These data suggested that lnc-MCEI was an oncogenic lncRNA and lnc-MCEI knockdown enhanced chemosensitivity of ESCC cells to cisplatin by targeting miR-6759-5p /IGF2/PI3K/AKT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Hemotology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Wencan Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Youbin Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou 412000, China
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17
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Wang J, Xu L, Liu X, Yang R, Wang D. A facile adenosine triphosphate-responsive nanoplatform for efficacious therapy of esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:108. [PMID: 32831927 PMCID: PMC7439100 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current chemotherapeutic agents against esophageal cancer (EC) are suboptimal. To improve treatment efficacy, a nanoplatform based on ATP-responsive drug release was developed for EC therapy. First, the chemotherapeutic agent epirubicin (EPI) was inserted into an ATP aptamer (Ap) to form double-stranded DNA ('DNA duplex'). Subsequently, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was employed to condense the EPI-loaded duplex to construct the final nanoplatform (PEI-Ap-EPI). Following internalization by cancer cells, the EPI-loaded DNA duplex could open and release EPI in an intracellular ATP-rich environment. An in vitro drug-release assay demonstrated that ~50% of EPI was released from PEI-Ap-EPI in an ATP-rich condition. However, only 15% of EPI was released in the presence of a low concentration of ATP. In vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays demonstrated that PEI-Ap-EPI could enhance EPI efficiency against EC cells markedly compared with those in the control group. Therefore, this facile PEI-Ap-EPI nanoplatform may be a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of EPI treatment in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Linhao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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18
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Li R, Li P, Xing W, Qiu H. Heterogeneous genomic aberrations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a review. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1553-1568. [PMID: 32509161 PMCID: PMC7269976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) causes hundreds of thousands of deaths a year worldwide, especially the major subtype esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). With the advent of next-generation sequencing and the availability of commercial microarrays, abnormities in genetic levels have been revealed in various independent researches. High frequencies of structure variations (SVs), single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and copy-number alterations (CNAs) in ESCCs are uncovered, and ESCC shows high levels of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity, implying diverse evolutionary trajectories. This review tries to explain the pathogenesis of ESCC on the scope of most often mutated genes based on prior studies, hopes to offer some hints for diagnosis and therapy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renling Li
- Quality and Standards Academy, Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Wenqun Xing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Huiling Qiu
- Quality and Standards Academy, Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518060, China
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19
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Chu LY, Peng YH, Weng XF, Xie JJ, Xu YW. Blood-based biomarkers for early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1708-1725. [PMID: 32351288 PMCID: PMC7183865 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system worldwide, especially in China. Due to the lack of effective early detection methods, ESCC patients often present at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, which seriously affects the prognosis of patients. At present, early detection of ESCC mainly depends on invasive and expensive endoscopy and histopathological biopsy. Therefore, there is an unmet need for a non-invasive method to detect ESCC in the early stages. With the emergence of a large class of non-invasive diagnostic tools, serum tumor markers have attracted much attention because of their potential for detection of early tumors. Therefore, the identification of serum tumor markers for early detection of ESCC is undoubtedly one of the most effective ways to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC. This article reviews the recent advances in the discovery of blood-based ESCC biomarkers, and discusses the origins, clinical applications, and technical challenges of clinical validation of various types of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Fen Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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20
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Brown J, Stepien AJ, Willem P. Landscape of copy number aberrations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from a high endemic region of South Africa. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:281. [PMID: 32252688 PMCID: PMC7137242 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive cancer with one of the highest world incidences in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. Several genome wide studies have been performed on ESCC cohorts from Asian countries, North America, Malawi and other parts of the world but none have been conducted on ESCC tumors from South Africa to date, where the molecular pathology and etiology of this disease remains unclear. We report here tumor associated copy number changes observed in 51 ESCC patients’ samples from the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Methods We extracted tumor DNA from 51 archived ESCC specimens and interrogated tumor associated DNA copy number changes using Affymetrix® 500 K SNP array technology. The Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer (GISTIC 2.0) algorithm was applied to identify significant focal regions of gains and losses. Gains of the top recurrent cancer genes were validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and their protein expression assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Twenty-three significant focal gains were identified across samples. Gains involving the CCND1, MYC, EGFR and JAG1 loci recapitulated those described in studies on Asian and Malawian cohorts. The two most significant gains involved the chromosomal sub-bands 3q28, encompassing the TPRG1 gene and 11q13.3 including the CTTN, PPFIA1and SHANK2 genes. There was no significant homozygous loss and the most recurrent hemizygous deletion involved the B3GAT1 gene on chromosome 11q25. Focal gains on 11q13.3 in 37% of cases (19/51), consistently involved CTTN and SHANK2 genes. Twelve of these cases (23,5%), had a broader region of gain that also included the CCND1, FGF19, FGF4 and FGF3 genes. SHANK2 and CTTN are co-amplified in several cancers, these proteins interact functionally together and are involved in cell motility. Immunohistochemistry confirmed both Shank2 (79%) and cortactin (69%) protein overexpression in samples with gains of these genes. In contrast, cyclin D1 (65%) was moderately expressed in samples with CCND1 DNA gain. Conclusions This study reports copy number changes in a South African ESCC cohort and highlights similarities and differences with cohorts from Asia and Malawi. Our results strongly suggest a role for CTTN and SHANK2 in the pathogenesis of ESCC in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Brown
- School of Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Andrzej J Stepien
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Walter Sisulu University, National Health Laboratory Services/NMAH, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Pascale Willem
- School of Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
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21
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Zhang R, Zou J, Li P, Li Q, Qiao Y, Han J, Huang K, Ruan P, Lin H, Song Q, Fu Z. Surgery to the primary tumor is associated with improved survival of patients with metastatic esophageal cancer: propensity score-matched analyses of a large retrospective cohort. Dis Esophagus 2020; 33:5512616. [PMID: 31175353 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The survival advantage of surgery to the primary tumor for patients with distant metastatic esophageal cancer has not been adequately evaluated. This study aims to investigate the role of surgery to the primary tumor in distant metastatic esophageal cancer and to evaluate possible different effects of surgery on survival of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study included a cohort of 4,367 metastatic esophageal cancer patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, registered from January 2004 to December 2014. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazardous models were used to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for potential baseline confounding. Both EAC (median OS for surgery group vs. no-surgery group-14.0 vs. 9.0 months, P < 0.001) and ESCC (median OS for surgery vs. no-surgery group-11.0 vs. 7.0 months, P = 0.002) experienced survival benefits from surgery. We found that surgery to the primary tumor, when combined with chemotherapy, was associated with improved survival for patients with M1b disease, both EAC and ESCC, with a greater benefit observed in younger patients, and those with EAC. While the present data indicate a potential survival benefit from surgery for some patients with metastatic esophageal cancer, it is possible that performance status and metastatic disease burden impacted patient selection, influencing these results. Further studies are needed to determine the role of surgery for patients with metastatic esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahua Zou
- Huanggang Cancer Center, Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huanggang City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Qiao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianglong Han
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejie Huang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Ruan
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiqing Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenming Fu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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22
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Guan Y, Wang G, Fails D, Nagarajan P, Ge Y. Unraveling cancer lineage drivers in squamous cell carcinomas. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 206:107448. [PMID: 31836455 PMCID: PMC6995404 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer hijacks embryonic development and adult wound repair mechanisms to fuel malignancy. Cancer frequently originates from de-regulated adult stem cells or progenitors, which are otherwise essential units for postnatal tissue remodeling and repair. Cancer genomics studies have revealed convergence of multiple cancers across organ sites, including squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), a common group of cancers arising from the head and neck, esophagus, lung, cervix and skin. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the molecular drivers of SCCs, including these five major organ sites. We especially focus our discussion on lineage dependent driver genes and pathways, in the context of squamous development and stratification. We then use skin as a model to discuss the notion of field cancerization during SCC carcinogenesis, and cancer as a wound that never heals. Finally, we turn to the idea of context dependency widely observed in cancer driver genes, and outline literature support and possible explanations for their lineage specific functions. Through these discussions, we aim to provide an up-to-date summary of molecular mechanisms driving tumor plasticity in squamous cancers. Such basic knowledge will be helpful to inform the clinics for better stratifying cancer patients, revealing novel drug targets and providing effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Danielle Fails
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yejing Ge
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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23
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Zamanian Azodi M, Razzaghi M, Malekpour H, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Heidari MH. Highlighted role of "IL17 signaling pathway" in gastroesophageal reflux disease. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2020; 13:S68-S74. [PMID: 33585006 PMCID: PMC7881399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to assess the molecular profile of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) via Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and gene ontology (GO) investigation. BACKGROUND GERD which affects the life of about 30% of people is associated with high costs in the human papulation. Several risk factors such as smoking, eating habits, BMI, and dysfunction of lower esophageal sphincter have been reported to contribute to the onset and progression of GERD. The roles of some types of interleukins and inflammatory factors as molecular features of GERD are investigated. METHODS Genes related to GERD were analyzed by Cytoscape v.3.7.2 and the corresponding plug-ins. ClueGO and CluePedia assessed the gene ontology and action type properties for the central nodes. RESULTS The results indicated that there are 12 hub-bottlenecks almost all of which except ALB are dispersed in the network clusters 1 and 2. Il17 signaling pathway among 7 identified biochemical pathways was also detected as a most related annotation for these central genes. CONCLUSION Numbers of 11 critical genes and one pathway (IL17 signaling pathway) were highlighted as the deregulate genes and pathway in GERD. Common molecular features of GERD and cancer appeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Zamanian Azodi
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Malekpour
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Rezaei-Tavirani
- Firoozabadi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Heidari
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Ren J, Lu Y, Qian Y, Chen B, Wu T, Ji G. Recent progress regarding kaempferol for the treatment of various diseases. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2759-2776. [PMID: 31572524 PMCID: PMC6755486 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol, also known as kaempferol-3 or kaempferide, is a flavonoid compound that naturally occurs in tea, as well as numerous common vegetables and fruits, including beans, broccoli, cabbage, gooseberries, grapes, kale, strawberries, tomatoes, citrus fruits, brussel sprouts, apples and grapefruit. The present review mainly summarizes the application of kaempferol in treating diseases and the underlying mechanisms that are currently being studied. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, it may be used to treat numerous acute and chronic inflammation-induced diseases, including intervertebral disc degeneration and colitis, as well as post-menopausal bone loss and acute lung injury. In addition, it has beneficial effects against cancer, liver injury, obesity and diabetes, inhibits vascular endothelial inflammation, protects the cranial nerve and heart function, and may be used for treating fibroproliferative disorders, including hypertrophic scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Qian
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bozhou Chen
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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25
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Ng CK, Ma K, Cheng Y, Miyashita T, Harmon JW, Meltzer SJ. Krüppel-like Factor 5 Promotes Sonic Hedgehog Signaling and Neoplasia in Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1432-1441. [PMID: 31401336 PMCID: PMC6700477 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like Factor 5 (KLF5) is a zinc-finger transcription factor associated with cell cycle progression and cell survival. KLF5 plays a key role in mammalian intestinal epithelium development and maintenance, expressed at high levels in basal proliferating cells and low levels in terminally differentiated cells. Considering Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma's (EAC) histopathological similarities to intestinal epithelium, we sought to determine KLF5's role in BE and EAC, as well as KLF5's possible connection to the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway which is highly active in BE and EAC development. Low levels of KLF5 mRNA were found in BE cell lines and tissue- similar to what has been reported in differentiated intestinal epithelium. In contrast, higher KLF5 levels were observed in EAC cells and tissues. KLF5 knockdown in EAC cells caused significant decreases in cell migration, proliferation, and EAC-associated gene expression. Moreover, KLF5 knockdown led to decreased SHH signaling. These results suggest that KLF5 is connected to the SHH pathway in BE and EAC and may represent a potential drug target in EAC; further studies are now indicated to verify these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Ng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ke Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yulan Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - John W Harmon
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Stephen J Meltzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Pennathur A, Godfrey TE, Luketich JD. The Molecular Biologic Basis of Esophageal and Gastric Cancers. Surg Clin North Am 2019; 99:403-418. [PMID: 31047032 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer and gastric cancer are leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In this article, the authors discuss the molecular biology of esophageal and gastric cancer with a focus on esophageal adenocarcinoma. They review data from The Cancer Genome Atlas project and advances in the molecular stratification and classification of esophageal carcinoma and gastric cancer. They also summarize advances in microRNA, molecular staging, gene expression profiling, tumor microenvironment, and detection of circulating tumor DNA. Finally, the authors summarize some of the implications of understanding the molecular basis of esophageal cancer and future directions in the management of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Pennathur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St. Suite C-800, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Tony E Godfrey
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - James D Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St. Suite C-800, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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27
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Promoter hypermethylation-mediated downregulation of tumor suppressor gene SEMA3B and lncRNA SEMA3B-AS1 correlates with progression and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:225-241. [PMID: 30915595 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Frequent deletions of tumor-suppressor genes at chromosome 3p21.3 have been detected in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). As a candidate tumor suppressor gene, semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B) is located at 3p21.3 and is frequently inactivated in several tumors. However, the role and inactivation mechanisms of SEMA3B and its antisense long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SEMA3B-AS1 in the carcinogenesis of ESCC have not been fully elucidated. The present study was conducted to investigate the role, epigenetic inactivation mechanisms, and prognostic value of SEMA3B and SEMA3B-AS1 in ESCC tumorigenesis and prognosis. Frequent downregulation of SEMA3B and SEMA3B-AS1 was detected in esophageal cancer cells and ESCC tissues, and the expression level of SEMA3B and SEMA3B-AS1 in ESCC tissues was correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. SEMA3B and SEMA3B-AS1 shared the same CpG island in the promoter region and the expression of both genes might be regulated by the promoter methylation status. Furthermore, transcription factor Sp1 activated SEMA3B or SEMA3B-AS1 transcription and the promoter hypermethylation of SEMA3B and SEMA3B-AS1 influenced Sp1 binding ability. Moreover, over-expression of SEMA3B and SEMA3B-AS1 suppressed the viability and invasion of esophageal cancer cells in vitro. SEMA3B-AS1 influenced the protein expression of SEMA3B. SEMA3B or SEMA3B-AS1 expression and promoter methylation status were correlated with ESCC patients' survival. Thus, these findings suggest that SEMA3B and SEMA3B-AS1 may act as tumor suppressors and may serve as potential targets for antitumor therapy.
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28
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Hara T, Makino T, Yamasaki M, Tanaka K, Miyazaki Y, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Nakajima K, Matsuura N, Mori M, Doki Y. Effect of c-Met and CD44v6 Expression in Resistance to Chemotherapy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:899-906. [PMID: 30610559 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-07126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Met relies on CD44v6 for its activation and signaling in several cancer cell lines. However, the correlation of c-Met and CD44v6 expression and its biological significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. METHODS Expression of c-Met and CD44v6 was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 147 ESCC specimens. We analyzed the impact of c-Met and CD44v6 expression on clinicopathological parameters, including chemoresistance or prognosis in ESCC. RESULTS High expression of c-Met and CD44v6 in cancerous lesions was identified in 49.7% and 50.3% of all patients, respectively. The c-Met-high group comprised more advanced pT and pM stages than the c-Met-low group. In addition, more patients in the c-Met-high group received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) than the c-Met-low group (64.4% vs. 43.2%, P = 0.010). On the other hand, the CD44v6-high group was associated with more advanced pT/pN stages and a poorer clinical response to NACT (response rate 53.5% vs. 77.8%, P = 0.025) than the CD44v6-low group. Double-positive immunostaining of c-Met and CD44v6 was identified in 28.6% of all cases, and multivariate analysis of overall survival (OS) identified them (hazard ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval 1.03-3.04, P = 0.038) as independent prognostic factors in addition to pN and pM stage. CONCLUSIONS c-Met/CD44v6 were associated with tumor progression or chemoresistance. Double-positive expression of c-Met and CD44v6 negatively impacted patient prognosis in ESCC, implying that c-Met and CD44v6 are candidates for targeted therapy in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nariaki Matsuura
- Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Zhang R, Jia M, Li P, Han J, Huang K, Li Q, Qiao Y, Xu T, Ruan P, Hu Q, Fan G, Song Q, Fu Z. Radiotherapy improves the survival of patients with metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a propensity score matched analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Dis Esophagus 2019; 32:5114250. [PMID: 30277502 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The survival advantage of radiotherapy (RT) for patients with metastatic esophagus cancer has not been adequately evaluated. This study aims to find out the role of RT for metastatic esophagus cancer and to find the different effect for RT to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study included 5,970 metastatic esophagus cancer patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, registered from January 2004 to December 2013. Propensity score (PS) analysis with 1:1 nearest neighbor matching method was used to ensure well-balanced characteristics of all comparison groups by histological types. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazardous models were used to evaluate the overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Generally speaking, EAC did not get survival benefit from RT (median OS for RT group vs. no-RT group-8.0, 7.6-8.4 vs. 9.0, 8.5-9.5, P = 0.073), whereas RT for metastatic ESCC did significantly improve OS (median OS for RT group vs. no-RT group-8.0, 7.4-8.6 vs. 7.0, 6.4-7.6, P = 0.044). Therefore, compared with adenocarcinoma, ESCC could get more survival benefit from RT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Jia
- Department of Health Management
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - G Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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30
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Chong IY, Aronson L, Bryant H, Gulati A, Campbell J, Elliott R, Pettitt S, Wilkerson P, Lambros MB, Reis-Filho JS, Ramessur A, Davidson M, Chau I, Cunningham D, Ashworth A, Lord CJ. Mapping genetic vulnerabilities reveals BTK as a novel therapeutic target in oesophageal cancer. Gut 2018; 67:1780-1792. [PMID: 28830912 PMCID: PMC6145286 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oesophageal cancer is the seventh most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Disease relapse is frequent and treatment options are limited. DESIGN To identify new biomarker-defined therapeutic approaches for patients with oesophageal cancer, we integrated the genomic profiles of 17 oesophageal tumour-derived cell lines with drug sensitivity data from small molecule inhibitor profiling, identifying drug sensitivity effects associated with cancer driver gene alterations. We also interrogated recently described RNA interference screen data for these tumour cell lines to identify candidate genetic dependencies or vulnerabilities that could be exploited as therapeutic targets. RESULTS By integrating the genomic features of oesophageal tumour cell lines with siRNA and drug screening data, we identified a series of candidate targets in oesophageal cancer, including a sensitivity to inhibition of the kinase BTK in MYC amplified oesophageal tumour cell lines. We found that this genetic dependency could be elicited with the clinical BTK/ERBB2 kinase inhibitor, ibrutinib. In both MYC and ERBB2 amplified tumour cells, ibrutinib downregulated ERK-mediated signal transduction, cMYC Ser-62 phosphorylation and levels of MYC protein, and elicited G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, suggesting that this drug could be used to treat biomarker-selected groups of patients with oesophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS BTK represents a novel candidate therapeutic target in oesophageal cancer that can be targeted with ibrutinib. On the basis of this work, a proof-of-concept phase II clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of ibrutinib in patients with MYC and/or ERBB2 amplified advanced oesophageal cancer is currently underway (NCT02884453). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02884453; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Yushing Chong
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lauren Aronson
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Hanna Bryant
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - James Campbell
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Richard Elliott
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Stephen Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkerson
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Maryou B Lambros
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ian Chau
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Alan Ashworth
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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31
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Lin DC, Dinh HQ, Xie JJ, Mayakonda A, Silva TC, Jiang YY, Ding LW, He JZ, Xu XE, Hao JJ, Wang MR, Li C, Xu LY, Li EM, Berman BP, Phillip Koeffler H. Identification of distinct mutational patterns and new driver genes in oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Gut 2018; 67:1769-1779. [PMID: 28860350 PMCID: PMC5980794 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and adenocarcinoma (OAC) are distinct cancers in terms of a number of clinical and epidemiological characteristics, complicating the design of clinical trials and biomarker developments. We analysed 1048 oesophageal tumour-germline pairs from both subtypes, to characterise their genomic features, and biological and clinical significance. DESIGN Previously exome-sequenced samples were re-analysed to identify significantly mutated genes (SMGs) and mutational signatures. The biological functions of novel SMGs were investigated using cell line and xenograft models. We further performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq to characterise epigenetic alterations. RESULTS OSCC and OAC displayed nearly mutually exclusive sets of driver genes, indicating that they follow independent developmental paths. The combined sample size allowed the statistical identification of a number of novel subtype-specific SMGs, mutational signatures and prognostic biomarkers. Particularly, we identified a novel mutational signature similar to Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (COSMIC)signature 16, which has prognostic value in OSCC. Two newly discovered SMGs, CUL3 and ZFP36L2, were validated as important tumour-suppressors specific to the OSCC subtype. We further identified their additional loss-of-function mechanisms. CUL3 was homozygously deleted specifically in OSCC and other squamous cell cancers (SCCs). Notably, ZFP36L2 is associated with super-enhancer in healthy oesophageal mucosa; DNA hypermethylation in its super-enhancer reduced active histone markers in squamous cancer cells, suggesting an epigenetic inactivation of a super-enhancer-associated SCC suppressor. CONCLUSIONS These data comprehensively contrast differences between OSCC and OAC at both genomic and epigenomic levels, and reveal novel molecular features for further delineating the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment strategies for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chen Lin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Huy Q Dinh
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tiago Chedraoui Silva
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yan-Yi Jiang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Zhong He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jia-Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunquan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China,School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Benjamin P Berman
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore,National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
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Zheng Y, Fu S, He T, Yan Q, Di W, Wang J. Predicting prognosis in resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using a clinical nomogram and recursive partitioning analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018; 44:1199-1204. [PMID: 29784506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development demand of precise medicine in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) require to recognize patients at high risk treated by surgery alone. Thus, our aim was to construct a clinical nomogram and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) to predict long-term survival in ESCC treated by surgery alone. METHODS Based on the patients with ESCC who treated by three-incisional esophagectomy and two-field lymphadenectomy alone, we identified and integrated significant prognostic factors for survival to build a nomogram. The nomogram was calibrated for overall survival (OS) and the predictive accuracy and discriminative ability was measured by concordance index (c-index) and Akaike information criterion (AIC). Based on the nomogram, the RPA was performed for risk stratification. RESULTS A total of 747 patients were included for analysis. Five independent prognostic factors were identified and entered into the nomogram. The calibration curves for probability of 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS showed optimal agreement between nomogram prediction and actual observation. The AIC value of the nomogram was lower than that of the 7th edition staging system, whereas the c-index of the nomogram was higher than that of the 7th edition staging system. The risk groups stratified by RPA allowed significant distinction between survival curves within respective TNM categories. CONCLUSION The RPA based on a clinical nomogram appears to be suitable for risk stratification in OS for resected ESCC. This practical system may help clinicians in decision making and design of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shenshen Fu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tiancheng He
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qihang Yan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenyu Di
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Junye Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Yang H, Yu N, Xu J, Ding X, Deng W, Wu G, Li X, Hou Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Xue M, Yu S, Wang B, Li X, Niu G, Wang H, Zhu J, Zhuang T. SMURF1 facilitates estrogen receptor ɑ signaling in breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:24. [PMID: 29433542 PMCID: PMC5808446 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) is expressed in the majority of breast cancers and promotes estrogen-dependent cancer progression. ER alpha positive breast cancer can be well controlled by ER alpha modulators, such as tamoxifen. However, tamoxifen resistance is commonly observed by altered ER alpha signaling. Thus, further understanding of the molecular mechanisms, which regulates ER alpha signaling, is important to improve breast cancer therapy. METHODS SMURF1 and ER alpha protein expression levels were measured by western blot, while the ER alpha target genes were measured by real-time PCR. WST-1 assay was used to measure cell viability; the xeno-graft tumor model were used for in vivo study. RNA sequencing was analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Identification of ER alpha signaling was accomplished with luciferase assays, real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Protein stability assay and ubiquitin assay was used to detect ER alpha protein degradation. Immuno-precipitation based assays were used to detect the interaction domain between ER alpha and SMURF1. The ubiquitin-based Immuno-precipitation based assays were used to detect the specific ubiquitination manner happened on ER alpha. RESULTS Here, we identify the E3 ligase SMURF1 facilitates ER alpha signaling. We show that depletion SMURF1 decreases ER alpha positive cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. SMURF1 depletion based RNA-sequence data shows SMURF1 is necessary for ER alpha target gene expression in the transcriptomic scale. Immunoprecipitation indicates that SMURF1 associates with the N-terminal of ER alpha in the cytoplasm via its HECT domain. SMURF1 increases ER alpha stability, possibly by inhibiting K48-specific poly-ubiquitination process on ER alpha protein. Interestingly, SMURF1 expression could be induced via estradiol treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a novel positive feedback between SMURF1 and ER alpha signaling in supporting breast cancer growth. Targeting SMURF1 could be one promising strategy for ER alpha positive breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and targeted therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Juntao Xu
- Phil Rivers Technology (Beijing) Ltd, Beijing, China.,Department of Cancer genomics, LemonData biotech (Shenzhen) Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaosheng Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research & National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guojin Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and targeted therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiang Hou
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and targeted therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and targeted therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and targeted therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xue
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and targeted therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and targeted therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Gang Niu
- Phil Rivers Technology (Beijing) Ltd, Beijing, China. .,Department of Cancer genomics, LemonData biotech (Shenzhen) Ltd, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and targeted therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Xinxiang Medical University, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and targeted therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Ting Zhuang
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and targeted therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Xinxiang Medical University, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
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Cui XB, Tian YX, Chun CP, Peng H, Liu CX, Yang L, Hu JM, Xin HH, Chen X, Wang N, Wei YT, Yin LB, Chen YZ, Li F. Genome-wide screening for genomic aberrations in Kazakh patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer by comparative genomic hybridization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:427-437. [PMID: 31938128 PMCID: PMC6957937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple chromosome aberrations are responsible for tumorigenesis of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). To characterize genetic alterations by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and their relation to ESCC, We enrolled 54 members with ESCC from Kazakh's patients. We found that the deletions of 3p (P = 0.032), 17p (P = 0.004), 22q (P = 0.000) and gains of 5p (P = 0.000), 11q (P = 0.000) were significantly correlated with the location of tumors. Losses of 1p (P = 0.005), 3p (P = 0.006), 22q (P = 0.024) and gains of 3q (P = 0.043), 8q (P = 0.038), 18q (P = 0.046) were also found more frequently in patients with larger diameter disease. The loss of 19q (P = 0.005) and gains of l3q (P = 0.045), 18p (P = 0.018) were significantly correlated with pathologic grade. The gain of 7p (P = 0.009) and deletion of 19q (P = 0.018) were seen more frequently in patients with Grade III-IV tumors. Chromosome amplifications in ESCC at 1q (P = 0.008), 7p (P = 0.008), 8q (P = 0.018) and deletions at 3p (P = 0.021), 11q (P = 0.002), 17p (P = 0.012) were related to lymph node metastasis; the gains of 1q (P = 0.026) and 6q (P = 0.017) and the loss of 11q (P = 0.001) were significant in different isoforms of HPV infection. We identified some chromosomes in which the genes were related to the tumorgenesis of ESCC, which may be a theme for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Cui
- Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan-Xia Tian
- Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cai-Pu Chun
- Department of Pathology, Nongyishi HospitalAkesu, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chun-Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jian-Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hua-Hua Xin
- Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu-Tao Wei
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lai-Bo Yin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun-Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
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Kim HS, Lee SE, Bae YS, Kim DJ, Lee CG, Hur J, Chung H, Park JC, Shin SK, Lee SK, Lee YC, Kim HR, Shim YM, Jewell SS, Kim H, Choi YL, Cho BC. PIK3CA amplification is associated with poor prognosis among patients with curatively resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30691-701. [PMID: 27095573 PMCID: PMC5058710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and the prognostic impact of PIK3CA gene amplification in curatively resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Using 534 curatively resected ESCCs, the PIK3CA gene copy number was evaluated with fluorescent in situ hybridization. PIK3CA amplification was defined as PIK3CA/centromere 3 ratio is ≥ 2.0 or average number of PIK3CA signals/tumor cell nucleus ≥ 5.0. PIK3CA mutations in exon 9 and 20, encoding the highly conserved helical and kinase domains were assessed by direct sequencing in 388 cases. PIK3CA amplification was detected in 56 (10.5%) cases. PIK3CA amplification was significantly associated with higher T-stage (P=0.026) and pathologic stage (P=0.053). PIK3CA amplification showed a significantly shorter disease free survival (DFS) compared with that of non-amplified group (33.4 vs 63.1 months, P=0.019). After adjusting for gender, tumor location, pathologic stage, histologic grade and adjuvant treatment, PIK3CA amplification was significantly associated with a shorter DFS (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.53; 95% CI, 1.10-2.17; P=0.02). Though the statistical insignificance, PIK3CA amplification showed tendency of shorter OS (52.1 vs 96.5 moths, P=0.116). PIK3CA mutations were detected in 6 (1.5%) of 388 cases; 5 cases with exon 9 mutations in E545K while one exon 20 mutation in H1047L. PIK3CA amplification is a frequent oncogenic alteration and associated with shorter survival, suggesting its role as a prognostic biomarker in resected ESCC. PIK3CA amplification may represent a promising therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Song Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Geol Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kwan Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kil Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mog Shim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Susan S Jewell
- Abbott Molecular Laboratories, Des Plaines, IL, United States
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon La Choi
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wang D, Du L, Wang Z, Liu X, Qin Y, Wang Q, Yang Z, Yao Z, Shi M, Shang B, Jia Y, Chen H, Qiao L, Wang X, Xiao Z, Liu Z. Association of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene amplification with poor survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88857-88869. [PMID: 29179482 PMCID: PMC5687652 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether FGFR1 gene amplification is associated with clinicopathologic characteristics and its potential impact on survival in patients with resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Five hundred fifty-six ESCC patients undergoing curative resection of ESCC were retrospectively studied. FGFR1 gene copy number was determined in microarrayed tumor samples using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. FGFR1 gene amplification status was prespecified as copy number ≥ 6 or FGFR1/CEN 8 ratio ≥ 2.2. FGFR1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method followed by the log rank test. Correlation with survival was examined using multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS FGFR1 amplification was identified in 67 (12.1%) patients; these patients had significantly shorter OS (50.0 vs 32.0 months; log rank; P<0.001) as well as shorter DFS (47.0 vs 28.0 months; log rank; P<0.001) than those without FGFR1 amplification. Under a Cox proportional hazard model, FGFR1 amplification was associated with significantly shorter OS (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]=1.61; 95% CI, 1.10-2.43, P=0.004) and DFS (AHR=1.72; 95%CI, 1.15-2.48; P<0.001). Moreover, cases with high intratumoral FGFR1 expression showed significantly shorter OS and DFS than those with low FGFR1 expression. The frequency of FGFR1 amplification was significantly higher in heavy drinkers than in moderate and light drinkers. CONCLUSION FGFR1 amplification is an independent adverse prognostic factor in surgically resected ESCC. FGFR1 may be a promising therapeutic target in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Licheng Du
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yejun Qin
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiangxiu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhigang Yao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mo Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huaxia Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaohua Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenchuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Genomic comparison of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions by multi-region whole-exome sequencing. Nat Commun 2017; 8:524. [PMID: 28900112 PMCID: PMC5595870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous dysplasia is believed to be the precursor lesion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, the genetic evolution from dysplasia to ESCC remains poorly understood. Here, we applied multi-region whole-exome sequencing to samples from two cohorts, 45 ESCC patients with matched dysplasia and carcinoma samples, and 13 tumor-free patients with only dysplasia samples. Our analysis reveals that dysplasia is heavily mutated and harbors most of the driver events reported in ESCC. Moreover, dysplasia is polyclonal, and remarkable heterogeneity is often observed between tumors and their neighboring dysplasia samples. Notably, copy number alterations are prevalent in dysplasia and persist during the ESCC progression, which is distinct from the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The sharp contrast in the prevalence of the 'two-hit' event on TP53 between the two cohorts suggests that the complete inactivation of TP53 is essential in promoting the development of ESCC.The pathogenesis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a multi-step process but the genetic determinants behind this progression are unknown. Here the authors use multi-region exome sequencing to comprehensively investigate the genetic evolution of precursor dysplastic lesions and untransformed oesophagus.
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Lau MCC, Ng KY, Wong TL, Tong M, Lee TK, Ming XY, Law S, Lee NP, Cheung AL, Qin YR, Chan KW, Ning W, Guan XY, Ma S. FSTL1 Promotes Metastasis and Chemoresistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma through NFκB-BMP Signaling Cross-talk. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5886-5899. [PMID: 28883005 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a generally poor prognosis, and molecular markers to improve early detection and predict outcomes are greatly needed. Here, we report that the BMP-binding follistatin-like protein FSTL1 is overexpressed in ESCCs, where it correlates with poor overall survival. Genetic amplification of FSTL1 or chromosome 3q, where it is located, occurred frequently in ESCC, where FSTL1 copy number correlated positively with higher FSTL1 protein expression. Elevating FSTL1 levels by various means was sufficient to drive ESCC cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, invasion, self-renewal, and cisplatin resistance in vitro and tumorigenicity and distant metastasis in vivo Conversely, FSTL1 attenuation by shRNA or neutralizing antibody elicited the opposite effects in ESCC cells. mRNA profiling analyses suggested that FSTL1 drives ESCC oncogenesis and metastasis through various pathways, with deregulation of NFκB and BMP signaling figuring prominently. Cross-talk between the NFκB and BMP pathways was evidenced by functional rescue experiments using inhibitors of NFκB and TLR4. Our results establish the significance of FSTL1 in driving oncogenesis and metastasis in ESCC by coordinating NFκB and BMP pathway control, with implications for its potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker and as a candidate therapeutic target in this disease setting. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5886-99. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chi-Chung Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kai Yu Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tin Lok Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Man Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Terence K Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Yan Ming
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nikki P Lee
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Annie L Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yan-Ru Qin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kwok Wah Chan
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wen Ning
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Davidson MA, Shanks EJ. 3q26-29 Amplification in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a review of established and prospective oncogenes. FEBS J 2017; 284:2705-2731. [PMID: 28317270 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is significantly underrepresented in worldwide cancer research, yet survival rates for the disease have remained static for over 50 years. Distant metastasis is often present at the time of diagnosis, and is the primary cause of death in cancer patients. In the absence of routine effective targeted therapies, the standard of care treatment remains chemoradiation in combination with (often disfiguring) surgery. A defining characteristic of HNSCC is the amplification of a region of chromosome 3 (3q26-29), which is consistently associated with poorer patient outcome. This review provides an overview of the role the 3q26-29 region plays in HNSCC, in terms of both known and as yet undiscovered processes, which may have potential clinical relevance.
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Induction Therapy for Locally Advanced, Resectable Esophagogastric Cancer: A Phase I Trial of Vandetanib (ZD6474), Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Radiotherapy Followed by Resection. Am J Clin Oncol 2017; 40:393-398. [PMID: 26986978 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preoperative chemotherapy and radiation for localized esophageal cancer produces cure rates near 30% when combined with surgical resection. Vandetanib, a small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, RET, and EGFR, demonstrated synergy with radiation and chemotherapy in preclinical models. We conducted a phase I study to assess the safety and tolerability of vandetanib when combined with preoperative chemoradiation in patients with localized esophageal carcinoma who were surgical candidates. METHODS Patients with stage II-III esophageal and gastroesophageal junction carcinoma without prior therapy were enrolled in a 3+3 phase I design. Patients received once-daily vandetanib (planned dosing levels of 100, 200, and 300 mg) with concomitant daily radiotherapy (1.8 Gy/d, 45 Gy total) and chemotherapy, consisting of infusional 5-FU (225 mg/m/d over 96 h, weekly), paclitaxel (50 mg/m, days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29) and carboplatin (AUC of 5, days 1, 29). RESULTS A total 9 patients were enrolled with 8 having either distal esophageal or gastroesophageal junction carcinomas. All patients completed the planned preoperative chemoradiation and underwent esophagectomy. Nausea (44%) and anorexia (44%) were the most common acute toxicities of any grade. One grade 4 nonhematologic toxicity was observed (gastrobronchial fistula). One additional patient suffered a late complication, a fatal aortoenteric hemorrhage, not definitively related to the investigational regimen. Five (56%) patients achieved a pathologic complete response. Three (33%) additional patients had only microscopic residual disease. Five (56%) patients remain alive and disease free with a median follow-up of 3.7 years and median overall survival of 3.2 years. The maximum tolerated dose was vandetanib 100 mg/d. CONCLUSIONS Vandetanib at 100 mg daily is tolerable in combination with preoperative chemotherapy (5-FU, paclitaxel, carboplatin) and radiation therapy with encouraging efficacy worthy of future study.
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Xiong T, Wang M, Zhao J, Liu Q, Yang C, Luo W, Li X, Yang H, Kristiansen K, Roy B, Zhou Y. An esophageal squamous cell carcinoma classification system that reveals potential targets for therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:49851-49860. [PMID: 28591712 PMCID: PMC5564812 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ESCC (Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) is a heterogeneous cancer with diverse prognosis. Here, to explore the biological diversity of ESCC, we employed gene expression profiles from 360 ESCC tumors from East Asians to establish a comprehensive molecular classification and characterization of ESCC. Using the specific 185-gene signature generated by unsupervised consensus clustering of gene expression data, we defined four subtypes associated with distinct clinical metrics: tumors with high metastasis associated with EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and active MAP4K4/JNK signaling pathway; tumors with high chromosomal instability with up regulated MYC targes; well differentiated tumors with less aggressive and moderated tumors. The clinical relevance of these subtypes was stated by significant differences in prognosis. Importantly, 24% of all ESCCs (n = 360) were classified into the high metastasis subtype associated with poorly differentiation and unfavorable prognosis. We provided evidence that this subtype relates to tumor microenvironment. Collectively, these results might contribute to more precise personalized therapeutic strategies for each subtype of ESCC patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xiong
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Science, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Wen Luo
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Disseminated tumour cells with highly aberrant genomes are linked to poor prognosis in operable oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:725-733. [PMID: 28728164 PMCID: PMC5572184 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal instability (CIN) has repeatedly been identified as a prognostic marker. Here we evaluated the percentage of aberrant genome per cell (PAG) as a measure of CIN in single disseminated tumour cells (DTC) isolated from patients with operable oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), to assess the impact of CINhigh DTCs on prognosis. METHODS We isolated CK18positive DTCs from bone marrow (BM) or lymph node (LN) preparations of operable EAC patients. After whole-genome amplification, single DTCs were analysed for chromosomal gains and losses using metaphase-based comparative genomic hybridisation (mCGH). We calculated the PAG for each DTC and determined the critical threshold value that identifies high-risk patients by STEPP (Subpopulation Treatment Effect Pattern Plot) analysis in two independent EAC patient cohorts (cohort #1, n=44; cohort #2; n=29). RESULTS The most common chromosomal alterations observed among the DTCs were typical for EAC, but the DTCs showed a varying PAG between individual patients. Generally, LNDTCs displayed a significantly higher PAG than BMDTCs. STEPP analysis revealed an increasing PAG of DTCs to be correlated with an increased risk for short survival in two independent EAC cohorts as well as in the corresponding pooled analysis. In all three data sets (cohort #1, cohort #2 and pooled cohort), PAGhigh DTCs conferred an independent risk for a significantly decreased survival. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of PAG/CIN in solitary marker-positive DTCs identifies operable EAC patients with poor prognosis, indicating a more aggressive minimal residual disease.
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Miao JL, Liu RJ, Zhou JH, Meng SH. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Gene Amplification in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:2868-2872. [PMID: 27901003 PMCID: PMC5146797 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.194649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To review the prevalence and prognostic significance of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) amplification and to establish an association between FGFR1 amplification and the clinical characteristics of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Data Sources: We searched PubMed for English-language studies published between January 2010 and May 2016. Study Selection: We included all relevant articles, with no limitation of study design. Results: FGFR1 amplification was reported in 8.7–20.0% of NSCLC cases and was significantly more frequent in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (9.7–28.3%) than in adenocarcinomas (ADCs) (0–15.0%). The rates of FGFR1 amplification were as follows: males, 13.9–22.1%; females, 0–20.1%; Stage I NSCLC, 9.3–24.1%; Stage II NSCLC, 12.9–25.0%; Stage III NSCLC, 8.2–19.5%; Stage IV NSCLC, 0–12.5%; current smokers, 13.3–29.0%; former smokers, 2.5–23.0%; and nonsmokers, 0–22.2%. Overall survival was 43.9–70.8 months in patients with FGFR1 amplification and 42.4–115.0 months in patients with no FGFR1 amplification; disease-free survival was 22.5–58.5 months and 52.4–94.6 months, respectively. Conclusions: FGFR1 amplification is more frequent in SCCs than in ADCs. The association between FGFR1 amplification and clinical characteristics (gender, smoking status, and disease stage) and the prognostic significance of FGFR1 amplification in NSCLC remain controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Long Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Rui-Juan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Shu-Hua Meng
- Zouping County Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Binzhou, Shandong 256200, China
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Korphaisarn K, Loree JM, Nguyen V, Coulson R, Holla V, Litzenburger BC, Chen K, Mills GB, Maru DM, Meric-Bernstan F, Shaw KRM, Kopetz S. Genomic analysis of exceptional responder to regorafenib in treatment-refractory metastatic rectal cancer: a case report and review of the literature. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57882-57888. [PMID: 28915719 PMCID: PMC5593691 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 53-year-old male with metastatic rectal cancer who was treatment resistant to FOLFOX and FOLFOXIRI. Due to a Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation, regorafenib was given in the third line setting. Surprisingly, the patient had a prolonged partial response that lasted 27 months. Mutational status was extensively evaluated to identify potential alterations that might play a role as predictive markers for this unusual event. A poorly characterized but nontransforming mutation in Fms-like tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4) was present in the tumor. Prior to and at the time of clinical progression, we found amplification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), loss of the FLT4 mutation, and gain of KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) G961S suggesting potential roles in acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittiya Korphaisarn
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jonathan M Loree
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Van Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryanne Coulson
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vijaykumar Holla
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy (IPCT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Beate C Litzenburger
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy (IPCT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy (IPCT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy (IPCT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dipen M Maru
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstan
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy (IPCT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenna R Mills Shaw
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy (IPCT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Sun L, Cao J, Guo C, Burnett J, Yang Z, Ran Y, Sun D. Associations of carboxypeptidase 4 with ALDH1A1 expression and their prognostic value in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-5. [PMID: 28475748 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis because of early metastasis when diagnosed and recurrence after surgery. This study is aimed at investigating the expression of carboxypeptidaseA4 (CPA4) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumor tissues and analyzed their association and clinical significance. The expression of CPA4 and ALDH1A1 was determined by immunohistochemistry using the corresponding primary antibodies on two commercial tissue arrays. High level of CPA4 was observed in 87/150 (58%) ESCC samples and was significantly associated with histologic grade, lymph node metastasis, and TNM Classification of Esophageal cancer stage. The expression level of ALDH1A1 was much higher in ESCC than their corresponding normal epithelial tissues, with 66% positive rate. And, high levels of ALDH1A1 were significantly associated with lymph nodes metastasis (P < 0.05) and TNM stage (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed the expression level of CPA4 positively correlated with that of ALDH1A1 (r = 0.416, P < 0.01). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, either CPA4 or ALDH1A1 was significantly correlated with poor overall survival of ESCC patients. Multivariate Cox regression model showed that high expression of CPA4 was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients. In conclusion, our present study demonstrated for the first time that CPA4 might be used as an independent poor prognostic factor in ESCC. This study demonstrated for the first time that CPA4 was aberrantly expressed in ESCC tissues. Overexpression of CPA4 was closely associated with the putative cancer stem cell marker ALDH1A1 and might be used as an independent prognostic factor in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J Cao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - C Guo
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J Burnett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Z Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - D Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Repression of DOK7 mediated by DNMT3A promotes the proliferation and invasion of KYSE410 and TE-12 ESCC cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:93-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Tan B, Wang J, Song Q, Wang N, Jia Y, Wang C, Yao B, Liu Z, Zhang X, Cheng Y. Prognostic value of PAX9 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its prediction value to radiation sensitivity. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:806-816. [PMID: 28560390 PMCID: PMC5482201 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal paired box 9 (PAX9) expression is associated with tumorigenesis, cancer development, invasion and metastasis. The present study investigated the prognostic significance of PAX9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its role in predicting radiation sensitivity. A total of 52.8% (121/229) ESCC tissues were positive for PAX9. The 1-, 3- and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 72.2, 35.2 and 5.6%, respectively, and the overall survival (OS) rates were and 86.1, 44.4, and 23.1%, respectively, in PAX9-positive tumors. In PAX9-negative tumors, the one-, three- and five-year DFS rates were 76.9, 47.9 and 24.0%, and the OS rates were 90.9, 57.9 and 38.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that PAX9, differentiation, T stage, lymph node metastasis, and tumor-node-metastasis stage were associated with OS. Multivariate analysis of DFS and OS revealed that the hazard ratios for PAX9 were 0.624 (95% CI: 0.472–0.869, P=0.004) and 0.673 (95% CI: 0.491–0.922, P=0.014), respectively. Patients that received adjuvant therapy exhibited significant differences in the 5-year DFS (P<0.001) and OS (P<0.001). PAX9-positive ESCC patients who received post-surgery radiotherapy had a significantly greater 5-year DFS (P=0.011) and OS (P=0.009) than patients who received surgery only. Thus, PAX9 may be an independent prognostic factor for the surgical treatment of ESCC and a possible predictor of radiation sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxu Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qingxu Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Nana Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhulong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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He W, Roh E, Yao K, Liu K, Meng X, Liu F, Wang P, Bode AM, Dong Z. Targeting ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression. NPJ Precis Oncol 2017; 1:13. [PMID: 29872701 PMCID: PMC5859467 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-017-0014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the function of ornithine decarboxylase in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and test the effectiveness of anti-ornithine decarboxylase therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of ornithine decarboxylase in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and tissues using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Then we investigated the function of ornithine decarboxylase in ESCC cells by using shRNA and an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, difluoromethylornithine. To gather more supporting pre-clinical data, a human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patient-derived xenograft mouse model (C.B-17 severe combined immunodeficient mice) was used to determine the antitumor effects of difluoromethylornithine in vivo. Our data showed that the expression of the ornithine decarboxylase protein is increased in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with esophagitis or normal adjacent tissues. Polyamine depletion by ODC shRNA not only arrests esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells in the G2/M phase, but also induces apoptosis, which further suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell tumorigenesis. Difluoromethylornithine treatment decreases proliferation and also induces apoptosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and implanted tumors, resulting in significant reduction in the size and weight of tumors. The results of this study indicate that ornithine decarboxylase is a promising target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma therapy and difluoromethylornithine warrants further study in clinical trials to test its effectiveness against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Blocking an enzyme involved in the cellular synthesis of essential compounds called polyamines could help treat esophageal cancer. Zigang Dong from the University of Minnesota’s Hormel Institute, USA, and colleagues showed that this enzyme, called ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), is expressed at elevated levels in tumor tissues taken from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The researchers blocked ODC activity in esophageal cancer cells using either RNA interference techniques or a drug called difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). In both cases, the treatment suppressed further growth and induced cell death. DFMO treatment also reduced the size and weight of tumors in mice implanted with human patient-derived esophageal cancer tissue. The findings point DFMO, which is already used as a medication to treat African sleeping sickness and excessive hair growth, as a potential therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912 USA.,2The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China.,3Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Eunmiri Roh
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912 USA
| | - Ke Yao
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912 USA
| | - Kangdong Liu
- 3Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Xing Meng
- 3Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- 3Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Penglei Wang
- 3Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Ann M Bode
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912 USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912 USA.,3Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
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Neuzillet C, Rousseau B, Kocher H, Bourget P, Tournigand C. Unravelling the pharmacologic opportunities and future directions for targeted therapies in gastro-intestinal cancers Part 1: GI carcinomas. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 174:145-172. [PMID: 28223233 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Until the 1990s, cytotoxic chemotherapy has been the cornerstone of medical therapy for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Better understanding of the molecular biology of cancer cell has led to the therapeutic revolution of targeted therapies, i.e. monoclonal antibodies or small molecule inhibitors directed against proteins that are specifically overexpressed or mutated in cancer cells. These agents being more specific to cancer cells were expected to be less toxic than cytotoxic agents. Targeted agents have provided clinical benefit in many GI cancer types. For example, antiangiogenics and anti-EGFR therapies have significantly improved survival of patients affected by metastatic colorectal cancer and have deeply changed the therapeutic strategy in this disease. However, their effects have sometimes been disappointing, due to intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms (e.g., RAS mutation for anti-EGFR therapies), or to an activity restricted to some tumour settings (e.g., lack of activity in other cancer types, or on the microscopic residual disease in adjuvant setting). Many studies are negative in overall population but positive in some specific patient subgroups (e.g., trastuzumab in HER2-positive gastric cancer), illustrating the importance of patient selection and early identification of predictive biomarkers of response to these therapies. We propose a comprehensive two-part review providing a panoramic approach of the successes and failures of targeted agents in GI cancers to unravel the pharmacologic opportunities and future directions for these agents in GI oncology. In this first part, we will focus on adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, for which targeted therapies are mostly used in combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Neuzillet
- INSERM UMR1149, Bichat-Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP - PRES Paris 7 Diderot), 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, and 100 boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Est Créteil University (UPEC), 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France; Tumour Biology Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom; Barts and The London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, United Kingdom.
| | - Benoît Rousseau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Est Créteil University (UPEC), 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Hemant Kocher
- Tumour Biology Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom; Barts and The London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Bourget
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tournigand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Est Créteil University (UPEC), 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
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Integrated genomic characterization of oesophageal carcinoma. Nature 2017; 541:169-175. [PMID: 28052061 PMCID: PMC5651175 DOI: 10.1038/nature20805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1206] [Impact Index Per Article: 172.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oesophageal cancers are prominent worldwide; however, there are few targeted therapies and survival rates for these cancers remain dismal. Here we performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of 164 carcinomas of the oesophagus derived from Western and Eastern populations. Beyond known histopathological and epidemiologic distinctions, molecular features differentiated oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas from oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas resembled squamous carcinomas of other organs more than they did oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Our analyses identified three molecular subclasses of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, but none showed evidence for an aetiological role of human papillomavirus. Squamous cell carcinomas showed frequent genomic amplifications of CCND1 and SOX2 and/or TP63, whereas ERBB2, VEGFA and GATA4 and GATA6 were more commonly amplified in adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal adenocarcinomas strongly resembled the chromosomally unstable variant of gastric adenocarcinoma, suggesting that these cancers could be considered a single disease entity. However, some molecular features, including DNA hypermethylation, occurred disproportionally in oesophageal adenocarcinomas. These data provide a framework to facilitate more rational categorization of these tumours and a foundation for new therapies.
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