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Tahsin CT, Anselmo M, Lee E, Stokes W, Fonkoue IT, Vanden Noven ML, Carter JR, Keller-Ross ML. Sleep disturbance and sympathetic neural reactivity in postmenopausal females. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H752-H759. [PMID: 38214902 PMCID: PMC11221801 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00724.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance, one of the most common menopausal symptoms, contributes to autonomic dysfunction and is linked to hypertension and cardiovascular risk. Longitudinal studies suggest that hyperreactivity of blood pressure (BP) to a stressor can predict the future development of hypertension. It remains unknown if postmenopausal females who experience sleep disturbance (SDG) demonstrate greater hemodynamic and sympathetic neural hyperreactivity to a stressor. We hypothesized that postmenopausal females with reported sleep disturbance would exhibit increased hemodynamic and sympathetic reactivity to a stressor compared with postmenopausal females without sleep disturbance (non-SDG). Fifty-five postmenopausal females (age, 62 ± 4 yr old; SDG, n = 36; non-SDG; n = 19) completed two study visits. The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) was used to assess the presence of sleep disturbance (MENQOL sleep scale, ≥2 units). Beat-to-beat BP (finger plethysmography), heart rate (HR; electrocardiogram), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography; SDG, n = 25; non-SDG, n = 15) were continuously measured during a 10-min baseline and 2-min stressor (cold pressor test; CPT) in both groups. Menopause age and body mass index were similar between groups (P > 0.05). There were no differences between resting BP, HR, or MSNA (P > 0.05). HR and BP reactivity were not different between SDG and non-SDG (P > 0.05). In contrast, MSNA reactivity had a more rapid increase in the first 30 s of the CPT in the SDG (burst incidence, Δ10.2 ± 14.8 bursts/100 hb) compared with the non-SDG (burst incidence, Δ4.0 ± 14.8 bursts/100 hb, time × group, P = 0.011). Our results demonstrate a more rapid sympathetic neural reactivity to a CPT in postmenopausal females with perceived sleep disturbance, a finding that aligns with and advances recent evidence that sleep disturbance is associated with sympathetic neural hyperactivity in postmenopausal females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to demonstrate that muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to a cold pressor test is augmented in postmenopausal females with perceived sleep disturbance. The more rapid increase in MSNA reactivity during the cold pressor test in the sleep disturbance group was present despite similar increases in the perceived pain levels between groups. Baseline MSNA burst incidence and burst frequency, as well as blood pressure and heart rate, were similar between the sleep disturbance and nonsleep disturbance groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chowdhury Tasnova Tahsin
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Miguel Anselmo
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Emma Lee
- Division of Physical Therapy, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - William Stokes
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Ida T Fonkoue
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Division of Physical Therapy, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Marnie L Vanden Noven
- Department of Exercise Science, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jason R Carter
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
| | - Manda L Keller-Ross
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Division of Physical Therapy, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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Cohen H, Ephraim‐Oluwanuga OT, Akintunde OT, Gureje O, Matar MA, Todder D, Zohar J. The potential beneficial effect of sleep deprivation following traumatic events to preventing PTSD: Review of current insight regarding sleep, memory, and trauma resonating with ancient rituals-Àìsùn Oku (African) and Tsuya (Japanese). Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:2-11. [PMID: 36622038 PMCID: PMC10009425 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep figures in numerous ancient texts, for example, Epic of Gilgamesh, and has been a focus for countless mystical and philosophical texts. Even in the present century, sleep remains one of the most complex behaviors whose function still remains to be further explored. Current hypotheses suggest that among other functions, sleep contributes to memory processes. Memory is a core topic of study in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other stress-related phenomena. It is widely accepted that sleep plays a major role in the consolidation of newly encoded hippocampus-dependent memories to pre-existing knowledge networks. Conversely, sleep deprivation disrupts consolidation and impairs memory retrieval. Along this line, sleep deprivation following a potentially traumatic event may interfere with the consolidation of event-related memories and, thereby, may reduce long-term post-traumatic stress-related symptoms. This review consolidates clinical and animal studies on the relationships between sleep, sleep deprivation, memory processes, and trauma exposure while introducing new contemporary insights into an ancient African tribal ritual (Àìsùn Oku) and Japanese ceremony ritual (Tsuya). We propose that these findings, focusing specifically on the effects of sleep deprivation in the immediate aftermath of traumatic events, may be explored as a possible therapeutic measure. Along with a summary of the field questions on whether sleep is performed "to remember" or "to forget" we lay the rationale for using sleep deprivation as a clinical tool. A tool that may partially prevent the long-term persistence of these traumatic events' memory and thereby, at least partly, attenuating the development of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Cohen
- Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer‐Sheva Mental Health CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | | | - Orunmuyi T. Akintunde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of Health Sciences University of AbujaAbujaNigeria
| | - Michael A. Matar
- Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer‐Sheva Mental Health CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Doron Todder
- Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer‐Sheva Mental Health CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Post‐Trauma Center, Sheba Medical CenterTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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Sleep Loss Influences the Interconnected Brain-Body Regulation of Cardiovascular Function in Humans. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:34-41. [PMID: 36417580 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor sleep is associated with hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism(s) through which sleep loss affects cardiovascular health remains largely unknown, including the brain and body systems that regulate vascular function. METHODS Sixty-six healthy adults participated in a repeated-measures, crossover, experimental study involving assessments of cardiovascular function and brain connectivity after a night of sleep and a night of sleep deprivation. RESULTS First, sleep deprivation significantly increased blood pressure-both systolic and diastolic. Interestingly, this change was independent of any increase in heart rate, inferring a vasculature-specific rather than direct cardiac pathway. Second, sleep loss compromised functional brain connectivity within the vascular control network, specifically the insula, anterior cingulate, amygdala, and ventral and medial prefrontal cortices. Third, sleep loss-related changes in brain connectivity and vascular tone were not independent, but significantly interdependent, with changes within the vascular control brain network predicting the sleep-loss shift toward hypertension. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish an embodied framework in which sleep loss confers increased risk of cardiovascular disease through an impact upon central brain control of vascular tone, rather than a direct impact on accelerated heart rate itself.
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Sá Gomes e Farias AV, de Lima Cavalcanti MP, de Passos Junior MA, Vechio Koike BD. The association between sleep deprivation and arterial pressure variations: a systematic literature review. Sleep Med X 2022; 4:100042. [PMID: 35169694 PMCID: PMC8829775 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2022.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Arterial hypertension is a cardiovascular disease defined as a sustained high blood pressure, constituting an important risk factor for the development of heart diseases, such as coronary heart disease and heart failure. At the same time, pathophysiological pathways underlying sleeping deprivation provides biological plausibility for a causation connection between sleep deprivation and acute or chronic blood pressure elevation, such as the mechanism behind blood pressure dipping at night, which strongly relies on reduced sympathetic activity provided by sleep, besides empirical and clinical evidence suggesting that sleep disorders incidence is correlate with posterior development of arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to systematically review published studies analyzing the possible relationship between sleep deprivation and variations in blood pressure during nighttime and daytime. Methods The research was carried out in the second semester of 2020 following the PRISMA model and using the LILACS, MEDLINE and COCHRANE (CENTRAL) databases. The keywords used were associated using the Boolean method. Only trials and studies in humans unrelated to sleep apnea were included, in an attempt to answer the question proposed. Duplications and articles outside the topic were excluded. Results After the selection processes, fourteen studies were left, which were classified, depending on the findings, in four categories: 1) blood pressure differences only in sleep deprivation's night; 2) blood pressure differences only in the following day after sleep deprivation's night; 3) blood pressure differences in both nights and 4) those that found no blood pressure differences. Conclusion It was found an increase in blood pressure on the night of sleep deprivation, suggesting a possible causality with an acute increase in blood pressure depending on the population studied. In general, sleep deprivation is acutely associated with blood pressure elevation or acute elevation of markers that suggest the role of compensatory mechanisms, such as increased natriuresis and increased parasympathetic activity. Sleep deprivation results in increased simpathetic activity. Chronic sleep deprivation might lead to systemic arterial hypertension. Increased parasympathetic activity in acute sleep deprivation play a role as compensatory mechanism.
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Looze CD, Scarlett S, Newman L, Kenny RA. Sleep duration and disturbance are associated with orthostatic heart rate recovery: Findings from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Sleep Health 2022; 8:654-662. [PMID: 36216751 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine a novel measurement of autonomic innervation, the early heart rate response to orthostasis, in relation to sleep duration and disturbance (actigraphy-based and self-reported) in healthy older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses of a nationally representative prospective cohort study, the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). PARTICIPANTS Nine hundred sixty community-dwelling adults aged 50 and over (mean age 65.6 ± 8.1; 53% women). MEASUREMENT Orthostatic heart rate response was measured during an active stand test. Beat-to-beat heart rate was monitored over 3 minutes using noninvasive digital photoplethysmography. Mean values at each 10-second time point after standing were generated and differences from baseline at each time point were used for analysis. Actigraphy-based sleep measures were extracted from wrist-worn GENEactiv devices; self-reported sleep measures using interview questions. RESULTS Linear mixed-effects regression analyses, with inclusion of a large number of confounders, show that self-reported sleep duration and actigraphy-based sleep duration and disturbance were associated with altered orthostatic heart rate response, particularly within the first 20 seconds poststanding. Self-reported short sleep (β = -0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.11, -0.01) and long sleep (β = -0.15; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.05) and actigraphy-based short sleep (β = -0.08; 95% CI: -0.14, -0.01) were characterized by a smaller increase at 10 seconds (p < .01). Actigraphy-based short sleep (β = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.22) and sleep disturbance (β = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.06) were associated with a slower return toward baseline at 20 seconds (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest sympathetic dysregulation, impaired vagal reactivation, and/or decreased baroreceptor sensitivity in the presence of shortened or disturbed sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline De Looze
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Siobhan Scarlett
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Newman
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing (MISA), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Liu H, Yu X, Wang G, Han Y, Wang W. Effects of 24-h acute total sleep deprivation on physiological coupling in healthy young adults. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:952329. [PMID: 36161147 PMCID: PMC9493191 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.952329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is associated with dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, adverse cardiovascular events, cognitive and complex motor performance impairment. Less is known about the effects of acute total sleep deprivation (ATSD) on physiological coupling. We aimed to determine the effects of 24-h ATSD on the physiological coupling between complex subsystems by evaluating the cardiorespiratory, cardiovascular and cortico-cardiac interactions. This study enrolled 38 young healthy participants aged 23.2 ± 2.4 years. Multiple synchronous physiological signals including electrocardiography, photoplethysmography, bio-electrical impedance, electroencephalography, and continuous hemodynamic data, were performed over a baseline night after regular sleep and after a night with 24-h ATSD in the supine position. The magnitude squared coherence, phase synchronization index, and heartbeat evoked potential amplitudes, were obtained from 10-min synchronous physiological recordings to estimate the coupling strength between two time series. Parameters of hemodynamic characteristics and heart rate variability were also calculated to quantify autonomic regulation. Results indicated that the magnitude squared coherence (0.38 ± 0.17 vs. 0.29 ± 0.12, p = 0.015) between respiration and heart rate variability along with the magnitude squared coherence (0.36 ± 0.18 vs. 0.27 ± 0.13, p = 0.012) between respiration and pulse transit time were significantly decreased after 24-h ATSD. There were no significant differences (all p > 0.05) in phase synchronization indices, heartbeat evoked potential amplitudes as well as other analyzed measurements between baseline and 24-h ATSD states. We conclude that exposure to 24-h ATSD appears to weaken the cardiorespiratory and respiratory-cardiovascular coupling strength of young healthy adults. These findings suggest that physiological coupling analysis may serve as a complementary approach for characterizing and understanding the complex effects of sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Liu
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyun Liu,
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guojing Wang
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Han
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
- Weidong Wang,
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Papadakis Z, Forsse JS, Peterson MN. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Acute Partial Sleep Deprivation on Cardiac Autonomic Modulation. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2021; 92:824-842. [PMID: 32841103 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1788206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation in healthy adults has been associated with disrupted autonomic nervous system function, which in turn has been linked to cardiovascular health. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) may affect both sleep and cardiac autonomic modulation. Purpose: To investigate the impact of acute partial sleep deprivation on autonomic cardiac regulation before and after an acute bout of HIIE and the length of time for the autonomic system to return to resting levels. Methods: Fifteen healthy males with body mass index (BMI) of 25.8 ± 2.7 kg·m-2 and age 31 ± 5 y participated in a reference sleep (~9.5 hr) with no HIIE (RS), a reference sleep with HIIE (RSX), and an acute partial sleep deprivation (~3.5 hr) with HIIE (SDX). HIIE was performed in 3:2 intervals at 90% and 40% of VO2 reserve. Autonomic regulation through HRV selected time and frequency domain indices were recorded the night before, the morning of the next day, 1 hr-, 2 hr-, 4hr-, and 6-hr post-exercise. Results: HIIE performed in a 3:2 W:R ratio decreased the HRV (p < .05) at 1-hr post exercise and it took up to 4 hr to return to baseline levels. Parasympathetic related HRV indices increased the morning of the next day for SDX (p < .05). Acute partial sleep deprivation and HIIE did not modify the HRV responses compared to reference sleep and HIIE. Conclusion: HRV disturbance typically seen in responses to an acute episode of HIIE is not influenced by acute partial sleep deprivation.
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Summers SJ, Keegan RJ, Flood A, Martin K, McKune A, Rattray B. The Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale: Assessing Predictive and Concurrent Validation. Front Psychol 2021; 12:738519. [PMID: 34630249 PMCID: PMC8498198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To complement and enhance readiness-monitoring capability, the Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale (ARMS) was developed: a widely applicable, simple psychometric measure of perceived readiness. While this tool may have widespread utility in sport and military settings, it remains unknown if the ARMS demonstrates predictive and concurrent validity. Here, we investigated whether the ARMS is: (1) responsive to an acute manipulation of readiness using sleep deprivation, (2) relates to biological markers of readiness [cortisol/heart-rate variability (HRV)], and (3) predicts performance on a cognitive task. Thirty young adults (aged 23 ± 4 years; 18 females) participated. All participants engaged in a 24-h sleep deprivation protocol. Participants completed the ARMS, biological measures of readiness (salivary cortisol, HRV), and cognitive performance measures (psychomotor vigilance task) before, immediately after, 24-, and 48-h post-sleep deprivation. All six of the ARMS subscales changed in response to sleep deprivation: scores on each subscale worsened (indicating reductions in perceived readiness) immediately after sleep deprivation, returning to baseline 24/48 h post. Lower perceived readiness was associated with reduced awakening responses in cortisol and predicted worse cognitive performance (slower reaction time). No relationship was observed between the ARMS and HRV, nor between any biological markers of readiness (cortisol/HRV) and cognitive performance. These data suggest that the ARMS may hold practical utility in detecting, or screening for, the wide range of deleterious effects caused by sleep deprivation; may constitute a quick, cheap, and easily interpreted alternative to biological measures of readiness; and may be used to monitor or mitigate potential underperformance on tasks requiring attention and vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Summers
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR) Lab, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Richard J Keegan
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew Flood
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kristy Martin
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew McKune
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ben Rattray
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Westphal WP, Rault C, Robert R, Ragot S, Neau JP, Fernagut PO, Drouot X. Sleep deprivation reduces vagal tone during an inspiratory endurance task in humans. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab105. [PMID: 33895822 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep deprivation alters inspiratory endurance by reducing inspiratory motor output. Vagal tone is involved in exercise endurance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on vagal tone adaptation in healthy subjects performing an inspiratory effort. METHODS Vagal tone was assessed using Heart Rate Variability normalized units of frequency domain component HF (high frequency) before, at the start, and the end of an inspiratory loading trial performed until exhaustion by 16 volunteers after one night of sleep deprivation and one night of normal sleep, where sleep deprivation reduced the inspiratory endurance by half compared to the normal sleep condition (30 min vs 60 min). RESULTS At rest, heart rate was similar in sleep deprivation and normal sleep conditions. In normal sleep condition, heart rate increased during inspiratory loading task; this increase was greater in sleep deprivation condition. In normal sleep condition, vagal tone increased at the beginning of the trial. This vagal tone increase was absent in sleep deprivation condition. CONCLUSIONS Sleep deprivation abolished vagal tone response to inspiratory load, possibly contributing to a higher heart rate during the trial and to a reduced inspiratory endurance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02725190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy-Paul Westphal
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Team Neurodevelopment Neuroadaptation Neurodegeneration, Poitiers, France
| | - Christophe Rault
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - René Robert
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - Stéphanie Ragot
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Neau
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Team Neurodevelopment Neuroadaptation Neurodegeneration, Poitiers, France
| | - Xavier Drouot
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Team Neurodevelopment Neuroadaptation Neurodegeneration, Poitiers, France
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Thielmann B, Schierholz RS, Böckelmann I. Subjective and Objective Consequences of Stress in Subjects with Subjectively Different Sleep Quality-A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9990. [PMID: 34639292 PMCID: PMC8507959 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18199990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restful sleep plays an important role in long-term health and occupational safety. Heart rate variability (HRV) is used as stress indicator. The aim of this study was to determine whether HRV at rest or during sleep, as an objective indicator of stress, reflects subjectively assessed sleep quality. METHODS 84 subjects (37.3 ± 15.6 years) were classified into good sleepers and poor sleepers based on the results of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The cut-off value to distinguish between good and bad sleepers recommended by Buysse et al. 1989 is >5. Mental health status was determined using the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A 24 h electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded for HRV analysis (total and 6 h night phase). RESULTS The poor sleepers showed a significantly lower mental health status (p = 0.004). The multifactorial variance analysis of the total phase time parameters Min HR (p = 0.032, η2 = 0.056) and SI (p = 0.015, η2 = 0.072) showed significant interaction effects. In the 6h night phase, significant interaction effects were found for SDNN (p = 0.036, η2 = 0.065) and SD2 (p = 0.033, η2 = 0.067). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between HRV and stress and a positive correlation between HRV and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Although this study did not demonstrate a direct relationship between sleep quality and HRV, it was shown that there are important connections between sleep quality and mental health, and between HRV and mental health.
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Majeed F, Latif R, Latif A, Bibi R. Sleep Patterns and Their Association with Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Young Saudi Females. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2021; 21:394-402. [PMID: 34522404 PMCID: PMC8407915 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.4.2021.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Disturbed sleep patterns might alter the autonomic tone and lead to various cardiovascular morbidities. This study aimed to determine sleep patterns (quality, duration, efficiency and daytime sleepiness) and explore their association with blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in apparently healthy, young Saudi females. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia between March 2019 and December 2019. Self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires were used to collect data. In addition, the participants’ BP and HRV was measured. Based on the cut-off values of sleep quality, duration, efficiency and daytime sleepiness scores, participants were categorised into groups. HRV and BP were compared between the groups by a t-test/one-way ANOVA. Results A total of 98 participants were included in this study (response rate: 72.6%). Poor sleep patterns (quality, duration and efficiency) were observed, but no association was found with BP and HRV parameters among groups with different sleep quality, duration and efficiency. Systolic BP was significantly increased in the moderate to severe daytime sleepiness group (P = 0.039). Dozing off as a passenger in a car, in the afternoon and after lunch were negatively correlated with HRV parameters (P <0.05). Conclusion Sleep quality, duration and efficiency were not found to be statistically significant, but various dozing-off situations were associated with fluctuations in HRV parameters. Daytime sleepiness may augment sympathetic responses in apparently healthy female participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Majeed
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Latif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamna Latif
- Department of Hematology, Temar Diagnostics, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rehma Bibi
- Department of Surgery, Doctors Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
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Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Feeling NR, Jarczok MN, Quintana DS, Koenig J, Sannita WG. Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and the Autonomic Nervous System. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, Polyclinic Hospital San Martino IRCCS, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Department of Medical and Surgery, Neuroscience, Rehabilitation – Continuity of Care, Neurophysiology Center, Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicole R. Feeling
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marc N. Jarczok
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Quintana
- Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Julian Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter G. Sannita
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, Polyclinic Hospital San Martino IRCCS, University of Genova, Italy
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Blood pressure, autonomic stress, and inflammatory markers during sleep deprivation and recovery in healthy men. Anatol J Cardiol 2020; 25:407-413. [PMID: 34100728 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2020.42205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent community-based studies have identified sleep deprivation (SD) as an important modifiable risk factor for hypertension However, the underlying mechanisms linking SD to hypertension remain elusive. Thus, this study investigates blood pressure (BP) responses to cardiac autonomic stress tests in the presence of SD. Furthermore, we analyzed vascular inflammatory biomarkers as a possible underlying factor linking SD to increased BP. METHODS Ten healthy male volunteers (age, 21.6±1.2 years) underwent repeated autonomic stress tests for three consecutive days (baseline, SD, and recovery). The autonomic stress tests included the Valsalva maneuver, mental arithmetic, isometric handgrip, and cold pressor tests. Each day, resting BPs were measured, venous blood samples were collected for intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and E-selectin measurements, and stress tests were performed between 0900 and 1100. Ambulatory BP was recorded during the entire SD period (24 h). RESULTS One-night SD abolished BP reactivity to the Valsalva maneuver, isometric hand grip, and cold pressor tests, which returned after recovery sleep. Ambulatory BP monitoring showed that the mean systolic and diastolic BPs were 121.1±8.5 mm Hg and 72.8±6.3 mm Hg, respectively, between 0700 and 2300 and 120.3±9.6 mm Hg and 74.1±6.1 mm Hg, respectively, between 2300 and 0700 during the SD day (p>0.05 for both). Vascular inflammatory markers seemed unrelated to BP changes. CONCLUSION Acute SD altered BP responses to cardiac autonomic stress tests in healthy men without affecting resting BP levels. SD led to a non-dipping pattern in BP oscillation. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of sleep in regulating BP.
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Słomko J, Zawadka-Kunikowska M, Kozakiewicz M, Klawe JJ, Tafil-Klawe M, Newton JL, Zalewski P. Hemodynamic, Autonomic, and Vascular Function Changes after Sleep Deprivation for 24, 28, and 32 Hours in Healthy Men. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:1138-1142. [PMID: 30328330 PMCID: PMC6192892 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.9.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the impact of sleep deprivation (SD) on cardiac, hemodynamic, and endothelial parameters and to determine whether these are sustained with increased periods of SD. The study included 60 healthy men (mean: age 31.2±6.3 years; body mass index 24.6±2.6 kg/m²). Hemodynamic parameters, parameters of myocardial contractility, spectral analysis of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) variability, and the sensitivity of arterial baroreflex function were evaluated. Biochemical tests were performed to assess L-arginine (L-Arg) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in reflection of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ability. Measurements of cardiovascular system parameters were obtained at 9 a.m. (baseline) on the first day of the study and 9 a.m. (24-h SD), 1 p.m. (28-h SD), and 5 p.m. (32-h SD) on the second day. Blood samples for evaluating biochemical parameters were obtained at baseline and after 24-h SD. ANOVA Friedman's test revealed a significant effect for time in relation to HR (χ²=26.04, df=5, p=0.000), systolic BP (χ²=35.98, df=5, p=0.000), diastolic BP (χ²=18.01, df=5, p=0.003), and mean BP (χ²=28.32, df=5, p=0.000). L-Arg and ADMA levels changed from 78.2±12.9 and 0.3±0.1 at baseline to 68.8±10.2 and 0.4±0.1 after 24-hr SD, respectively (p=0.001, p=0.004). SD in healthy men is associated with increases in BP, which appear to occur after 24 hours of SD and are maintained over increasing periods of SD. The observed hemodynamic changes may have resulted due to disordered vascular endothelial function, as reflected in alterations in L-Arg and ADMA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Słomko
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Monika Zawadka-Kunikowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jacek J Klawe
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tafil-Klawe
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Julia L Newton
- Institute for Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Paweł Zalewski
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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15
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Słomko J, Zawadka-Kunikowska M, Kujawski S, Klawe JJ, Tafil-Klawe M, Newton JL, Zalewski P. Do Changes in Hemodynamic Parameters Depend Upon Length of Sleep Deprivation? Comparison Between Subjects With Normal Blood Pressure, Prehypertension, and Hypertension. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1374. [PMID: 30356818 PMCID: PMC6190849 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the study was to analyze the impact of sleep deprivation upon hemodynamic and autonomic parameters in subjects with normal blood pressure (BP) compared to prehypertension and hypertension at 24, 28, and 32 h of total sleep deprivation (TSD). Thirty volunteers, healthy men with current medical tests indicating the absence of disease took part in the study. After physical examination (basic neurological, clinical examination, echocardiography and doppler ultrasound of the renal arteries, evaluation of the autonomic nervous system) subjects were divided into three groups: I – normotensive, II – pre-hypertensive, III – hypertensive (age: 31.2 ± 2.1 vs. 33.5 ± 2.7 vs. 36.8 ± 2.7 years, p > 0.05; BMI: 25.2 ± 0.8 vs. 29.0 ± 1.5 vs. 26.4 ± 1.0 kg/m2, p > 0.05). Hemodynamic and autonomic parameters were automatically measured at rest and in a tilted position with a Task Force Monitor. The Task Force Monitor consists of electrocardiography, impedance cardiography, oscillometric, and continuous BP measurement. Mixed models with random effects was applied in order to analyze the parameters’ dependence on the time and the group of patients. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test were used to detect differences between normotensive, pre-hypertensive and hypertensive groups in each time point. In the pre-hypertensive group 28-h TSD resulted in increased vagal outflow [changes in high frequency heart rate (HR) variability, p = 0.0189], as evidenced by decreased HR (p = 0.0293). Moreover after 24-h TSD and 28-h TSD we observed changes in BP parameters. In hypertensive group, the most important changes in hemodynamic parameters: systolic blood pressure (sBP, p = 0.0031), diastolic blood pressure (dBP, p = 0.0136), cardiac output (CO, p = 0.0439) and changes in HR (p = 0.0063) after tilt test were observed after 32-h TSD. In conclusion, our results show that changes in hemodynamic parameters during sleep deprivation depend on the baseline BP and duration of TSD. What is important, both groups reported a decrease of sBP and dBP during the TSD (pre-hypertensive group after 24, 28-h TSD; hypertensive group after 32-h TSD. In our opinion, this is the first study which considers three homogenous groups in terms of gender: only men, during different points of acute TSD: 24, 28, and 32 h of TSD in laboratory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Słomko
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Monika Zawadka-Kunikowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kujawski
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jacek J Klawe
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tafil-Klawe
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Julia L Newton
- Institute for Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paweł Zalewski
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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van Leeuwen WMA, Sallinen M, Virkkala J, Lindholm H, Hirvonen A, Hublin C, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Härmä M. Physiological and autonomic stress responses after prolonged sleep restriction and subsequent recovery sleep in healthy young men. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2017; 16:45-54. [PMID: 29367834 PMCID: PMC5754428 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-017-0122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Sleep restriction is increasingly common and associated with the development of health problems. We investigated how the neuroendocrine stress systems respond to prolonged sleep restriction and subsequent recovery sleep in healthy young men. Methods After two baseline (BL) nights of 8 h time in bed (TIB), TIB was restricted to 4 h per night for five nights (sleep restriction, SR, n = 15), followed by three recovery nights (REC) of 8 h TIB, representing a busy workweek and a recovery weekend. The control group (n = 8) had 8 h TIB throughout the experiment. A variety of autonomic cardiovascular parameters, together with salivary neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cortisol levels, were assessed. Results In the control group, none of the parameters changed. In the experimental group, heart rate increased from 60 ± 1.8 beats per minute (bpm) at BL, to 63 ± 1.1 bpm after SR and further to 65 ± 1.8 bpm after REC. In addition, whole day low-frequency to-high frequency (LF/HF) power ratio of heart rate variability increased from 4.6 ± 0.4 at BL to 6.0 ± 0.6 after SR. Other parameters, including salivary NPY and cortisol levels, remained unaffected. Conclusions Increased heart rate and LF/HF power ratio are early signs of an increased sympathetic activity after prolonged sleep restriction. To reliably interpret the clinical significance of these early signs of physiological stress, a follow-up study would be needed to evaluate if the stress responses escalate and lead to more unfavourable reactions, such as elevated blood pressure and a subsequent elevated risk for cardiovascular health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel M A van Leeuwen
- 1Department of Physiology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,2Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A 00250 Helsinki, Finland.,3Division for Sleep and Alertness Research, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sallinen
- 2Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A 00250 Helsinki, Finland.,4Agora Centre, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jussi Virkkala
- 2Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A 00250 Helsinki, Finland.,5Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, PO Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Lindholm
- 6Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Hirvonen
- 6Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christer Hublin
- 2Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen
- 1Department of Physiology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Härmä
- 2Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A 00250 Helsinki, Finland
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Posada-Quintero HF, Bolkhovsky JB, Reljin N, Chon KH. Sleep Deprivation in Young and Healthy Subjects Is More Sensitively Identified by Higher Frequencies of Electrodermal Activity than by Skin Conductance Level Evaluated in the Time Domain. Front Physiol 2017; 8:409. [PMID: 28676763 PMCID: PMC5476732 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed multiple measures of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) based on electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate variability (HRV) for young healthy subjects undergoing 24-h sleep deprivation. In this study, we have utilized the error awareness test (EAT) every 2 h (13 runs total), to evaluate the deterioration of performance. EAT consists of trials where the subject is presented words representing colors. Subjects are instructed to press a button (“Go” trials) or withhold the response if the word presented and the color of the word mismatch (“Stroop No-Go” trial), or the screen is repeated (“Repeat No-Go” trials). We measured subjects' (N = 10) reaction time to the “Go” trials, and accuracy to the “Stroop No-Go” and “Repeat No-Go” trials. Simultaneously, changes in EDA and HRV indices were evaluated. Furthermore, the relationship between reactiveness and vigilance measures and indices of sympathetic control based on HRV were analyzed. We found the performance improved to a stable level from 6 through 16 h of deprivation, with a subsequently sustained impairment after 18 h. Indices of higher frequencies of EDA related more to vigilance measures, whereas lower frequencies index (skin conductance leve, SCL) measured the reactiveness of the subject. We conclude that indices of EDA, including those of the higher frequencies, termed TVSymp, EDASymp, and NSSCRs, provide information to better understand the effect of sleep deprivation on subjects' autonomic response and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey B Bolkhovsky
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of ConnecticutStorrs, CT, United States
| | - Natasa Reljin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of ConnecticutStorrs, CT, United States
| | - Ki H Chon
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of ConnecticutStorrs, CT, United States
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18
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Quintana DS, Elvsåshagen T, Zak N, Norbom LB, Pedersen PØ, Quraishi SH, Bjørnerud A, Malt UF, Groote IR, Kaufmann T, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Diurnal Variation and Twenty-Four Hour Sleep Deprivation Do Not Alter Supine Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Male Young Adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170921. [PMID: 28151944 PMCID: PMC5289546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) has become an increasingly popular index of cardiac autonomic control in the biobehavioral sciences due to its relationship with mental illness and cognitive traits. However, the intraindividual stability of HRV in response to sleep and diurnal disturbances, which are commonly reported in mental illness, and its relationship with executive function are not well understood. Here, in 40 healthy adult males we calculated high frequency HRV—an index of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity—using pulse oximetry during brain imaging, and assessed attentional and executive function performance in a subsequent behavioral test session at three time points: morning, evening, and the following morning. Twenty participants were randomly selected for total sleep deprivation whereas the other 20 participants slept as normal. Sleep deprivation and morning-to-night variation did not influence high frequency HRV at either a group or individual level; however, sleep deprivation abolished the relationship between orienting attention performance and HRV. We conclude that a day of wake and a night of laboratory-induced sleep deprivation do not alter supine high frequency HRV in young healthy male adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Quintana
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathalia Zak
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn B. Norbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Ø. Pedersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophia H. Quraishi
- Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Atle Bjørnerud
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrik F. Malt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge R. Groote
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation Causes Cardiac Dysfunction and the Impairment Is Attenuated by Resistance Training. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167029. [PMID: 27880816 PMCID: PMC5120843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paradoxical sleep deprivation activates the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, subsequently interfering with the cardiovascular system. The beneficial effects of resistance training are related to hemodynamic, metabolic and hormonal homeostasis. We hypothesized that resistance training can prevent the cardiac remodeling and dysfunction caused by paradoxical sleep deprivation. Methods Male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: control (C), resistance training (RT), paradoxical sleep deprivation for 96 hours (PSD96) and both resistance training and sleep deprivation (RT/PSD96). Doppler echocardiograms, hemodynamics measurements, cardiac histomorphometry, hormonal profile and molecular analysis were evaluated. Results Compared to the C group, PSD96 group had a higher left ventricular systolic pressure, heart rate and left atrium index. In contrast, the left ventricle systolic area and the left ventricle cavity diameter were reduced in the PSD96 group. Hypertrophy and fibrosis were also observed. Along with these alterations, reduced levels of serum testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), as well as increased corticosterone and angiotensin II, were observed in the PSD96 group. Prophylactic resistance training attenuated most of these changes, except angiotensin II, fibrosis, heart rate and concentric remodeling of left ventricle, confirmed by the increased of NFATc3 and GATA-4, proteins involved in the pathologic cardiac hypertrophy pathway. Conclusions Resistance training effectively attenuates cardiac dysfunction and hormonal imbalance induced by paradoxical sleep deprivation.
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Abstract
Inadequate sleep is increasingly pervasive, and the impact on health remains to be fully understood. The cardiovascular consequences alone appear to be substantial. This review summarizes epidemiologic evidence regarding the association between extremes of sleep duration and the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The adverse effects of experimental sleep loss on physiological functions are discussed, along with cardiovascular risk factors that may underlie the association with increased morbidity and mortality. Current data support the concept that inadequate sleep duration confers heightened cardiovascular risk. Thus implementation of preventative strategies may reduce the potential disease burden associated with this high-risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Covassin
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Prachi Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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21
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Bidirectional interactions between the baroreceptor reflex and arousal: an update. Sleep Med 2015; 16:210-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Virtanen I, Kalleinen N, Urrila AS, Leppänen C, Polo-Kantola P. Cardiac autonomic changes after 40 hours of total sleep deprivation in women. Sleep Med 2015; 16:250-7. [PMID: 25634644 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of total sleep deprivation on heart rate variability (HRV) in groups of postmenopausal women on oral hormone therapy (HT) (on-HT, n = 10, 64.2 (1.4) years), postmenopausal women without HT (off-HT, n = 10, 64.6 (1.4) years) and young women (n = 11, 23.1 (0.5) years) was studied using a prospective case-control setup. METHODS Polysomnography was performed over an adaptation night, a baseline night, and a recovery night after 40 h of total sleep deprivation. Time and frequency domain and nonlinear HRV from overnight electrocardiogram recordings were compared between groups during baseline and recovery nights. Further, the changes in HRV from baseline to recovery were analysed and compared between groups. Finally, correlations of HRV to percentages of sleep stages and measures of sleep fragmentation were analysed during baseline and recovery. RESULTS Young women had higher HRV than older women; the most marked difference was between young and on-HT postmenopausal women. Sleep deprivation induced a decrease in frequency domain HRV in young and in off-HT women, an increase in α2 in off-HT women, and an increase in mean heart rate in on-HT women. The sleep deprivation effect was mainly uncorrelated to changes in sleep parameters. CONCLUSIONS Acute total sleep deprivation has a deleterious effect on the autonomic nervous system in young women, but an even more pronounced effect in postmenopausal women. Hormone therapy use in late postmenopause does not give protection against these changes. These harmful effects may partly explain the increased cardiovascular morbidity and overall mortality associated with sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Virtanen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, TYKS-SAPA, Hospital District of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland; Sleep Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Nea Kalleinen
- Sleep Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Cardiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Cardiology, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Anna S Urrila
- Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecilia Leppänen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, TYKS-SAPA, Hospital District of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Polo-Kantola
- Sleep Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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23
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Ulu SM, Ahsen A, Akcı Ö, Yaman F, Demir K, Yaman G, Yüksel Ş, Acartürk G. The relationship between dipping-non-dipping arterial blood pressure pattern and frequency of restless leg syndrome with related factors. Anatol J Cardiol 2014; 15:284-8. [PMID: 25413225 PMCID: PMC5336836 DOI: 10.5152/akd.2014.5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The lack of nocturnal decline in blood pressure (BP) is associated with an increase in cardiovascular events. Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is an uncomfortable feeling in which the patient wants to budge the legs with ache in the legs. RLS also increases the hypertension and cardiovascular risk. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between dipping and non-dipping blood pressure patterns with RLS and its severity. Methods: Two hundred patients who had 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) were enrolled into this cross-sectional study. They were classified by blood pressure pattern as dipping and non-dipping. Then, 100 patients with the dipper pattern and 100 patients with the non-dipper pattern were chosen. A questionnaire for RLS diagnosis that was prepared by the International RLS Study Group was given performed to the patients. Results: RLS symptom score was higher in patients with non-dipping blood pressure patterns (NDBPP), and patients with NDBPP had more severe RLS. Beside this, there were no differences in terms of RLS frequency in dipping and non-dipping blood pressure patterns. Conclusion: As a conclusion, dipping and non-dipping blood pressure patterns do not increase RLS risk. But, if patients with NDBPP have RLS, they have more severe RLS. So, we suggest that evaluating a patient with a non-dipping blood pressure pattern, considering RLS, would be helpful to ameliorate the quality of life of the patient
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Memnune Ulu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University; Afyonkarahisar-Turkey.
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Almeida FR, Perry JC, Futuro-Neto HA, Almeida VR, Sebastião RM, Andersen ML, Tufik S, Campos RR, Bergamaschi CT. Cardiovascular function alterations induced by acute paradoxical sleep deprivation in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2014; 36:567-71. [PMID: 24678694 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2014.881843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep loss has been implicated in triggering the hypertension. The goal of the present study was investigated the possible mechanisms underlying cardiovascular alterations after acute paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD). Male Wistar rats were assigned in two experimental groups: (1) control and (2) PSD for 24 h using the modified single platform method. Paradoxical sleep deprived rats exhibited higher blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and impaired baroreceptor sensitivity. After pharmacological autonomic double blockade (propranolol and methylatropine administration), intrinsic heart rate was decreased after PSD. The PSD rats showed a reduction in the vagal tone without affecting sympathetic tone. Isoproterenol administration (0.001, 0.01 and 1 µg/kg) induced an increase in ΔHR responses in PSD group. Electrocardiographic analysis in response to β-adrenergic stimulation indicated that PSD contributed to ventricular cardiac arrhythmias. Our findings suggest that acute paradoxical sleep loss induce cardiovascular alterations, autonomic imbalance accompanied by impaired baroreflex sensitivity and increased arrhythmia susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Almeida
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , SP , Brazil
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Pepin JL, Borel AL, Tamisier R, Baguet JP, Levy P, Dauvilliers Y. Hypertension and sleep: overview of a tight relationship. Sleep Med Rev 2014; 18:509-19. [PMID: 24846771 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic cardiovascular control changes across sleep stages. Thus, blood pressure (BP), heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance progressively decrease in non-rapid eye movement sleep. Any deterioration in sleep quality or quantity may be associated with an increase in nocturnal BP which could participate in the development or poor control of hypertension. In the present report, sleep problems/disorders, which impact either the quality or quantity of sleep, are reviewed for their interaction with BP regulation and their potential association with prevalent or incident hypertension. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, sleep duration/deprivation, insomnia, restless legs syndrome and narcolepsy are successively reviewed. Obstructive sleep apnea is clearly associated with the development of hypertension that is only slightly reduced by continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Shorter and longer sleep durations are associated with prevalent or incident hypertension but age, gender, environmental exposures and ethnic differences are clear confounders. Insomnia with objective short sleep duration, restless legs syndrome and narcolepsy may impact BP control, needing additional studies to establish their impact in the development of permanent hypertension. Addressing sleep disorders or sleep habits seems a relevant issue when considering the risk of developing hypertension or the control of pre-existent hypertension. Combined sleep problems may have potential synergistic deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Pepin
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France; Grenoble University Hospital, EFCR Laboratory, Locomotion, Rehabilitation and Physiology Department, Grenoble, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Borel
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France; Grenoble University Hospital, Endocrinology Department, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France; Grenoble University Hospital, EFCR Laboratory, Locomotion, Rehabilitation and Physiology Department, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Patrick Levy
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France; Grenoble University Hospital, EFCR Laboratory, Locomotion, Rehabilitation and Physiology Department, Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Hopital-Gui-de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, National Reference Network for Narcolepsy, and INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
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Glos M, Fietze I, Blau A, Baumann G, Penzel T. Cardiac autonomic modulation and sleepiness: Physiological consequences of sleep deprivation due to 40 h of prolonged wakefulness. Physiol Behav 2014; 125:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tobaldini E, Cogliati C, Fiorelli EM, Nunziata V, Wu MA, Prado M, Bevilacqua M, Trabattoni D, Porta A, Montano N. One night on-call: sleep deprivation affects cardiac autonomic control and inflammation in physicians. Eur J Intern Med 2013; 24:664-70. [PMID: 23601527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep loss is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is known that chronic sleep restriction affects autonomic cardiovascular control and inflammatory response. However, scanty data are available on the effects of acute sleep deprivation (ASD) due to night shifts on the cardiovascular system and its capability to respond to stressor stimuli. The aim of our study was to investigate whether a real life model of ASD, such as "one night on-call", might alter the autonomic dynamic response to orthostatic challenge and modify the immune response in young physicians. METHODS Fifteen healthy residents in Internal Medicine were studied before and after one night on-call at Rest and during a gravitational stimulus (head up-tilt test, HUT). Heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were analyzed during Rest and HUT before and after ASD. Plasmatic hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, renin, aldosterone, ACTH) and tissue inflammatory cytokines were measured at baseline and after ASD. RESULT HRV analysis revealed a predominant sympathetic modulation and a parasympathetic withdrawal after ASD. During HUT, the sympathovagal balance shifted towards a sympathetic predominance before and after ASD. However, the magnitude of the autonomic response was lower after ASD. BPV and BRS remained unchanged before and after ASD as the hormone levels, while IFN-γ increased after ASD compared to baseline. CONCLUSION In summary, one night of sleep deprivation, at least in this real-life model, seems to affect cardiovascular autonomic response and immune modulation, independently by the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Tobaldini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Internal Medicine II, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Sun XY, Song HT, Yang TS, Zhang LY, Zhao L, Yang JL, Bai J. Effects of sleep deprivation on neuroendocrine hormones in servicemen. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Sun
- Departement of Psychology; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Hong-Tao Song
- Clinical Medical School; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Ting-shu Yang
- Department of Cardiology; General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Beijing China
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- Prevention and Treatment Center of Psychological Diseases; No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Changzhou China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Clinical Medical School; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jia-Lin Yang
- Department of Cardiology; General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Beijing China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Cardiology; General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Beijing China
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Schestatsky P, Dall-Agnol L, Gheller L, Stefani LC, Sanches PRS, de Souza IC, Torres IL, Caumo W. Pain-autonomic interaction after work-induced sleep restriction. Eur J Neurol 2012; 20:638-46. [PMID: 23083328 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Poor sleep is commonly associated with alterations in pain perception. However, there is a lack of studies that address work-associated sleep restriction (SR) and changes in non-nociceptive perception and autonomic responses after work-induced SR. METHODS This study was performed with 19 medical students after a normal-sleep night (NS phase) and after a night shift at the local emergency room (SR phase). We performed clinical assessment, quantitative sensory testing for electrical and temperature sensation, RR interval analysis, and recorded sudomotor skin responses (SSRs). RESULTS The total mean duration of sleep was 436 ± 18 min in the NS group and 120 ± 28 min in the SR group (P<0.001). The anxiety scores were higher following the SR phase compared with those after the NS phase (P<0.01). After SR, there was a decrease in heat-pain threshold, but neither warm nor electrical thresholds were affected. Following SR, subjects showed higher SSR amplitudes and an increased number of double responses at an interstimulus interval of 2 s. We also observed a moderate inverse correlation between heat-pain thresholds and SSR amplitude (r= -0.46; P<0.01). However, there was no correlation between anxiety scores and SSR parameters. CONCLUSIONS The effects of SR in the context of work stress on pain are specific and appear unrelated to general changes in sensory perception. Hyperalgesia was associated with abnormal autonomic responses, but not with increased anxiety, which suggests an association between the nociceptive and autonomic nervous systems that is independent of the emotional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schestatsky
- Department of Neurology, EMG Unit from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Cohen S, Kozlovsky N, Matar MA, Kaplan Z, Zohar J, Cohen H. Post-exposure sleep deprivation facilitates correctly timed interactions between glucocorticoid and adrenergic systems, which attenuate traumatic stress responses. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:2388-404. [PMID: 22713910 PMCID: PMC3442354 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reliable evidence supports the role of sleep in learning and memory processes. In rodents, sleep deprivation (SD) negatively affects consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memories. As memory is integral to post-traumatic stress symptoms, the effects of post-exposure SD on various aspect of the response to stress in a controlled, prospective animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were evaluated. Rats were deprived of sleep for 6 h throughout the first resting phase after predator scent stress exposure. Behaviors in the elevated plus-maze and acoustic startle response tests were assessed 7 days later, and served for classification into behavioral response groups. Freezing response to a trauma reminder was assessed on day 8. Urine samples were collected daily for corticosterone levels, and heart rate (HR) was also measured. Finally, the impact of manipulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and adrenergic activity before SD was assessed. Mifepristone (MIFE) and epinephrine (EPI) were administered systemically 10-min post-stress exposure and behavioral responses and response to trauma reminder were measured on days 7-8. Hippocampal expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and morphological assessment of arborization and dendritic spines were subsequently evaluated. Post-exposure SD effectively ameliorated long-term, stress-induced, PTSD-like behavioral disruptions, reduced trauma reminder freezing responses, and decreased hippocampal expression of GR compared with exposed-untreated controls. Although urine corticosterone levels were significantly elevated 1 h after SD and the HR was attenuated, antagonizing GRs with MIFE or stimulation of adrenergic activity with EPI effectively abolished the effect of SD. MIFE- and EPI-treated animals clearly demonstrated significantly lower total dendritic length, fewer branches and lower spine density along dentate gyrus dendrites with increased levels of GR expression 8 days after exposure, as compared with exposed-SD animals. Intentional prevention of sleep in the early aftermath of stress exposure may well be beneficial in attenuating traumatic stress-related sequelae. Post-exposure SD may disrupt the consolidation of aversive or fearful memories by facilitating correctly timed interactions between glucocorticoid and adrenergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel,Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nitsan Kozlovsky
- Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael A Matar
- Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Zeev Kaplan
- Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Medical School, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hagit Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel,Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel,Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 4600, Beer-Sheva 84170, Israel, Tel: +972 8 6401743, Fax: +972 8 6401742, E-mail:
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31
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Wehrens SMT, Hampton SM, Kerkhofs M, Skene DJ. Mood, Alertness, and Performance in Response to Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep in Experienced Shiftworkers Versus Non-Shiftworkers. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:537-48. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.675258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Carter JR, Durocher JJ, Larson RA, DellaValla JP, Yang H. Sympathetic neural responses to 24-hour sleep deprivation in humans: sex differences. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H1991-7. [PMID: 22408018 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01132.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation has been linked to hypertension, and recent evidence suggests that associations between short sleep duration and hypertension are stronger in women. In the present study we hypothesized that 24 h of total sleep deprivation (TSD) would elicit an augmented pressor and sympathetic neural response in women compared with men. Resting heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were measured in 30 healthy subjects (age, 22 ± 1; 15 men and 15 women). Relations between spontaneous fluctuations of diastolic arterial pressure and MSNA were used to assess sympathetic baroreflex function. Subjects were studied twice, once after normal sleep and once after TSD (randomized, crossover design). TSD elicited similar increases in systolic, diastolic, and mean BP in men and women (time, P < 0.05; time × sex, P > 0.05). TSD reduced MSNA in men (25 ± 2 to 16 ± 3 bursts/100 heart beats; P = 0.02), but not women. TSD did not alter spontaneous sympathetic or cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivities in either sex. However, TSD shifted the spontaneous sympathetic baroreflex operating point downward and rightward in men only. TSD reduced testosterone in men, and these changes were correlated to changes in resting MSNA (r = 0.59; P = 0.04). Resting HR, respiratory rate, and estradiol were not altered by TSD in either sex. In conclusion, TSD-induced hypertension occurs in both sexes, but only men demonstrate altered resting MSNA. The sex differences in MSNA are associated with sex differences in sympathetic baroreflex function (i.e., operating point) and testosterone. These findings may help explain why associations between sleep deprivation and hypertension appear to be sex dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Carter
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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33
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Effects of 29-h total sleep deprivation on local cold tolerance in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112:3239-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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34
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The impact of increasing sleep restriction on cortisol and daytime sleepiness in adolescents. Neurosci Lett 2012; 507:161-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Trinder J, Waloszek J, Woods MJ, Jordan AS. Sleep and cardiovascular regulation. Pflugers Arch 2011; 463:161-8. [PMID: 22038322 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-1041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Normal sleep has a profound effect on the cardiovascular system, reducing cardiovascular activity throughout non-rapid eye movement sleep; changes that are modified and augmented by circadian system influence. There is also evidence that sleep-initiated changes in autonomic balance may in turn modify the development of sleep within a night, particularly the development of slow wave sleep. It is assumed that the cardiovascular changes that accompany sleep reflect a functional aspect of sleep, although the precise functional role has not been agreed upon. Nevertheless, there is good evidence that the cardiovascular changes that occur during normal sleep are beneficial for the cardiovascular system. Arousals from sleep, which are common even in normal sleep, are associated with a surge in activity in cardiorespiratory systems, with marked effects on the sleep-related pattern of cardiovascular activity when they occur frequently. Despite the importance of this aspect of sleep, controversy remains as to both the nature of the activation response and the circumstances under which it is elicited. The concept that sleep-related changes in cardiovascular activity are beneficial leads to the corollary that sleep disturbance would result in adverse cardiovascular consequences. While there is strong empirical evidence for such a relationship, it remains unclear whether this is a direct effect or, as has been suggested recently, the effect of disturbed sleep is mediated via stress-related modification of neuroendocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Trinder
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Gratton St, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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36
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Franzen PL, Gianaros PJ, Marsland AL, Hall MH, Siegle GJ, Dahl RE, Buysse DJ. Cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress following sleep deprivation. Psychosom Med 2011; 73:679-82. [PMID: 21949422 PMCID: PMC3614084 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e31822ff440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological stress and sleep disturbances are highly prevalent and are both implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. Given the common co-occurrence of psychological distress and sleep disturbances including short sleep duration, this study examined the combined effects of these two factors on blood pressure reactivity to immediate mental challenge tasks after well-rested and sleep-deprived experimental conditions. METHODS Participants (n = 20) were healthy young adults free from current or past sleep, psychiatric, or major medical disorders. Using a within-subjects crossover design, we examined acute stress reactivity under two experimental conditions: after a night of normal sleep in the laboratory and after a night of total sleep deprivation. Two standardized psychological stress tasks were administered, a Stroop color-word naming interference task and a speech task, which were preceded by a prestress baseline period and followed by a poststress recovery period. Each period was 10 minutes in duration, and blood pressure recordings were collected every 2.5 minutes throughout each period. Mean blood pressure responses during stress and recovery periods were examined with a mixed-effects analysis of covariance, controlling for baseline blood pressure. RESULTS There was a significant interaction between sleep deprivation and stress on systolic blood pressure (F(2,82.7) = 4.05, p = .02). Systolic blood pressure was higher in the sleep deprivation condition compared with the normal sleep condition during the speech task and during the two baseline periods. CONCLUSIONS Sleep deprivation amplified systolic blood pressure increases to psychological stress. Sleep loss may increase cardiovascular risk by dysregulating stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L. Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine
| | - Peter J. Gianaros
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine
| | | | - Martica H. Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine
| | - Greg J. Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine
| | - Ronald E. Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Daniel J. Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine
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37
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Stein PK, Pu Y. Heart rate variability, sleep and sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev 2011; 16:47-66. [PMID: 21658979 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) is modulated by the combined effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Therefore, measurement of changes in HR over time (heart rate variability or HRV) provides information about autonomic functioning. HRV has been used to identify high risk people, understand the autonomic components of different disorders and to evaluate the effect of different interventions, etc. Since the signal required to measure HRV is already being collected on the electrocardiogram (ECG) channel of the polysomnogram (PSG), collecting data for research on HRV and sleep is straightforward, but applications have been limited. As reviewed here, HRV has been applied to understand autonomic changes during different sleep stages. It has also been applied to understand the effect of sleep-disordered breathing, periodic limb movements and insomnia both during sleep and during the daytime. HRV has been successfully used to screen people for possible referral to a Sleep Lab. It has also been used to monitor the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). A novel HRV measure, cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) has been proposed for sleep quality. Evidence also suggests that HRV collected during a PSG can be used in risk stratification models, at least for older adults. Caveats for accurate interpretation of HRV are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis K Stein
- Washington University, School of Medicine HRV Laboratory, 4625 Lindell Boulevard, Suite 402, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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39
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Sauvet F, Leftheriotis G, Gomez-Merino D, Langrume C, Drogou C, Van Beers P, Bourrilhon C, Florence G, Chennaoui M. Effect of acute sleep deprivation on vascular function in healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:68-75. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00851.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are associated with inflammation and sympathetic activation, which are suspected to induce endothelial dysfunction, a key factor in the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Less is known about the early effects of acute sleep deprivation on vascular function. We evaluated microvascular reactivity and biological markers of endothelial activation during continuous 40 h of total sleep deprivation (TSD) in 12 healthy men (29 ± 3 yr). The days before [ day 1 (D1)] and during TSD (D3), at 1200 and 1800, endothelium-dependent and -independent cutaneous vascular conductance was assessed by iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively, coupled to laser-Doppler flowmetry. At 0900, 1200, 1500, and 1800, heart rate (HR) and instantaneous blood pressure (BP) were recorded in the supine position. At D1, D3, and the day after one night of sleep recovery (D4), markers of vascular endothelial cell activation, including soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and interleukin-6 were measured from blood samples at 0800. Compared with D1, plasma levels of E-selectin were raised at D3, whereas intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-6 were raised at D4 ( P < 0.05). The endothelium-dependent and -independent CVC were significantly decreased after 29 h of TSD ( P < 0.05). By contrast, HR, systolic BP, and the normalized low-frequency component of HR variability (0.04–0.15 Hz), a marker of the sympathetic activity, increased significantly within 32 h of TSD ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, acute exposure to 40 h of TSD appears to cause vascular dysfunction before the increase in sympathetic activity and systolic BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Sauvet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Environnements Opérationnels, Brétigny sur Orge; and
| | - Georges Leftheriotis
- Université d'Angers, Unité Mixte Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6214-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 771, Angers, France
| | - Danièlle Gomez-Merino
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Environnements Opérationnels, Brétigny sur Orge; and
| | - Christophe Langrume
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Environnements Opérationnels, Brétigny sur Orge; and
| | - Catherine Drogou
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Environnements Opérationnels, Brétigny sur Orge; and
| | - Pascal Van Beers
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Environnements Opérationnels, Brétigny sur Orge; and
| | - Cyprien Bourrilhon
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Environnements Opérationnels, Brétigny sur Orge; and
| | - Geneviève Florence
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Environnements Opérationnels, Brétigny sur Orge; and
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Environnements Opérationnels, Brétigny sur Orge; and
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Portaluppi F, Cortelli P, Buonaura GC, Smolensky MH, Fabbian F. Do restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) play a role in nocturnal hypertension and increased cardiovascular risk of renally impaired patients? Chronobiol Int 2009; 26:1206-21. [PMID: 19731113 DOI: 10.3109/07420520903245276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension can cause or promote renal failure and is related to cardiovascular mortality, the major cause of death in patients with renal impairment. Changes in the circadian BP pattern, particularly the blunting or reversal of the nocturnal decline in BP, are common in chronic renal failure. These changes in turn are among the major determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy. Using a chronobiological approach, it is possible to obtain better insight into the reciprocal relationship between hypertension, renal disease, and increased cardiovascular risk of renal patients. Disruption of the normal circadian rhythm of rest/activity may be hypothesized to underlie the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of such patients. Epidemiological studies reveal that hemodialysis patients experience poor subjective sleep quality and insomnia and, in comparison to healthy persons, are more likely to show shorter sleep duration and lower sleep efficiency. Sleep apnea may be present and is usually investigated in these patients; however, the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS), which is high in dialysis patients and which has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in the general population, could also play a role in the pathogenesis of sleep-time hypertension in renal patients. Careful assessment of sleep quality, in particular, diagnostic screening for RLS and periodic limb movements (PLM) in renal patients, is highly recommended. In renal failure, attention to sleep quality and related perturbations of the sleep/wake cycle may help prevent the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Portaluppi
- Hypertension Center and Clinica Medica, University Hospital S. Anna of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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