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Ferri C, Raimondo V, Giuggioli D, Gragnani L, Lorini S, Dagna L, Bosello SL, Foti R, Riccieri V, Guiducci S, Cuomo G, Tavoni A, De Angelis R, Cacciapaglia F, Zanatta E, Cozzi F, Murdaca G, Cavazzana I, Romeo N, Codullo V, Pellegrini R, Varcasia G, De Santis M, Selmi C, Abignano G, Caminiti M, L'Andolina M, Olivo D, Lubrano E, Spinella A, Lumetti F, De Luca G, Ruscitti P, Urraro T, Visentini M, Bellando-Randone S, Visalli E, Testa D, Sciascia G, Masini F, Pellegrino G, Saccon F, Balestri E, Elia G, Ferrari SM, Tonutti A, Dall’Ara F, Pagano Mariano G, Pettiti G, Zanframundo G, Brittelli R, Aiello V, Dal Bosco Y, Foti R, Di Cola I, Scorpiniti D, Fusaro E, Ferrari T, Gigliotti P, Campochiaro C, Francioso F, Iandoli C, Caira V, Zignego AL, D'Angelo S, Franceschini F, Matucci-Cerinic M, Giacomelli R, Doria A, Santini SA, Fallahi P, Iannone F, Antonelli A. Impact of COVID-19 and vaccination campaign on 1,755 systemic sclerosis patients during first three years of pandemic. Possible risks for individuals with impaired immunoreactivity to vaccine, ongoing immunomodulating treatments, and disease-related lung involvement during the next pandemic phase. J Transl Autoimmun 2023; 7:100212. [PMID: 37854035 PMCID: PMC10580042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The impact of COVID-19 pandemic represents a serious challenge for 'frail' patients' populations with inflammatory autoimmune systemic diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). We investigated the prevalence and severity of COVID-19, as well the effects of COVID-19 vaccination campaign in a large series of SSc patients followed for the entire period (first 38 months) of pandemic. Patients and method This prospective survey study included 1755 unselected SSc patients (186 M, 1,569F; mean age 58.7 ± 13.4SD years, mean disease duration 8.8 ± 7.3SD years) recruited in part by telephone survey at 37 referral centers from February 2020 to April 2023. The following parameters were carefully evaluated: i. demographic, clinical, serological, and therapeutical features; ii. prevalence and severity of COVID-19; and iii. safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Results The prevalence of COVID-19 recorded during the whole pandemic was significantly higher compared to Italian general population (47.3 % vs 43.3 %, p < 0.000), as well the COVID-19-related mortality (1.91 % vs 0.72 %, p < 0.001). As regards the putative prognostic factors of worse outcome, COVID-19 positive patients with SSc-related interstitial lung involvement showed significantly higher percentage of COVID-19-related hospitalization compared to those without (5.85 % vs 1.73 %; p < 0.0001), as well as of mortality rate (2.01 % vs 0.4 %; p = 0.002). Over half of patients (56.3 %) received the first two plus one booster dose of vaccine; while a fourth dose was administered to 35.6 %, and only few of them (1.99 %) had five or more doses of vaccine. Of note, an impaired seroconversion was recorded in 25.6 % of individuals after the first 2 doses of vaccine, and in 8.4 % of patients also after the booster dose. Furthermore, the absence of T-cell immunoreactivity was observed in 3/7 patients tested by QuantiFERON® SARSCoV-2 Starter Set (Qiagen). The efficacy of vaccines, evaluated by comparing the COVID-19-related death rate recorded during pre- and post-vaccination pandemic periods, revealed a quite stable outcome in SSc patients (death rate from 2.54 % to 1.76 %; p = ns), despite the significant drop of mortality observed in the Italian general population (from 2.95 % to 0.29 %; p < 0.0001). Conclusions An increased COVID-19 prevalence and mortality rate was recorded in SSc patients; moreover, the efficacy of vaccines in term of improved outcomes was less evident in SSc compared to Italian general population. This discrepancy might be explained by concomitant adverse prognostic factors: increased rate of non-responders to vaccine in SSc series, low percentage of individuals with four or more doses of vaccine, ongoing immunomodulating treatments, disease-related interstitial lung disease, and/or reduced preventive measures in the second half of pandemic. A careful monitoring of response to COVID-19 vaccines together with adequate preventive/therapeutical strategies are highly recommendable in the near course of pandemic in this frail patients' population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodoveo Ferri
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena & RE., School of Medicine, Modena, Italy
- Rheumatology Clinic ‘Madonna Dello Scoglio’ Cotronei, Crotone, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Raimondo
- Rheumatology Clinic ‘Madonna Dello Scoglio’ Cotronei, Crotone, Italy
| | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena & RE., School of Medicine, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Gragnani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Lorini
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Laura Bosello
- Division of Rheumatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosario Foti
- AOU Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Rossella De Angelis
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Clinical & Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Murdaca
- Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino-University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria De Santis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Caminiti
- UOD Reumatologia- Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Massimo L'Andolina
- Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, ASP- Vibo Valentia-Tropea Hospital, Italy
| | - Domenico Olivo
- Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Crotone, Italy
| | - Ennio Lubrano
- Rheumatology, Università Del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Amelia Spinella
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena & RE., School of Medicine, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Lumetti
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena & RE., School of Medicine, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Teresa Urraro
- Rheumatology Unit, "M. Scarlato" Hospital, Scafati, Italy
| | - Marcella Visentini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Davide Testa
- Clinical Immunology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Eugenia Balestri
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Tonutti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Dall’Ara
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA) Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Aiello
- Rheumatology Clinic ‘Madonna Dello Scoglio’ Cotronei, Crotone, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Foti
- AOU Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Ilenia Di Cola
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Fusaro
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Francioso
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Clinical & Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo Iandoli
- University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Virginia Caira
- U.O.S. Reumatologia, Ospedale Castrovillari, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Clinical and Research Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Angelo Santini
- Department of Basic, Clinical, Intensive and Perioperative Biotechnological Sciences, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Synlab Lazio, Roma, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - for the COVID-19 & ASD Italian Study Group
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena & RE., School of Medicine, Modena, Italy
- Rheumatology Clinic ‘Madonna Dello Scoglio’ Cotronei, Crotone, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
- Department of Ospedale S. Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- AOU Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
- Rheumatology, Sapienza-University of Rome, Roma, Italy
- Rheumatology, University of Florence, Italy
- University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
- Clinical Immunology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Clinical & Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- UO Reumatologia - DETO, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
- Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Ospedale "Villa Salus", Mestre, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino-University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Rheumatology, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
- Rheumatology, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- U.O.C. Medicina Interna 'M.Valentini" P.O, Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
- U.O.S. Reumatologia, Ospedale Castrovillari, Cosenza, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- AOR San Carlo di Potenza, Potenza, Italy
- UOD Reumatologia- Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, ASP- Vibo Valentia-Tropea Hospital, Italy
- Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Crotone, Italy
- Rheumatology, Università Del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, "M. Scarlato" Hospital, Scafati, Italy
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA) Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Torino, Italy
- U.O.T. Specialistica Ambulatoriale ASP 201, Cosenza, Italy
- Clinical and Research Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Basic, Clinical, Intensive and Perioperative Biotechnological Sciences, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Synlab Lazio, Roma, Italy
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Poormoghim H, GaffariRad F, Rahmani S, Mohtasham N, Almasi S, Sobhani A, Salimi-Beni M, Andalib E, Naeini PA, Jalali A. Prevalence & Impact of COVID-19 in Systemic Sclerosis Patients and Assessment of the Demographic & Clinical Features in Cases Associated with Worse Prognosis: Results of a Single Centre Registry. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2023; 34:172-179. [PMID: 37654631 PMCID: PMC10466350 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.34.2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our knowledge of the COVID-19 infection impact on systemic sclerosis (SSc) is scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 infection and to determine the predictive factors of worse outcomes and death in SSc patients. Methods In this cohort study all patients who attended our clinic between 20th February 2020 and 20th May 2021 were followed, and those with a history of COVID-19 infection completed the questionnaire. Results of para-clinical tests were extracted from the SSc database. The outcomes were classified as: alive vs. deceased and, mild vs. worse outcomes. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were applied. Results Of the total 192 SSc patients studied, COVID-19 affected 12.5%; 6% experienced mild disease, 7% were hospitalized and 3% died. The worse outcome was associated with: older age [95%CI: 1.00-1.08], smoking [95%CI: 2.632-33.094], diabetes [95%CI: 1.462-29.654], digital pitting scars (DPS) [95%CI: 1.589-21.409], diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide [DLCO<70 [95%CI: 1.078-11.496], left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)<50% [95%CI: 1.080-38.651], systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP)>40 mmHg [95%CI: 1.332-17.434], pericardial effusion (PE) [95%CI: 1.778-39.206], and tendon friction rub [95%CI: 1.091-9.387]. Death was associated with male gender [95%CI: 1.54-88.04], hypertension [95%CI: 1.093-2.155], digital ulcers (DU) [95%CI: 0.976-18.34], low forced vital capacity (FVC) [95%CI: 0.03-0.81], and joint flexion contracture (JFC) [95%CI: 1.226-84.402]. Conclusion Risk factors for the worse outcome in COVID-19 infected SSc patients included, older age, smoking, diabetes, DPS, DLCO<70, LVEF<50%, sPAP>40 mmHg, PE, and TFR. Death was associated with the male gender, hypertension, DU, low FVC, and JFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simin Almasi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sobhani
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Arash Jalali
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Snarskaya E, Vasileva K. Correspondence on 'Systemic sclerosis and the COVID-19 pandemic-World Scleroderma Foundation preliminary advice for patient management'. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:e36. [PMID: 33408080 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Snarskaya
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniia Vasileva
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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de Oliveira SM, Martins LVDO, Lupino-Assad AP, Medeiros-Ribeiro AC, de Moraes DA, Del-Rio APT, Oliveira MC, Sampaio-Barros PD, Kayser C. Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with systemic sclerosis: a Brazilian multicenter study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 55:151987. [PMID: 35286906 PMCID: PMC8875950 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.151987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 may be associated with greater severity and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, severity and mortality of COVID-19 in a Brazilian cohort of SSc patients. Methods This multicenter, retrospective, observational study included 1,042 SSc patients followed in four centers of São Paulo between March 2020 and June 2021. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was established by proper positive RT-PCR testing or by highly suspicious infection. Patients were grouped into mild (outpatient setting treatment and no need for oxygen support) and moderate-to-severe (hospitalization and/or need for oxygen support) COVID-19. Results Of the 1,042 SSc patients, 118 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. Interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) was present in 65.6% of the total cohort and in 46.3% of SSc patients with COVID-19. There were 78 (66.1%) cases of mild COVID-19, and 40 (33.9%) cases of moderate-to-severe disease, with 6 (5.1%) deaths. By univariate analysis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (OR 9.50, p=0.006), SSc-ILD (OR 3.90, p=0.007), FVC <80% (OR 2.90, p=0.01), cardiac involvement (OR 5.53, p=0.003), and use of rituximab (OR 3.92, p=0.039), but not age, gender, comorbidities or use of corticosteroids, were predictors of worse outcome for COVID-19. Using multivariate analysis, only SSc-ILD was significantly associated to a higher risk of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.12-6.69, p=0.02). Forty percent of the patients remained with symptoms after presenting COVID-19, predominantly dyspnea and/or cough (17%). Conclusion In this cohort of patients with SSc, those with SSc-ILD were highly impacted by COVID-19, with a higher risk of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 infection and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maximiano de Oliveira
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Lupino-Assad
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Medeiros-Ribeiro
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Aparecida de Moraes
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Carolina Oliveira
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Percival Degrava Sampaio-Barros
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Kayser
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Autoimmune Diseases and COVID-19 as Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes: Data on 13,940 Hospitalized Patients from the Spanish Nationwide SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091844. [PMID: 33922777 PMCID: PMC8123043 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and clinical course of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases (ADs) compared to the general population. (2) Methods: We used information available in the nationwide Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, which retrospectively compiles data from the first admission of adult patients with COVID-19. We selected all patients with ADs included in the registry and compared them to the remaining patients. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality during admission, readmission, and subsequent admissions, and secondary outcomes were a composite outcome including the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), or death, as well as in-hospital complications. (3) Results: A total of 13,940 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included, of which 362 (2.6%) had an AD. Patients with ADs were older, more likely to be female, and had greater comorbidity. On the multivariate logistic regression analysis, which involved the inverse propensity score weighting method, AD as a whole was not associated with an increased risk of any of the outcome variables. Habitual treatment with corticosteroids (CSs), age, Barthel Index score, and comorbidity were associated with poor outcomes. Biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) were associated with a decrease in mortality in patients with AD. (4) Conclusions: The analysis of the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry shows that ADs do not lead to a different prognosis, measured by mortality, complications, or the composite outcome. Considered individually, it seems that some diseases entail a different prognosis than that of the general population. Immunosuppressive/immunoregulatory treatments (IST) prior to admission had variable effects.
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Taha BA, Al Mashhadany Y, Hafiz Mokhtar MH, Dzulkefly Bin Zan MS, Arsad N. An Analysis Review of Detection Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Based on Biosensor Application. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6764. [PMID: 33256085 PMCID: PMC7729752 DOI: 10.3390/s20236764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Timely detection and diagnosis are essentially needed to guide outbreak measures and infection control. It is vital to improve healthcare quality in public places, markets, schools and airports and provide useful insights into the technological environment and help researchers acknowledge the choices and gaps available in this field. In this narrative review, the detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) technologies is summarized and discussed with a comparison between them from several aspects to arrive at an accurate decision on the feasibility of applying the best of these techniques in the biosensors that operate using laser detection technology. The collection of data in this analysis was done by using six reliable academic databases, namely, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed. This review includes an analysis review of three highlights: evaluating the hazard of pandemic COVID-19 transmission styles and comparing them with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) to identify the main causes of the virus spreading, a critical analysis to diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on artificial intelligence using CT scans and CXR images and types of biosensors. Finally, we select the best methods that can potentially stop the propagation of the coronavirus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakr Ahmed Taha
- UKM—Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (M.H.H.M.); (M.S.D.B.Z.)
| | - Yousif Al Mashhadany
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Anbar 00964, Iraq;
| | - Mohd Hadri Hafiz Mokhtar
- UKM—Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (M.H.H.M.); (M.S.D.B.Z.)
| | - Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Bin Zan
- UKM—Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (M.H.H.M.); (M.S.D.B.Z.)
| | - Norhana Arsad
- UKM—Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (M.H.H.M.); (M.S.D.B.Z.)
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COVID-19 and systemic sclerosis: analysis of lifestyle changes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in an Italian single-center cohort. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:1393-1397. [PMID: 33188620 PMCID: PMC7666573 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has changed the habits and lives of people worldwide. Patients affected by systemic sclerosis (SSc) experienced constant fear because of their immunocompromised status. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to analyze the lifestyle changes in a single-center cohort of SSc patients and if these changes were more severe than in the general population. During the Italian lockdown, we supplied two surveys to our 184 SSc patients. In the first one, filled by 110 patients, we asked if SARS-CoV-2 had infected them or if they experienced signs and symptoms consistent with COVID-19. The second survey, performed by 79 SSc patients and 63 healthy subjects, included questions about the lifestyle adopted during this specific period. Among our patients, COVID-19 was diagnosed only in one case, while three other subjects reported signs and symptoms suggestive for the disease. Regarding the second survey, our patients greatly changed their lifestyle during the pandemic, adopting more restrictive isolation measures, because of their awareness of frailty. To date, we do not dispose of enough data to speculate about the risk of COVID-19 among immunocompromised patients, although in our SSc patients their frailty seems to have been their shelter. Pending more accurate epidemiological studies, it is essential to share as much data as possible to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on SSc patients’ health.Key points • The lifestyle adopted by SSc patients during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic was characterized by more stringent isolation rules than general population. • The prudential behavior of patients with SSc during Italian lockdown should be considered as a possible bias when analyzing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 disease in these subjects, as well as a protective factor against infection. |
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Ferri C, Giuggioli D, Raimondo V, L'Andolina M, Tavoni A, Cecchetti R, Guiducci S, Ursini F, Caminiti M, Varcasia G, Gigliotti P, Pellegrini R, Olivo D, Colaci M, Murdaca G, Brittelli R, Mariano GP, Spinella A, Bellando-Randone S, Aiello V, Bilia S, Giannini D, Ferrari T, Caminiti R, Brusi V, Meliconi R, Fallahi P, Antonelli A. COVID-19 and rheumatic autoimmune systemic diseases: report of a large Italian patients series. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:3195-3204. [PMID: 32852623 PMCID: PMC7450255 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Covid-19 infection poses a serious challenge for immune-compromised patients with inflammatory autoimmune systemic diseases. We investigated the clinical-epidemiological findings of 1641 autoimmune systemic disease Italian patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. METHOD This observational multicenter study included 1641 unselected patients with autoimmune systemic diseases from three Italian geographical areas with different prevalence of Covid-19 [high in north (Emilia Romagna), medium in central (Tuscany), and low in south (Calabria)] by means of telephone 6-week survey. Covid-19 was classified as (1) definite diagnosis of Covid-19 disease: presence of symptomatic Covid-19 infection, confirmed by positive oral/nasopharyngeal swabs; (2) highly suspected Covid-19 disease: presence of highly suggestive symptoms, in absence of a swab test. RESULTS A significantly higher prevalence of patients with definite diagnosis of Covid-19 disease, or with highly suspected Covid-19 disease, or both the conditions together, was observed in the whole autoimmune systemic disease series, compared to "Italian general population" (p = .030, p = .001, p = .000, respectively); and for definite + highly suspected diagnosis of Covid-19 disease, in patients with autoimmune systemic diseases of the three regions (p = .000, for all comparisons with the respective regional general population). Moreover, significantly higher prevalence of definite + highly suspected diagnosis of Covid-19 disease was found either in patients with various "connective tissue diseases" compared to "inflammatory arthritis group" (p < .000), or in patients without ongoing conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs treatments (p = .011). CONCLUSIONS The finding of a higher prevalence of Covid-19 in patients with autoimmune systemic diseases is particularly important, suggesting the need to develop valuable prevention/management strategies, and stimulates in-depth investigations to verify the possible interactions between Covid-19 infection and impaired immune-system of autoimmune systemic diseases. Key Points • Significantly higher prevalence of Covid-19 is observed in a large series of patients with autoimmune systemic diseases compared to the Italian general population, mainly due to patients' increased susceptibility to infections and favored by the high exposure to the virus at medical facilities before the restriction measures on individual movement. • The actual prevalence of Covid-19 in autoimmune systemic diseases may be underestimated, possibly due to the wide clinical overlapping between the two conditions, the generally mild Covid-19 disease manifestations, and the limited availability of virological testing. • Patients with "connective tissue diseases" show a significantly higher prevalence of Covid-19, possibly due to deeper immune-system impairment, with respect to "inflammatory arthritis group". • Covid-19 is more frequent in the subgroup of autoimmune systemic diseases patients without ongoing conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, mainly hydroxyl-chloroquine and methotrexate, which might play some protective role against the most harmful manifestations of Covid-19.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/epidemiology
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/physiopathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy
- Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology
- Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology
- Betacoronavirus
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology
- Dermatomyositis/drug therapy
- Dermatomyositis/epidemiology
- Dermatomyositis/physiopathology
- Female
- Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Italy/epidemiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology
- Rheumatic Diseases/drug therapy
- Rheumatic Diseases/epidemiology
- Rheumatic Diseases/physiopathology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Scleroderma, Systemic/drug therapy
- Scleroderma, Systemic/epidemiology
- Scleroderma, Systemic/physiopathology
- Sjogren's Syndrome/drug therapy
- Sjogren's Syndrome/epidemiology
- Sjogren's Syndrome/physiopathology
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/epidemiology
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/physiopathology
- Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Diseases/drug therapy
- Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Diseases/epidemiology
- Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Diseases/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodoveo Ferri
- Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Modena & RE, Modena, Italy.
- Rheumatology Clinic 'Madonna dello Scoglio' Cotronei, Crotone, Italy.
| | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Modena & RE, Modena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Raimondo
- Rheumatology Clinic 'Madonna dello Scoglio' Cotronei, Crotone, Italy
| | - Massimo L'Andolina
- Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, ASP-Vibo Valentia-Tropea Hospital, Tropea, Italy
| | - Antonio Tavoni
- Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Ursini
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Caminiti
- UOD Reumatologia, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Domenico Olivo
- Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Crotone, Italy
| | - Michele Colaci
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Amelia Spinella
- Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Modena & RE, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Aiello
- Rheumatology Clinic 'Madonna dello Scoglio' Cotronei, Crotone, Italy
| | - Silvia Bilia
- Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Rodolfo Caminiti
- Rheumatology Clinic 'Madonna dello Scoglio' Cotronei, Crotone, Italy
| | - Veronica Brusi
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Meliconi
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Immuno-Endocrine Section of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Primary Human Cells, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy.
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Martínez-Taboada VM, López-Hoyos M, Crespo J, Hernández JL. COVID-19 and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: Why don't our patients get worse? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020; 19:102683. [PMID: 33127600 PMCID: PMC7588795 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Martínez-Taboada
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain; University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Division of Immunology, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - Javier Crespo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain; University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - José L Hernández
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain; University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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10
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Eslambolchi A, Aghaghazvini L, Gholamrezanezhad A, Kavosi H, Radmard AR. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases or vasculitis: radiologic presentation. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 51:339-348. [PMID: 32981005 PMCID: PMC7519703 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has transformed into a worldwide challenge, since its outbreak in December 2019. Generally, patients with underlying medical conditions are at a higher risk of complications and fatality of pneumonias. Whether patients with systemic autoimmune diseases or vasculitides, are at increased risk for serious complications associated with COVID-19, is not established yet. Computed tomography (CT) has been employed as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with clinical suspicion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection with a reported sensitivity of higher than reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Multifocal bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGOs) with peripheral and posterior distribution and subsequent superimposition of consolidations are considered the main imaging features of the disease in chest CT. However, chest CT images of underlying rheumatologic or autoimmune diseases or vasculitides, such as systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Behçet disease, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, especially those with extensive lung involvement can overshadow or obliterate features of COVID-19. In addition, CT findings of such diseases may resemble manifestations of COVID-19 (such as ground glass opacities with or without superimposed consolidation), making the diagnosis of viral infections, more challenging on imaging. Comparing the imaging findings with prior studies (if available) for any interval change is the most helpful approach. Otherwise, the diagnosis of COVID-19 in such patients must be cautiously made according to the clinical context and laboratory results, considering a very high clinical index of suspicion on imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Aghaghazvini
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Jalal-e-Al-e-Ahmad Hwy, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hoda Kavosi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Radmard
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Jalal-e-Al-e-Ahmad Hwy, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Pelechas E, Drossou V, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. Anti-Rheumatic Drugs for the Fight Against the Novel Coronavirus Infection (SARSCoV-2): What is the Evidence? Mediterr J Rheumatol 2020; 31:259-267. [PMID: 33196003 PMCID: PMC7656133 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.31.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that causes the COVID-19 infection. Spike proteins are the most important proteins found on its capsule using the host's ACE2 receptors to invade respiratory cells. The natural course of the COVID-19 infection is variable, from asymptomatic to severe and potentially fatal. A small percentage of the severely infected patients will end up in an intensive care unit for ventilatory support. Elderly male patients with pre-existing medical conditions and smokers are at a disproportionate high risk to develop severe complications. Studies have shown that deaths occur due to a dysregulated immune system that overreacts, producing a plethora of cytokines, leading to the so-called "cytokine storm" phenomenon. In this direction, many drugs that are used in the everyday practice of Rheumatologists have been used. Indeed, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as the IL-1 and IL-6 have been shown to be the pivotal cytokines expressed, and anti-cytokine treatment has been tried so far with various results. In addition, hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial drug, has been shown to reduce COVID-19 symptoms. Other drugs have also been used, such as intravenous pulses of immunoglobulins, and colchicine. Robust clinical trials are needed in order to find the suitable treatment. Current data indicate that hydroxychloroquine and cytokine targeting therapies may prove helpful in the fight of SARS-CoV-2 in appropriately selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Pelechas
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Drossou
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paraskevi V. Voulgari
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros A. Drosos
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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12
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Sambataro G, Giuffrè M, Sambataro D, Palermo A, Vignigni G, Cesareo R, Crimi N, Torrisi SE, Vancheri C, Malatino L, Colaci M, Del Papa N, Pignataro F, Roman-Pognuz E, Fabbiani M, Montagnani F, Cassol C, Cavagna L, Zuccaro V, Zerbato V, Maurel C, Luzzati R, Di Bella S. The Model for Early COvid-19 Recognition (MECOR) Score: A Proof-of-Concept for a Simple and Low-Cost Tool to Recognize a Possible Viral Etiology in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients during COVID-19 Outbreak. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E619. [PMID: 32825763 PMCID: PMC7555441 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the peripheral blood cell count "signature" of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to discriminate promptly between COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We designed a retrospective case-control study, enrolling 525 patients (283 COVID-19 and 242 with CAP). All patients had a fever and at least one of the following signs: cough, chest pain, or dyspnea. We excluded patients treated with immunosuppressants, steroids, or affected by diseases known to modify blood cell count. COVID-19 patients showed a significant reduction in white blood cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils) and platelets. We studied these parameters univariately, combined the significant ones in a multivariate model (AUROC 0.86, Nagelkerke PSEUDO-R2 0.5, Hosmer-Lemeshow p-value 0.9) and examined its discriminative performance in an internally-randomized validation cohort (AUROC 0.84). The cut-off selected according to Youden's Index (-0.13) showed a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 72% in the training cohort, and a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 73% in the validation cohort. In addition, we determined the probability of having COVID-19 pneumonia for each Model for possible Early COvid-19 Recognition (MECOR) Score value. In conclusion, our model could provide a simple, rapid, and cheap tool for prompt COVID-19 diagnostic triage in patients with CAP. The actual effectiveness should be evaluated in further, prospective studies also involving COVID-19 patients with negative nasopharyngeal swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sambataro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (N.C.); (S.E.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Mauro Giuffrè
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34151 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (V.Z.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (S.D.B.)
- Italian Liver Foundation, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Sambataro
- Artroreuma S.R.L., Outpatient of Rheumatology Associated with the National Health System corso S. Vito 53, Mascalucia, 95030 Catania, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, via Messina 829, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Vignigni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (N.C.); (S.E.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Roberto Cesareo
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases, “S.M. Goretti” Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Nunzio Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (N.C.); (S.E.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Sebastiano Emanuele Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (N.C.); (S.E.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (N.C.); (S.E.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Lorenzo Malatino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, via Messina 829, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Colaci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, via Messina 829, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Nicoletta Del Papa
- Dept Rheumatology, ASST Pini-CTO, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122 Milan, Italy; (N.D.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesca Pignataro
- Dept Rheumatology, ASST Pini-CTO, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122 Milan, Italy; (N.D.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Erik Roman-Pognuz
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital, 34151 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Fabbiani
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.F.); (F.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesca Montagnani
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.F.); (F.M.); (C.C.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassol
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.F.); (F.M.); (C.C.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Rheumatology Division, University and IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Lombardia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Valentina Zuccaro
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Verena Zerbato
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34151 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (V.Z.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Cristina Maurel
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34151 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (V.Z.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34151 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (V.Z.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34151 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (V.Z.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (S.D.B.)
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13
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Ehrenfeld M, Tincani A, Andreoli L, Cattalini M, Greenbaum A, Kanduc D, Alijotas-Reig J, Zinserling V, Semenova N, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Covid-19 and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102597. [PMID: 32535093 PMCID: PMC7289100 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ehrenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
| | - Angela Tincani
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, Russia; U.O. Reumatologia e Immunologia Clinica, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Andreoli
- U.O. Reumatologia e Immunologia Clinica, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Cattalini
- Pediatrics Clinic, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Assaf Greenbaum
- The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Jaume Alijotas-Reig
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron & Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vsevolod Zinserling
- V.A. Almazov Research Center and S.P. Botkin infectious Hospital, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Semenova
- V.A. Almazov Research Center and S.P. Botkin infectious Hospital, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Howard Amital
- The Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, Russia
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