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Deen B, Husain G, Freiwald WA. A familiar face and person processing area in the human temporal pole. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321346121. [PMID: 38954551 PMCID: PMC11252731 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321346121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
How does the brain process the faces of familiar people? Neuropsychological studies have argued for an area of the temporal pole (TP) linking faces with person identities, but magnetic susceptibility artifacts in this region have hampered its study with fMRI. Using data acquisition and analysis methods optimized to overcome this artifact, we identify a familiar face response in TP, reliably observed in individual brains. This area responds strongly to visual images of familiar faces over unfamiliar faces, objects, and scenes. However, TP did not just respond to images of faces, but also to a variety of high-level social cognitive tasks, including semantic, episodic, and theory of mind tasks. The response profile of TP contrasted with a nearby region of the perirhinal cortex that responded specifically to faces, but not to social cognition tasks. TP was functionally connected with a distributed network in the association cortex associated with social cognition, while PR was functionally connected with face-preferring areas of the ventral visual cortex. This work identifies a missing link in the human face processing system that specifically processes familiar faces, and is well placed to integrate visual information about faces with higher-order conceptual information about other people. The results suggest that separate streams for person and face processing reach anterior temporal areas positioned at the top of the cortical hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Deen
- Department of Psychology and Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA70118
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Gazi Husain
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY10065
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2
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Castro-Laguardia AM, Ontivero-Ortega M, Morato C, Lucas I, Vila J, Bobes León MA, Muñoz PG. Familiarity Processing through Faces and Names: Insights from Multivoxel Pattern Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 14:39. [PMID: 38248254 PMCID: PMC10813351 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The way our brain processes personal familiarity is still debatable. We used searchlight multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to identify areas where local fMRI patterns could contribute to familiarity detection for both faces and name categories. Significantly, we identified cortical areas in frontal, temporal, cingulate, and insular areas, where it is possible to accurately cross-classify familiar stimuli from one category using a classifier trained with the stimulus from the other (i.e., abstract familiarity) based on local fMRI patterns. We also discovered several areas in the fusiform gyrus, frontal, and temporal regions-primarily lateralized to the right hemisphere-supporting the classification of familiar faces but failing to do so for names. Also, responses to familiar names (compared to unfamiliar names) consistently showed less activation strength than responses to familiar faces (compared to unfamiliar faces). The results evinced a set of abstract familiarity areas (independent of the stimulus type) and regions specifically related only to face familiarity, contributing to recognizing familiar individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Castro-Laguardia
- Department of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, Cuban Center for Neurosciences (CNEURO), Rotonda La Muñeca, 15202 Avenida 25, La Habana 11600, Cuba; (A.M.C.-L.)
| | - Marlis Ontivero-Ortega
- Department of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, Cuban Center for Neurosciences (CNEURO), Rotonda La Muñeca, 15202 Avenida 25, La Habana 11600, Cuba; (A.M.C.-L.)
| | - Cristina Morato
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada (UGR), Avda. del Hospicio, s/n P.C., 18010 Granada, Spain (J.V.)
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada (UGR), Avda. del Hospicio, s/n P.C., 18010 Granada, Spain (J.V.)
| | - Jaime Vila
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada (UGR), Avda. del Hospicio, s/n P.C., 18010 Granada, Spain (J.V.)
| | - María Antonieta Bobes León
- Department of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, Cuban Center for Neurosciences (CNEURO), Rotonda La Muñeca, 15202 Avenida 25, La Habana 11600, Cuba; (A.M.C.-L.)
| | - Pedro Guerra Muñoz
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada (UGR), Avda. del Hospicio, s/n P.C., 18010 Granada, Spain (J.V.)
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Ficco L, Müller VI, Kaufmann JM, Schweinberger SR. Socio‐cognitive, expertise‐based and appearance‐based accounts of the other‐‘race’ effect in face perception: A label‐based systematic review of neuroimaging results. Br J Psychol 2022; 114 Suppl 1:45-69. [DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ficco
- Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany
- Department of Linguistics and Cultural Evolution International Max Planck Research School for the Science of Human History Jena Germany
| | - Veronika I. Müller
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine (INM‐7) Research Centre Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Jürgen M. Kaufmann
- Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany
| | - Stefan R. Schweinberger
- Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany
- Department of Linguistics and Cultural Evolution International Max Planck Research School for the Science of Human History Jena Germany
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4
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Autobiographical memory unknown: Pervasive autobiographical memory loss encompassing personality trait knowledge in an individual with medial temporal lobe amnesia. Cortex 2021; 147:41-57. [PMID: 35007893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory consists of distinct memory types varying from highly abstract to episodic. Self trait knowledge, which is considered one of the more abstract types of autobiographical memory, is thought to rely on regions of the autobiographical memory neural network implicated in schema representation, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and critically, not the medial temporal lobes. The current case study introduces an individual who experienced bilateral posterior cerebral artery strokes resulting in extensive medial temporal lobe damage with sparing of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, in addition to severe retrograde and anterograde episodic and autobiographical fact amnesia, this individual's self trait knowledge was impaired for his current and pre-morbid personality traits. Yet, further assessment revealed that this individual had preserved conceptual knowledge for personality traits, could reliably and accurately rate another person's traits, and could access his own self-concept in a variety of ways. In addition to autobiographical memory loss, he demonstrated impairment on non-personal semantic memory tests, most notably on tests requiring retrieval of unique knowledge. This rare case of amnesia suggests a previously unreported role for the medial temporal lobes in self trait knowledge, which we propose reflects the critical role of this neural region in the storage and retrieval of personal semantics that are experience-near, meaning autobiographical facts grounded in spatiotemporal contexts.
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Putnam AL, Drake SM, Wang SY, DeSoto KA. Collective memory for American leaders: Measuring recognition for the names and faces of the US presidents. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255209. [PMID: 34311467 PMCID: PMC8313295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective memory studies show that Americans remember their presidents in a predictable pattern, which can be described as a serial position curve with an additional spike for Abraham Lincoln. However, all prior studies have tested Americans' collective memory for the presidents by their names. How well do Americans know the faces of the presidents? In two experiments, we investigated presidential facial recognition and compared facial recognition to name recognition. In Experiment 1, an online sample judged whether each of the official portraits of the US presidents and similar portraits of nonpresidents depicted a US president. The facial recognition rate (around 60%) was lower than the name recognition rate in past research (88%), but the overall pattern still fit a serial position curve. Some nonpresidents, such as Alexander Hamilton, were still falsely identified as presidents at high rates. In Experiment 2, a college sample completed a recognition task composed of both faces and names to directly compare the recognition rates. As predicted, subjects recognized the names of the presidents more frequently than the faces. Some presidents were frequently identified by their names but not by their faces (e.g. John Quincy Adams), while others were the opposite (e.g. Calvin Coolidge). Together, our studies show that Americans' memory for the faces of the presidents is somewhat worse than their memory for the names of the presidents but still follows the same pattern, indicating that collective memories contain more than just verbal information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Putnam
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah Madison Drake
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Serene Y. Wang
- Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - K. Andrew DeSoto
- Association for Psychological Science, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Kovács G. Getting to Know Someone: Familiarity, Person Recognition, and Identification in the Human Brain. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:2205-2225. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In our everyday life, we continuously get to know people, dominantly through their faces. Several neuroscientific experiments showed that familiarization changes the behavioral processing and underlying neural representation of faces of others. Here, we propose a model of the process of how we actually get to know someone. First, the purely visual familiarization of unfamiliar faces occurs. Second, the accumulation of associated, nonsensory information refines person representation, and finally, one reaches a stage where the effortless identification of very well-known persons occurs. We offer here an overview of neuroimaging studies, first evaluating how and in what ways the processing of unfamiliar and familiar faces differs and, second, by analyzing the fMRI adaptation and multivariate pattern analysis results we estimate where identity-specific representation is found in the brain. The available neuroimaging data suggest that different aspects of the information emerge gradually as one gets more and more familiar with a person within the same network. We propose a novel model of familiarity and identity processing, where the differential activation of long-term memory and emotion processing areas is essential for correct identification.
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Macoir J, Pilote-Paradis S, Lacoste L, Proulx M, Auclair-Ouellet N. Of logos and men: semantic memory impairment for unique entities in a case of semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia. Neurocase 2020; 26:188-196. [PMID: 32615858 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2020.1772311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an individual (NG) with the semantic varient of primary progressive aphasis (svPPA) was assessed with tasks designed to investigate the recognition and activation of semantic knowledge about unique entities. NG had significant difficulties in the recognition of brand names and famous names but was largely unimpaired in the recognition of logos and famous faces. However, she was impaired in tasks requiring the activation of semantic representations of logos, brand names, famous faces, and famous names. These results suggest that the recognition of unique entities results from the interaction of perceptual and conceptual processes and, that the ability to activate semantic information about these entities can be affected in svPPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Macoir
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Réadaptation, Université Laval , Québec, Canada.,Centre De Recherche CERVO - Brain Research Centre , Québec, Canada
| | - S Pilote-Paradis
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Réadaptation, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - L Lacoste
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Réadaptation, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - M Proulx
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Réadaptation, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - N Auclair-Ouellet
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University , Montreal, Canada.,Language and Music, Centre for Research on Brain , Montreal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal , Montreal, Canada
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Volfart A, Jonas J, Maillard L, Colnat-Coulbois S, Rossion B. Neurophysiological evidence for crossmodal (face-name) person-identity representation in the human left ventral temporal cortex. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000659. [PMID: 32243450 PMCID: PMC7159237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Putting a name to a face is a highly common activity in our daily life that greatly enriches social interactions. Although this specific person-identity association becomes automatic with learning, it remains difficult and can easily be disrupted in normal circumstances or neurological conditions. To shed light on the neural basis of this important and yet poorly understood association between different input modalities in the human brain, we designed a crossmodal frequency-tagging paradigm coupled to brain activity recording via scalp and intracerebral electroencephalography. In Experiment 1, 12 participants were presented with variable pictures of faces and written names of a single famous identity at a 4-Hz frequency rate while performing an orthogonal task. Every 7 items, another famous identity appeared, either as a face or a name. Robust electrophysiological responses were found exactly at the frequency of identity change (i.e., 4 Hz / 7 = 0.571 Hz), suggesting a crossmodal neural response to person identity. In Experiment 2 with twenty participants, two control conditions with periodic changes of identity for faces or names only were added to estimate the contribution of unimodal neural activity to the putative crossmodal face-name responses. About 30% of the response occurring at the frequency of crossmodal identity change over the left occipito-temporal cortex could not be accounted for by the linear sum of unimodal responses. Finally, intracerebral recordings in the left ventral anterior temporal lobe (ATL) in 7 epileptic patients tested with this paradigm revealed a small number of "pure" crossmodal responses, i.e., with no response to changes of identity for faces or names only. Altogether, these observations provide evidence for integration of verbal and nonverbal person identity-specific information in the human brain, highlighting the contribution of the left ventral ATL in the automatic retrieval of face-name identity associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Volfart
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Research in Psychological Science, Institute of Neuroscience, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jacques Jonas
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy, France
| | - Louis Maillard
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Colnat-Coulbois
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurochirurgie, Nancy, France
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Research in Psychological Science, Institute of Neuroscience, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy, France
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10
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Vila J, Morato C, Lucas I, Guerra P, Castro-Laguardia AM, Bobes MA. The affective processing of loved familiar faces and names: Integrating fMRI and heart rate. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216057. [PMID: 31039182 PMCID: PMC6490893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroscientific study of love has been boosted by an extended corpus of research on face-identity recognition. However, few studies have compared the emotional mechanisms activated by loved faces and names and none have simultaneously examined fMRI and autonomic measures. The present study combined fMRI with the heart rate response when 21 participants (10 males) passively viewed the face or the written name of 4 loved people and 4 unknown people. The results showed accelerative patterns in heart rate, together with brain activations, which were significantly higher for loved people than for unknown people. Significant correlations were found between heart rate and brain activation in frontal areas, for faces, and in temporal areas, for names. The results are discussed in the context of previous studies using the same passive viewing procedure, highlighting the relevance of integrating peripheral and central measures in the scientific study of positive emotion and love.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Vila
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristina Morato
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Schneider B, Heskje J, Bruss J, Tranel D, Belfi AM. The left temporal pole is a convergence region mediating the relation between names and semantic knowledge for unique entities: Further evidence from a "recognition-from-name" study in neurological patients. Cortex 2018; 109:14-24. [PMID: 30273798 PMCID: PMC6263857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has implicated the left temporal pole (LTP) as a critical region for naming semantically unique items, including famous faces, landmarks, and musical melodies. Most studies have used a confrontation naming paradigm, where a participant is presented with a stimulus and asked to retrieve its name. We have proposed previously that the LTP functions as a two-way, bidirectional convergence region brokering between conceptual knowledge and proper names for unique entities. Under this hypothesis, damage to the LTP should result in a "two way" impairment: (1) defective proper name retrieval when presented with a unique stimulus (as shown in prior work); and (2) defective concept retrieval when presented with a proper name. Here, we directly tested the second prediction using a "recognition-from-name" paradigm. Participants were patients with LTP damage, brain-damaged comparisons with damage outside the LTP, and healthy comparisons. Participants were presented with names of famous persons (e.g., "Marilyn Monroe"), landmarks (e.g., "Leaning Tower of Pisa"), or melodies (e.g., "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer") and were asked to provide conceptual knowledge about each. We found that individuals with damage to the LTP were significantly impaired at conceptual knowledge retrieval when given names of famous people and landmarks (but this finding did not hold for melodies). This outcome supports the theory that the LTP is a bidirectional convergence region for proper naming, but suggests that melody retrieval may rely on processes different from those supported by the LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, USA
| | - Jonah Heskje
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, USA
| | - Joel Bruss
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, USA
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, USA
| | - Amy M Belfi
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA.
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Schrouff J, Monteiro JM, Portugal L, Rosa MJ, Phillips C, Mourão-Miranda J. Embedding Anatomical or Functional Knowledge in Whole-Brain Multiple Kernel Learning Models. Neuroinformatics 2018; 16:117-143. [PMID: 29297140 PMCID: PMC5797202 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-017-9347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition models have been increasingly applied to neuroimaging data over the last two decades. These applications have ranged from cognitive neuroscience to clinical problems. A common limitation of these approaches is that they do not incorporate previous knowledge about the brain structure and function into the models. Previous knowledge can be embedded into pattern recognition models by imposing a grouping structure based on anatomically or functionally defined brain regions. In this work, we present a novel approach that uses group sparsity to model the whole brain multivariate pattern as a combination of regional patterns. More specifically, we use a sparse version of Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) to simultaneously learn the contribution of each brain region, previously defined by an atlas, to the decision function. Our application of MKL provides two beneficial features: (1) it can lead to improved overall generalisation performance when the grouping structure imposed by the atlas is consistent with the data; (2) it can identify a subset of relevant brain regions for the predictive model. In order to investigate the effect of the grouping in the proposed MKL approach we compared the results of three different atlases using three different datasets. The method has been implemented in the new version of the open-source Pattern Recognition for Neuroimaging Toolbox (PRoNTo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schrouff
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.
- GIGA Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - J M Monteiro
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, UK
| | - L Portugal
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - M J Rosa
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, UK
| | - C Phillips
- GIGA Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Mourão-Miranda
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, UK
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Bayer M, Rubens MT, Johnstone T. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI reveals attention-dependent coupling of early face processing with a distributed cortical network. Biol Psychol 2017; 132:133-142. [PMID: 29246813 PMCID: PMC5809026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Distributed cortical activation to faces covaries with ERPs as early as 100 ms. Covariations depend on both sustained attention and trial-by-trial cognitive conflict. Top-down gating might apply to earlier visual processing stages than previously known.
The speed of visual processing is central to our understanding of face perception. Yet the extent to which early visual processing influences later processing in distributed face processing networks, and the top-down modulation of such bottom-up effects, remains unclear. We used simultaneous EEG-fMRI to investigate cortical activity that showed unique covariation with ERP components of face processing (C1, P1, N170, P3), while manipulating sustained attention and transient cognitive conflict employing an emotional face-word Stroop task. ERP markers of visual processing within 100 ms after stimulus onset showed covariation with brain activation in precuneous, posterior cingulate gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus and frontal operculum, and a left lateral parietal-occipital cluster, illustrating the impact of early stage processing on higher-order mechanisms. Crucially, this covariation depended on sustained attentional focus and was absent for incongruent trials, suggesting flexible top-down gating of bottom-up processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Bayer
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Michael T Rubens
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Tom Johnstone
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Huijbers W, Papp KV, LaPoint M, Wigman SE, Dagley A, Hedden T, Rentz DM, Schultz AP, Sperling RA. Age-Related Increases in Tip-of-the-tongue are Distinct from Decreases in Remembering Names: A Functional MRI Study. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:4339-4349. [PMID: 27578492 PMCID: PMC6074848 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experiences increase with age and frequently heighten concerns about memory decline. We studied 73 clinically normal older adults participating in the Harvard Aging Brain Study. They completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task that required remembering names associated with pictures of famous faces. Older age was associated with more self-reported TOT experiences and a decrease in the percentage of remembered names. However, the percentage of TOT experiences and the percentage of remembered names were not directly correlated. We mapped fMRI activity for recollection of famous names and TOT and examined activity in the hippocampal formation, retrosplenial cortex, and lateral prefrontal cortex. The hippocampal formation was similarly activated in recollection and TOT experiences. In contrast, the retrosplenial cortex was most active for recollection and lateral prefrontal cortex was most active for TOT experiences. Together, the results confirm that age-related increases in TOT experiences are not only solely the consequence of age-related decline in recollection, but also likely reflect functional alterations in the brain networks that support retrieval monitoring and cognitive control. These findings provide behavioral and neuroimaging evidence that age-related TOT experiences and memory failure are partially independent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Huijbers
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Department of Population Health Sciences, Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathryn V. Papp
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Molly LaPoint
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah E. Wigman
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex Dagley
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Trey Hedden
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Dorene M. Rentz
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron P. Schultz
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Raufelder D, Hoferichter F, Romund L, Golde S, Lorenz RC, Beck A. Adolescents' Socio-Motivational Relationships With Teachers, Amygdala Response to Teacher's Negative Facial Expressions, and Test Anxiety. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2016; 26:706-722. [PMID: 28453203 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala is essential for processing emotions, including the processing of aversive faces. The aim of this multimethodological study was to relate the amygdala reactivity of students (N = 88) toward teachers' fearful and angry faces, to students' relationship with their teachers. Furthermore, students' neural responses during the perception of teachers' faces were tested as predictors of test anxiety (controlling for neuroticism as a potential trait anxiety effect). Multiple regression analysis revealed that students reporting high-quality teacher-student relationships showed stronger amygdala activity toward fearful faces, which was related to worry. Furthermore, students with high levels of neuroticism tended to perceive their teachers as motivators and showed higher amygdala activity toward angry faces, which was related to the measures of emotionality.
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16
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Chedid G, Wilson MA, Provost JS, Joubert S, Rouleau I, Brambati SM. Differential Involvement of the Anterior Temporal Lobes in Famous People Semantics. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1333. [PMID: 27625630 PMCID: PMC5003890 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to recognize a famous person occurs through semantic memory. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that the anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) are involved in the recognition of famous people. However, it is still a matter of debate whether the semantic processing of names or pictures of famous people has an impact on the activation of ATLs. The aim of this study was to explore the pattern of activation associated with a semantic processing of famous people based on face and written name stimuli. Fifteen healthy young individuals participated in our fMRI study, in which they were asked to perform a semantic categorization judgment task, based on profession, of visually presented pictures, and names of famous people. Neuroimaging findings showed a common pattern of activation for faces and names mainly involving the inferior frontal regions, the posterior temporal lobe, the visual cortex, and the ATLs. We found that the comparison names vs. pictures lead to significant activation in the anterior superior temporal gyrus. On the other hand, faces vs. names seemed associated with increased activation in the medial ATL. Moreover, our results demonstrated that the functional connectivity network anchored to the medial ATL, compared to the anterior STG, is more connected to the bilateral occipital lobe and fusiform gyrus that are regions implicated in the visual system and visual processing of faces. This study provides critical evidence of the differential involvement of ATL regions in semantics of famous people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Chedid
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire Gériatrique de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maximiliano A Wilson
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sebastien Provost
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire Gériatrique de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sven Joubert
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire Gériatrique de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simona M Brambati
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire Gériatrique de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
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17
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Weibert K, Harris RJ, Mitchell A, Byrne H, Young AW, Andrews TJ. An image-invariant neural response to familiar faces in the human medial temporal lobe. Cortex 2016; 84:34-42. [PMID: 27697662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to recognise familiar faces with ease across different viewing conditions contrasts with the inherent difficulty in the perception of unfamiliar faces across similar image manipulations. Models of face processing suggest that this difference is based on the neural representation for familiar faces being more invariant to changes in the image, than it is for unfamiliar faces. Here, we used an fMR-adaptation paradigm to investigate neural correlates of image-invariant face recognition in face-selective regions of the human brain. Participants viewed faces presented in a blocked design. Each block contained different images of the same identity or different images from different identities. Faces in each block were either familiar or unfamiliar to the participants. First, we defined face-selective regions by comparing the response to faces with the response to scenes and scrambled faces. Next, we asked whether any of these face-selective regions showed image-invariant adaptation to the identity of a face. The core face-selective regions showed image-invariant adaptation to familiar and unfamiliar faces. However, there was no difference in the adaptation to familiar compared to unfamiliar faces. In contrast, image-invariant adaptation for familiar faces, but not for unfamiliar faces, was found in face-selective regions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Taken together, our results suggest that the marked differences in the perception of familiar and unfamiliar faces may depend critically on neural processes in the medial temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Weibert
- Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Harris
- Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Mitchell
- Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Hollie Byrne
- Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W Young
- Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Andrews
- Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
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18
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Lee JS, Kim ES, Kim EJ, Kim J, Kim E, Lee SK, Kim JJ. The relationship between self-referential processing-related brain activity and anhedonia in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 254:112-118. [PMID: 27399308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the possible relationship between impaired self-referential processing and anhedonia, it has not yet been investigated. This study investigated an abnormality in brain activation associated with self-referential processing and its relationship with anhedonia in schizophrenia, specifically in self-related brain regions of interest. Twenty patients with schizophrenia and 25 controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while rating the degree of relevance between faces (self, familiar other, or unfamiliar other) and words (positive, negative, or neutral). Brain activation in self-related regions, including the ventral and dorsal medial prefrontal cortices, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and insula, were compared between groups and their correlations with anhedonia level were calculated. Compared to controls, patients were less likely to rate negative words as irrelevant for the self face. Patients showed significantly increased activation in the ACC and precuneus compared to controls, irrespective of conditions. ACC activity in the self-neutral word condition was positively correlated with anhedonia score in patients. These results suggest that patients with schizophrenia may have an abnormality in the self-related cortical midline structures and particularly, abnormal ACC activation may be involved in anhedonia. Disrupted self-referential processing may be a possible cause of anhedonia in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Suk Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan-ro 100, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational therapy, Chunnam Techno University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Graduate School of Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohan Kim
- Department of Communication, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eosu Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Ruz M, Aranda C, Sarmiento BR, Sanabria D. Attention to individual identities modulates face processing. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:1491-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Rao SM, Bonner-Jackson A, Nielson KA, Seidenberg M, Smith JC, Woodard JL, Durgerian S. Genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease alters the five-year trajectory of semantic memory activation in cognitively intact elders. Neuroimage 2015; 111:136-46. [PMID: 25687593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with cognitive declines typically accompanied by increased task-related brain activity in comparison to younger counterparts. The Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC) (Park and Reuter-Lorenz, 2009; Reuter-Lorenz and Park, 2014) posits that compensatory brain processes are responsible for maintaining normal cognitive performance in older adults, despite accumulation of aging-related neural damage. Cross-sectional studies indicate that cognitively intact elders at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) demonstrate patterns of increased brain activity compared to low risk elders, suggesting that compensation represents an early response to AD-associated pathology. Whether this compensatory response persists or declines with the onset of cognitive impairment can only be addressed using a longitudinal design. The current prospective, 5-year longitudinal study examined brain activation in APOE ε4 carriers (N=24) and non-carriers (N=21). All participants, ages 65-85 and cognitively intact at study entry, underwent task-activated fMRI, structural MRI, and neuropsychological assessments at baseline, 18, and 57 months. fMRI activation was measured in response to a semantic memory task requiring participants to discriminate famous from non-famous names. Results indicated that the trajectory of change in brain activation while performing this semantic memory task differed between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers. The APOE ε4 group exhibited greater activation than the Low Risk group at baseline, but they subsequently showed a progressive decline in activation during the follow-up periods with corresponding emergence of episodic memory loss and hippocampal atrophy. In contrast, the non-carriers demonstrated a gradual increase in activation over the 5-year period. Our results are consistent with the STAC model by demonstrating that compensation varies with the severity of underlying neural damage and can be exhausted with the onset of cognitive symptoms and increased structural brain pathology. Our fMRI results could not be attributed to changes in task performance, group differences in cerebral perfusion, or regional cortical atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Rao
- Schey Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.
| | - Aaron Bonner-Jackson
- Schey Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Kristy A Nielson
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael Seidenberg
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - John L Woodard
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Sally Durgerian
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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21
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Abstract
We investigated the lateralized processing of featural and configural information in face recognition in two divided visual field studies. In Experiment 1, participants matched the identity of a cue face containing either featural (scrambled faces) or configural (blurred faces) information with an intact test face presented subsequently either in the right visual field (RVF) or in the left visual field (LVF). Unilateral presentation was controlled by monitoring eye movements. The results show an advantage of the left hemisphere (LH) over the right hemisphere (RH) for featural processing and a specialization of the RH for configural compared to featural processing. In Experiment 2, we focused on configural processing and its relationship to familiarity. Either learned or novel test faces were presented in the LVF or the RVF. Participants recognized learned faces better when presented in the LVF than in the RVF, suggesting that the RH has an advantage in the recognition of learned faces. Because the recognition of familiar faces relies strongly on configural information ( Buttle & Raymond, 2003 ), we argue that the advantage of the RH over the LH in configural processing is a function of familiarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bombari
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nora Preuss
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fred W. Mast
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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22
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Belfi AM, Tranel D. Impaired naming of famous musical melodies is associated with left temporal polar damage. Neuropsychology 2013; 28:429-435. [PMID: 24364392 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has shown that damage to the left temporal pole (LTP) is associated with impaired retrieval of words for unique entities, including names of famous people and landmarks. However, it is not known whether retrieving names for famous melodies is associated with the LTP. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that damage to the LTP would be associated with impaired naming of famous musical melodies. METHOD A Melody Naming Test was administered to patients with LTP damage, brain damaged comparison (BDC) patients, and normal comparison participants (NC). The test included various well-known melodies (e.g., "Pop Goes the Weasel"). After hearing each melody, participants were asked to rate their familiarity with the melody and identify it by name. RESULTS LTP patients named significantly fewer melodies than BDC and NC participants. Recognition of melodies did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that LTP supports retrieval of names for famous melodies. More broadly, these results extend support for the theoretical notion that LTP is important for retrieving proper names for unique concepts, irrespectively of stimulus modality or category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Belfi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Iowa
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23
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Couto B, Manes F, Montañés P, Matallana D, Reyes P, Velasquez M, Yoris A, Baez S, Ibáñez A. Structural neuroimaging of social cognition in progressive non-fluent aphasia and behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:467. [PMID: 23966929 PMCID: PMC3744869 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social cognition impairments are pervasive in the frontotemporal dementias (FTD). These deficits would be triggered by (a) basic emotion and face recognition processes as well as by (b) higher level social cognition (e.g., theory of mind, ToM). Both emotional processing and social cognition impairments have been previously reported in the behavioral variant of FTD (bvFTD) and also in other versions of FTDs, including primary progressive aphasia. However, no neuroanatomic comparison between different FTD variants has been performed. We report selective behavioral impairments of face recognition, emotion recognition, and ToM in patients with bvFTD and progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA) when compared to controls. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) shows a classical impairment of mainly orbitofrontal (OFC), anterior cingulate (ACC), insula and lateral temporal cortices in patients. Comparative analysis of regional gray matter related to social cognition deficits (VBM) reveals a differential pattern of fronto-insulo-temporal atrophy in bvFTD and an insulo-temporal involvement in PNFA group. Results suggest that in spite of similar social cognition impairments reported in bvFTD and PNFA, the former represents an inherent ToM affectation whereas in the PNFA these deficits could be related to more basic processes of face and emotion recognition. These results are interpreted in the frame of the fronto-insulo-temporal social context network model (SCNM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Blas Couto
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Marusak HA, Carré JM, Thomason ME. The stimuli drive the response: an fMRI study of youth processing adult or child emotional face stimuli. Neuroimage 2013; 83:679-89. [PMID: 23851324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective navigation of the social world relies on the correct interpretation of facial emotions. This may be particularly important in formative years. Critically, literature examining the emergence of face processing in youth (children and adolescents) has focused on the neural and behavioral correlates of processing adult faces, which are relationally different from youth participants, and whose facial expressions may convey different meaning than faces of their peers. During a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan, we compared concurrent neural and behavioral responses as youth (N=25) viewed validated, emotionally varied (i.e., anger, fear, happy, and neutral) adult and child face stimuli. We observed that participants made fewer errors when matching adult, compared to child, face stimuli, and that while similar brain regions were involved in processing both adult and child faces, activation in the face processing neural network was greater for adult than child faces. This was true across emotions, and also when comparing neutral adult versus neutral child faces. Additionally, a valence by stimuli-type effect was observed within the amygdala. That is, within adult face stimuli, negative and neutral face stimuli elicited the largest effects, whereas within child face stimuli, happy face stimuli elicited the largest amygdala effects. Thus, heightened engagement of the amygdala was observed for happy child and angry adult faces, which may reflect age-specific salience of select emotions in early life. This study provides evidence that the relational age of the perceived face influences neural processing in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Marusak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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25
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Von Der Heide RJ, Skipper LM, Olson IR. Anterior temporal face patches: a meta-analysis and empirical study. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:17. [PMID: 23378834 PMCID: PMC3561664 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) plays an important role in person identification and memory. In humans, neuroimaging studies of person memory report consistent activations in the ATL to famous and personally familiar faces and studies of patients report resection or damage of the ATL causes an associative prosopagnosia in which face perception is intact but face memory is compromised. In addition, high-resolution fMRI studies of non-human primates and electrophysiological studies of humans also suggest regions of the ventral ATL are sensitive to novel faces. The current study extends previous findings by investigating whether similar subregions in the dorsal, ventral, lateral, or polar aspects of the ATL are sensitive to personally familiar, famous, and novel faces. We present the results of two studies of person memory: a meta-analysis of existing fMRI studies and an empirical fMRI study using optimized imaging parameters. Both studies showed left-lateralized ATL activations to familiar individuals while novel faces activated the right ATL. Activations to famous faces were quite ventral, similar to what has been reported in previous high-resolution fMRI studies of non-human primates. These findings suggest that face memory-sensitive patches in the human ATL are in the ventral/polar ATL.
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26
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Olson IR, McCoy D, Klobusicky E, Ross LA. Social cognition and the anterior temporal lobes: a review and theoretical framework. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2012; 8:123-33. [PMID: 23051902 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory for people and their relationships, along with memory for social language and social behaviors, constitutes a specific type of semantic memory termed social knowledge. This review focuses on how and where social knowledge is represented in the brain. We propose that portions of the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) play a critical role in representing and retrieving social knowledge. This includes memory about people, their names and biographies and more abstract forms of social memory such as memory for traits and social concepts. This hypothesis is based on the convergence of several lines of research including anatomical findings, lesion evidence from both humans and non-human primates and neuroimaging evidence. Moreover, the ATL is closely interconnected with cortical nuclei of the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex via the uncinate fasciculus. We propose that this pattern of connectivity underlies the function of the ATL in encoding and storing emotionally tagged knowledge that is used to guide orbitofrontal-based decision processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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27
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Brouillette RM, Martin CK, Correa JB, Davis AB, Han H, Johnson WD, Foil HC, Hymel A, Keller JN. Memory for names test provides a useful confrontational naming task for aging and continuum of dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 23:665-71. [PMID: 21304184 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need to develop new neuropsychometric tools sensitive enough to detect subtle declines in cognitive performance during normal aging, as well as to distinguish between normal aging and the earliest stages of dementia. In this study, we report our findings regarding a new confrontational naming test, the Memory for Names test. We conducted evaluations utilizing a cohort of 234 elderly participants who comprised a spectrum of cognitive function ranging from normal for age (Uniform Data Set Overall Appraisal = 2, Clinical Dementia Rating = 0) to demented (Clinical Dementia Rating = 1-2, Mini Mental Status Examination Total Score <25). The Memory for Names test was found to measure the same cognitive construct as the Boston Naming Test. In conclusion, the Memory for Names test is a reliable and valid measure of age-related cognitive function that can discriminate between normal aging and mild cognitive impairment, and between mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
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28
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Sugarman MA, Woodard JL, Nielson KA, Seidenberg M, Smith JC, Durgerian S, Rao SM. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of semantic memory as a presymptomatic biomarker of Alzheimer's disease risk. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:442-56. [PMID: 21996618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research efforts have been directed toward strategies for predicting risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) prior to the appearance of observable symptoms. Existing approaches for early detection of AD vary in terms of their efficacy, invasiveness, and ease of implementation. Several non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging strategies have been developed for predicting decline in cognitively healthy older adults. This review will survey a number of studies, beginning with the development of a famous name discrimination task used to identify neural regions that participate in semantic memory retrieval and to test predictions of several key theories of the role of the hippocampus in memory. This task has revealed medial temporal and neocortical contributions to recent and remote memory retrieval, and it has been used to demonstrate compensatory neural recruitment in older adults, apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers, and amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients. Recently, we have also found that the famous name discrimination task provides predictive value for forecasting episodic memory decline among asymptomatic older adults. Other studies investigating the predictive value of semantic memory tasks will also be presented. We suggest several advantages associated with the use of semantic processing tasks, particularly those based on person identification, in comparison to episodic memory tasks to study AD risk. Future directions for research and potential clinical uses of semantic memory paradigms are also discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Imaging Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative disease.
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29
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Silverberg NB, Ryan LM, Carrillo MC, Sperling R, Petersen RC, Posner HB, Snyder PJ, Hilsabeck R, Gallagher M, Raber J, Rizzo A, Possin K, King J, Kaye J, Ott BR, Albert MS, Wagster MV, Schinka JA, Cullum CM, Farias ST, Balota D, Rao S, Loewenstein D, Budson AE, Brandt J, Manly JJ, Barnes L, Strutt A, Gollan TH, Ganguli M, Babcock D, Litvan I, Kramer JH, Ferman TJ. Assessment of cognition in early dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7:e60-e76. [PMID: 23559893 PMCID: PMC3613863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Better tools for assessing cognitive impairment in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are required to enable diagnosis of the disease before substantial neurodegeneration has taken place and to allow detection of subtle changes in the early stages of progression of the disease. The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association convened a meeting to discuss state of the art methods for cognitive assessment, including computerized batteries, as well as new approaches in the pipeline. Speakers described research using novel tests of object recognition, spatial navigation, attentional control, semantic memory, semantic interference, prospective memory, false memory and executive function as among the tools that could provide earlier identification of individuals with AD. In addition to early detection, there is a need for assessments that reflect real-world situations in order to better assess functional disability. It is especially important to develop assessment tools that are useful in ethnically, culturally and linguistically diverse populations as well as in individuals with neurodegenerative disease other than AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina B. Silverberg
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Laurie M. Ryan
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | | | - Reisa Sperling
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Peter J. Snyder
- Rhode Island Hospital and Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Robin Hilsabeck
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and Psychology Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Neurology and Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University
| | - Albert Rizzo
- University of Southern California, Institute for Creative Technologies, Playa Vista, CA
| | - Katherine Possin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jonathan King
- Division of Behavioral and Social Research, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Jeffrey Kaye
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, Layton Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR
| | - Brian R. Ott
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Street, Providence, RI
| | - Marilyn S. Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Molly V. Wagster
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - John A. Schinka
- James A. Haley VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - C. Munro Cullum
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX
| | - Sarah T. Farias
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - David Balota
- Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen Rao
- Schey Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - David Loewenstein
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
| | - Andrew E. Budson
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Bedford, MA and Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA
| | - Jason Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer J. Manly
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Lisa Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, and Department of Behavioral Sciences, 4Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Tamar H. Gollan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Debra Babcock
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Irene Litvan
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tanis J. Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
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