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Vázquez D, Peña-Flores N, Maulhardt SR, Solway A, Charpentier CJ, Roesch MR. Anterior cingulate cortex lesions impair multiple facets of task engagement not mediated by dorsomedial striatum neuron firing. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae332. [PMID: 39128939 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated across multiple highly specialized cognitive functions-including task engagement, motivation, error detection, attention allocation, value processing, and action selection. Here, we ask if ACC lesions disrupt task performance and firing in dorsomedial striatum (DMS) during the performance of a reward-guided decision-making task that engages many of these cognitive functions. We found that ACC lesions impacted several facets of task performance-including decreasing the initiation and completion of trials, slowing reaction times, and resulting in suboptimal and inaccurate action selection. Reductions in movement times towards the end of behavioral sessions further suggested attenuations in motivation, which paralleled reductions in directional action selection signals in the DMS that were observed later in recording sessions. Surprisingly, however, beyond altered action signals late in sessions-neural correlates in the DMS were largely unaffected, even though behavior was disrupted at multiple levels. We conclude that ACC lesions result in overall deficits in task engagement that impact multiple facets of task performance during our reward-guided decision-making task, which-beyond impacting motivated action signals-arise from dysregulated attentional signals in the ACC and are mediated via downstream targets other than DMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vázquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Norma Peña-Flores
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sean R Maulhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alec Solway
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Caroline J Charpentier
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Matthew R Roesch
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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2
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Vázquez D, Maulhardt SR, Stalnaker TA, Solway A, Charpentier CJ, Roesch MR. Optogenetic Inhibition of Rat Anterior Cingulate Cortex Impairs the Ability to Initiate and Stay on Task. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1850232024. [PMID: 38569923 PMCID: PMC11097287 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1850-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Our prior research has identified neural correlates of cognitive control in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), leading us to hypothesize that the ACC is necessary for increasing attention as rats flexibly learn new contingencies during a complex reward-guided decision-making task. Here, we tested this hypothesis by using optogenetics to transiently inhibit the ACC, while rats of either sex performed the same two-choice task. ACC inhibition had a profound impact on behavior that extended beyond deficits in attention during learning when expected outcomes were uncertain. We found that ACC inactivation slowed and reduced the number of trials rats initiated and impaired both their accuracy and their ability to complete sessions. Furthermore, drift-diffusion model analysis suggested that free-choice performance and evidence accumulation (i.e., reduced drift rates) were degraded during initial learning-leading to weaker associations that were more easily overridden in later trial blocks (i.e., stronger bias). Together, these results suggest that in addition to attention-related functions, the ACC contributes to the ability to initiate trials and generally stay on task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vázquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Sean R Maulhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Thomas A Stalnaker
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Alec Solway
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Caroline J Charpentier
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Matthew R Roesch
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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3
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Zhou B, Wang X, Yang Q, Wu F, Tang L, Wang J, Li C. Topological Alterations of the Brain Functional Network in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:834319. [PMID: 35517056 PMCID: PMC9063631 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.834319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the topological alterations of the brain functional network in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and graph theory approaches. In total, 27 T2DM patients with MCI, 27 T2DM patients without MCI, and 27 healthy controls (HCs) underwent rs-fMRI scanning. The whole-brain functional network was constructed by thresholding the Pearson’s correlation matrices of 90 brain regions. The topological organization of the constructed networks was analyzed by using graph theory approaches. The global and nodal properties of the participants in the three groups were compared by using one-way ANOVA as well as post hoc Tukey’s t-tests. The relationships between the altered topological properties and clinical features or scores of neuropsychological tests were analyzed in T2DM patients with MCI. At the global level, the global and local efficiency of the patients in the T2DM with MCI group were significantly higher than that of participants in the HCs group, and the length of the characteristic path was significantly lower than that of the participants in the HCs group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found among the other groups. At the nodal level, when compared with T2DM patients without MCI, T2DM patients with MCI showed significantly increased nodal centrality in four brain regions, which were mainly located in the orbitofrontal lobe and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the T2DM patients without MCI and HCs. Moreover, nodal degree related coefficient (r = −0381, p = 0.050) and nodal efficiency (r = −0.405, P = 0.036) of the ACG showed a significant closed correlation with the scores of the digit span backward test in the T2DM patients with MCI. Our results suggested that the increased nodal properties in brain regions of the orbitofrontal lobe and ACG were biomarkers of cognitive impairment in T2DM patients and could be used for its early diagnosis. The global topological alterations may be related to the combination of MCI and T2DM, rather than any of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiwan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qifang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Faqi Wu
- Department of Medical Service, Yanzhuang Central Hospital of Gangcheng District, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang,
| | - Chuanming Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chuanming Li,
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4
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Drakulich S, Sitartchouk A, Olafson E, Sarhani R, Thiffault AC, Chakravarty M, Evans AC, Karama S. General cognitive ability and pericortical contrast. INTELLIGENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2022.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McCall JD, Vivian Dickens J, Mandal AS, DeMarco AT, Fama ME, Lacey EH, Kelkar A, Medaglia JD, Turkeltaub PE. Structural disconnection of the posterior medial frontal cortex reduces speech error monitoring. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102934. [PMID: 34995870 PMCID: PMC8739872 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optimal performance in any task relies on the ability to detect and correct errors. The anterior cingulate cortex and the broader posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) are active during error processing. However, it is unclear whether damage to the pMFC impairs error monitoring. We hypothesized that successful error monitoring critically relies on connections between the pMFC and broader cortical networks involved in executive functions and the task being monitored. We tested this hypothesis in the context of speech error monitoring in people with post-stroke aphasia. Diffusion weighted images were collected in 51 adults with chronic left-hemisphere stroke and 37 age-matched control participants. Whole-brain connectomes were derived using constrained spherical deconvolution and anatomically-constrained probabilistic tractography. Support vector regressions identified white matter connections in which lost integrity in stroke survivors related to reduced error detection during confrontation naming. Lesioned connections to the bilateral pMFC were related to reduce error monitoring, including many connections to regions associated with speech production and executive function. We conclude that connections to the pMFC support error monitoring. Error monitoring in speech production is supported by the structural connectivity between the pMFC and regions involved in speech production, comprehension, and executive function. Interactions between pMFC and other task-relevant processors may similarly be critical for error monitoring in other task contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D McCall
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery and Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - J Vivian Dickens
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery and Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Ayan S Mandal
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery and Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; Psychiatry Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Andrew T DeMarco
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery and Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Mackenzie E Fama
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery and Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The George Washington University, DC 20052, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Lacey
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery and Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; Research Division, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Apoorva Kelkar
- Psychology Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John D Medaglia
- Psychology Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter E Turkeltaub
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery and Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; Research Division, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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6
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Villain N, Béra G, Habert MO, Kas A, Aubert J, Jaubert O, Valabregue R, Fernandez-Vidal S, Corvol JC, Mangone G, Lehéricy S, Vidailhet M, Grabli D. Dopamine denervation in the functional territories of the striatum: a new MR and atlas-based 123I-FP-CIT SPECT quantification method. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1841-1852. [PMID: 34704162 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current quantification methods of 123I-FP-CIT SPECT rely on anatomical parcellation of the striatum. We propose here to implement a new method based on MRI segmentation and functional atlas of the basal ganglia (MR-ATLAS) that could provide a reliable quantification within the sensorimotor, associative, and limbic territories of the striatum. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavioral disorder (iRBD), and healthy controls underwent 123I-FP-CIT SPECT, MRI, motor, and cognitive assessments. SPECT data were corrected for partial volume effects and registered to a functional atlas of the striatum to allow quantification in every functional region of the striatum (nucleus accumbens, limbic, associative, and sensorimotor parts of the striatum). The MR-ATLAS quantification method is proved to be reliable in every territory of the striatum. In addition, good correlations were found between cognitive dysexecutive tests and the binding within the functional (limbic) territories of the striatum using the MR-ATLAS method, slightly better than correlations found using the anatomical quantification method. This new MR-ATLAS method provides a robust and useful tool for studying the dopaminergic system in PD, particularly with respect to cognitive functions. It may also be relevant to further unravel the relationship between dopaminergic denervation and cognitive or behavioral symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Villain
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France. .,Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France.
| | - G Béra
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - M-O Habert
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - A Kas
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - J Aubert
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - O Jaubert
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - R Valabregue
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - S Fernandez-Vidal
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - J-C Corvol
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - G Mangone
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - S Lehéricy
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - M Vidailhet
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - D Grabli
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
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7
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Kim J, Kim H, Jeong H, Roh D, Kim DH. tACS as a promising therapeutic option for improving cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment: A direct comparison between tACS and tDCS. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 141:248-256. [PMID: 34256276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulation has gained attention as a potential non-pharmacological intervention for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, no studies have directly compared the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on MCI patients. We aimed to identify the more promising and efficient therapeutic option between tACS and tDCS for cognitive enhancement in MCI patients. We compared the effects of gamma-tACS with tDCS on cognitive function and electroencephalography (EEG) in MCI patients. In this sham-controlled, double-blinded, repeated-measures study with the order of the stimulation counterbalanced across patients (n = 20), both gamma-tACS (40 H z) and tDCS were administered at the same intensity (2 mA) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 30 min. Cognitive tests (Stroop and Trail-Making-Test [TMT]) and EEG were performed before and after single-session stimulation. Gamma-tACS improved the Stroop-color in comparison with tDCS (p = .044) and sham (p = .010) and enhanced the TMT-B in comparison with sham (p = .021). However, tDCS was not significantly different from sham in changes of any cognitive test scores. In EEG analysis, gamma-tACS increased beta activity in comparison with sham and tDCS, whereas tDCS decreased delta and theta activity in comparison with sham. Gamma-tACS also increased beta 2 source activity in the anterior cingulate, compared to sham. The cognitive benefits of tACS in MCI patients appeared superior to those of tDCS. tACS facilitated cognitive function by increasing beta activity, while tDCS delayed the progression of MCI symptoms by decreasing slow-frequency activity. Thus, tACS could be used as a new therapeutic option for MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Mind-Neuromodulation Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Kim
- Mind-Neuromodulation Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Jeong
- Mind-Neuromodulation Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyoung Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Mind-Neuromodulation Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Mind-Neuromodulation Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Intrinsic attention to pain is associated with a pronociceptive phenotype. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e934. [PMID: 34104840 PMCID: PMC8177874 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Capacity for modulation of incoming nociceptive signals is a determinant of our tendency to attend to pain. Introduction: Evidence suggests that attention to pain is a product of both incoming sensory signals and cognitive evaluation of a stimulus. Intrinsic attention to pain (IAP) is a measure that captures an individual's natural tendency to attend to a painful stimulus and may be important in understanding why pain disrupts cognitive functioning in some individuals more than others. Objective: In this study, we explored the extent to which IAP was associated with the modulation of incoming sensory signals characteristic of a pronociceptive phenotype: temporal summation (TS) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Method: 44 healthy participants (23 female; Mage=23.57, S.D.=5.50) were assessed on IAP, TS and CPM. Results: We found that IAP was positively correlated with TS and CPM. A regression model showed that TS and CPM explained 39% of the variance in IAP scores. Both mechanisms seem to contribute independently to the propensity to attend to pain. Conclusion: These findings highlight that modulatory mechanisms at the spinal/supraspinal level exert a strong influence on an individual's ability to disengage from pain.
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Briggs RG, Allan PG, Poologaindran A, Dadario NB, Young IM, Ahsan SA, Teo C, Sughrue ME. The Frontal Aslant Tract and Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome: Moving towards a Connectomic Initiation Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051116. [PMID: 33807749 PMCID: PMC7961364 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Connectomics enables us to map whole brain networks that can be applied to operative neurosurgery to improve neuro-oncological outcomes. Damage to the superior frontal gyrus during frontal lobe surgery is thought to induce supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome in patients. However, network-based modeling may provide a more accurate cortical model of SMA syndrome, including the Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT). The aim of our study was to retrospectively assess if surgical tractography with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) decreases the likelihood of SMA syndrome. Compared to patients who underwent surgery preserving the SFG (n = 23), patients who had their FAT and SMA networks mapped through DTI and subsequently preserved were less likely to experience transient SMA syndrome. Preserving the FAT and SMA improves functional outcomes in patients following medial frontal glioma surgery and demonstrates how network-based approaches can improve surgical outcomes. Abstract Connectomics is the use of big data to map the brain’s neural infrastructure; employing such technology to improve surgical planning may improve neuro-oncological outcomes. Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome is a well-known complication of medial frontal lobe surgery. The ‘localizationist’ view posits that damage to the posteromedial bank of the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) is the basis of SMA syndrome. However, surgical experience within the frontal lobe suggests that this is not entirely true. In a study on n = 45 patients undergoing frontal lobe glioma surgery, we sought to determine if a ‘connectomic’ or network-based approach can decrease the likelihood of SMA syndrome. The control group (n = 23) underwent surgery avoiding the posterior bank of the SFG while the treatment group (n = 22) underwent mapping of the SMA network and Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT) using network analysis and DTI tractography. Patient outcomes were assessed post operatively and in subsequent follow-ups. Fewer patients (8.3%) in the treatment group experienced transient SMA syndrome compared to the control group (47%) (p = 0.003). There was no statistically significant difference found between the occurrence of permanent SMA syndrome between control and treatment groups. We demonstrate how utilizing tractography and a network-based approach decreases the likelihood of transient SMA syndrome during medial frontal glioma surgery. We found that not transecting the FAT and the SMA system improved outcomes which may be important for functional outcomes and patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.G.B.); (P.G.A.)
| | - Parker G. Allan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.G.B.); (P.G.A.)
| | - Anujan Poologaindran
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
- Doctoral Program, The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Nicholas B. Dadario
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (N.B.D.); (I.M.Y.); (S.A.A.); (C.T.)
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Isabella M. Young
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (N.B.D.); (I.M.Y.); (S.A.A.); (C.T.)
| | - Syed A. Ahsan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (N.B.D.); (I.M.Y.); (S.A.A.); (C.T.)
| | - Charles Teo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (N.B.D.); (I.M.Y.); (S.A.A.); (C.T.)
| | - Michael E. Sughrue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (N.B.D.); (I.M.Y.); (S.A.A.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Pezzetta R, Wokke ME, Aglioti SM, Ridderinkhof KR. Doing it Wrong: A Systematic Review on Electrocortical and Behavioral Correlates of Error Monitoring in Patients with Neurological Disorders. Neuroscience 2021; 486:103-125. [PMID: 33516775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Detecting errors in one's own and other's actions is a crucial ability for learning and adapting behavior to everchanging, highly volatile environments. Studies in healthy people demonstrate that monitoring errors in one's own and others' actions are underpinned by specific neural systems that are dysfunctional in a variety of neurological disorders. In this review, we first briefly discuss the main findings concerning error detection and error awareness in healthy subjects, the current theoretical models, and the tasks usually applied to investigate these processes. Then, we report a systematic search for evidence of dysfunctional error monitoring among neurological populations (basal ganglia, neurodegenerative, white-matter diseases and acquired brain injury). In particular, we examine electrophysiological and behavioral evidence for specific alterations of error processing in neurological disorders. Error-related negativity (ERN) amplitude were reduced in most (although not all) neurological patient groups, whereas Positivity Error (Pe) amplitude appeared not to be affected in most patient groups. Also theta activity was reduced in some neurological groups, but consistent evidence on the oscillatory activity has not been provided thus far. Behaviorally, we did not observe relevant patterns of pronounced dysfunctional (post-) error processing. Finally, we discuss limitations of the existing literature, conclusive points, open questions and new possible methodological approaches for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pezzetta
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy.
| | - M E Wokke
- Programs in Psychology and Biology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S M Aglioti
- Sapienza University of Rome and CNLS@Sapienza at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - K R Ridderinkhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018, WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Nourski KV, Steinschneider M, Rhone AE, Krause BM, Kawasaki H, Banks MI. Cortical responses to auditory novelty across task conditions: An intracranial electrophysiology study. Hear Res 2021; 399:107911. [PMID: 32081413 PMCID: PMC7417283 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating changes in sensory processing across attentional and arousal states is a major focus in neuroscience. The local/global deviant (LGD) stimulus paradigm engages auditory predictive coding over short (local deviance, LD) and long (global deviance, GD) time scales, and has been used to assay disruption of auditory predictive coding upon loss of consciousness. Our previous work (Nourski et al., 2018, J Neurosci 38:8441-52) examined effects of general anesthesia on short- and long-term novelty detection. GD effects were suppressed at subhypnotic doses of propofol, suggesting that they may be more related to task engagement than consciousness per se. The present study addressed this hypothesis by comparing cortical responses to auditory novelty during passive versus active listening conditions in awake listeners. Subjects were seven adult neurosurgical patients undergoing chronic invasive monitoring for medically intractable epilepsy. LGD stimuli were sequences of four identical vowels followed by a fifth identical or different vowel. In the passive condition, the stimuli were presented to subjects as they watched a silent TV program and were instructed to attend to its content. In the active condition, stimuli were presented in the absence of a TV program, and subjects were instructed to press a button in response to GD target stimuli. Intracranial recordings were made from multiple brain regions, including core and non-core auditory, auditory-related, prefrontal and sensorimotor cortex. Metrics of task performance included hit rate, sensitivity index, and reaction times. Cortical activity was measured as averaged auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and event-related band power in high gamma (70-150 Hz) and alpha (8-14 Hz) frequency bands. The vowel stimuli and LD elicited robust AEPs in all studied brain areas in both passive and active conditions. High gamma responses to stimulus onset and LD were localized predominantly to the auditory cortex in the superior temporal plane and had a comparable prevalence and spatial extent between the two conditions. In contrast, GD effects (AEPs, high gamma and alpha suppression) were greatly enhanced during the active condition in all studied brain areas. The prevalence of high gamma GD effects was positively correlated with individual subjects' task performance. The data demonstrate distinct task engagement-related effects on responses to auditory novelty across the auditory cortical processing hierarchy. The results motivate a closer examination of effective connectivity underlying attentional modulation of cortical sensory responses, and serve as a foundation for examining changes in sensory processing associated with general anesthesia, sleep and disorders of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Nourski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Mitchell Steinschneider
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ariane E Rhone
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bryan M Krause
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Hiroto Kawasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Matthew I Banks
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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12
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Cardon E, Joossen I, Vermeersch H, Jacquemin L, Mertens G, Vanderveken OM, Topsakal V, Van de Heyning P, Van Rompaey V, Gilles A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of late auditory evoked potentials as a candidate biomarker in the assessment of tinnitus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243785. [PMID: 33332414 PMCID: PMC7746183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of any sound source, is routinely assessed using questionnaires. The subjective nature of these tools hampers objective evaluation of tinnitus presence, severity and treatment effects. Late auditory evoked potentials (LAEPs) might be considered as a potential biomarker for assessing tinnitus complaints. Using a multivariate meta-analytic model including data from twenty-one studies, we determined the LAEP components differing systematically between tinnitus patients and controls. Results from this model indicate that amplitude of the P300 component is lower in tinnitus patients (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.83, p < 0.01), while latency of this component is abnormally prolonged in this population (SMD = 0.97, p < 0.01). No other investigated LAEP components were found to differ between tinnitus and non-tinnitus subjects. Additional sensitivity analyses regarding differences in experimental conditions confirmed the robustness of these results. Differences in age and hearing levels between the two experimental groups might have a considerable impact on LAEP outcomes and should be carefully considered in future studies. Although we established consistent differences in the P300 component between tinnitus patients and controls, we could not identify any evidence that this component might covary with tinnitus severity. We conclude that out of several commonly assessed LAEP components, only the P300 can be considered as a potential biomarker for subjective tinnitus, although more research is needed to determine its relationship with subjective tinnitus measures. Future trials investigating experimental tinnitus therapies should consider including P300 measurements in the evaluation of treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cardon
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Iris Joossen
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vermeersch
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Laure Jacquemin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Griet Mertens
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Olivier M. Vanderveken
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Vedat Topsakal
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Paul Van de Heyning
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Vincent Van Rompaey
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Annick Gilles
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Steroid-Responsive Mania Secondary to Pachymeningitis of the Right Frontal Lobe. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2020; 62:89-96. [PMID: 33183847 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Pihlaja M, Failla L, Peräkylä J, Hartikainen KM. Reduced Frontal Nogo-N2 With Uncompromised Response Inhibition During Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation-More Efficient Cognitive Control? Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:561780. [PMID: 33132877 PMCID: PMC7573492 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.561780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown invasive vagus nerve stimulation to improve attention and working memory and alter emotion-attention interaction in patients with refractory epilepsy, suggesting that VNS might be useful in the treatment of cognitive impairment. The current research focuses on whether non-invasive, transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has similar effects to VNS. Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether tVNS has an impact on cognitive control in general or on underlying brain physiology in a task that mimics everyday life demands where multiple executive functions are engaged while encountering intervening emotional stimuli. Event-related potentials (ERP) evoked in such a task, specifically centro-parietal P3 and frontal N2 were used as biomarkers for attention allocation and cognitive control required to carry out the task. A single-blinded, sham-controlled, within-subject study on healthy subjects (n = 25) was conducted using Executive Reaction Time Test (RT-test), a Go/NoGo task engaging multiple executive functions along with intervening threat-related distractors while EEG was recorded. tVNS at the left tragus and sham stimulation at the left ear lobe was alternately delivered throughout the task. To assess the impact of tVNS on neural activity underlying attention and cognitive control, centro-parietal P3 and frontal N2 peak amplitudes were measured in Go and NoGo conditions. Task performance was assessed with RTs and different error types reflecting cognitive control in general and distinct executive functions, such as working memory and response inhibition.No significant effects due to tVNS on performance in the Executive RT-test were observed. For N2 there was a main effect of stimulator status and a significant interaction of trial type (Go, NoGo) and stimulator status. Post hoc analysis revealed that tVNS resulted in a significant reduction of frontal N2 only in the NoGo condition. No significant effects were observed for P3 nor were there any effects of emotion. Diminished NoGo-N2 potential along with unaltered task performance during tVNS suggests fewer cognitive control resources were required to successfully withhold a prepotent response. Though caution is warranted, we suggest that tVNS may lead to more efficient neural processing with fewer resources needed for successful cognitive control, providing promise for its potential use in cognitive enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Pihlaja
- Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Failla
- Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Peräkylä
- Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kaisa M Hartikainen
- Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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15
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van Heukelum S, Mars RB, Guthrie M, Buitelaar JK, Beckmann CF, Tiesinga PHE, Vogt BA, Glennon JC, Havenith MN. Where is Cingulate Cortex? A Cross-Species View. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:285-299. [PMID: 32353333 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To compare findings across species, neuroscience relies on cross-species homologies, particularly in terms of brain areas. For cingulate cortex, a structure implicated in behavioural adaptation and control, a homologous definition across mammals is available - but currently not employed by most rodent researchers. The standard partitioning of rodent cingulate cortex is inconsistent with that in any other model species, including humans. Reviewing the existing literature, we show that the homologous definition better aligns results of rodent studies with those of other species, and reveals a clearer structural and functional organisation within rodent cingulate cortex itself. Based on these insights, we call for widespread adoption of the homologous nomenclature, and reinterpretation of previous studies originally based on the nonhomologous partitioning of rodent cingulate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina van Heukelum
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Martin Guthrie
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H E Tiesinga
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brent A Vogt
- Cingulum Neurosciences Institute, 4435 Stephanie Drive, Manlius, NY 13104, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Martha N Havenith
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Zero-Noise Lab, Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, 60528 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
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16
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Herman WX, Smith RE, Kronemer SI, Watsky RE, Chen WC, Gober LM, Touloumes GJ, Khosla M, Raja A, Horien CL, Morse EC, Botta KL, Hirsch LJ, Alkawadri R, Gerrard JL, Spencer DD, Blumenfeld H. A Switch and Wave of Neuronal Activity in the Cerebral Cortex During the First Second of Conscious Perception. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:461-474. [PMID: 29194517 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conscious perception occurs within less than 1 s. To study events on this time scale we used direct electrical recordings from the human cerebral cortex during a conscious visual perception task. Faces were presented at individually titrated visual threshold for 9 subjects while measuring broadband 40-115 Hz gamma power in a total of 1621 intracranial electrodes widely distributed in both hemispheres. Surface maps and k-means clustering analysis showed initial activation of visual cortex for both perceived and non-perceived stimuli. However, only stimuli reported as perceived then elicited a forward-sweeping wave of activity throughout the cerebral cortex accompanied by large-scale network switching. Specifically, a monophasic wave of broadband gamma activation moves through bilateral association cortex at a rate of approximately 150 mm/s and eventually reenters visual cortex for perceived but not for non-perceived stimuli. Meanwhile, the default mode network and the initial visual cortex and higher association cortex networks are switched off for the duration of conscious stimulus processing. Based on these findings, we propose a new "switch-and-wave" model for the processing of consciously perceived stimuli. These findings are important for understanding normal conscious perception and may also shed light on its vulnerability to disruption by brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy X Herman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel E Smith
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sharif I Kronemer
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca E Watsky
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William C Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leah M Gober
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - George J Touloumes
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meenakshi Khosla
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anusha Raja
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Corey L Horien
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elliot C Morse
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katherine L Botta
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lawrence J Hirsch
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rafeed Alkawadri
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason L Gerrard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dennis D Spencer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hal Blumenfeld
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
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17
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Stillman AM, Madigan N, Torres K, Swan N, Alexander MP. Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Concussion. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:305-311. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Stillman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy Madigan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen Torres
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Natasha Swan
- Integrated/Base Operational Support Team, Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Michael P. Alexander
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Dick AS, Garic D, Graziano P, Tremblay P. The frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its role in speech, language and executive function. Cortex 2018; 111:148-163. [PMID: 30481666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we examine the structural connectivity of a recently-identified fiber pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), and explore its function. We first review structural connectivity studies using tract-tracing methods in non-human primates, and diffusion-weighted imaging and electrostimulation in humans. These studies suggest a monosynaptic connection exists between the lateral inferior frontal gyrus and the pre-supplementary and supplementary motor areas of the medial superior frontal gyrus. This connection is termed the FAT. We then review research on the left FAT's putative role in supporting speech and language function, with particular focus on speech initiation, stuttering and verbal fluency. Next, we review research on the right FAT's putative role supporting executive function, namely inhibitory control and conflict monitoring for action. We summarize the extant body of empirical work by suggesting that the FAT plays a domain general role in the planning, timing, and coordination of sequential motor movements through the resolution of competition among potential motor plans. However, we also propose some domain specialization across the hemispheres. On the left hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for speech actions. On the right hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for general action control of the organism, especially in the visuo-spatial domain. We close the review with a discussion of the clinical significance of the FAT, and suggestions for further research on the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dea Garic
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paulo Graziano
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pascale Tremblay
- Departement de Readaptation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
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19
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Hirsch S, Belanger HG, Levin H, S Eggleston B, Wilde EA, McDonald SD, Brearly TW, Tate DF. Exploring the factor structure of a battery of neuropsychological assessments among the CENC cohort. Brain Inj 2018; 32:1226-1235. [PMID: 29985676 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1492738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (CENC) study is to explore the effects of concussions among Service Members and Veterans. A factor model was fit to selected neuropsychological measures to identify potentially useful relationships between assessments collected on CENC-enrolled participants. METHOD 492 post-9/11 participants with combat exposure were enrolled across four VA study sites. Participants completed assessments including concussion history, neurocognitive functioning, and self-report questionnaires. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) using four different methods with varimax and promax rotations were used to analyse the cognitive variables. Final model selection was based on factor loadings towards simple structure. RESULTS The scree plot suggested the number of factors to be extracted was between 4 and 5. EFA produced a 5-factor MINRES model with promax rotation that resulted in a factor loading with variables loading on only one factor with a predefined threshold (0.40). Variables loaded on five cognition domains: list learning, working memory/executive skills, cognitive control, fluency, and memory. CONCLUSION These results provide reasonable evidence that data collected from the CENC neuropsychological battery can be reduced to five clinically useful factors. This will enable us to use the factors for further study of the impact of concussion on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather G Belanger
- b James A. Haley VA Medical Center; University of South Florida , Tampa , FL, USA
| | - Harvey Levin
- c Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- c Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX, USA.,d University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT, USA
| | | | - Timothy W Brearly
- f Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA; W. G. "Bill" Hefner VA Medical Center , Salisbury , NC, USA
| | - David F Tate
- g Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St Louis, MO, USA
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20
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Rangwala SD, Tobin MK, Birk DM, Butts JT, Nikas DC, Hahn YS. Pica in a Child with Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Oligodendroglioma: Case Report. Pediatr Neurosurg 2017; 52:279-283. [PMID: 28704833 DOI: 10.1159/000477816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) is a continued focus of research as its exact role in brain function and vast connections with other anatomical locations is not fully understood. A review of the literature illustrates the role the ACG likely plays in cognitive and emotional processing, as well as a modulating role in motor function and goal-oriented behaviors. While lesions of the cingulate gyrus are rare, each new case broadens our understanding of its role in cognitive neuroscience and higher order processing. The authors present the case of an 8-year-old boy with a 1-month history of staring spells, agitated personality, and hyperphagia notable for the consumption of paper, who was found to have a 3-cm tumor in the left ACG. Following surgical resection of the tumor, his aggressive behavior and pica were ameliorated and the patient made an uneventful recovery, with no evidence of recurrence over the last 6 years since surgical resection. Here we discuss a unique behavioral presentation of pica, along with a review of the current literature, to illustrate functions of the ACG relevant to the location of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani D Rangwala
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery/Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders continues to rise globally, yet remission rates and patient outcome remain less than ideal. As a result, novel treatment approaches for these disorders are necessary to decrease societal economic burden, as well as increase individual functioning. The recent discovery of the endocannabinoid system has provided an outlet for further research into its role in psychiatric disorders, because efficacy of targeted treatments have been demonstrated in medical illnesses, including cancers, neuropathic pain, and multiple sclerosis. The present review will investigate the role of the endocannabinoid system in psychiatric disorders, specifically schizophrenia, depressive, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorders, as well as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Controversy remains in prescribing medicinal cannabinoid treatments due to the fear of adverse effects. However, one must consider all potential limitations when determining the safety and tolerability of cannabinoid products, specifically cannabinoid content (ie, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol vs cannabidiol) as well as study design. The potential efficacy of cannabinoid treatments in the psychiatric population is an emerging topic of interest that provides potential value going forward in medicine.
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22
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Batistuzzo MC, Balardin JB, Martin MDGM, Hoexter MQ, Bernardes ET, Borcato S, Souza MDME, Querido CN, Morais RM, de Alvarenga PG, Lopes AC, Shavitt RG, Savage CR, Amaro E, Miguel EC, Polanczyk GV, Miotto EC. Reduced prefrontal activation in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder during verbal episodic memory encoding. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 54:849-58. [PMID: 26407495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often present with deficits in episodic memory, and there is evidence that these difficulties may be secondary to executive dysfunction, that is, impaired selection and/or application of memory-encoding strategies (mediation hypothesis). Semantic clustering is an effective strategy to enhance encoding of verbal episodic memory (VEM) when word lists are semantically related. Self-initiated mobilization of this strategy has been associated with increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex, a key region in the pathophysiology of OCD. We therefore studied children and adolescents with OCD during uncued semantic clustering strategy application in a VEM functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-encoding paradigm. METHOD A total of 25 pediatric patients with OCD (aged 8.1-17.5 years) and 25 healthy controls (HC, aged 8.1-16.9) matched for age, gender, handedness, and IQ were evaluated using a block design VEM paradigm that manipulated semantically related and unrelated words. RESULTS The semantic clustering strategy score (SCS) predicted VEM performance in HC (p < .001, R(2) = 0.635), but not in patients (p = .099). Children with OCD also presented hypoactivation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (cluster-corrected p < .001). Within-group analysis revealed a negative correlation between Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores and activation of orbitofrontal cortex in the group with OCD. Finally, a positive correlation between age and SCS was found in HC (p = .001, r = 0.635), but not in patients with OCD (p = .936, r = 0.017). CONCLUSION Children with OCD presented altered brain activation during the VEM paradigm and absence of expected correlation between SCS and age, and between SCS and total words recalled. These results suggest that different neural mechanisms underlie self-initiated semantic clustering in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC) at FMUSP
| | - Elisa Teixeira Bernardes
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC) at FMUSP
| | - Sonia Borcato
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC) at FMUSP
| | - Marina de Marco E Souza
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC) at FMUSP
| | - Cicero Nardini Querido
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC) at FMUSP
| | - Rosa Magaly Morais
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC) at FMUSP
| | - Pedro Gomes de Alvarenga
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC) at FMUSP
| | - Antonio Carlos Lopes
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC) at FMUSP
| | - Roseli Gedanke Shavitt
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC) at FMUSP
| | - Cary R Savage
- Center for Health Behavior Neuroscience, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KA
| | - Edson Amaro
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Euripedes C Miguel
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC) at FMUSP
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC) at FMUSP
| | - Eliane C Miotto
- University of São Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Nocjar C, Alex KD, Sonneborn A, Abbas AI, Roth BL, Pehek EA. Serotonin-2C and -2a receptor co-expression on cells in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience 2015; 297:22-37. [PMID: 25818050 PMCID: PMC4595040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neural function within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regulates normal cognition, attention and impulse control, implicating neuroregulatory abnormalities within this region in mental dysfunction related to schizophrenia, depression and drug abuse. Both serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) and -2C (5-HT2C) receptors are known to be important in neuropsychiatric drug action and are distributed throughout the mPFC. However, their interactive role in serotonergic cortical regulation is poorly understood. While the main signal transduction mechanism for both receptors is stimulation of phosphoinositide production, they can have opposite effects downstream. 5-HT2A versus 5-HT2C receptor activation oppositely regulates behavior and can oppositely affect neurochemical release within the mPFC. These distinct receptor effects could be caused by their differential cellular distribution within the cortex and/or other areas. It is known that both receptors are located on GABAergic and pyramidal cells within the mPFC, but it is not clear whether they are expressed on the same or different cells. The present work employed immunofluorescence with confocal microscopy to examine this in layers V-VI of the prelimbic mPFC. The majority of GABA cells in the deep prelimbic mPFC expressed 5-HT2C receptor immunoreactivity. Furthermore, most cells expressing 5-HT2C receptor immunoreactivity notably co-expressed 5-HT2A receptors. However, 27% of 5-HT2C receptor immunoreactive cells were not GABAergic, indicating that a population of prelimbic pyramidal projection cells could express the 5-HT2C receptor. Indeed, some cells with 5-HT2C and 5-HT2A receptor co-labeling had a pyramidal shape and were expressed in the typical layered fashion of pyramidal cells. This indirectly demonstrates that 5-HT2C and 5-HT2A receptors may be commonly co-expressed on GABAergic cells within the deep layers of the prelimbic mPFC and perhaps co-localized on a small population of local pyramidal projection cells. Thus a complex interplay of cortical 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor mechanisms exists, which if altered, could modulate efferent brain systems implicated in mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nocjar
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - K D Alex
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - A Sonneborn
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - A I Abbas
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - B L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 120 Mason Farm Road, 4072 Genetic Medicine Building, Campus Box 7365, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA.
| | - E A Pehek
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Maier ME, Di Gregorio F, Muricchio T, Di Pellegrino G. Impaired rapid error monitoring but intact error signaling following rostral anterior cingulate cortex lesions in humans. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:339. [PMID: 26136674 PMCID: PMC4469832 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting one's own errors and appropriately correcting behavior are crucial for efficient goal-directed performance. A correlate of rapid evaluation of behavioral outcomes is the error-related negativity (Ne/ERN) which emerges at the time of the erroneous response over frontal brain areas. However, whether the error monitoring system's ability to distinguish between errors and correct responses at this early time point is a necessary precondition for the subsequent emergence of error awareness remains unclear. The present study investigated this question using error-related brain activity and vocal error signaling responses in seven human patients with lesions in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and adjoining ventromedial prefrontal cortex, while they performed a flanker task. The difference between errors and correct responses was severely attenuated in these patients indicating impaired rapid error monitong, but they showed no impairment in error signaling. However, impaired rapid error monitoring coincided with a failure to increase response accuracy on trials following errors. These results demonstrate that the error monitoring system's ability to distinguish between errors and correct responses at the time of the response is crucial for adaptive post-error adjustments, but not a necessary precondition for error awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Maier
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt Eichstätt, Germany ; Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Polo Scientifico-Didattico di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Gregorio
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt Eichstätt, Germany ; Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Polo Scientifico-Didattico di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Cesena, Italy
| | - Teresa Muricchio
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Polo Scientifico-Didattico di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Cesena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Pellegrino
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Polo Scientifico-Didattico di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Cesena, Italy ; Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Bologna, Italy
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Brown MRG, Benoit JRA, Juhás M, Lebel RM, MacKay M, Dametto E, Silverstone PH, Dolcos F, Dursun SM, Greenshaw AJ. Neural correlates of high-risk behavior tendencies and impulsivity in an emotional Go/NoGo fMRI task. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:24. [PMID: 25805975 PMCID: PMC4354310 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved neuroscientific understanding of high-risk behaviors such as alcohol binging, drug use, and unsafe sex will lead to therapeutic advances for high-risk groups. High-risk behavior often occurs in an emotionally-charged context, and behavioral inhibition and emotion regulation play important roles in risk-related decision making. High impulsivity is an important potential contributor to high-risk behavior tendencies. We explored the relationships between high-risk behavior tendencies, impulsivity, and fMRI brain activations in an emotional Go/NoGo task. This task presented emotional distractor pictures (aversive vs. neutral) simultaneously with Go/NoGo stimuli (square vs. circle) that required a button press or withholding of the press, respectively. Participants' risk behavior tendencies were assessed with the Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events (CARE) scale. The Barratt Impulsivity Scale 11 (BIS) was used to assess participant impulsivity. Individuals with higher CARE risk scores exhibited reduced activation related to response inhibition (NoGo-Go) in right orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These regions did not show a significant relationship with impulsivity scores. Conversely, more impulsive individuals showed reduced emotion-related activity (aversive-neutral distractors) in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, and right posterior OFC. There were distinct neural correlates of high-risk behavior tendency and impulsivity in terms of brain activity in the emotional Go/NoGo task. This dissociation supports the conception of high-risk behavior tendency as a distinct construct from that of impulsivity. Our results suggest that treatment for high-risk behavior may be more effective with a nuanced approach that does not conflate high impulsivity necessarily with high-risk behavior tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R G Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James R A Benoit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michal Juhás
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R M Lebel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marnie MacKay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ericson Dametto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Florin Dolcos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada ; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
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26
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Farr OM, Fiorenza C, Papageorgiou P, Brinkoetter M, Ziemke F, Koo BB, Rojas R, Mantzoros CS. Leptin therapy alters appetite and neural responses to food stimuli in brain areas of leptin-sensitive subjects without altering brain structure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2529-38. [PMID: 25279500 PMCID: PMC4255115 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Leptin is a key regulator of energy intake and expenditure. Individuals with congenital leptin deficiency demonstrate structural and functional brain changes when given leptin. However, whether acquired leptin deficiency may operate similarly is unclear. OBJECTIVE We set out to determine whether the brains of individuals with acquired leptin deficiency may react to leptin in a similar manner. DESIGN We used functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after short- and long-term metreleptin treatment in three leptin-sensitive patients with acquired hypoleptinemia. Nine healthy women were scanned as normoleptinemic controls. SETTING The setting was an academic medical center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS The participants were 3 hypoleptinemic women and nine normoleptinemic, matched women. INTERVENTIONS We used metreleptin, recombinant leptin, therapy for 24 weeks in hypoleptinemic women only. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE We measured neural changes in response to viewing food as compared to nonfood images. We hypothesized that metreleptin treatment would increase brain activity in areas related to cognitive control and inhibition and would decrease brain activity in areas related to reward processing, as compared to the normoleptinemic counterparts. RESULTS Unlike patients with congenital leptin deficiency, hypoleptinemic patients demonstrated no structural brain differences from healthy controls and/or structural changes in response to treatment. Short-term metreleptin treatment in leptin-sensitive hypoleptinemic subjects enhances areas involved in detecting the salience and rewarding value of food during fasting, whereas long-term treatment decreases attention to food and the rewarding value of food after feeding. Furthermore, hypothalamic activity is modulated by metreleptin treatment, and leptin decreases functional connectivity of the hypothalamus to key feeding-related areas in these hypoleptinemic subjects. CONCLUSIONS Leptin replacement in acutely hypoleptinemic women did not alter brain structure but did alter functional cortical activity to food cues in key feeding and reward-related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology (O.M.F., C.F., P.P., M.B., F.Z., C.S.M.), VA Boston Healthcare System and Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (B.-B.K.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and Division of Radiology (R.R.), Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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Geranmayeh F, Brownsett SLE, Wise RJS. Task-induced brain activity in aphasic stroke patients: what is driving recovery? Brain 2014; 137:2632-48. [PMID: 24974382 PMCID: PMC4163030 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The estimated prevalence of aphasia in the UK and the USA is 250 000 and 1 000 000, respectively. The commonest aetiology is stroke. The impairment may improve with behavioural therapy, and trials using cortical stimulation or pharmacotherapy are undergoing proof-of-principle investigation, but with mixed results. Aphasia is a heterogeneous syndrome, and the simple classifications according to the Broca-Wernicke-Lichtheim model inadequately describe the diverse communication difficulties with which patients may present. Greater knowledge of how intact neural networks promote recovery after aphasic stroke, either spontaneously or in response to interventions, will result in clearer hypotheses about how to improve the treatment of aphasia. Twenty-five years ago, a pioneering study on healthy participants heralded the introduction of functional neuroimaging to the study of mechanisms of recovery from aphasia. Over the ensuing decades, such studies have been interpreted as supporting one of three hypotheses, which are not mutually exclusive. The first two predate the introduction of functional neuroimaging: that recovery is the consequence of the reconstitution of domain-specific language systems in tissue around the lesion (the 'perilesional' hypothesis), or by homotopic cortex in the contralateral hemisphere (the 'laterality-shift' hypothesis). The third is that loss of transcallosal inhibition to contralateral homotopic cortex hinders recovery (the 'disinhibition' hypothesis). These different hypotheses at times give conflicting views about rehabilitative intervention; for example, should one attempt to activate or inhibit a contralateral homotopic region with cortical stimulation techniques to promote recovery? This review proposes that although the functional imaging data are statistically valid in most cases, their interpretation has often favoured one explanation while ignoring plausible alternatives. In our view, this is particularly evident when recovery is attributed to activity in 'language networks' occupying sites not observed in healthy participants. In this review we will argue that much of the distribution of what has often been interpreted as language-specific activity, particularly in midline and contralateral cortical regions, is an upregulation of activity in intact domain-general systems for cognitive control and attention, responding in a task-dependent manner to the increased 'effort' when damaged downstream domain-specific language networks are impaired. We further propose that it is an inability fully to activate these systems that may result in sub optimal recovery in some patients. Interpretation of the data in terms of activity in domain-general networks affords insights into novel approaches to rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Geranmayeh
- Computational Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sonia L E Brownsett
- Computational Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Richard J S Wise
- Computational Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
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28
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Ness A, Bruce J, Bruce A, Aupperle R, Lepping R, Martin L, Hancock L, Patrician T, Malley S, Selim N, Savage CR. Pre-surgical cortical activation to food pictures is associated with weight loss following bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014; 10:1188-95. [PMID: 25443066 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research suggests that preintervention functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data may predict weight loss outcomes among patients who participate in a behavioral weight loss plan. No study has examined whether presurgical brain activation can predict outcomes following bariatric surgery. METHOD The aim of the present study was to determine if brain activations during a presurgical fMRI food-motivation paradigm are associated with weight loss 3 and 6 months following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Nineteen participants viewed food and nonfood pictures from a well-established food motivation paradigm during an fMRI scanning session before LAGB surgery. Weight was assessed presurgery and 3 and 6 months postsurgery; data for all participants was available at each time point. fMRI data were analyzed using the BrainVoyager QX statistical package. Whole brain voxelwise correlations of presurgery (food-nonfood) brain activation and weight, corrected for multiple comparisons, were performed to analyze the relationship between presurgical brain activation and subsequent weight loss. The settings were a medical university brain imaging center and 2 surgical weight loss centers in a major metropolitan area. RESULTS Increased activity in frontal regions associated with cognitive control (medial, middle, superior frontal gyrus) and posterior cingulate cortex was associated with weight loss following LAGB. CONCLUSION We found that neural activity in previously established regions associated with cognitive and behavioral self-regulation predicts weight loss following bariatric surgery. These preliminary findings highlight the role of neural circuitry in the success and maintenance of weight loss and suggest a possible future use of fMRI in screening LAGB surgery candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Ness
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Jared Bruce
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.
| | - Amanda Bruce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center and Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Robin Aupperle
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Rebecca Lepping
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Laura Martin
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Laura Hancock
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Trisha Patrician
- Center for Health Behavior Neuroscience, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Steve Malley
- Malley Surgical Weight Loss Center, Mission, Kansas
| | - Niazy Selim
- Department of Endoscopic/Bariatric Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Cary R Savage
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Solbakk AK, Løvstad M. Effects of focal prefrontal cortex lesions on electrophysiological indices of executive attention and action control. Scand J Psychol 2014; 55:233-43. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kristin Solbakk
- Department of Neurosurgery; Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience; Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Norway
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine; Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience; Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Norway
| | - Marianne Løvstad
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital; Research Department; Nesodden Norway
- Department of Psychology; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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30
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Brownsett SLE, Warren JE, Geranmayeh F, Woodhead Z, Leech R, Wise RJS. Cognitive control and its impact on recovery from aphasic stroke. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 137:242-54. [PMID: 24163248 PMCID: PMC3891442 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aphasic deficits are usually only interpreted in terms of domain-specific language processes. However, effective human communication and tests that probe this complex cognitive skill are also dependent on domain-general processes. In the clinical context, it is a pragmatic observation that impaired attention and executive functions interfere with the rehabilitation of aphasia. One system that is important in cognitive control is the salience network, which includes dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and adjacent cortex in the superior frontal gyrus (midline frontal cortex). This functional imaging study assessed domain-general activity in the midline frontal cortex, which was remote from the infarct, in relation to performance on a standard test of spoken language in 16 chronic aphasic patients both before and after a rehabilitation programme. During scanning, participants heard simple sentences, with each listening trial followed immediately by a trial in which they repeated back the previous sentence. Listening to sentences in the context of a listen–repeat task was expected to activate regions involved in both language-specific processes (speech perception and comprehension, verbal working memory and pre-articulatory rehearsal) and a number of task-specific processes (including attention to utterances and attempts to overcome pre-response conflict and decision uncertainty during impaired speech perception). To visualize the same system in healthy participants, sentences were presented to them as three-channel noise-vocoded speech, thereby impairing speech perception and assessing whether this evokes domain general cognitive systems. As expected, contrasting the more difficult task of perceiving and preparing to repeat noise-vocoded speech with the same task on clear speech demonstrated increased activity in the midline frontal cortex in the healthy participants. The same region was activated in the aphasic patients as they listened to standard (undistorted) sentences. Using a region of interest defined from the data on the healthy participants, data from the midline frontal cortex was obtained from the patients. Across the group and across different scanning sessions, activity correlated significantly with the patients’ communicative abilities. This correlation was not influenced by the sizes of the lesion or the patients’ chronological ages. This is the first study that has directly correlated activity in a domain general system, specifically the salience network, with residual language performance in post-stroke aphasia. It provides direct evidence in support of the clinical intuition that domain-general cognitive control is an essential factor contributing to the potential for recovery from aphasic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia L E Brownsett
- 1 Cognitive, Clinical and Computational Neuroimaging Group, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
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31
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Shenhav A, Botvinick MM, Cohen JD. The expected value of control: an integrative theory of anterior cingulate cortex function. Neuron 2013; 79:217-40. [PMID: 23889930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1287] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has a near-ubiquitous presence in the neuroscience of cognitive control. It has been implicated in a diversity of functions, from reward processing and performance monitoring to the execution of control and action selection. Here, we propose that this diversity can be understood in terms of a single underlying function: allocation of control based on an evaluation of the expected value of control (EVC). We present a normative model of EVC that integrates three critical factors: the expected payoff from a controlled process, the amount of control that must be invested to achieve that payoff, and the cost in terms of cognitive effort. We propose that dACC integrates this information, using it to determine whether, where and how much control to allocate. We then consider how the EVC model can explain the diverse array of findings concerning dACC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitai Shenhav
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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32
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Tamnes CK, Walhovd KB, Torstveit M, Sells VT, Fjell AM. Performance monitoring in children and adolescents: a review of developmental changes in the error-related negativity and brain maturation. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2013; 6:1-13. [PMID: 23777674 PMCID: PMC6987843 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To realize our goals we continuously adapt our behavior according to internal or external feedback. Errors provide an important source for such feedback and elicit a scalp electrical potential referred to as the error-related negativity (ERN), which is a useful marker for studying typical and atypical development of cognitive control mechanisms involved in performance monitoring. In this review, we survey the available studies on age-related differences in the ERN in children and adolescents. The majority of the studies show that the ERN increases in strength throughout childhood and adolescence, suggesting continued maturation of the neural systems for performance monitoring, but there are still many unresolved questions. We further review recent research in adults that has provided important insights into the neural underpinnings of the ERN and performance monitoring, implicating distributed neural systems than include the dorsal anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, the lateral prefrontal cortex, insula, basal ganglia, thalamus and white matter connections between these regions. Finally, we discuss the possible roles of structural and functional maturation of these brain regions in the development of the ERN. Overall, we argue that future work should use multimodal approaches to give a better understanding of the neurocognitive development of performance monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Tamnes
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
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