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Zhang J, Ji Y, Lu Y, Fu R, Xu M, Liu X, Guan MX. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)-associated ND5 12338T > C mutation altered the assembly and function of complex I, apoptosis and mitophagy. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1999-2011. [PMID: 29579248 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and their pathophysiology remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that a missense mutation (m.12338T>C, p.1M>T) in the ND5 gene contributed to the pathogenesis of LHON. The m.12338T>C mutation affected the first methionine (Met1) with a threonine and shortened two amino acids of ND5. We therefore hypothesized that the mutated ND5 perturbed the structure and function of complex I. Using the cybrid cell models, generated by fusing mtDNA-less (ρ°) cells with enucleated cells from LHON patients carrying the m.12338T>C mutation and a control subject belonging to the same mtDNA haplogroup, we demonstrated that the m.12338T>C mutation caused the reduction of ND5 polypeptide, perturbed assemble and activity of complex I. Furthermore, the m.12338T>C mutation caused respiratory deficiency, diminished mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate levels and membrane potential and increased the production of reactive oxygen species. The m.12338T>C mutation promoted apoptosis, evidenced by elevated release of cytochrome c into cytosol and increased levels of apoptosis-activated proteins: caspases 9, 3, 7 and Poly ADP ribose polymerase in the cybrids carrying the m.12338T>C mutation, as compared with control cybrids. Moreover, we also document the involvement of m.12338T>C mutation in decreased mitophagy, as showed by reduced levels of autophagy protein light chain 3 and accumulation of autophagic substrate p62 in the in mutant cybrids as compared with control cybrids. These data demonstrated the direct link between mitochondrial dysfunction caused by complex I mutation and apoptosis or mitophagy. Our findings may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of LHON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yanchun Ji
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Runing Fu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Man Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Joint Institute of Genetics and Genome Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Gowthami N, Sunitha B, Kumar M, Keshava Prasad T, Gayathri N, Padmanabhan B, Srinivas Bharath M. Mapping the protein phosphorylation sites in human mitochondrial complex I (NADH: Ubiquinone oxidoreductase): A bioinformatics study with implications for brain aging and neurodegeneration. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 95:13-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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3
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A recurring mutation in the respiratory complex 1 protein NDUFB11 is responsible for a novel form of X-linked sideroblastic anemia. Blood 2016; 128:1913-1917. [PMID: 27488349 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-719062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The congenital sideroblastic anemias (CSAs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited blood disorders characterized by pathological mitochondrial iron deposition in erythroid precursors. Each known cause has been attributed to a mutation in a protein associated with heme biosynthesis, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, mitochondrial translation, or a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Here, we describe a recurring mutation, c.276_278del, p.F93del, in NDUFB11, a mitochondrial respiratory complex I-associated protein encoded on the X chromosome, in 5 males with a variably syndromic, normocytic CSA. The p.F93del mutation results in respiratory insufficiency and loss of complex I stability and activity in patient-derived fibroblasts. Targeted introduction of this allele into K562 erythroleukemia cells results in a proliferation defect with minimal effect on erythroid differentiation potential, suggesting the mechanism of anemia in this disorder.
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4
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Sánchez-Caballero L, Guerrero-Castillo S, Nijtmans L. Unraveling the complexity of mitochondrial complex I assembly: A dynamic process. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:980-90. [PMID: 27040506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian complex I is composed of 44 different subunits and its assembly requires at least 13 specific assembly factors. Proper function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme is of crucial importance for cell survival due to its major participation in energy production and cell signaling. Complex I assembly depends on the coordination of several crucial processes that need to be tightly interconnected and orchestrated by a number of assembly factors. The understanding of complex I assembly evolved from simple sequential concept to the more sophisticated modular assembly model describing a convoluted process. According to this model, the different modules assemble independently and associate afterwards with each other to form the final enzyme. In this review, we aim to unravel the complexity of complex I assembly and provide the latest insights in this fundamental and fascinating process. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Respiratory complex I, edited by Volker Zickermann and Ulrich Brandt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Caballero
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Castillo
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Nijtmans
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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5
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Potluri P, Procaccio V, Scheffler IE, Wallace DC. High throughput gene complementation screening permits identification of a mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis (ρ(-)) mutant. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1336-1343. [PMID: 26946086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To identify nuclear DNA (nDNA) oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) gene mutations using cultured cells, we have developed a complementation system based on retroviral transduction with a full length cDNA expression library and selection for OXHOS function by growth in galactose. We have used this system to transduce the Chinese hamster V79-G7 OXPHOS mutant cell line with a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis. The complemented cells were found to have acquired the cDNA for the bS6m polypeptide of the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome. bS6m is a 14 kDa polypeptide located on the outside of the mitochondrial 28S ribosomal subunit and interacts with the rRNA. The V79-G7 mutant protein was found to harbor a methionine to threonine missense mutation at codon 13. The hamster bS6m null mutant could also be complemented by its orthologs from either mouse or human. bS6m protein tagged at its C-terminus by HA, His or GFP localized to the mitochondrion and was fully functional. Through site-directed mutagenesis we identified the probable RNA interacting residues of the bS6m peptide and tested the functional significance of mammalian specific C-terminal region. The N-terminus of the bS6m polypeptide functionally corresponds to that of the prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit, but deletion of C-terminal residues along with the zinc ion coordinating cysteine had no functional effect. Since mitochondrial diseases can result from hundreds to thousands of different nDNA gene mutations, this one step viral complementation cloning may facilitate the molecular diagnosis of a range of nDNA mitochondrial disease mutations. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Potluri
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- Dépt. de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Immo E Scheffler
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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6
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Scheffler IE. Mitochondrial disease associated with complex I (NADH-CoQ oxidoreductase) deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:405-15. [PMID: 25224827 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases due to a reduced capacity for oxidative phosphorylation were first identified more than 20 years ago, and their incidence is now recognized to be quite significant. In a large proportion of cases the problem can be traced to a complex I (NADH-CoQ oxidoreductase) deficiency (Phenotype MIM #252010). Because the complex consists of 44 subunits, there are many potential targets for pathogenic mutations, both on the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Surprisingly, however, almost half of the complex I deficiencies are due to defects in as yet unidentified genes that encode proteins other than the structural proteins of the complex. This review attempts to summarize what we know about the molecular basis of complex I deficiencies: mutations in the known structural genes, and mutations in an increasing number of genes encoding "assembly factors", that is, proteins required for the biogenesis of a functional complex I that are not found in the final complex I. More such genes must be identified before definitive genetic counselling can be applied in all cases of affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immo E Scheffler
- Division of Biology (Molecular Biology Section), University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0322, USA,
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7
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Kim C, Patel P, Gouvin LM, Brown ML, Khalil A, Henchey EM, Heuck AP, Yadava N. Comparative Analysis of the Mitochondrial Physiology of Pancreatic β Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 3:110. [PMID: 25309834 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7662.1000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial metabolism of β cells is thought to be highly specialized. Its direct comparison with other cells using isolated mitochondria is limited by the availability of islets/β cells in sufficient quantity. In this study, we have compared mitochondrial metabolism of INS1E/β cells with other cells in intact and permeabilized states. To selectively permeabilize the plasma membrane, we have evaluated the use of perfringolysin-O (PFO) in conjunction with microplate-based respirometry. PFO is a protein that binds membranes based on a threshold level of active cholesterol. Therefore, unless active cholesterol reaches a threshold level in mitochondria, they are expected to remain untouched by PFO. Cytochrome c sensitivity tests showed that in PFO-permeabilized cells, the mitochondrial integrity was completely preserved. Our data show that a time-dependent decline of the oligomycin-insensitive respiration observed in INS1E cells was due to a limitation in substrate supply to the respiratory chain. We predict that it is linked with the β cell-specific metabolism involving metabolites shuttling between the cytoplasm and mitochondria. In permeabilized β cells, the Complex l-dependent respiration was either transient or absent because of the inefficient TCA cycle. The TCA cycle insufficiency was confirmed by analysis of the CO2 evolution. This may be linked with lower levels of NAD+, which is required as a co-factor for CO2 producing reactions of the TCA cycle. β cells showed comparable OxPhos and respiratory capacities that were not affected by the inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels in the respiration medium. They showed lower ADP-stimulation of the respiration on different substrates. We believe that this study will significantly enhance our understanding of the β cell mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kim
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Pinal Patel
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Lindsey M Gouvin
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Melissa L Brown
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Alejandro P Heuck
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA, USA ; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA ; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism at Baystate Medical Center of Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, MA, USA
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8
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Novel insights into the role of Neurospora crassa NDUFAF2, an evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial complex I assembly factor. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2623-34. [PMID: 23648483 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01476-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex I deficiency is commonly associated with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation diseases. Mutations in nuclear genes encoding structural subunits or assembly factors of complex I have been increasingly identified as the cause of the diseases. One such factor, NDUFAF2, is a paralog of the NDUFA12 structural subunit of the enzyme, but the mechanism by which it exerts its function remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that the Neurospora crassa NDUFAF2 homologue, the 13.4 L protein, is a late assembly factor that associates with complex I assembly intermediates containing the membrane arm and the connecting part but lacking the N module of the enzyme. Furthermore, we provide evidence that dissociation of the assembly factor is dependent on the incorporation of the putative regulatory module composed of the subunits of 13.4 (NDUFA12), 18.4 (NDUFS6), and 21 (NDUFS4) kDa. Our results demonstrate that the 13.4 L protein is a complex I assembly factor functionally conserved from fungi to mammals.
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9
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Abstract
Phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins has emerged as a major regulatory mechanism for metabolic adaptation. cAMP signaling and PKA phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins have just started to be investigated, and the presence of cAMP-generating enzymes and PKA inside mitochondria is still controversial. Here, we discuss the role of cAMP in regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics through protein phosphorylation and the evidence for soluble adenylyl cyclase as the source of cAMP inside mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Valsecchi
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
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10
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Hoefs SJ, Rodenburg RJ, Smeitink JA, van den Heuvel LP. Molecular base of biochemical complex I deficiency. Mitochondrion 2012; 12:520-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Larizza M, Pacelli C, Cocco T, Papa S. Activation of the cAMP cascade in human fibroblast cultures rescues the activity of oxidatively damaged complex I. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:757-64. [PMID: 22198267 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A study of the relationship between cAMP/PKA-dependent phosphorylation and oxidative damage of subunits of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is presented. It is shown that, in fibroblast cultures, PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the NDUFS4 subunit of complex I rescues the activity of the oxidatively damaged complex. Evidence is presented showing that this effect is mediated by phosphorylation-dependent exchange of carbonylated NDUFS4 subunit in the assembled complex with the de novo synthesized subunit. These results indicate a potential use for β-adrenoceptor agonists in preventing/reversing the detrimental effects of oxidative stress in the mitochondrial respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Rasmo
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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12
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Papa S, Martino PL, Capitanio G, Gaballo A, De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Petruzzella V. The oxidative phosphorylation system in mammalian mitochondria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 942:3-37. [PMID: 22399416 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2869-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The chapter provides a review of the state of art of the oxidative phosphorylation system in mammalian mitochondria. The sections of the paper deal with: (i) the respiratory chain as a whole: redox centers of the chain and protonic coupling in oxidative phosphorylation (ii) atomic structure and functional mechanism of protonmotive complexes I, III, IV and V of the oxidative phosphorylation system (iii) biogenesis of oxidative phosphorylation complexes: mitochondrial import of nuclear encoded subunits, assembly of oxidative phosphorylation complexes, transcriptional factors controlling biogenesis of the complexes. This advanced knowledge of the structure, functional mechanism and biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation system provides a background to understand the pathological impact of genetic and acquired dysfunctions of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Papa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Assembly Factors of Human Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complexes: Physiology and Pathophysiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 748:65-106. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3573-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Petruzzella V, Sardanelli AM, Scacco S, Panelli D, Papa F, Trentadue R, Papa S. Dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I in neurological disorders: genetics and pathogenetic mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 942:371-84. [PMID: 22399432 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2869-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This chapter covers genetic and biochemical aspects of mitochondrial bioenergetics dysfunction in neurological disorders associated with complex I defects. Complex I formation and functionality in mammalian cells depends on coordinated expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes, post-translational subunit modifications, mitochondrial import/maturation of nuclear encoded subunits, subunits interaction and stepwise assembly, and on proteolytic processing. Examples of complex I dysfunction are herein presented: homozygous mutations in the nuclear NDUFS1 and NDUFS4 genes for structural components of complex I; an autosomic recessive form of encephalopathy associated with enhanced proteolytic degradation of complex I; familial cases of Parkinson associated to mutations in the PINK1 and Parkin genes, in particular, homoplasmic mutations in the ND5 and ND6 mitochondrial genes of the complex I, coexistent with mutation in the PINK1 gene. This knowledge, besides clarifying molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of hereditary diseases, can also provide hints for understanding the involvement of complex I in neurological disorders, as well as for developing therapeutical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
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15
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Papa S, Rasmo DD, Technikova-Dobrova Z, Panelli D, Signorile A, Scacco S, Petruzzella V, Papa F, Palmisano G, Gnoni A, Micelli L, Sardanelli AM. Respiratory chain complex I, a main regulatory target of the cAMP/PKA pathway is defective in different human diseases. FEBS Lett 2011; 586:568-77. [PMID: 21945319 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain has 31 supernumerary subunits in addition to the 14 conserved from prokaryotes to humans. Multiplicity of structural protein components, as well as of biogenesis factors, makes complex I a sensible pace-maker of mitochondrial respiration. The work reviewed here shows that the cAMP/PKA pathway regulates the biogenesis, assembly and catalytic activity of complex I and mitochondrial oxygen superoxide production. The structural, functional and regulatory complexity of complex I, renders it particularly vulnerable to genetic and sporadic pathological factors. Complex I dysfunction has, indeed, been found, to be associated with several human diseases. Knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases can help to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Papa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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16
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Understanding mitochondrial complex I assembly in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:851-62. [PMID: 21924235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the largest multimeric enzyme complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is responsible for electron transport and the generation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane to drive ATP production. Eukaryotic complex I consists of 14 conserved subunits, which are homologous to the bacterial subunits, and more than 26 accessory subunits. In mammals, complex I consists of 45 subunits, which must be assembled correctly to form the properly functioning mature complex. Complex I dysfunction is the most common oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disorder in humans and defects in the complex I assembly process are often observed. This assembly process has been difficult to characterize because of its large size, the lack of a high resolution structure for complex I, and its dual control by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. However, in recent years, some of the atomic structure of the complex has been resolved and new insights into complex I assembly have been generated. Furthermore, a number of proteins have been identified as assembly factors for complex I biogenesis and many patients carrying mutations in genes associated with complex I deficiency and mitochondrial diseases have been discovered. Here, we review the current knowledge of the eukaryotic complex I assembly process and new insights from the identification of novel assembly factors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biogenesis/Assembly of Respiratory Enzyme Complexes.
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17
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Compton S, Kim C, Griner NB, Potluri P, Scheffler IE, Sen S, Jerry DJ, Schneider S, Yadava N. Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs tumor suppressor p53 expression/function. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:20297-312. [PMID: 21502317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.163063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mitochondria have been suggested to act in tumor suppression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which mitochondria suppress tumorigenesis are far from being clear. In this study, we have investigated the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the tumor suppressor protein p53 using a set of respiration-deficient (Res(-)) mammalian cell mutants with impaired assembly of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. Our data suggest that normal mitochondrial function is required for γ-irradiation (γIR)-induced cell death, which is mainly a p53-dependent process. The Res(-) cells are protected against γIR-induced cell death due to impaired p53 expression/function. We find that the loss of complex I biogenesis in the absence of the MWFE subunit reduces the steady-state level of the p53 protein, although there is no effect on the p53 protein level in the absence of the ESSS subunit that is also essential for complex I assembly. The p53 protein level was also reduced to undetectable levels in Res(-) cells with severely impaired mitochondrial protein synthesis. This suggests that p53 protein expression is differentially regulated depending upon the type of electron transport chain/respiratory chain deficiency. Moreover, irrespective of the differences in the p53 protein expression profile, γIR-induced p53 activity is compromised in all Res(-) cells. Using two different conditional systems for complex I assembly, we also show that the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on p53 expression/function is a reversible phenomenon. We believe that these findings will have major implications in the understanding of cancer development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Compton
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, Massachusetts 01107, USA
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18
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The β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol promotes the activity of respiratory chain complex I and lowers cellular reactive oxygen species in fibroblasts and heart myoblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 652:15-22. [PMID: 21118678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A study is presented on the effect of the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol on mitochondrial oxygen metabolism in fibroblast and heart myoblast cultures. Isoproterenol treatment of serum-limited fibroblasts and proliferating myoblasts results in the promotion of mitochondrial complex I activity and decrease of the cellular level of reactive oxygen species. These effects of isoproterenol are associated with cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of complex I subunit(s). Addition of okadaic acid, inhibitor of protein phosphatase(s), reverses the decline of complex I activity in serum-limited fibroblast cultures and activates the complex in proliferating myoblast cultures. The effects of isoproterenol on complex I activity and reactive oxygen species balance can contribute to the therapeutic effect of the drug.
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Abstract
Acyl-Co dehydrogenase 9 (ACAD9) was thought to play a role in fatty acid oxidation. Nouws et al. (2010) reveal a novel and essential role for this enzyme in mitochondrial complex I assembly. A mutation in ACAD9 causes an isolated complex I deficiency in a subset of patients with mitochondrial disease.
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20
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De Rasmo D, Palmisano G, Scacco S, Technikova-Dobrova Z, Panelli D, Cocco T, Sardanelli AM, Gnoni A, Micelli L, Trani A, Di Luccia A, Papa S. Phosphorylation pattern of the NDUFS4 subunit of complex I of the mammalian respiratory chain. Mitochondrion 2010; 10:464-71. [PMID: 20433953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The NDUFS4 subunit of complex I of the mammalian respiratory chain has a fully conserved carboxy-terminus with a canonical RVSTK phosphorylation site. Immunochemical analysis with specific antibodies shows that the serine in this site of the protein is natively present in complex I in both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated state. Two-dimensional IEF/SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, (32)P labelling and immunodetection show that "in vitro" PKA phosphorylates the serine in the C-terminus of the NDUFS4 subunit in isolated bovine complex I. (32)P labelling and TLC phosphoaminoacid mapping show that PKA phosphorylates serine and threonine residues in the purified heterologous human NDUFS4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Rasmo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics (DIBIFIM), University of Bari, Italy
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21
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Lenaz G, Genova ML. Structure and organization of mitochondrial respiratory complexes: a new understanding of an old subject. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:961-1008. [PMID: 19739941 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain have been extensively investigated in their structural and functional properties. A clear distinction is possible today between three complexes in which the difference in redox potential allows proton translocation (complexes I, III, and IV) and those having the mere function to convey electrons to the respiratory chain. We also have a clearer understanding of the structure and function of most respiratory complexes, of their biogenesis and regulation, and of their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species. Past investigations led to the conclusion that the complexes are randomly dispersed and functionally connected by diffusion of smaller redox components, coenzyme Q and cytochrome c. More-recent investigations by native gel electrophoresis and single-particle image processing showed the existence of supramolecular associations. Flux-control analysis demonstrated that complexes I and III in mammals and I, III, and IV in plants kinetically behave as single units, suggesting the existence of substrate channeling. This review discusses conditions affecting the formation of supercomplexes that, besides kinetic advantage, have a role in the stability and assembly of the individual complexes and in preventing excess oxygen radical formation. Disruption of supercomplex organization may lead to functional derangements responsible for pathologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Lenaz
- Dipartimento di Biochimica "G. Moruzzi," Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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22
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Papa S, Scacco S, De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Papa F, Panelli D, Nicastro A, Scaringi R, Santeramo A, Roca E, Trentadue R, Larizza M. cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulates post-translational processing and expression of complex I subunits in mammalian cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:649-58. [PMID: 20303927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Work is presented on the role of cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation in post-translational processing and biosynthesis of complex I subunits in mammalian cell cultures. PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the NDUFS4 subunit of complex I promotes in cell cultures in vivo import/maturation in mitochondria of the precursor of this protein. The import promotion appears to be associated with the observed cAMP-dependent stimulation of the catalytic activity of complex I. These effects of PKA are counteracted by activation of protein phosphatase(s). PKA and the transcription factor CREB play a critical role in the biosynthesis of complex I subunits. CREB phosphorylation, by PKA and/or CaMKs, activates at nuclear and mitochondrial level a transcriptional regulatory cascade which promotes the concerted expression of nuclear and mitochondrial encoded subunits of complex I and other respiratory chain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Papa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics (DIBIFIM), University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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23
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Pathogenetic mechanisms in hereditary dysfunctions of complex I of the respiratory chain in neurological diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:502-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Potluri P, Davila A, Ruiz-Pesini E, Mishmar D, O'Hearn S, Hancock S, Simon M, Scheffler IE, Wallace DC, Procaccio V. A novel NDUFA1 mutation leads to a progressive mitochondrial complex I-specific neurodegenerative disease. Mol Genet Metab 2009; 96:189-95. [PMID: 19185523 PMCID: PMC2693342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases have been shown to result from mutations in mitochondrial genes located in either the nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mitochondrial OXPHOS complex I has 45 subunits encoded by 38 nuclear and 7 mitochondrial genes. Two male patients in a putative X-linked pedigree exhibiting a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a severe muscle complex I enzyme defect were analyzed for mutations in the 38 nDNA and seven mtDNA encoded complex I subunits. The nDNA X-linked NDUFA1 gene (MWFE polypeptide) was discovered to harbor a novel missense mutation which changed a highly conserved glycine at position 32 to an arginine, shown to segregate with the disease. When this mutation was introduced into a NDUFA1 null hamster cell line, a substantial decrease in the complex I assembly and activity was observed. When the mtDNA of the patient was analyzed, potentially relevant missense mutations were observed in the complex I genes. Transmitochondrial cybrids containing the patient's mtDNA resulted in a mild complex I deficiency. Interestingly enough, the nDNA encoded MWFE polypeptide has been shown to interact with various mtDNA encoded complex I subunits. Therefore, we hypothesize that the novel G32R mutation in NDUFA1 is causing complex I deficiency either by itself or in synergy with additional mtDNA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Potluri
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics (MAMMAG), University of California, 2034 Hewitt Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3940, USA
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25
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Eukaryotic complex I: functional diversity and experimental systems to unravel the assembly process. Mol Genet Genomics 2008; 280:93-110. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-008-0350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Papa S, De Rasmo D, Scacco S, Signorile A, Technikova-Dobrova Z, Palmisano G, Sardanelli AM, Papa F, Panelli D, Scaringi R, Santeramo A. Mammalian complex I: a regulable and vulnerable pacemaker in mitochondrial respiratory function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:719-28. [PMID: 18455500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the regulatory features of complex I of mammalian and human mitochondria are reviewed. In a variety of mitotic cell-line cultures, activation in vivo of the cAMP cascade, or direct addition of cAMP, promotes the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity of complex I and lower the cellular level of ROS. These effects of cAMP are found to be associated with PKA-mediated serine phosphorylation in the conserved C-terminus of the subunit of complex I encoded by the nuclear gene NDUFS4. PKA mediated phosphorylation of this Ser in the C-terminus of the protein promotes its mitochondrial import and maturation. Mass-spectrometry analysis of the phosphorylation pattern of complex I subunits is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Papa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics (DIBIFIM), University of Bari, Italy.
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27
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De Rasmo D, Panelli D, Sardanelli AM, Papa S. cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulates the mitochondrial import of the nuclear encoded NDUFS4 subunit of complex I. Cell Signal 2008; 20:989-97. [PMID: 18291624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The subunits of complex I encoded by the mammalian nuclear genes NDUFS4 (AQDQ protein) and NDUFB11 (ESSS protein) contain serine/threonine consensus phosphorylation sequences (CPS) in their presequence, the first also in the C-terminus. We have studied the impact of PKA mediated phosphorylation on the mitochondrial import of in vitro and in vivo synthesized NDUFS4 protein. The intramitochondrial accumulation of the mature form of in vitro synthesized NDUFS4 protein, but not that of ESSS protein, was promoted by PKA and depressed by alkaline phosphatase (AP). In HeLa cells, control or transfected with the NDUFS4 cDNA construct, the mitochondrial level of mature NDUFS4 protein was promoted by 8-Br-cAMP and depressed by H89. Ser173Ala mutagenesis in the C-terminus CPS abolished the appearance in mitochondria of the mature form of NDUFS4 protein. The promoting effect of PKA on the mitochondrial accumulation of mature NDUFS4 protein appears to be due to inhibition of its retrograde diffusion into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Rasmo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics (DIBIFIM), University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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28
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Yadava N, Potluri P, Scheffler IE. Investigations of the potential effects of phosphorylation of the MWFE and ESSS subunits on complex I activity and assembly. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 40:447-60. [PMID: 17931954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There have been several reports on the phosphorylation of various subunits of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) in mammalian mitochondria. The effects of phosphorylation on assembly or activity of these subunits have not been investigated directly. The cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the MWFE and ESSS subunits in isolated bovine heart mitochondria has been recently reported. We have investigated the significance of potential phosphorylation of these two subunits in complex I assembly and function by mutational analysis of the phosphorylation sites. Chinese hamster mutant cell lines missing either the MWFE or the ESSS subunits were transfected and complemented with the corresponding wild type and mutant cDNAs made by site-directed mutagenesis. In MWFE the serine 55 was substituted by alanine, glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate (S55A, S55E, S55Q, and S55D, respectively). The glutamate substitutions might be expected to mimic the phosphorylated state of the protein. With the exception of the MWFE(S55A) mutant protein the assembly of complex I was completely blocked, and no activity could be detected. Various substitutions in the ESSS protein (S2A, S2E, S8A, S8E, T21A, T21E, S30A, S30E) appeared to cause lower levels of mature protein and a significantly reduced complex I activity measured polarographically. The ESSS (S2/8A) double mutant protein caused a complete failure to assemble. These mutational analyses suggest that if phosphorylation occurs in vivo, the effects on complex I activity are significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yadava
- Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, CA 94945, United States
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29
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Lund KC, Wallace KB. Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent phosphoregulation of mitochondrial complex I is inhibited by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 226:94-106. [PMID: 17904600 PMCID: PMC2390784 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are known to directly inhibit mitochondrial complex I activity as well as various mitochondrial kinases. Recent observations that complex I activity and superoxide production are modulated through cAMP-dependent phosphorylation suggests a mechanism through which NRTIs may affect mitochondrial respiration via kinase-dependent protein phosphorylation. In the current study, we examine the potential for NRTIs to inhibit the cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of complex I and the associated NADH:CoQ oxidoreductase activities and rates of superoxide production using HepG2 cells. Phosphoprotein staining of immunocaptured complex I revealed that 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT; 10 and 50 microM), AZT monophosphate (150 microM), and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC; 1 microM) prevented the phosphorylation of the NDUFB11 subunit of complex I. This was associated with a decrease in complex I activity with AZT and AZT monophosphate only. In the presence of succinate, superoxide production was increased with 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI; 10 microM) and ddC (1 microM). In the presence of succinate+cAMP, AZT showed an inverse dose-dependent effect on superoxide production. None of the NRTIs examined inhibit PKA activity suggesting that the observed effects are due to a direct interaction with complex I. These data demonstrate a direct effect of NRTIs on cAMP-dependent regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics independent of DNA polymerase-gamma activity; in the case of AZT, these observations may provide a mechanism for the observed long-term toxicity with this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleb C Lund
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, 1035 University Drive, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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30
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Palmisano G, Sardanelli AM, Signorile A, Papa S, Larsen MR. The phosphorylation pattern of bovine heart complex I subunits. Proteomics 2007; 7:1575-83. [PMID: 17443843 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoproteome of bovine heart complex I of the respiratory chain has been analysed with a procedure based on nondenaturing gel electrophoretic separation of complex I from small quantities of mitochondria samples, in-gel digestion, in combination with phosphopeptide enrichment by titanium dioxide and MS. The results, complemented by analyses of purified samples of complex I, showed phosphorylation of five subunits of the complex, 42 kDa (human gene NDUFA10), ESSS, B14.5a (human gene NDUFA7), B14.5b (human gene NDUFC2) and B16.6 (GRIM-19). MS also revealed the presence of phosphorylated programmed cell death protein 8(AIF) in native and purified samples of complex I analysed. The possible physiological relevance of these findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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31
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Petruzzella V, Tessa A, Torraco A, Fattori F, Dotti MT, Bruno C, Cardaioli E, Papa S, Federico A, Santorelli FM. The NDUFB11 gene is not a modifier in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 355:181-7. [PMID: 17292333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.01.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Over 95% of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) cases are due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA-encoded subunits of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (E.C.1.6.5.3., complex I). A recessive X-linked susceptibility gene that acts synergistically with the primary mtDNA mutation to produce visual loss is suggested by the high male-to-female ratio among LHON patients. The ESSS protein is a recently isolated subunit of bovine heart mitochondrial complex I. We revisited the genomic sequence of NDUFB11, the human homolog mapping to chromosome Xp11.23, and identified two mRNA isoforms showing different expression profiles in human tissues. Cultured skin fibroblasts from four LHON patients showed a pattern of expression similar to normal controls. Moreover, NDUFB11 did not seem to influence risk and age at onset of visual loss in a total of 65 individuals from 35 Italian LHON families. Also, the gene was not affected in 11 children with a severe encephalopathy associated with decreased complex I activity in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Biology and Medical Physics, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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32
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Remacle C, Cardol P, Coosemans N, Gaisne M, Bonnefoy N. High-efficiency biolistic transformation of Chlamydomonas mitochondria can be used to insert mutations in complex I genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:4771-6. [PMID: 16537419 PMCID: PMC1450245 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509501103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been optimized by using a particle-gun device and cloned mitochondrial DNA or PCR fragments. A respiratory-deficient strain lacking a 1.2-kb mitochondrial DNA region including the left telomere and part of the cob gene could be rescued as well as a double-frameshift mutant in the mitochondrial cox1 and nd1 genes. High transformation efficiency has been achieved (100-250 transformants per microgram of DNA), the best results being obtained with linearized plasmid DNA. Molecular analysis of the transformants suggests that the right telomere sequence can be copied to reconstruct the left telomere by recombination. In addition, both nondeleterious and deleterious mutations could be introduced. Myxothiazol-resistant transformants have been created by introducing a nucleotide substitution into the cob gene. Similarly, an in-frame deletion of 23 codons has been created in the nd4 mitochondrial gene of both the deleted and frameshift recipient strains. These 23 codons are believed to encode the first transmembrane segment of the ND4 protein. This Deltand4 mutation causes a misassembly of complex I, with the accumulation of a subcomplex that is 250-kDa smaller than the wild-type complex I. The availability of efficient mitochondrial transformation in Chlamydomonas provides an invaluable tool for the study of mitochondrial biogenesis and, more specifically, for site-directed mutagenesis of mitochondrially encoded subunits of complex I, of special interest because the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whose mitochondrial genome can be manipulated virtually at will, is lacking complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Remacle
- Génétique des Microorganismes, Département des Sciences de la Vie, Institut de Botanique B22, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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33
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Noack H, Bednarek T, Heidler J, Ladig R, Holtz J, Szibor M. TFAM-dependent and independent dynamics of mtDNA levels in C2C12 myoblasts caused by redox stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:141-50. [PMID: 16439064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Revised: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
TFAM is an essential protein factor for the initiation of transcription of the mtDNA. It also functions as a packaging factor, which stabilizes the mtDNA pool. To investigate the regulatory role of TFAM for regeneration and proliferation of the mtDNA pool, we exposed the muscle cell line C2C12 to a severe redox stress (H2O2) or to a moderate redox stress (GSH depletion), determined the dynamics of the mtDNA levels and correlated this with the TFAM protein levels. H2O2 caused a concentration-dependent loss of mtDNA molecules. The mtDNA levels recovered slowly within 3 days after H2O2 stress. The TFAM protein was less degraded than the mtDNA indicating an accumulation of TFAM protein per mtDNA after H2O2 stress. Overexpression of TFAM did not protect against the mtDNA loss after H2O2 stress but shortened the recovery time. GSH depletion led to a proliferation of the mtDNA pool. Although the mtDNA levels increased the TFAM protein levels were unaffected by the GSH depletion. We conclude that the accumulation of the TFAM protein after H2O2 stress contributes to the regeneration of the mtDNA pool but that other mechanisms, independent from the TFAM protein amount have to be postulated to explain the proliferation of the mtDNA pool after GSH depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Noack
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, ZAMED, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 1, 06097 Halle, Germany.
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34
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Ogilvie I, Kennaway NG, Shoubridge EA. A molecular chaperone for mitochondrial complex I assembly is mutated in a progressive encephalopathy. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:2784-92. [PMID: 16200211 PMCID: PMC1236688 DOI: 10.1172/jci26020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) deficiency is a common cause of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disease. It is associated with a wide range of clinical phenotypes in infants, including Leigh syndrome, cardiomyopathy, and encephalomyopathy. In at least half of patients, enzyme deficiency results from a failure to assemble the holoenzyme complex; however, the molecular chaperones required for assembly of the mammalian enzyme remain unknown. Using whole genome subtraction of yeasts with and without a complex I to generate candidate assembly factors, we identified a paralogue (B17.2L) of the B17.2 structural subunit. We found a null mutation in B17.2L in a patient with a progressive encephalopathy and showed that the associated complex I assembly defect could be completely rescued by retroviral expression of B17.2L in patient fibroblasts. An anti-B17.2L antibody did not associate with the holoenzyme complex but specifically recognized an 830-kDa subassembly in several patients with complex I assembly defects and coimmunoprecipitated a subset of complex I structural subunits from normal human heart mitochondria. These results demonstrate that B17.2L is a bona fide molecular chaperone that is essential for the assembly of complex I and for the normal function of the nervous system.
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MESH Headings
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/diagnostic imaging
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/enzymology
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Central Nervous System/enzymology
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Child, Preschool
- Codon, Nonsense
- Electron Transport Complex I/deficiency
- Electron Transport Complex I/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex I/metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblasts/enzymology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Genome, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Molecular Chaperones/genetics
- Molecular Chaperones/metabolism
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Radiography
- Retroviridae
- Transduction, Genetic/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Isla Ogilvie
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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