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Wang Y, Lilienfeldt N, Hekimi S. Understanding coenzyme Q. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1533-1610. [PMID: 38722242 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone, comprises a benzoquinone head group and a long isoprenoid side chain. It is thus extremely hydrophobic and resides in membranes. It is best known for its complex function as an electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) but is also required for several other crucial cellular processes. In fact, CoQ appears to be central to the entire redox balance of the cell. Remarkably, its structure and therefore its properties have not changed from bacteria to vertebrates. In metazoans, it is synthesized in all cells and is found in most, and maybe all, biological membranes. CoQ is also known as a nutritional supplement, mostly because of its involvement with antioxidant defenses. However, whether there is any health benefit from oral consumption of CoQ is not well established. Here we review the function of CoQ as a redox-active molecule in the ETC and other enzymatic systems, its role as a prooxidant in reactive oxygen species generation, and its separate involvement in antioxidant mechanisms. We also review CoQ biosynthesis, which is particularly complex because of its extreme hydrophobicity, as well as the biological consequences of primary and secondary CoQ deficiency, including in human patients. Primary CoQ deficiency is a rare inborn condition due to mutation in CoQ biosynthetic genes. Secondary CoQ deficiency is much more common, as it accompanies a variety of pathological conditions, including mitochondrial disorders as well as aging. In this context, we discuss the importance, but also the great difficulty, of alleviating CoQ deficiency by CoQ supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noah Lilienfeldt
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Bryant SJ, Garvey CJ, Darwish TA, Georgii R, Bryant G. Molecular interactions with bilayer membrane stacks using neutron and X-ray diffraction. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 326:103134. [PMID: 38518550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Lamellar unit cell reconstruction from neutron and X-ray diffraction data provides information about the disposition and position of molecules and molecular segments with respect to the bilayer. When supplemented with the judicious use of molecular deuteration, the technique probes the molecular interactions and conformations within the bilayer membrane and the water layer which constitute the crystallographic unit cell. The perspective is model independent, and potentially, with a higher degree of resolution than is available with other techniques. In the case of neutron diffraction the measurement consists of carefully normalised diffracted intensity under conditions of contrast variation of the water layer. The subsequent Fourier reconstruction of the unit cell is made using the phase information from variation of peak intensities with contrast. Although the phase problem is not as easily solved for the corresponding X-ray measurements, an intuitive approach can often suffice. Here we discuss the two complimentary techniques as probes of scattering length density profiles of a bilayer, and how such a perspective provides information about the location and orientation of molecules within or between lipid bilayers. Within the basic paradigm of lamellar phases this method has provided, for example, detailed insights into the location and interaction of cryoprotectants and stress proteins, of the mechanisms of actions of viral proteins, antimicrobial compounds and drugs, and the underlying structure of the stratum corneum. In this paper we review these techniques and provide examples of the systems that have been examined. We finish with a future outlook on the use of these techniques to improve our understanding of the interactions of membranes with biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffron J Bryant
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher J Garvey
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tamim A Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia; Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Robert Georgii
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gary Bryant
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
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3
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Kagan VE, Straub AC, Tyurina YY, Kapralov AA, Hall R, Wenzel SE, Mallampalli RK, Bayir H. Vitamin E/Coenzyme Q-Dependent "Free Radical Reductases": Redox Regulators in Ferroptosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:317-328. [PMID: 37154783 PMCID: PMC10890965 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Lipid peroxidation and its products, oxygenated polyunsaturated lipids, act as essential signals coordinating metabolism and physiology and can be deleterious to membranes when they accumulate in excessive amounts. Recent Advances: There is an emerging understanding that regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) phospholipid peroxidation, particularly of PUFA-phosphatidylethanolamine, is important in a newly discovered type of regulated cell death, ferroptosis. Among the most recently described regulatory mechanisms is the ferroptosis suppressor protein, which controls the peroxidation process due to its ability to reduce coenzyme Q (CoQ). Critical Issues: In this study, we reviewed the most recent data in the context of the concept of free radical reductases formulated in the 1980-1990s and focused on enzymatic mechanisms of CoQ reduction in different membranes (e.g., mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane electron transporters) as well as TCA cycle components and cytosolic reductases capable of recycling the high antioxidant efficiency of the CoQ/vitamin E system. Future Directions: We highlight the importance of individual components of the free radical reductase network in regulating the ferroptotic program and defining the sensitivity/tolerance of cells to ferroptotic death. Complete deciphering of the interactive complexity of this system may be important for designing effective antiferroptotic modalities. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 317-328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam C. Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexandr A. Kapralov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Department of Environmental Health and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Ježek P, Jabůrek M, Holendová B, Engstová H, Dlasková A. Mitochondrial Cristae Morphology Reflecting Metabolism, Superoxide Formation, Redox Homeostasis, and Pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:635-683. [PMID: 36793196 PMCID: PMC10615093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondrial (mt) reticulum network in the cell possesses amazing ultramorphology of parallel lamellar cristae, formed by the invaginated inner mitochondrial membrane. Its non-invaginated part, the inner boundary membrane (IBM) forms a cylindrical sandwich with the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Crista membranes (CMs) meet IBM at crista junctions (CJs) of mt cristae organizing system (MICOS) complexes connected to OMM sorting and assembly machinery (SAM). Cristae dimensions, shape, and CJs have characteristic patterns for different metabolic regimes, physiological and pathological situations. Recent Advances: Cristae-shaping proteins were characterized, namely rows of ATP-synthase dimers forming the crista lamella edges, MICOS subunits, optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) isoforms and mitochondrial genome maintenance 1 (MGM1) filaments, prohibitins, and others. Detailed cristae ultramorphology changes were imaged by focused-ion beam/scanning electron microscopy. Dynamics of crista lamellae and mobile CJs were demonstrated by nanoscopy in living cells. With tBID-induced apoptosis a single entirely fused cristae reticulum was observed in a mitochondrial spheroid. Critical Issues: The mobility and composition of MICOS, OPA1, and ATP-synthase dimeric rows regulated by post-translational modifications might be exclusively responsible for cristae morphology changes, but ion fluxes across CM and resulting osmotic forces might be also involved. Inevitably, cristae ultramorphology should reflect also mitochondrial redox homeostasis, but details are unknown. Disordered cristae typically reflect higher superoxide formation. Future Directions: To link redox homeostasis to cristae ultramorphology and define markers, recent progress will help in uncovering mechanisms involved in proton-coupled electron transfer via the respiratory chain and in regulation of cristae architecture, leading to structural determination of superoxide formation sites and cristae ultramorphology changes in diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 635-683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Engstová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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LoRicco JG, Hoffmann I, Caliò A, Peters J. The membrane regulator squalane increases membrane rigidity under high hydrostatic pressure in archaeal membrane mimics. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6280-6286. [PMID: 37553974 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00352c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Apolar lipids within the membranes of archaea are thought to play a role in membrane regulation. In this work we explore the effect of the apolar lipid squalane on the dynamics of a model archaeal-like membrane, under pressure, using neutron spin echo spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on membrane dynamics at high pressure using NSE spectroscopy. Increasing pressure leads to an increase in membrane rigidity, in agreement with other techniques. The presence of squalane in the membrane results in a stiffer membrane supporting its role as a membrane regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonino Caliò
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP UMR 5240, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Judith Peters
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France.
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
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6
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Manicki M, Aydin H, Abriata LA, Overmyer KA, Guerra RM, Coon JJ, Dal Peraro M, Frost A, Pagliarini DJ. Structure and functionality of a multimeric human COQ7:COQ9 complex. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4307-4323.e10. [PMID: 36306796 PMCID: PMC10058641 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox-active lipid essential for core metabolic pathways and antioxidant defense. CoQ is synthesized upon the mitochondrial inner membrane by an ill-defined "complex Q" metabolon. Here, we present structure-function analyses of a lipid-, substrate-, and NADH-bound complex comprising two complex Q subunits: the hydroxylase COQ7 and the lipid-binding protein COQ9. We reveal that COQ7 adopts a ferritin-like fold with a hydrophobic channel whose substrate-binding capacity is enhanced by COQ9. Using molecular dynamics, we further show that two COQ7:COQ9 heterodimers form a curved tetramer that deforms the membrane, potentially opening a pathway for the CoQ intermediates to translocate from the bilayer to the proteins' lipid-binding sites. Two such tetramers assemble into a soluble octamer with a pseudo-bilayer of lipids captured within. Together, these observations indicate that COQ7 and COQ9 cooperate to access hydrophobic precursors within the membrane and coordinate subsequent synthesis steps toward producing CoQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Manicki
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Halil Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Rachel M Guerra
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53506, USA
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub and Altos Labs Bay Area Institute of Science, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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7
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Braasch-Turi MM, Koehn JT, Crans DC. Chemistry of Lipoquinones: Properties, Synthesis, and Membrane Location of Ubiquinones, Plastoquinones, and Menaquinones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12856. [PMID: 36361645 PMCID: PMC9656164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoquinones are the topic of this review and are a class of hydrophobic lipid molecules with key biological functions that are linked to their structure, properties, and location within a biological membrane. Ubiquinones, plastoquinones, and menaquinones vary regarding their quinone headgroup, isoprenoid sidechain, properties, and biological functions, including the shuttling of electrons between membrane-bound protein complexes within the electron transport chain. Lipoquinones are highly hydrophobic molecules that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in aqueous solution, causing obstacles in water-based assays that measure their chemical properties, enzyme activities and effects on cell growth. Little is known about the location and ultimately movement of lipoquinones in the membrane, and these properties are topics described in this review. Computational studies are particularly abundant in the recent years in this area, and there is far less experimental evidence to verify the often conflicting interpretations and conclusions that result from computational studies of very different membrane model systems. Some recent experimental studies have described using truncated lipoquinone derivatives, such as ubiquinone-2 (UQ-2) and menaquinone-2 (MK-2), to investigate their conformation, their location in the membrane, and their biological function. Truncated lipoquinone derivatives are soluble in water-based assays, and hence can serve as excellent analogs for study even though they are more mobile in the membrane than the longer chain counterparts. In this review, we will discuss the properties, location in the membrane, and syntheses of three main classes of lipoquinones including truncated derivatives. Our goal is to highlight the importance of bridging the gap between experimental and computational methods and to incorporate properties-focused considerations when proposing future studies relating to the function of lipoquinones in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan T. Koehn
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Braasch-Turi MM, Koehn JT, Kostenkova K, Van Cleave C, Ives JW, Murakami HA, Crick DC, Crans DC. Electron Transport Lipids Fold Within Membrane-Like Interfaces. Front Chem 2022; 10:827530. [PMID: 35350775 PMCID: PMC8957872 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.827530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoquinones, such as ubiquinones (UQ) and menaquinones (MK), function as essential lipid components of the electron transport system (ETS) by shuttling electrons and protons to facilitate the production of ATP in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Lipoquinone function in membrane systems has been widely studied, but the exact location and conformation within membranes remains controversial. Lipoquinones, such as Coenzyme Q (UQ-10), are generally depicted simply as "Q" in life science diagrams or in extended conformations in primary literature even though specific conformations are important for function in the ETS. In this study, our goal was to determine the location, orientation, and conformation of UQ-2, a truncated analog of UQ-10, in model membrane systems and to compare our results to previously studied MK-2. Herein, we first carried out a six-step synthesis to yield UQ-2 and then demonstrated that UQ-2 adopts a folded conformation in organic solvents using 1H-1H 2D NOESY and ROESY NMR spectroscopic studies. Similarly, using 1H-1H 2D NOESY NMR spectroscopic studies, UQ-2 was found to adopt a folded, U-shaped conformation within the interface of an AOT reverse micelle model membrane system. UQ-2 was located slightly closer to the surfactant-water interface compared to the more hydrophobic MK-2. In addition, Langmuir monolayer studies determined UQ-2 resided within the monolayer water-phospholipid interface causing expansion, whereas MK-2 was more likely to be compressed out and reside within the phospholipid tails. All together these results support the model that lipoquinones fold regardless of the headgroup structure but that the polarity of the headgroup influences lipoquinone location within the membrane interface. These results have implications regarding the redox activity near the interface as quinone vs. quinol forms may facilitate locomotion of lipoquinones within the membrane. The location, orientation, and conformation of lipoquinones are critical for their function in generating cellular energy within membrane ETS, and the studies described herein shed light on the behavior of lipoquinones within membrane-like environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan T. Koehn
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kateryna Kostenkova
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Cameron Van Cleave
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jacob W. Ives
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Heide A. Murakami
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dean C. Crick
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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9
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Chan CK, Singharoy A, Tajkhorshid E. Anionic Lipids Confine Cytochrome c2 to the Surface of Bioenergetic Membranes without Compromising Its Interaction with Redox Partners. Biochemistry 2022; 61:385-397. [PMID: 35025510 PMCID: PMC8909606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c2 (cyt. c2) is a major element in electron transfer between redox proteins in bioenergetic membranes. While the interaction between cyt. c2 and anionic lipids abundant in bioenergetic membranes has been reported, their effect on the shuttling activity of cyt. c2 remains elusive. Here, the effect of anionic lipids on the interaction and binding of cyt. c2 to the cytochrome bc1 complex (bc1) is investigated using a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) and Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations. MD is used to generate thermally accessible conformations of cyt. c2 and membrane-embedded bc1, which were subsequently used in multireplica BD simulations of diffusion of cyt. c2 from solution to bc1, in the presence of various lipids. We show that, counterintuitively, anionic lipids facilitate association of cyt. c2 with bc1 by localizing its diffusion to the membrane surface. The observed lipid-mediated bc1 association is further enhanced by the oxidized state of cyt. c2, in line with its physiological function. This lipid-mediated enhancement is salinity-dependent, and anionic lipids can disrupt cyt. c2-bc1 interaction at nonphysiological salt levels. Our data highlight the importance of the redox state of cyt. c2, the lipid composition of the chromatophore membrane, and the salinity of the chromatophore in regulating the efficiency of the electron shuttling process mediated by cyt. c2. The conclusions can be extrapolated to mitochondrial systems and processes, or any bioenergetic membrane, given the structural similarity between cyt. c2 and bc1 and their mitochondrial counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kit Chan
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Abhishek Singharoy
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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10
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New Insights into the Interaction of Class II Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenases with Ubiquinone in Lipid Bilayers as a Function of Lipid Composition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052437. [PMID: 35269583 PMCID: PMC8910288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fourth enzymatic reaction in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate, is catalyzed by dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Enzymes belonging to the DHODH Class II are membrane-bound proteins that use ubiquinones as their electron acceptors. We have designed this study to understand the interaction of an N-terminally truncated human DHODH (HsΔ29DHODH) and the DHODH from Escherichia coli (EcDHODH) with ubiquinone (Q10) in supported lipid membranes using neutron reflectometry (NR). NR has allowed us to determine in situ, under solution conditions, how the enzymes bind to lipid membranes and to unambiguously resolve the location of Q10. Q10 is exclusively located at the center of all of the lipid bilayers investigated, and upon binding, both of the DHODHs penetrate into the hydrophobic region of the outer lipid leaflet towards the Q10. We therefore show that the interaction between the soluble enzymes and the membrane-embedded Q10 is mediated by enzyme penetration. We can also show that EcDHODH binds more efficiently to the surface of simple bilayers consisting of 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine, and tetraoleoyl cardiolipin than HsΔ29DHODH, but does not penetrate into the lipids to the same degree. Our results also highlight the importance of Q10, as well as lipid composition, on enzyme binding.
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11
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Orozco Rodriguez JM, Wacklin-Knecht H, Knecht W. Protein-lipid interactions of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and three mutants associated with Miller syndrome. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:1337-1358. [PMID: 35184687 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2039393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and uses ubiquinone Q10, a lipophilic molecule located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), as its co-substrate. DHODH is anchored to the IMM by a single transmembrane helix located at its N-terminus. Nevertheless, how DHODH function is determined by its surrounding membrane environment and protein-lipid interactions, as well as the mechanism by which ubiquinone Q10 accesses the active site of DHODH from within the membrane are still largely unknown. Here, we describe the interaction between wild-type DHODH and three DHODH mutants associated with Miller syndrome and lipids using enzymatic assays, thermal stability assays and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Our results provide evidence indicating that the N-terminal part of human DHODH is not only a structural element for mitochondrial import and location of DHODH, but also influences enzymatic activity and utilization of ubiquinone Q10 and ubiquinone analogues in in vitro assays. They also support the role of tetraoleoyl cardiolipin as a lipid interacting with DHODH. Additionally, the results from QCM-D show that the Miller syndrome mutants studied differ in their interactions with supported lipid bilayers compared to wild-type DHODH. These altered interactions add another dimension to the effects of mutations found in Miller syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the protein-lipid interactions of DHODH variants associated with Miller syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Wacklin-Knecht
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,European Spallation Source ERIC, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Knecht
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Feng S, Wang R, Pastor RW, Klauda JB, Im W. Location and Conformational Ensemble of Menaquinone and Menaquinol, and Protein-Lipid Modulations in Archaeal Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4714-4725. [PMID: 33913729 PMCID: PMC8379905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Halobacteria, a type of archaea in high salt environments, have phytanyl ether phospholipid membranes containing up to 50% menaquinone. It is not understood why a high concentration of menaquinone is required and how it influences membrane properties. In this study, menaquinone-8 headgroup and torsion parameters of isoprenoid tail are optimized in the CHARMM36 force field. Molecular dynamics simulations of archaeal bilayers containing 0 to 50% menaquinone characterize the distribution of menaquinone-8 and menaquinol-8, as well as their effects on mechanical properties and permeability. Menaquinone-8 segregates to the membrane midplane above concentrations of 10%, favoring an extended conformation in a fluid state. Menaquinone-8 increases the bilayer thickness but does not significantly alter the area compressibility modulus and lipid chain ordering. Counterintuitively, menaquinone-8 increases water permeability because it lowers the free energy barrier in the midplane. The thickness increase due to menaquinone-8 may help halobacteria ameliorate hyper-osmotic pressure by increasing the membrane bending constant. Simulations of the archaeal membranes with archaerhodopsin-3 show that the local membrane surface adjusts to accommodate the thick membranes. Overall, this study delineates the biophysical landscape of 50% menaquinone in the archaeal bilayer, demonstrates the mixing of menaquinone and menaquinol, and provides atomistic details about menaquinone configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Feng
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, and Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Ruixing Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemistry Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Richard W. Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jeffery B. Klauda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, and Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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13
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LoRicco JG, Salvador-Castell M, Demé B, Peters J, Oger PM. Apolar Polyisoprenoids Located in the Midplane of the Bilayer Regulate the Response of an Archaeal-Like Membrane to High Temperature and Pressure. Front Chem 2020; 8:594039. [PMID: 33282836 PMCID: PMC7689154 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.594039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Archaea are known to inhabit some of the most extreme environments on Earth. The ability of archaea possessing membrane bilayers to adapt to high temperature (>85°C) and high pressure (>1,000 bar) environments is proposed to be due to the presence of apolar polyisoprenoids at the midplane of the bilayer. In this work, we study the response of this novel membrane architecture to both high temperature and high hydrostatic pressure using neutron diffraction. A mixture of two diether, phytanyl chain lipids (DoPhPC and DoPhPE) and squalane was used to model this novel architecture. Diffraction data indicate that at high temperatures a stable coexistence of fluid lamellar phases exists within the membrane and that stable coexistence of these phases is also possible at high pressure. Increasing the amount of squalane in the membrane regulates the phase separation with respect to both temperature and pressure, and also leads to an increase in the lamellar repeat spacing. The ability of squalane to regulate the ultrastructure of an archaea-like membrane at high pressure and temperature supports the hypothesis that archaea can use apolar lipids as an adaptive mechanism to extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Demé
- Department of Large Scale Structures, Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
| | - Judith Peters
- Department of Large Scale Structures, Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
- Department of Spectroscopy, Université Grenoble Alpes, LiPhy, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe M. Oger
- Univ Lyon, INSA de Lyon, CNRS, MAP UMR 5240, Villeurbanne, France
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14
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Salvador-Castell M, Demé B, Oger P, Peters J. Lipid Phase Separation Induced by the Apolar Polyisoprenoid Squalane Demonstrates Its Role in Membrane Domain Formation in Archaeal Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7375-7382. [PMID: 32515591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Archaea synthesize methyl-branched, ether phospholipids, which confer the archaeal membrane exceptional physicochemical properties. A novel membrane organization was proposed recently to explain the thermal and high pressure tolerance of the polyextremophilic archaeon Thermococcus barophilus. According to this theoretical model, apolar molecules could populate the midplane of the bilayer and could alter the physicochemical properties of the membrane, among which is the possibility to form membrane domains. We tested this hypothesis using neutron diffraction on a model archaeal membrane composed of two archaeal diether lipids with phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine headgroups in the presence of the apolar polyisoprenoid squalane. We show that squalane is inserted in the midplane at a maximal concentration between 5 and 10 mol % and that squalane can modify the lateral organization of the membrane and induces the coexistence of separate phases. The lateral reorganization is temperature- and squalane concentration-dependent and could be due to the release of lipid chain frustration and the induction of a negative curvature in the lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Demé
- Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble Cedex 9 F-38042, France
| | - Phil Oger
- INSA Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Judith Peters
- Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble Cedex 9 F-38042, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble 38000, France
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15
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Rodriguez JMO, Krupinska E, Wacklin-Knecht H, Knecht W. Preparation of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase for interaction studies with lipid bilayers. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:1306-1319. [PMID: 31997699 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1708100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that catalyzes the fourth step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is functionally connected to the respiratory chain via its lipophilic co-substrate, ubiquinone Q10. DHODH is the target for drugs approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, and mutations in its sequence have been identified as the cause of Miller syndrome, a rare genetic disorder. The N-terminus of DHODH consists of a signal peptide for mitochondrial import (MS), a transmembrane domain (TM), followed by a microdomain which interacts with the lipids of the IMM and has been proposed to form the binding site for ubiquinone Q10. However, the mechanism by which DHODH interacts with the membrane-embedded Q10 and the lipids of the IMM remains unknown. We present the preparation and characterization of proteins necessary for investigating the structural interactions of DHODH with the lipids of the IMM, including expression and purification of full-length and N-terminally truncated (without MS and TM) DHODH. We characterized the interaction of truncated DHODH with lipid bilayers containing some key lipids of the IMM using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring and compared it to the DHODH from E. coli, a DHODH that naturally lacks a TM. Our results suggest that although cardiolipin enhances the interaction of truncated DHODH with lipid bilayers, the presence of the TM in human DHODH is necessary for stable binding to and securing its location at the outer surface of the IMM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Krupinska
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Wacklin-Knecht
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,European Spallation Source ERIC, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Knecht
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Unusual features of the c-ring of F 1F O ATP synthases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18547. [PMID: 31811229 PMCID: PMC6897951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane integral ATP synthases produce adenosine triphosphate, the universal “energy currency” of most organisms. However, important details of proton driven energy conversion are still unknown. We present the first high-resolution structure (2.3 Å) of the in meso crystallized c-ring of 14 subunits from spinach chloroplasts. The structure reveals molecular mechanisms of intersubunit contacts in the c14-ring, and it shows additional electron densities inside the c-ring which form circles parallel to the membrane plane. Similar densities were found in all known high-resolution structures of c-rings of F1FO ATP synthases from archaea and bacteria to eukaryotes. The densities might originate from isoprenoid quinones (such as coenzyme Q in mitochondria and plastoquinone in chloroplasts) that is consistent with differential UV-Vis spectroscopy of the c-ring samples, unusually large distance between polar/apolar interfaces inside the c-ring and universality among different species. Although additional experiments are required to verify this hypothesis, coenzyme Q and its analogues known as electron carriers of bioenergetic chains may be universal cofactors of ATP synthases, stabilizing c-ring and prevent ion leakage through it.
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17
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Salvador-Castell M, Tourte M, Oger PM. In Search for the Membrane Regulators of Archaea. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4434. [PMID: 31505830 PMCID: PMC6770870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane regulators such as sterols and hopanoids play a major role in the physiological and physicochemical adaptation of the different plasmic membranes in Eukarya and Bacteria. They are key to the functionalization and the spatialization of the membrane, and therefore indispensable for the cell cycle. No archaeon has been found to be able to synthesize sterols or hopanoids to date. They also lack homologs of the genes responsible for the synthesis of these membrane regulators. Due to their divergent membrane lipid composition, the question whether archaea require membrane regulators, and if so, what is their nature, remains open. In this review, we review evidence for the existence of membrane regulators in Archaea, and propose tentative location and biological functions. It is likely that no membrane regulator is shared by all archaea, but that they may use different polyterpenes, such as carotenoids, polyprenols, quinones and apolar polyisoprenoids, in response to specific stressors or physiological needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Salvador-Castell
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Maxime Tourte
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Philippe M Oger
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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18
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Bryant G, Taylor MB, Darwish TA, Krause-Heuer AM, Kent B, Garvey CJ. Effect of deuteration on the phase behaviour and structure of lamellar phases of phosphatidylcholines - Deuterated lipids as proxies for the physical properties of native bilayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:196-203. [PMID: 30743066 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Deuteration of phospholipids is a common practice to elucidate membrane structure, dynamics and function, by providing selective visualisation in neutron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance and vibrational spectroscopy. It is generally assumed that the properties of the deuterated lipids are identical to those of the protiated lipids, and while a number of papers have compared the properties of different forms, to date this has been no systematic study of the effects over a range of conditions. Here we present a study of the effects of deuteration on the organisation and phase behaviour of four common phospholipids (DSPC, DPPC, DMPC, DOPC), observing the effect of chain deuteration and headgroup deuteration on lipid structure and phase behaviour. For saturated lipids in excess water the gel-fluid phase transition temperature is 4.3 ± 0.1 °C lower for lipids with deuterated chains compared to protiated chains, consistent with previous work. Despite this significant change, well away from the transition structural changes as measured by powder small angle X-ray scattering are small and within errors. To investigate this further, measurements were carried out on oriented multilamellar stacks of DOPC in the fluid phase at reduced hydration. Neutrons are used in conjunction with contrast variation to elucidate the role of the deuteration explicitly. It is found that deuterated chains cause a reduction in the lamellar repeat spacing and bilayer thickness, but deuterated headgroups cause an increase. Consequences for the interpretation of Neutron Scattering data with deuterated lipids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Bryant
- Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Physics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Matthew B Taylor
- Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Physics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamim A Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia.
| | - Anwen M Krause-Heuer
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Ben Kent
- Institute for Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christopher J Garvey
- Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia.
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19
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Mulkidjanian AY, Shalaeva DN, Lyamzaev KG, Chernyak BV. Does Oxidation of Mitochondrial Cardiolipin Trigger a Chain of Antiapoptotic Reactions? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1263-1278. [PMID: 30472963 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes selective oxidation of cardiolipin (CL), a four-tail lipid specific for the inner mitochondrial membrane. Interaction with oxidized CL transforms cytochrome c into peroxidase capable of oxidizing even more CL molecules. Ultimately, this chain of events leads to the pore formation in the outer mitochondrial membrane and release of mitochondrial proteins, including cytochrome c, into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, cytochrome c promotes apoptosome assembly that triggers apoptosis (programmed cell death). Because of this amplification cascade, even an occasional oxidation of a single CL molecule by endogenously formed reactive oxygen species (ROS) might cause cell death, unless the same CL oxidation triggers a separate chain of antiapoptotic reactions that would prevent the CL-mediated apoptotic cascade. Here, we argue that the key function of CL in mitochondria and other coupling membranes is to prevent proton leak along the interface of interacting membrane proteins. Therefore, CL oxidation should increase proton permeability through the CL-rich clusters of membrane proteins (CL islands) and cause a drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). On one hand, the MMP drop should hinder ROS generation and further CL oxidation in the entire mitochondrion. On the other hand, it is known to cause rapid fission of the mitochondrial network and formation of many small mitochondria, only some of which would contain oxidized CL islands. The fission of mitochondrial network would hinder apoptosome formation by preventing cytochrome c release from healthy mitochondria, so that slowly working protein quality control mechanisms would have enough time to eliminate mitochondria with the oxidized CL. Because of these two oppositely directed regulatory pathways, both triggered by CL oxidation, the fate of the cell appears to be determined by the balance between the CL-mediated proapoptotic and antiapoptotic reactions. Since this balance depends on the extent of CL oxidation, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants might be able to ensure cell survival in many pathologies by preventing CL oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Mulkidjanian
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Osnabrueck University, Department of Physics, 49069 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - D N Shalaeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - K G Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - B V Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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20
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Lipid bilayer position and orientation of novel carprofens, modulators of γ-secretase in Alzheimer's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2224-2233. [PMID: 30409518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
γ-Secretase is an integral membrane protein complex and is involved in the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein APP to produce amyloid-β peptides. Amyloid-β peptides are considered causative agents for Alzheimer's disease and drugs targeted at γ-secretase are investigated as therapeutic treatments. We synthesized new carprofen derivatives, which showed γ-secretase modulating activity and determined their precise position, orientation, and dynamics in lipid membranes by combining neutron diffraction, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. Our data indicate that the carprofen derivatives are inserted into the membrane interface, where the exact position and orientation depends on the lipid phase. This knowledge will help to understand the docking of carprofen derivatives to γ-secretase and in the design of new potent drugs. The approach presented here promises to serve as a general guideline how drug/target interactions in membranes can be analyzed in a comprehensive manner.
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21
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Ausili A, Torrecillas A, de Godos AM, Corbalán-García S, Gómez-Fernández JC. Phenolic Group of α-Tocopherol Anchors at the Lipid-Water Interface of Fully Saturated Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3336-3348. [PMID: 29447442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol is considered to carry on a very important role as an antioxidant for membranes and lipoproteins and other biological roles as membrane stabilizers and bioactive lipids. Given its essential role, it is very important to fully understand its location in the membrane. In this work, the vertical location of vitamin E in saturated membranes has been studied using biophysical techniques. Small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction experiments show that α-tocopherol alters the water layer between bilayers in both 1,2-dimyristoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), indicating its proximity to this surface. The quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of α-tocopherol indicates a low quenching efficiency by acrylamide and a higher quenching by 5-doxyl-PC than by 9- and 16-doxyl-PC. These results suggest that in both DMPC and DPPC membranes, the chromanol ring is not far away from the surface of the membrane but within the bilayer. 1H nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy magic-angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that α-tocopherol is localized in a similar manner in DMPC and DPPC membranes, with the chromanol ring embedded in the upper part of the hydrophobic bilayer. Using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was observed that the tail chain of α-tocopherol lies nearly parallel to the acyl chains of DMPC and DPPC. Taking these results together, it was concluded that in both DMPC and DPPC, the hydroxyl group of the chromanol ring will establish hydrogen bonding with water on the membrane surface, and the main axis of the α-tocopherol molecule will be perpendicular to the bilayer plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ausili
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado de Correos 4021 , E-30080 Murcia , Spain
| | - Alejandro Torrecillas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado de Correos 4021 , E-30080 Murcia , Spain
| | - Ana M de Godos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado de Correos 4021 , E-30080 Murcia , Spain
| | - Senena Corbalán-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado de Correos 4021 , E-30080 Murcia , Spain
| | - Juan C Gómez-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado de Correos 4021 , E-30080 Murcia , Spain
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22
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Heise N, Scholz F. Assessing the effect of the lipid environment on the redox potentials of the coenzymes Q10 and Q4 using lipid monolayers made of DOPC, DMPC, TMCL, TOCL, and natural cardiolipin (nCL) on mercury. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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23
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Wang G, Garvey CJ, Zhao H, Huang K, Kong L. Toward the Fabrication of Advanced Nanofiltration Membranes by Controlling Morphologies and Mesochannel Orientations of Hexagonal Lyotropic Liquid Crystals. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:membranes7030037. [PMID: 28753973 PMCID: PMC5618122 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity has been recognized as one of the major threats to human activity, and, therefore, water purification technologies are increasingly drawing attention worldwide. Nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology has been proven to be an efficient and cost-effective way in terms of the size and continuity of the nanostructure. Using a template based on hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) and partitioning monomer units within this structure for subsequent photo-polymerisation presents a unique path for the fabrication of NF membranes, potentially producing pores of uniform size, ranging from 1 to 5 nm, and large surface areas. The subsequent orientation of this pore network in a direction normal to a flat polymer film that provides ideal transport properties associated with continuous pores running through the membrane has been achieved by the orientation of hexagonal LLCs through various strategies. This review presents the current progresses on the strategies for structure retention from a hexagonal LLCs template and the up-to-date techniques used for the reorientation of mesochanels for continuity through the whole membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong 3220, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Garvey
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC 2232, Australia.
| | - Han Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Kang Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong 3220, Australia.
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24
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Hoyo J, Guaus E, Torrent-Burgués J. Tuning ubiquinone position in biomimetic monolayer membranes. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2017; 40:62. [PMID: 28620696 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2017-11552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Artificial lipid bilayers have been extensively studied as models that mimic natural membranes (biomimetic membranes). Several attempts of biomimetic membranes inserting ubiquinone (UQ) have been performed to enlighten which the position of UQ in the lipid layer is, although obtaining contradictory results. In this work, pure components (DPPC and UQ) and DPPC:UQ mixtures have been studied using surface pressure-area isotherms and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of the same compounds have been transferred onto solid substrates being topographically characterized on mica using atomic force microscopy and electrochemically on indium tin oxide slides. DPPC:UQ mixtures present less solid-like physical state than pure DPPC indicating a higher-order degree for the latter. UQ influences considerably DPPC during the fluid state, but it is mainly expelled after the phase transition at [Formula: see text] 26 mN·m^-1 for the 5:1 ratio and at [Formula: see text] 21 mN·m^-1 for lower UQ content. The thermodynamic studies confirm the stability of the DPPC:UQ mixtures before that event, although presenting a non-ideal behaviour. The results indicate that UQ position can be tuned by means of the surface pressure applied to obtain LB films and the UQ initial content. The UQ positions in the biomimetic membrane are distinguished by their formal potential: UQ located in "diving" position with the UQ placed in the DPPC matrix in direct contact with the electrode surface ( -0.04±0.02 V), inserted between lipid chains without contact to the substrate ( 0.00±0.01 V) and parallel to the substrate, above the lipid chains ( 0.09±0.02 V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hoyo
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Dpt. Chemical Engineering, 08222, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ester Guaus
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Dpt. Chemical Engineering, 08222, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torrent-Burgués
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Dpt. Chemical Engineering, 08222, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Garg S, Swaminathan V, Dhavala S, Kiebish MA, Sarangarajan R, Narain NR. CoQ 10 selective miscibility and penetration into lipid monolayers with lower lateral packing density. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1173-1179. [PMID: 28366515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CoQ10 is ubiquitously present in eukaryotic cells. It acts as electron carrier in the electron transport chain of the inner membrane of the mitochondria to facilitate aerobic cellular respiration. A highly stable lipid nanodispersion formulation containing CoQ10 (BPM31510) is currently in clinical investigation for treatment of cancer. This study was designed to determine whether biophysical interactions between CoQ10 and lipid, in part, explain the observed stability and cellular accumulation of CoQ10 in cells and tissues. A lipid monolayer at the air-water interface was used as an experimental membrane model to measure CoQ10 penetration and solubility. Lipid monolayers with varying proportions of CoQ10 were laterally compressed to measure CoQ10 miscibility and lateral organization. Additionally, lipid monolayers with varying lateral packing densities were spread at the air-water interface and CoQ10 was injected in proximity to measure its rate of penetration. Our results demonstrate that CoQ10 selectively penetrates into lipid monolayers with a lower lateral packing density, and is excluded by monolayers of higher packing densities. Data also indicates that CoQ10-lipid mixing is non-ideal. CoQ10 presence in lipid monolayers is biphasic, with one phase occupying the interstitial space between the DMPC lipids, and the other phase is present as pure CoQ10 domains. This work provides further insight into mechanism of action of CoQ10 based formulations that can significantly increase intracellular CoQ10 concentration to show pleotropic effects on cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Garg
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA 01710, USA.
| | | | - Sirisha Dhavala
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA 01710, USA.
| | | | | | - Niven R Narain
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA 01710, USA.
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26
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Tuz K, Li C, Fang X, Raba DA, Liang P, Minh DDL, Juárez O. Identification of the Catalytic Ubiquinone-binding Site of Vibrio cholerae Sodium-dependent NADH Dehydrogenase: A NOVEL UBIQUINONE-BINDING MOTIF. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3039-3048. [PMID: 28053088 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium-dependent NADH dehydrogenase (Na+-NQR) is a key component of the respiratory chain of diverse prokaryotic species, including pathogenic bacteria. Na+-NQR uses the energy released by electron transfer between NADH and ubiquinone (UQ) to pump sodium, producing a gradient that sustains many essential homeostatic processes as well as virulence factor secretion and the elimination of drugs. The location of the UQ binding site has been controversial, with two main hypotheses that suggest that this site could be located in the cytosolic subunit A or in the membrane-bound subunit B. In this work, we performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of aromatic residues located in transmembrane helices II, IV, and V of subunit B, near glycine residues 140 and 141. These two critical glycine residues form part of the structures that regulate the site's accessibility. Our results indicate that the elimination of phenylalanine residue 211 or 213 abolishes the UQ-dependent activity, produces a leak of electrons to oxygen, and completely blocks the binding of UQ and the inhibitor HQNO. Molecular docking calculations predict that UQ interacts with phenylalanine 211 and pinpoints the location of the binding site in the interface of subunits B and D. The mutagenesis and structural analysis allow us to propose a novel UQ-binding motif, which is completely different compared with the sites of other respiratory photosynthetic complexes. These results are essential to understanding the electron transfer pathways and mechanism of Na+-NQR catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Tuz
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and
| | - Chen Li
- Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | - Xuan Fang
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and
| | | | | | - David D L Minh
- Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
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27
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Biological Structures. NEUTRON SCATTERING - APPLICATIONS IN BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, AND MATERIALS SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805324-9.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Rokitskaya TI, Murphy MP, Skulachev VP, Antonenko YN. Ubiquinol and plastoquinol triphenylphosphonium conjugates can carry electrons through phospholipid membranes. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 111:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Kellermann MY, Yoshinaga MY, Valentine RC, Wörmer L, Valentine DL. Important roles for membrane lipids in haloarchaeal bioenergetics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2940-2956. [PMID: 27565574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in lipidomic analysis in combination with various physiological experiments set the stage for deciphering the structure-function of haloarchaeal membrane lipids. Here we focused primarily on changes in lipid composition of Haloferax volcanii, but also performed a comparative analysis with four other haloarchaeal species (Halobacterium salinarum, Halorubrum lacusprofundi, Halorubrum sodomense and Haloplanus natans) all representing distinctive cell morphologies and behaviors (i.e., rod shape vs. pleomorphic behavior). Common to all five haloarchaea, our data reveal an extraordinary high level of menaquinone, reaching up to 72% of the total lipids. This ubiquity suggests that menaquinones may function beyond their ordinary role as electron and proton transporter, acting simultaneously as ion permeability barriers and as powerful shield against oxidative stress. In addition, we aimed at understanding the role of cations interacting with the characteristic negatively charged surface of haloarchaeal membranes. We propose for instance that by bridging the negative charges of adjacent anionic phospholipids, Mg2+ acts as surrogate for cardiolipin, a molecule that is known to control curvature stress of membranes. This study further provides a bioenergetic perspective as to how haloarchaea evolved following oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere. The success of the aerobic lifestyle of haloarchaea includes multiple membrane-based strategies that successfully balance the need for a robust bilayer structure with the need for high rates of electron transport - collectively representing the molecular basis to inhabit hypersaline water bodies around the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Y Kellermann
- Department of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Lars Wörmer
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - David L Valentine
- Department of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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30
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Impact of Antioxidants on Cardiolipin Oxidation in Liposomes: Why Mitochondrial Cardiolipin Serves as an Apoptotic Signal? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8679469. [PMID: 27313834 PMCID: PMC4899610 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8679469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecules of mitochondrial cardiolipin (CL) get selectively oxidized upon oxidative stress, which triggers the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In a chemical model most closely resembling the mitochondrial membrane-liposomes of pure bovine heart CL-we compared ubiquinol-10, ubiquinol-6, and alpha-tocopherol, the most widespread naturally occurring antioxidants, with man-made, quinol-based amphiphilic antioxidants. Lipid peroxidation was induced by addition of an azo initiator in the absence and presence of diverse antioxidants, respectively. The kinetics of CL oxidation was monitored via formation of conjugated dienes at 234 nm. We found that natural ubiquinols and ubiquinol-based amphiphilic antioxidants were equally efficient in protecting CL liposomes from peroxidation; the chromanol-based antioxidants, including alpha-tocopherol, were 2-3 times less efficient. Amphiphilic antioxidants, but not natural ubiquinols and alpha-tocopherol, were able, additionally, to protect the CL bilayer from oxidation by acting from the water phase. We suggest that the previously reported therapeutic efficiency of mitochondrially targeted amphiphilic antioxidants is owing to their ability to protect those CL molecules that are inaccessible to natural hydrophobic antioxidants, being trapped within respiratory supercomplexes. The high susceptibility of such occluded CL molecules to oxidation may have prompted their recruitment as apoptotic signaling molecules by nature.
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31
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Quirk A, Lardner MJ, Tun Z, Burgess IJ. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy and Neutron Reflectivity Studies of Ubiquinone in Hybrid Bilayer Membranes under Potential Control. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2225-2235. [PMID: 26867110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced infrared adsorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) and neutron reflectometry (NR) were employed to characterize ubiquinone (UQ) containing hybrid bilayer membranes. The biomimetic membrane was prepared by fusing phospholipid vesicles on a hydrophobic octadecanethiol monolayer self-assembled on a thin gold film. Using SEIRAS, the assembly of the membrane is monitored in situ. The presence of ubiquinone is verified by the characteristic carbonyl peaks from the quinone ester. A well-ordered distal lipid leaflet results from fusion of vesicles with and without the addition of ubiquinone. With applied potential, the hybrid bilayer membrane in the absence of UQ behaves in the same way as previously reported solid supported phospholipid membranes. When ubiquinone is incorporated in the membrane, electric field induced changes in the distal leaflet are suppressed. Changes in the infrared vibrations of the ubiquinone due to applied potential indicate the head groups are located in both polar and nonpolar environments. The spectroscopic data reveal that the isoprenoid unit of the ubiquinone is likely lying in the midplane of the lipid bilayer while the head has some freedom to move within the hydrophobic core. The SEIRAS experiments show redox behavior of UQ incorporated in a model lipid membrane that are otherwise inaccessible with traditional electrochemistry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Quirk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Michael J Lardner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Zin Tun
- Canadian Neutron Beam Centre, Chalk River Laboratories , Chalk River, ON, Canada K0J 1J0
| | - Ian J Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
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32
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Gómez-Murcia V, Torrecillas A, de Godos AM, Corbalán-García S, Gómez-Fernández JC. Both idebenone and idebenol are localized near the lipid-water interface of the membrane and increase its fluidity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1071-81. [PMID: 26926421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Idebenone is a synthetic analog of coenzyme Q; both share a quinone moiety but idebenone has a shorter lipophilic tail ending with a hydroxyl group. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments showed that both idebenone and idebenol widened and shifted the phase transition of 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) to a lower temperature and a phase separation with different concentrations of these molecules was observed. Also small angle X-ray diffraction and wide angle X-ray diffraction revealed that both, idebenone and idebenol, induced laterally separated phases in fluid membranes when included in DPPC membranes. Electronic profiles showed that both forms, idebenone and idebenol, reduced the thickness of the fluid membrane. (2)H NMR measurements showed that the order of the membrane decreased at all temperatures in the presence of idebenone or idebenol, the greatest disorder being observed in the segments of the acyl chains close to the lipid-water interface. (1)H NOESY MAS NMR spectra were obtained using 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine membranes and results pointed to a similar location in the membrane for both forms, with the benzoquinone or benzoquinol rings and their terminal hydroxyl group of the hydrophobic chain located near the lipid/water interface of the phospholipid bilayer and the terminal hydroxyl group of the hydrophobic chain of both compounds located at the lipid/water interface. Taken together, all these different locations might explain the different physiological behavior shown by the idebenone/idebenol compared with the ubiquinone-10/ubiquinol-10 pair in which both compounds are differently localized in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gómez-Murcia
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Torrecillas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana M de Godos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Senena Corbalán-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan C Gómez-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
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33
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Nerdal W, Nilsen TRS, Steinkopf S. CoenzymeQ10 localizations in model membranes. A Langmuir monolayer study. Biophys Chem 2015; 207:74-81. [PMID: 26408828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willy Nerdal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Signe Steinkopf
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Bergen University College, Inndalsveien 28, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
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34
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Ota A, Šentjurc M, Bele M, Grabnar PA, Ulrih NP. Impact of Carrier Systems on the Interactions of Coenzyme Q10 with Model Lipid Membranes. FOOD BIOPHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-015-9417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Agmo Hernández V, Eriksson EK, Edwards K. Ubiquinone-10 alters mechanical properties and increases stability of phospholipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2233-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Partition, orientation and mobility of ubiquinones in a lipid bilayer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1560-73. [PMID: 26255075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquinone is the universal mobile charge carrier involved in biological electron transfer processes. Its redox properties and biological function depend on the molecular partition and lateral diffusion over biological membranes. However, ubiquinone localization and dynamics within lipid bilayers are long debated and still uncertain. Here we present molecular dynamics simulations of several ubiquinone homologs with variable isoprenoid tail lengths complexed to phosphatidylcholine bilayers. Initially, a new force-field parametrization for ubiquinone is derived from and compared to high level quantum chemical data. Free energy profiles for ubiquinone insertion in the lipid bilayer are obtained with the new force-field. The profiles allow for the determination of the equilibrium location of ubiquinone in the membrane as well as for the validation of the simulation model by direct comparison with experimental partition coefficients. A detailed analysis of structural properties and interactions shows that the ubiquinone polar head group is localized at the water-bilayer interface at the same depth of the lipid glycerol groups and oriented normal to the membrane plane. Both the localization and orientation of ubiquinone head groups do not change significantly when increasing the number of isoprenoid units. The isoprenoid tail is extended and packed with the lipid acyl chains. For ubiquinones with long tails, the terminal isoprenoid units have high flexibility. Calculated ubiquinone diffusion coefficients are similar to that found for the phosphatidylcholine lipid. These results may have further implications for the mechanisms of ubiquinone transport and binding to respiratory and photosynthetic protein complexes.
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37
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The location of coenzyme Q10 in phospholipid membranes made of POPE: a small-angle synchrotron X-ray diffraction study. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2015; 44:373-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-015-1031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Hoyo J, Guaus E, Torrent-Burgués J, Sanz F. Biomimetic Monolayer Films of Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Incorporating Plastoquinone. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:6170-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hoyo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Guaus
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Juan Torrent-Burgués
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fausto Sanz
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Lokhmatikov AV, Voskoboynikova NE, Cherepanov DA, Sumbatyan NV, Korshunova GA, Skulachev MV, Steinhoff HJ, Skulachev VP, Mulkidjanian AY. Prevention of peroxidation of cardiolipin liposomes by quinol-based antioxidants. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:1081-100. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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40
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Kent B, Hunt T, Darwish TA, Hauß T, Garvey CJ, Bryant G. Localization of trehalose in partially hydrated DOPC bilayers: insights into cryoprotective mechanisms. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20140069. [PMID: 24647907 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose, a natural disaccharide with bioprotective properties, is widely recognized for its ability to preserve biological membranes during freezing and dehydration events. Despite debate over the molecular mechanisms by which this is achieved, and that different mechanisms imply quite different distributions of trehalose molecules with respect to the bilayer, there are no direct experimental data describing the location of trehalose within lipid bilayer membrane systems during dehydration. Here, we use neutron membrane diffraction to conclusively show that the trehalose distribution in a dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) system follows a Gaussian profile centred in the water layer between bilayers. The absence of any preference for localizing near the lipid headgroups of the bilayers indicates that the bioprotective effects of trehalose at physiologically relevant concentrations are the result of non-specific mechanisms that do not rely on direct interactions with the lipid headgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kent
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Institute Soft Matter and Functional Materials, , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
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41
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42
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Poger D, Mark AE. The Relative Effect of Sterols and Hopanoids on Lipid Bilayers: When Comparable Is Not Identical. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:16129-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp409748d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Poger
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alan E. Mark
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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43
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Chen X, Sa'adedin F, Deme B, Rao P, Bradshaw J. Insertion of TAT peptide and perturbation of negatively charged model phospholipid bilayer revealed by neutron diffraction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1982-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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44
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Kreuzer M, Strobl M, Reinhardt M, Hemmer M, Hauß T, Dahint R, Steitz R. Impact of a model synovial fluid on supported lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:2648-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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45
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46
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Becucci L, Scaletti F, Guidelli R. Gel-phase microdomains and lipid rafts in monolayers affect the redox properties of ubiquinone-10. Biophys J 2011; 101:134-43. [PMID: 21723823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox properties of ubiquinone-10 (UQ) were examined in monolayers of mixtures of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, palmitoylsphingomyelin, and cholesterol of different compositions, self-assembled on a mercury electrode, over the pH range from 7.5 to 9.5. A detailed analysis of the cyclic voltammograms of UQ in the above lipid environments points to a mechanism consisting of an elementary electron transfer step followed by two protonation (or deprotonation) steps in quasiequilibrium and by a further electron transfer step. In a lipid environment of solid-ordered (s(o)) microdomains in a liquid-disordered (l(d)) matrix, electron transport across the lipid monolayer takes place in the l(d) phase. In a pure s(o) phase, UQ tends to segregate into UQ-rich pools, exhibiting reversible electron transfer steps. In a lipid environment consisting of liquid-ordered (l(o)) microdomains (lipid rafts) in an l(d) matrix, UQ molecules tend to localize along the edge of the lipid rafts. However, in a lipid environment consisting exclusively of l(o) and s(o) microdomains, UQ molecules tend to segregate into UQ-rich pools. In all lipid environments, electron transport by UQ occurs with the quinone moiety localized on the solution side with respect to the ester linkages of the dioleoylphosphatidylcholine molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Becucci
- Chemistry Department, Florence University, Firenze, Italy
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47
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Lipids in photosystem II: Multifunctional cofactors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:19-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Woronowicz K, Sha D, Frese RN, Sturgis JN, Nanda V, Niederman RA. The effects of protein crowding in bacterial photosynthetic membranes on the flow of quinone redox species between the photochemical reaction center and the ubiquinol-cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase. Metallomics 2011; 3:765-74. [PMID: 21691621 DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the native architecture of the intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM) of a variety of species of purple photosynthetic bacteria, obtained at submolecular resolution, shows a tightly packed arrangement of light harvesting (LH) and reaction center (RC) complexes. Since there are no unattributed structures or gaps with space sufficient for the cytochrome bc(1) or ATPase complexes, they are localized in membrane domains distinct from the flat regions imaged by AFM. This has generated a renewed interest in possible long-range pathways for lateral diffusion of UQ redox species that functionally link the RC and the bc(1) complexes. Recent proposals to account for UQ flow in the membrane bilayer are reviewed, along with new experimental evidence provided from an analysis of intrinsic near-IR fluorescence emission that has served to test these hypotheses. The results suggest that different mechanism of UQ flow exist between species such as Rhodobacter sphaeroides, with a highly organized arrangement of LH and RC complexes and fast RC electron transfer turnover, and Phaeospirillum molischianum with a more random organization and slower RC turnover. It is concluded that packing density of the peripheral LH2 antenna in the Rba. sphaeroides ICM imposes constraints that significantly slow the diffusion of UQ redox species between the RC and cytochrome bc(1) complex, while in Phs. molischianum, the crowding of the ICM with LH3 has little effect upon UQ diffusion. This supports the proposal that in this type of ICM, a network of RC-LH1 core complexes observed in AFM provides a pathway for long-range quinone diffusion that is unaffected by differences in LH complex composition or organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Woronowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Busch Campus, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA
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Hillman AR, Ryder KS, Madrid E, Burley AW, Wiltshire RJ, Merotra J, Grau M, Horswell SL, Glidle A, Dalgliesh RM, Hughes A, Cubitt R, Wildes A. Structure and dynamics of phospholipid bilayer films under electrochemical control. Faraday Discuss 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b911246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yuan Q, Kaylor JJ, Miu A, Bassilian S, Whitelegge JP, Travis GH. Rpe65 isomerase associates with membranes through an electrostatic interaction with acidic phospholipid headgroups. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:988-99. [PMID: 19892706 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.025643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Opsins are light-sensitive pigments in the vertebrate retina, comprising a G protein-coupled receptor and an 11-cis-retinaldehyde chromophore. Absorption of a photon by an opsin pigment induces isomerization of its chromophore to all-trans-retinaldehyde. After a brief period of activation, opsin releases all-trans-retinaldehyde and becomes insensitive to light. Restoration of light sensitivity to the apo-opsin involves the conversion of all-trans-retinaldehyde back to 11-cis-retinaldehyde via an enzyme pathway called the visual cycle. The critical isomerization step in this pathway is catalyzed by Rpe65. Rpe65 is strongly associated with membranes but contains no membrane-spanning segments. It was previously suggested that the affinity of Rpe65 for membranes is due to palmitoylation of one or more Cys residues. In this study, we re-examined this hypothesis. By two independent strategies involving mass spectrometry, we show that Rpe65 is not palmitoylated nor does it appear to undergo other post-translational modifications at significant stoichiometry. Instead, we show that Rpe65 binds the acidic phospholipids, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin, but not phosphatidic acid. No binding of Rpe65 to basic phospholipids or neutral lipids was observed. The affinity of Rpe65 to acidic phospholipids was strongly pH-dependent, suggesting an electrostatic interaction of basic residues in Rpe65 with negatively charged phospholipid headgroups. Binding of Rpe65 to liposomes containing phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylglycerol, but not the basic or neutral phospholipids, allowed the enzyme to extract its insoluble substrate, all-trans-retinyl palmitate, from the lipid bilayer for synthesis of 11-cis-retinol. The interaction of Rpe65 with acidic phospholipids is therefore biologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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