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Zhuang Y, Jiang W, Zhao Z, Li W, Deng Z, Liu J. Ion channel-mediated mitochondrial volume regulation and its relationship with mitochondrial dynamics. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2335467. [PMID: 38546173 PMCID: PMC10984129 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2024.2335467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion, one of the important cellular organelles, has the major function of generating adenosine triphosphate and plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, governing signal transduction, regulating membrane potential, controlling programmed cell death and modulating cell proliferation. The dynamic balance of mitochondrial volume is an important factor required for maintaining the structural integrity of the organelle and exerting corresponding functions. Changes in the mitochondrial volume are closely reflected in a series of biological functions and pathological changes. The mitochondrial volume is controlled by the osmotic balance between the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix. Thus, any disruption in the influx of the main ion, potassium, into the cells can disturb the osmotic balance between the cytoplasm and the matrix, leading to water movement between these compartments and subsequent alterations in mitochondrial volume. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial volume homeostasis is closely implicated in a variety of diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the main influencing factors and research progress in the field of mitochondrial volume homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhuang
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Clinical College of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenting Jiang
- Operating room, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wencui Li
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqin Deng
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Danylovych HV, Danylovych YV, Pavliuk MR, Kosterin SO. Products of oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism of L-arginine as potential regulators of Ca 2+ transport in mitochondria of uterine smooth muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130652. [PMID: 38857773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in cells. Due to the critical regulatory role of the products of oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism of L-arginine, it is essential to clarify their effect on Ca2+ transport in smooth muscle mitochondria. Experiments were performed on the uterine myocytes of rats and isolated mitochondria. The possibility of NO synthesis by mitochondria was demonstrated by confocal microscopy and spectrofluorimetry methods using the NO-sensitive fluorescent probe DAF-FM and Mitotracker Orange CM-H2TMRos. It was shown that 50 μM L-arginine stimulates the energy-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ in mitochondria using the fluorescent probe Fluo-4 AM. A similar effect occurred when using nitric oxide donors 100 μM SNP, SNAP, and sodium nitrite (SN) directly. The stimulating effect was eliminated in the presence of the NO scavenger C-PTIO. Nitric oxide reduces the electrical potential in mitochondria without causing them to swell. The stimulatory effect of spermine on the accumulation of Ca2+ by mitochondria is attributed to the enhancement of NO synthesis, which was demonstrated with the use of C-PTIO, NO-synthase inhibitors (100 μM NA and L-NAME), as well as by direct monitoring of NO synthesis fluorescent probe DAF-FM. A conclusion was drawn about the potential regulatory effect of the product of the oxidative metabolism of L-arginine - NO on the transport of Ca2+ in the mitochondria of the myometrium, as well as the corresponding effect of the product of non-oxidative metabolism -spermine by increasing the synthesis of NO in these subcellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna V Danylovych
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Yuriy V Danylovych
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maksym R Pavliuk
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy O Kosterin
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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3
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Hosler J, Hoang N, Edwards KS. The cyclic lipopeptide micafungin induces rupture of isolated mitochondria by reprograming the mitochondrial inner membrane anion channel. Mitochondrion 2023; 71:50-62. [PMID: 37201620 PMCID: PMC10524837 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal activity of the drug micafungin, a cyclic lipopeptide that interacts with membrane proteins, may involve inhibition of fungal mitochondria. In humans, mitochondria are spared by the inability of micafungin to cross the cytoplasmic membrane. Using isolated mitochondria, we find that micafungin initiates the uptake of salts, causing rapid swelling and rupture of mitochondria with release of cytochrome c. The inner membrane anion channel (IMAC) is altered by micafungin to transfer both cations and anions. We propose that binding of anionic micafungin to IMAC attracts cations into the ion pore for the rapid transfer of ion pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hosler
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Ngoc Hoang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Kristin Shirey Edwards
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, United States.
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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Three-Dimensional Cell Culture: Ion Homeostasis and Ouabain-Induced Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020301. [PMID: 36830836 PMCID: PMC9953635 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the changes in ion homeostasis of human endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eMSCs) during the formation of three-dimensional (3D) cell structures (spheroids) and investigates the conditions for apoptosis induction in 3D eMSCs. Detached from the monolayer culture, (2D) eMSCs accumulate Na+ and have dissipated transmembrane ion gradients, while in compact spheroids, eMSCs restore the lower Na+ content and the high K/Na ratio characteristic of functionally active cells. Organized as spheroids, eMSCs are non-proliferating cells with an active Na/K pump and a lower K+ content per g cell protein, which is typical for quiescent cells and a mean lower water content (lower hydration) in 3D eMSCs. Further, eMSCs in spheroids were used to evaluate the role of K+ depletion and cellular signaling context in the induction of apoptosis. In both 2D and 3D eMSCs, treatment with ouabain (1 µM) results in inhibition of pump-mediated K+ uptake and severe K+ depletion as well as disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In 3D eMSCs (but not in 2D eMSCs), ouabain initiates apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. It is concluded that, when blocking the Na/K pump, cardiac glycosides prime mitochondria to apoptosis, and whether a cell enters the apoptotic pathway depends on the cell-specific signaling context, which includes the type of apoptotic protein expressed.
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5
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Automated analysis of mitochondrial dimensions in mesenchymal stem cells: Current methods and future perspectives. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12987. [PMID: 36711314 PMCID: PMC9873686 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As centre of energy production and key regulators of metabolic and cellular signaling pathways, the integrity of mitochondria is essential for mesenchymal stem cell function in tissue regeneration. Alterations in the size, shape and structural organization of mitochondria are correlated with the physiological state of the cell and its environment and could be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Therefore, high-throughput experimental and computational techniques are crucial to ensure adequate correlations between mitochondrial function and disease phenotypes. The emerge of microfluidic technologies can address the shortcomings of traditional methods to determine mitochondrial dimensions for diagnostic and therapeutic use. This review discusses optical detection methods compatible with microfluidics to measure mitochondrial dynamics and their potential for clinical stem cell research targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Kampa RP, Sęk A, Bednarczyk P, Szewczyk A, Calderone V, Testai L. Flavonoids as new regulators of mitochondrial potassium channels: contribution to cardioprotection. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 75:466-481. [PMID: 36508341 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Acute myocardial ischemia is one of the major causes of illness in western society. Reduced coronary blood supply leads to cell death and loss of cardiomyocyte population, resulting in serious and often irreversible consequences on myocardial function. Mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels have been identified as fine regulators of mitochondrial function and, consequently, in the metabolism of the whole cell, and in the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotection. Interestingly, mitoK channels represent a novel putative target for treating cardiovascular diseases, particularly myocardial infarction, and their modulators represent an interesting tool for pharmacological intervention. In this review, we took up the challenge of selecting flavonoids that show cardioprotective properties through the activation of mitoK channels.
Key findings
A brief overview of the main information on mitoK channels and their participation in the induction of cytoprotective processes was provided. Then, naringenin, quercetin, morin, theaflavin, baicalein, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, puerarin, luteolin and proanthocyanidins demonstrated to be effective modulators of mitoK channels activity, mediating many beneficial effects.
Summary
The pathophysiological role of mitoK channels has been investigated as well as the impact of flavonoids on this target with particular attention to their potential role in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał P Kampa
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS , Warsaw , Poland
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Aleksandra Sęk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS , Warsaw , Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS , Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Italy
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Malas KM, Lambert DS, Heisner JS, Camara AKS, Stowe DF. Time and charge/pH-dependent activation of K + channel-mediated K + influx and K +/H + exchange in guinea pig heart isolated mitochondria; role in bioenergetic stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148908. [PMID: 35961396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role not only in producing energy for the cell but also for regulating mitochondrial and cell function depending on the cell's needs and environment. Uptake of cations, anions, and substrates requires a stable, polarized transmembrane charge potential (ΔΨm). Chemiosmosis requires ion exchangers to remove Na+, K+, Ca2+, PO43-, and other charged species that enter mitochondria. Knowledge of the kinetics of mitochondrial (m) cation channels and exchangers is important in understanding their roles in regulating mitochondrial chemiosmosis and bioenergetics. The influx/efflux of K+, the most abundant mitochondrial cation, alters mitochondrial volume and shape by bringing in anions and H2O by osmosis. The effects of K+ uptake through ligand-specific mK+ channels stimulated/inhibited by agonists/antagonists on mitochondrial volume (swelling/contraction) are well known. However, a more important role for K+ influx is likely its effects on H+ cycling and bioenergetics facilitated by mitochondrial (m) K+/H+ exchange (mKHE), though the kinetics and consequences of K+ efflux by KHE are not well described. We hypothesized that a major role of K+ influx/efflux is stimulation of respiration via the influx of H+ by KHE. We proposed to modulate KHE activity by energizing guinea pig heart isolated mitochondria and by altering the mK+ cycle to capture changes in mitochondrial volume, pHm, ΔΨm, and respiration that would reflect a role for H+ influx via KHE to regulate bioenergetics. To test this, mitochondria were suspended in a 150 mM K+ buffer at pH 6.9, or in a 140 mM Cs+ buffer at pH 7.6 or 6.9 with added 10 mM K+, minimal Ca2+ and free of Na+. O2 content was measured by a Clark electrode, and pHm, ΔΨm, and volume, were measured by fluorescence spectrophotometry and light-scattering. Adding pyruvic acid (PA) alone caused increases in volume and respiration and a rapid decrease in the transmembrane pH gradient (ΔpHm = pHin-pHext) at pHext 6.9> > 7.6, so that ΔΨm was charged and maintained. BKCa agonist NS1619 and antagonist paxilline modified these effects, and KHE inhibitor quinine and K+ ionophore valinomycin depolarized ΔΨm. We postulate that K+ efflux-induced H+ influx via KHE causes an inward H+ leak that stimulates respiration, but at buffer pH 6.9 also utilizes the energy of ΔpHm, the smaller component of the overall proton motive force, ΔμH+. Thus ΔpHm establishes and maintains the ΔΨm required for utilization of substrates, entry of all cations, and for oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, K+ influx/efflux appears to play a pivotal role in regulating energetics while maintaining mitochondrial ionic balance and volume homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem M Malas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David S Lambert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James S Heisner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David F Stowe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Division, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Zablocki Veterans Administration, Research Service, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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8
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Potential Therapeutic Approach of Melatonin against Omicron and Some Other Variants of SARS-CoV-2. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206934. [PMID: 36296527 PMCID: PMC9609612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Omicron variant (B.529) of COVID-19 caused disease outbreaks worldwide because of its contagious and diverse mutations. To reduce these outbreaks, therapeutic drugs and adjuvant vaccines have been applied for the treatment of the disease. However, these drugs have not shown high efficacy in reducing COVID-19 severity, and even antiviral drugs have not shown to be effective. Researchers thus continue to search for an effective adjuvant therapy with a combination of drugs or vaccines to treat COVID-19 disease. We were motivated to consider melatonin as a defensive agent against SARS-CoV-2 because of its various unique properties. Over 200 scientific publications have shown the significant effects of melatonin in treating diseases, with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Melatonin has a high safety profile, but it needs further clinical trials and experiments for use as a therapeutic agent against the Omicron variant of COVID-19. It might immediately be able to prevent the development of severe symptoms caused by the coronavirus and can reduce the severity of the infection by improving immunity.
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Danylovych YV, Danylovych HV, Kolomiets OV, Sviatnenko MD, Kosterin SO. Biochemical properties of H+-Ca2+-exchanger in the myometrium mitochondria. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:369-380. [PMID: 36176920 PMCID: PMC9513619 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some biochemical properties of the H+-Ca2+-exchanger in uterine smooth muscle mitochondria have been described. The experiments were performed on a suspension of isolated mitochondria from the myometrium of rats. Methods of confocal microscopy, spectrofluorimetry and photon correlation spectroscopy were used. Fluo-4 probe was used to record changes in ionized Ca2+ in the matrix and cytosol; pH changes in the matrix were evaluated with BCECF. It was experimentally proved that in the myometrium instead of Na+-Ca2+-exchanger the H+-Ca2+-exchanger functions. It was activated at a physiological pH value, was carried out in stoichiometry 1: 1 and was electrogenic. The transport system was modulated by magnesium ions and the diuretic amiloride, but was not sensitive to changes in the concentration of extra-mitochondrial potassium ions. H+-Ca2+-exchanger was suppressed by antibodies against the LETM1 protein. Calmodulin may act as a regulator of H+-Ca2+-exchanger by inhibiting it. It has been shown the possibility of the existence of H+-Ca2+-exchanger in the mitochondria of the myometrium. Functioning of H+-Ca2+-exchanger does not depend on the gradient of sodium and potassium ions; is activated at physiological pH values; is carried out in stoichiometry 1:1 and is electrogenic; inhibited by antibodies against LETM1 protein; modulated by the magnesium ions and diuretic amiloride; calmodulin may act as a regulator of H+-Ca2+-exchanger.
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Danylovych HV, Chunikhin AY, Danylovych YV, Kosterin SO. Application of petri nets methodology to determine biophysicochemical parameters of mitochondria functioning. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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11
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Pedersen SF, Flinck M, Pardo LA. The Interplay between Dysregulated Ion Transport and Mitochondrial Architecture as a Dangerous Liaison in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105209. [PMID: 34069047 PMCID: PMC8156689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport of ions and nutrients is a core mitochondrial function, without which there would be no mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production. Both ion homeostasis and mitochondrial phenotype undergo pervasive changes during cancer development, and both play key roles in driving the malignancy. However, the link between these events has been largely ignored. This review comprehensively summarizes and critically discusses the role of the reciprocal relationship between ion transport and mitochondria in crucial cellular functions, including metabolism, signaling, and cell fate decisions. We focus on Ca2+, H+, and K+, which play essential and highly interconnected roles in mitochondrial function and are profoundly dysregulated in cancer. We describe the transport and roles of these ions in normal mitochondria, summarize the changes occurring during cancer development, and discuss how they might impact tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine F. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (S.F.P.); (L.A.P.)
| | - Mette Flinck
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Luis A. Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.F.P.); (L.A.P.)
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12
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Abstract
The evolution of the eukaryotic cell from the primal endosymbiotic event involved a complex series of adaptations driven primarily by energy optimization. Transfer of genes from endosymbiont to host and concomitant expansion (by infolding) of the endosymbiont's chemiosmotic membrane greatly increased output of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and placed selective pressure on the membrane at the host-endosymbiont interface to sustain the energy advantage. It is hypothesized that critical functions at this interface (metabolite exchange, polypeptide import, barrier integrity to proteins and DNA) were managed by a precursor β-barrel protein ("pβB") from which the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) descended. VDAC's role as hub for disparate and increasingly complex processes suggests an adaptability that likely springs from a feature inherited from pβB, retained because of important advantages conferred. It is proposed that this property is the remarkable structural flexibility evidenced in VDAC's gating mechanism, a possible origin of which is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A Mannella
- Department of Physiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA
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13
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Crivellari I, Pecorelli A, Cordone V, Marchi S, Pinton P, Hayek J, Cervellati C, Valacchi G. Impaired mitochondrial quality control in Rett Syndrome. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 700:108790. [PMID: 33549528 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused in the 95% of cases by mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene, affecting almost exclusively females. While the genetic basis of RTT is known, the exact pathogenic mechanisms that lead to the broad spectrum of symptoms still remain enigmatic. Alterations in the redox homeostasis have been proposed among the contributing factors to the development and progression of the syndrome. Mitochondria appears to play a central role in RTT oxidative damage and a plethora of mitochondrial defects has already been recognized. However, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, which represent critical pathways in regulating mitochondrial quality control (QC), have not yet been investigated in RTT. The present work showed that RTT fibroblasts have networks of hyperfused mitochondria with morphological abnormalities and increased mitochondrial volume. Moreover, analysis of mitophagic flux revealed an impaired PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial removal associated with an increase of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mitofusins 1 and 2 (MFN1 and 2) and a decrease of fission mediators including Dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1) and Mitochondrial fission 1 protein (FIS1). Finally, challenging RTT fibroblasts with FCCP and 2,4-DNP did not trigger a proper apoptotic cell death due to a defective caspase 3/7 activation. Altogether, our findings shed light on new aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction in RTT that are represented by defective mitochondrial QC pathways, also providing new potential targets for a therapeutic intervention aimed at slowing down clinical course and manifestations in the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Crivellari
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Dept., North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Valeria Cordone
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Joussef Hayek
- Toscana Life Science Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Dept., North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA; Kyung Hee University, Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul, South Korea.
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14
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Danylovych Y, Danylovych H, Kosterin S. ROLE OF POTASSIUM IONS IN NITRIC OXIDE BIOSYNTHESIS BY SMOOTH MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIA. FIZIOLOHICHNYĬ ZHURNAL 2021; 67:16-23. [DOI: 10.15407/fz67.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
The NO-synthase activity (mtNOS) in mitochondria of uterine smooth muscle was studied. The mitochondrial localization of NO synthesis in myocytes was proved using laser confocal microscopy method and specific fluorescent probes MitoTracker Orange (specific to mitochondria) and DAFFM (NO-sensitive fluorescent probe). It was demonstrated using flow cytometry that nitric oxide biosynthesis in isolated mytochondria decreased in the presence of a constitutive NOsynthase blocker 2-aminopyridine (100 μmol per l, 50% inhibition) and monoclonal antibodies (2.5 μg anti-Let m1 per 50 μg protein) against the H+-Ca2+-exchanger (Letm1 protein), but was’t sensitive to the mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor cyclosporin A (5 μmol per l). A decrease of potassium ions concentration in the incubation medium and the presence of various types of potassium channel inhibitors significantly inhibited the NO-synthase reaction. We have concluded that potassium permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane plays important role in the regulation of mtNOS activity.
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15
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Mitochondrial osmoregulation in evolution, cation transport and metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148368. [PMID: 33422486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a retrospective on the role of osmotic regulation in the process of eukaryogenesis. Specifically, it focuses on the adjustments which must have been made by the original colonizing α-proteobacteria that led to the evolution of modern mitochondria. We focus on the cations that are fundamentally involved in volume determination and cellular metabolism and define the transporter landscape in relation to these ions in mitochondria as we know today. We provide analysis on how the cations interplay and together maintain osmotic balance that allows for effective ATP synthesis in the organelle.
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16
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Mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes in mammalian cells: structural versus functional role. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 99:57-73. [PMID: 33201259 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are recognized as the main source of ATP to meet the energy demands of the cell. ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation when electrons are transported through the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and develop the proton motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane that is used for ATP synthesis. Studies since the 1960s have been concentrated on the two models of structural organization of ETC complexes known as "solid-state" and "fluid-state" models. However, advanced new techniques such as blue-native gel electrophoresis, mass spectroscopy, and cryogenic electron microscopy for analysis of macromolecular protein complexes provided new data in favor of the solid-state model. According to this model, individual ETC complexes are assembled into macromolecular structures known as respiratory supercomplexes (SCs). A large number of studies over the last 20 years proposed the potential role of SCs to facilitate substrate channeling, maintain the integrity of individual ETC complexes, reduce electron leakage and production of reactive oxygen species, and prevent excessive and random aggregation of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, many other studies have challenged the proposed functional role of SCs. Recently, a third model known as the "plasticity" model was proposed that partly reconciles both "solid-state" and "fluid-state" models. According to the "plasticity" model, respiratory SCs can co-exist with the individual ETC complexes. To date, the physiological role of SCs remains unknown, although several studies using tissue samples of patients or animal/cell models of human diseases revealed an associative link between functional changes and the disintegration of SC assembly. This review summarizes and discusses previous studies on the mechanisms and regulation of SC assembly under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Morisaki Y, Nakagawa I, Ogawa Y, Yokoyama S, Furuta T, Saito Y, Nakase H. Ischemic Postconditioning Reduces NMDA Receptor Currents Through the Opening of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore and K ATP Channel in Mouse Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1079-1089. [PMID: 33159622 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning (PostC) is known to reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, whether the opening of mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium (mito-KATP) channels and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) cause the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane that remains unknown. We examined the involvement of the mito-KATP channel and the mPTP in the PostC mechanism. Ischemic PostC consisted of three cycles of 15 s reperfusion and 15 s re-ischemia, and was started 30 s after the 7.5 min ischemic load. We recorded N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR)-mediated currents and measured cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, and mitochondrial membrane potentials in mouse hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Both ischemic PostC and the application of a mito-KATP channel opener, diazoxide, reduced NMDAR-mediated currents, and suppressed cytosolic Ca2+ elevations during the early reperfusion period. An mPTP blocker, cyclosporine A, abolished the reducing effect of PostC on NMDAR currents. Furthermore, both ischemic PostC and the application of diazoxide potentiated the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results indicate that ischemic PostC suppresses Ca2+ influx into the cytoplasm by reducing NMDAR-mediated currents through mPTP opening. The present study suggests that depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential by opening of the mito-KATP channel is essential to the mechanism of PostC in neuroprotection against anoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Morisaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Ogawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shohei Yokoyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takanori Furuta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan
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Thévenod F, Lee WK, Garrick MD. Iron and Cadmium Entry Into Renal Mitochondria: Physiological and Toxicological Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:848. [PMID: 32984336 PMCID: PMC7492674 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of body fluid homeostasis is a major renal function, occurring largely through epithelial solute transport in various nephron segments driven by Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Energy demands are greatest in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb where mitochondrial ATP production occurs through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria contain 20-80% of the cell's iron, copper, and manganese that are imported for their redox properties, primarily for electron transport. Redox reactions, however, also lead to reactive, toxic compounds, hence careful control of redox-active metal import into mitochondria is necessary. Current dogma claims the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is freely permeable to metal ions, while the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is selectively permeable. Yet we recently showed iron and manganese import at the OMM involves divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), an H+-coupled metal ion transporter. Thus, iron import is not only regulated by IMM mitoferrins, but also depends on the OMM to intermembrane space H+ gradient. We discuss how these mitochondrial transport processes contribute to renal injury in systemic (e.g., hemochromatosis) and local (e.g., hemoglobinuria) iron overload. Furthermore, the environmental toxicant cadmium selectively damages kidney mitochondria by "ionic mimicry" utilizing iron and calcium transporters, such as OMM DMT1 or IMM calcium uniporter, and by disrupting the electron transport chain. Consequently, unraveling mitochondrial metal ion transport may help develop new strategies to prevent kidney injury induced by metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Thévenod
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Wing-Kee Lee
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Michael D Garrick
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Trauma-Hemorrhage Stimulates Immune Defense, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Pig Liver at 72 h. Shock 2020; 55:630-639. [PMID: 32826806 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hepatic dysfunction frequently occurs after trauma-hemorrhage, resulting in severe pathophysiological responses that include leukocyte shifting and self-mediated mechanisms of cells, such as autophagy and apoptosis. This in vivo study aimed to characterize mitochondrial morphology, leukocyte reaction, and the processes of autophagy and apoptosis after polytrauma hemorrhage (TH) in a long-term, large animal model.Liver tissue was taken from a porcine TH model (hemorrhagic shock, blunt chest trauma, tibia fracture, and liver laceration) with an intensive care unit follow-up of 72 h. The ultrastructural changes of the liver tissue after TH were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The leukocyte phenotypes and autophagy and apoptosis pathways were elucidated by immunohistofluorescence, Western blot, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL).In addition to post-traumatic changes in the mitochondrial morphology, the biomarkers of anti-inflammatory macrophages (CD163) and reparative monocytes (CD11R3 and CD16) were upregulated, while the inducible nitric oxide synthase was downregulated after TH. Furthermore, the autophagy-related protein expressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 were upregulated, whereas the protein expression of P62 was downregulated after TH. Costaining showed that the macrophages were LC3 (or Beclin-1) positive and that CD163 was copositive and upregulated. Apoptosis biomarkers (cleaved-caspase-3/caspase-3 and Bcl-2) increased after TH, which is in line with TUNEL results.In conclusion, the observed findings indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction might be one trigger of hepatic autophagy and apoptosis after TH. These processes occur together with the activation of anti-inflammatory leukocytes in liver tissue. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential therapeutic effects of inhibiting mitochondrial swelling during autophagy or apoptosis.
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Cell organelles as targets of mammalian cadmium toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1017-1049. [PMID: 32206829 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ever increasing environmental presence of cadmium as a consequence of industrial activities is considered a health hazard and is closely linked to deteriorating global health status. General animal and human cadmium exposure ranges from ingestion of foodstuffs sourced from heavily polluted hotspots and cigarette smoke to widespread contamination of air and water, including cadmium-containing microplastics found in household water. Cadmium is promiscuous in its effects and exerts numerous cellular perturbations based on direct interactions with macromolecules and its capacity to mimic or displace essential physiological ions, such as iron and zinc. Cell organelles use lipid membranes to form complex tightly-regulated, compartmentalized networks with specialized functions, which are fundamental to life. Interorganellar communication is crucial for orchestrating correct cell behavior, such as adaptive stress responses, and can be mediated by the release of signaling molecules, exchange of organelle contents, mechanical force generated through organelle shape changes or direct membrane contact sites. In this review, cadmium effects on organellar structure and function will be critically discussed with particular consideration to disruption of organelle physiology in vertebrates.
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LETM1: Essential for Mitochondrial Biology and Cation Homeostasis? Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:648-658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
Significance: In addition to their classical role in cellular ATP production, mitochondria are of key relevance in various (patho)physiological mechanisms including second messenger signaling, neuro-transduction, immune responses and death induction. Recent Advances: Within cells, mitochondria are motile and display temporal changes in internal and external structure ("mitochondrial dynamics"). During the last decade, substantial empirical and in silico evidence was presented demonstrating that mitochondrial dynamics impacts on mitochondrial function and vice versa. Critical Issues: However, a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the bidirectional links between mitochondrial external shape, internal structure and function ("morphofunction") is still lacking. The latter particularly hampers our understanding of the functional properties and behavior of individual mitochondrial within single living cells. Future Directions: In this review we discuss the concept of mitochondrial morphofunction in mammalian cells, primarily using experimental evidence obtained within the last decade. The topic is introduced by briefly presenting the central role of mitochondria in cell physiology and the importance of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) therein. Next, we summarize in detail how mitochondrial (ultra)structure is controlled and discuss empirical evidence regarding the equivalence of mitochondrial (ultra)structure and function. Finally, we provide a brief summary of how mitochondrial morphofunction can be quantified at the level of single cells and mitochondria, how mitochondrial ultrastructure/volume impacts on mitochondrial bioreactions and intramitochondrial protein diffusion, and how mitochondrial morphofunction can be targeted by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elianne P. Bulthuis
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel J.W. Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H.G.M. Willems
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J.H. Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Werner J.H. Koopman, Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen NL-6500 HB, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Tran Q, Shrestha R, Piao L, Park S, Park J, Park J. LETM1 is required for mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular viability (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3367-3375. [PMID: 30896806 PMCID: PMC6471456 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) has been identified as the gene responsible for Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), which is characterized by intellectual disability, epilepsy, growth delay and craniofacial dysgenesis. LETM1 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that encodes a homolog of the yeast protein Mdm38, which is involved in mitochondrial morphology. In the present review, the importance of LETM1 in WHS and its role within the mitochondrion was explored. LETM1 governs the mitochondrion ion channel and is involved in mitochondrial respiration. Recent studies have reported that LETM1 acts as a mitochondrial Ca2+/H+ antiporter. LETM1 has also been identified as a K+/H+ exchanger, and serves a role in Mg2+ homeostasis. The function of LETM1 in mitochondria regulation is regulated by its binding partners, carboxyl-terminal modulator protein and mitochondrial ribosomal protein L36. Therefore, we describe the remarkable role of LETM1 in mitochondrial network physiology and its function in mitochondrion-mediated cell death. In the context of these findings, we suggest that the participation of LETM1 in tumorigenesis through the alteration of cancer metabolism should be investigated. This review provides a comprehensive description of LETM1 function, which is required for mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Quangdon Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Robin Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Longzhen Piao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Mitochondrial morphology and function impaired by dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl Formamide. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:297-305. [PMID: 29770896 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of two non-ionic, non-hydroxyl organic solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethyl formamide (DMF) on the morphology and function of isolated rat hepatic mitochondria were investigated and compared. Mitochondrial ultrastructures impaired by DMSO and DMF were clearly observed by transmission electron microscopy. Spectroscopic and polarographic results demonstrated that organic solvents induced mitochondrial swelling, enhanced the permeation to H+/K+, collapsed the potential inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), and increased the IMM fluidity. Moreover, with organic solvents addition, the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) was broken, accompanied with the release of Cytochrome c, which could activate cell apoptosis signaling pathway. The role of DMSO and DMF in enhancing permeation or transient water pore formation in the mitochondrial phospholipid bilayer might be the main reason for the mitochondrial morphology and function impaired. Mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by the two organic solvents were dose-dependent, but the extents varied. Ethanol (EtOH) showed the highest potential damage on the mitochondrial morphology and functions, followed by DMF and DMSO.
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Orchestration of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Ion Fluxes. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:393-406. [PMID: 29452983 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome can promote the release of IL-1β/IL-18 and initiate pyroptosis. Accordingly, the dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved in a variety of human diseases, including gout, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. NLRP3 can sense a variety of structurally unrelated pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to trigger inflammation, but the unifying mechanism of NLRP3 activation is still poorly understood. Increasing evidence suggests that intracellular ions, such as K+, Ca2+, and Cl-, have a significant role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we review the current knowledge about the role of ionic fluxes in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and discuss how disturbances in intracellular ionic levels orchestrate different signaling events upstream of NLRP3.
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Uncoupled mitochondria quickly shorten along their long axis to form indented spheroids, instead of rings, in a fission-independent manner. Sci Rep 2018; 8:350. [PMID: 29321618 PMCID: PMC5762872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) triggers dramatic structural changes in mitochondria from a tubular to globular shape, referred to as mitochondrial fragmentation; the resulting globular mitochondria are called swelled or ring/doughnut mitochondria. We evaluated the early period of structural changes during the ΔΨm loss-induced transformation after carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine (CCCP) administration using a newly developed correlative microscopic method combined with fluorescence microscopic live imaging and volume electron microscopy. We found that most mitochondria changed from a tubular shape to a globular shape without fusion or fission and typically showed ring shapes within 10 min after CCCP exposure. In contrast, most ring mitochondria did not have a true through hole; rather, they had various indents, and 47% showed stomatocyte shapes with vase-shaped cavities, which is the most stable physical structure without any structural support if the long tubular shape shortens into a sphere. Our results suggested that loss of ΔΨm triggered collapse of mitochondrial structural support mechanisms.
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Fan XY, Yuan L, Wu C, Liu YJ, Jiang FL, Hu YJ, Liu Y. Mitochondrial toxicity of organic arsenicals: membrane permeability transition pore opening and respiratory dysfunction. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 7:191-200. [PMID: 30090574 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00234c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to clarify the mitochondrial toxicity mechanism of the organic arsenical MOPIMP (2-methoxy-4-(((4-(oxoarsanyl) phenyl) imino) methyl) phenol), research was carried out at the sub-cell level based on the previous finding that the compound MOPIMP can damage the mitochondria by triggering a burst of ROS. After investigating its influence on isolated mitochondria in vitro, it was demonstrated that a high dose of MOPIMP with short-term exposure can induce mitochondrial swelling, decrease the membrane potential, enhance the permeability of H+ and K+, and induce membrane lipid peroxidation, indicating that it can result in an MPT process in a ROS-mediated and Ca2+-independent manner. Additionally, MPT was also aggravated as a result of impairment of the membrane integrity and membrane fluidity. In addition, short-term incubation between mitochondria and compound MOPIMP promoted the inhibition of respiratory chain complexes I, II, III and IV, as well as damage to the respiration process, which supported the previous finding about the burst of ROS. On the other hand, after long-term exposure by the organic arsenical MOPIMP, mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction was triggered, which was in accordance with perturbation of the respiratory chain complexes as well as the respiration process. This work systematically sheds light on the mitochondrial toxicity mechanism of the organic arsenical MOPIMP, including induction of the MPT process and inhibition of respiratory metabolism, which provides a potential target for organic arsenicals as anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627 68753465
| | - Lian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627 68753465
| | - Can Wu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541000 , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627 68753465
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627 68753465
| | - Yan-Jun Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hubei Normal University , Huangshi 435002 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627 68753465.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hubei Normal University , Huangshi 435002 , P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430081 , P. R. China
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Dubinin MV, Vedernikov AA, Khoroshavina EI, Smirnova AE, Samartsev VN. A comparative study of potassium ion transport in liver mitochondria of laboratory rats, pigeons (Columba livia) and guineafowl (Numida meleagris). J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093017040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Javadov S, Chapa-Dubocq X, Makarov V. Different approaches to modeling analysis of mitochondrial swelling. Mitochondrion 2017; 38:58-70. [PMID: 28802667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical players involved in both cell life and death through multiple pathways. Structural integrity, metabolism and function of mitochondria are regulated by matrix volume due to physiological changes of ion homeostasis in cellular cytoplasm and mitochondria. Ca2+ and K+ presumably play a critical role in physiological and pathological swelling of mitochondria when increased uptake (influx)/decreased release (efflux) of these ions enhances osmotic pressure accompanied by high water accumulation in the matrix. Changes in the matrix volume in the physiological range have a stimulatory effect on electron transfer chain and oxidative phosphorylation to satisfy metabolic requirements of the cell. However, excessive matrix swelling associated with the sustained opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (PTP) and other PTP-independent mechanisms compromises mitochondrial function and integrity leading to cell death. The mechanisms of transition from reversible (physiological) to irreversible (pathological) swelling of mitochondria remain unknown. Mitochondrial swelling is involved in the pathogenesis of many human diseases such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, modeling analysis of the swelling process is important for understanding the mechanisms of cell dysfunction. This review attempts to describe the role of mitochondrial swelling in cell life and death and the main mechanisms involved in the maintenance of ion homeostasis and swelling. The review also summarizes and discusses different kinetic models and approaches that can be useful for the development of new models for better simulation and prediction of in vivo mitochondrial swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.
| | - Xavier Chapa-Dubocq
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- Department of Physics, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
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Danylovych YV, Chunikhin AY, Danylovych GV, Kolomiets OV. The use of the Petri net method in the simulation modeling of mitochondrial swelling. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2016; 88:66-74. [PMID: 29235789 DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using photon correlation spectroscopy, which allows investigating changes in the hydrodynamic diameter of the particles in suspension, it was shown that ultrahigh concentrations of Ca2+ (over 10 mM) induce swelling of isolated mitochondria. An increase in hydrodynamic diameter was caused by an increase of non-specific mitochondrial membrane permeability to Ca ions, matrix Ca2+ overload, activation of ATP- and Ca2+-sensitive K+-channels, as well as activation of cyclosporin-sensitive permeability transition pore. To formalize the experimental data and to assess conformity of experimental results with theoretical predictions we developed a simulation model using the hybrid functional Petri net method.
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Bernardi P, Rasola A, Forte M, Lippe G. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore: Channel Formation by F-ATP Synthase, Integration in Signal Transduction, and Role in Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1111-55. [PMID: 26269524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a permeability increase of the inner mitochondrial membrane mediated by a channel, the permeability transition pore (PTP). After a brief historical introduction, we cover the key regulatory features of the PTP and provide a critical assessment of putative protein components that have been tested by genetic analysis. The discovery that under conditions of oxidative stress the F-ATP synthases of mammals, yeast, and Drosophila can be turned into Ca(2+)-dependent channels, whose electrophysiological properties match those of the corresponding PTPs, opens new perspectives to the field. We discuss structural and functional features of F-ATP synthases that may provide clues to its transition from an energy-conserving into an energy-dissipating device as well as recent advances on signal transduction to the PTP and on its role in cellular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michael Forte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Closure of mitochondrial potassium channels favors opening of the Tl+-induced permeability transition pore in Ca2+-loaded rat liver mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:243-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Onukwufor JO, Kibenge F, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Modulation of cadmium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and volume changes by temperature in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 158:75-87. [PMID: 25461747 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how temperature modulates cadmium (Cd)-induced mitochondrial bioenergetic disturbances, metal accumulation and volume changes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the first set of experiments, rainbow trout liver mitochondrial function and Cd content were measured in the presence of complex I substrates, malate and glutamate, following exposure to Cd (0-100 μM) at three (5, 13 and 25 °C) temperatures. The second set of experiments assessed the effect of temperature on Cd-induced mitochondrial volume changes, including the underlying mechanisms, at 15 and 25 °C. Although temperature stimulated both state 3 and 4 rates of respiration, the coupling efficiency was reduced at temperature extremes due to greater inhibition of state 3 at low temperature and greater stimulation of state 4 at the high temperature. Cadmium exposure reduced the stimulatory effect of temperature on state 3 respiration but increased that on state 4, consequently exacerbating mitochondrial uncoupling. The interaction of Cd and temperature yielded different responses on thermal sensitivity of state 3 and 4 respiration; the Q10 values for state 3 respiration increased at low temperature (5-13 °C) while those for state 4 increased at high temperature (13-25 °C). Importantly, the mitochondria accumulated more Cd at high temperature suggesting that the observed greater impairment of oxidative phosphorylation with temperature was due, at least in part, to a higher metal burden. Cadmium-induced mitochondrial volume changes were characterized by an early phase of contraction followed by swelling, with temperature changing the kinetics and intensifying the effects. Lastly, using specific modulators of mitochondrial ion channels, we demonstrated that the mitochondrial volume changes were associated with Cd uptake via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) without significant contribution of the permeability transition pore and/or potassium channels. Overall, it appears that high temperature exacerbates Cd-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and volume changes in part by increasing metal uptake through the MCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Onukwufor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Fred Kibenge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3.
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Fehrenbacher JC. Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:471-508. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
The field of mitochondrial ion channels has recently seen substantial progress, including the molecular identification of some of the channels. An integrative approach using genetics, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and cell biology to clarify the roles of these channels has thus become possible. It is by now clear that many of these channels are important for energy supply by the mitochondria and have a major impact on the fate of the entire cell as well. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the electrophysiological properties, molecular identity, and pathophysiological functions of the mitochondrial ion channels studied so far and to highlight possible therapeutic perspectives based on current information.
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Hart L, Rauch A, Carr AM, Vermeesch JR, O’Driscoll M. LETM1 haploinsufficiency causes mitochondrial defects in cells from humans with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome: implications for dissecting the underlying pathomechanisms in this condition. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:535-45. [PMID: 24626991 PMCID: PMC4007405 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.014464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) represents an archetypical example of a contiguous gene deletion disorder - a condition comprising a complex set of developmental phenotypes with a multigenic origin. Epileptic seizures, intellectual disability, growth restriction, motor delay and hypotonia are major co-morbidities in WHS. Haploinsufficiency of LETM1, which encodes a mitochondrial inner-membrane protein functioning in ion transport, has been proposed as an underlying pathomechanism, principally for seizures but also for other core features of WHS, including growth and motor delay. Growing evidence derived from several model organisms suggests that reduced LETM1 expression is associated with some element of mitochondrial dysfunction. Surprisingly, LETM1-dependent mitochondrial functional deficits have not previously been described in cells from individuals with WHS. Here, using a unique panel of WHS-patient-derived cell lines with deletions of differing sizes, incorporating LETM1 or not, we show, for the first time, that LETM1 expression is reduced in mitochondria isolated from WHS-patient cells. Furthermore, we show that this is associated with distinct mitochondrial phenotypes, including altered intracellular [Ca(2+)] levels, dysfunctional mitochondrial transition-pore opening, hyperpolarization and superoxide leakage from resting mitochondria. Interestingly, we find that these phenotypes segregate with seizures in our WHS cohort. Our findings identify novel cellular phenotypes in WHS attributable to a 50% reduction in LETM1 expression level; these phenotypes could underlie and/or contribute to some of the core clinical features of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Hart
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
- DNA Replication and Cell Cycle Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Anita Rauch
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Genetics, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Antony M. Carr
- DNA Replication and Cell Cycle Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Joris R. Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, UZ Leuven, Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark O’Driscoll
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
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Horng T. Calcium signaling and mitochondrial destabilization in the triggering of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:253-61. [PMID: 24646829 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic complex that activates Caspase-1, leading to maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and induction of proinflammatory cell death in sentinel cells of the innate immune system. Diverse stimuli have been shown to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome during infection and metabolic diseases, implicating the pathway in triggering both adaptive and maladaptive inflammation in various clinically important settings. Here I discuss the emerging model that signals associated with mitochondrial destabilization may critically activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Together with studies indicating an important role for Ca2+ signaling, these findings suggest that many stimuli engage Ca2+ signaling as an intermediate step to trigger mitochondrial destabilization, generating the mitochondrion-associated ligands that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Horng
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ullrich V, Schildknecht S. Sensing hypoxia by mitochondria: a unifying hypothesis involving S-nitrosation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:325-38. [PMID: 22793377 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sudden hypoxia requires a rapid response in tissues with high energy demand. Mitochondria are rapid sensors for a lack of oxygen, but no consistent mechanism for the sensing process and the subsequent counter-regulation has been described. RECENT ADVANCES In the present hypothesis review, we suggest an oxygen-sensing mechanism by mitochondria that is initiated at low oxygen tension by electrons from the respiratory chain, leading to the reduction of intracellular nitrite to nitric oxide ((•)NO) that would subsequently compete with oxygen for binding to cytochrome c oxidase. This allows superoxide ((•)O2(-)) formation in hypoxic areas, leading to S-nitrosation and the inhibition of mitochondrial Krebs cycle enzymes. With more formation of (•)O2(-), peroxynitrite is generated and known to damage the connection between the mitochondrial matrix and the outer membrane. CRITICAL ISSUES A fundamental question on a regulatory mechanism is its reversibility. Readmission of oxygen and opening of the mitochondrial KATP-channel would allow electrons from glycerol-3-phosphate to selectively reduce the ubiquinone pool to generate (•)O2(-) at both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. On the cytosolic side, superoxide is dismutated and will support H2O2/Fe(2+)-dependent transcription processes and on the mitochondrial matrix side, it could lead to the one-electron reduction and reactivation of S-nitrosated proteins. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It remains to be elucidated up to which stage the herein proposed silencing of mitochondria remains reversible and when irreversible changes that ultimately lead to classical reperfusion injury are initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Ullrich
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz , Konstanz, Germany
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Slocinska M, Lubawy J, Jarmuszkiewicz W, Rosinski G. Evidences for an ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) in muscle and fat body mitochondria of insect. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:1125-1132. [PMID: 23973818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe the existence of mitochondrial ATP-dependent K(+) channel (mitoKATP) in two different insect tissues, fat body and muscle of cockroach Gromphadorhina coquereliana. We found that pharmacological substances known to modulate potassium channel activity influenced mitochondrial resting respiration. In isolated mitochondria oxygen consumption increased by about 13% in the presence of potassium channel openers (KCOs) such as diazoxide and pinacidil. The opening of mitoKATP was reversed by glibenclamide (potassium channel blocker) and 1 mM ATP. Immunological studies with antibodies raised against the Kir6.1 and SUR1 subunits of the mammalian ATP-sensitive potassium channel, indicated the existence of mitoKATP in insect mitochondria. MitoKATP activation by KCOs resulted in a decrease in superoxide anion production, suggesting that protection against mitochondrial oxidative stress may be a physiological role of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Slocinska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
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40
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Zhang X, Chen G, Lu Y, Liu J, Fang M, Luo J, Cao Q, Wang X. Association of Mitochondrial Letm1 with Epileptic Seizures. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:2533-40. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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41
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Dong JX, Zhao GY, Yu QLY, Li R, Yuan L, Chen J, Liu Y. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by honokiol. J Membr Biol 2013; 246:375-81. [PMID: 23595822 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Honokiol has shown the ability to induce the apoptosis of several different cancer cell lines. Considering that mitochondria are involved in apoptosis, the aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of honokiol on mitochondria. The effects of honokiol on the permeability of H⁺ and K⁺, membrane potential, membrane fluidity, respiration and swelling of mitochondria isolated from the rat liver were assessed. The results show that honokiol can significantly induce mitochondrial swelling, decrease membrane potential and affect the respiration of mitochondria. Meanwhile, honokiol does not have a direct effect on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Dong
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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Nowikovsky K, Pozzan T, Rizzuto R, Scorrano L, Bernardi P. Perspectives on: SGP symposium on mitochondrial physiology and medicine: the pathophysiology of LETM1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 139:445-54. [PMID: 22641639 PMCID: PMC3362517 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Nowikovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Anna Spiegel Center of Translational Research, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria.
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43
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Alavian KN, Dworetzky SI, Bonanni L, Zhang P, Sacchetti S, Mariggio MA, Onofrj M, Thomas A, Li H, Mangold JE, Signore AP, Demarco U, Demady DR, Nabili P, Lazrove E, Smith PJS, Gribkoff VK, Jonas EA. Effects of dexpramipexole on brain mitochondrial conductances and cellular bioenergetic efficiency. Brain Res 2012; 1446:1-11. [PMID: 22364637 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular stress or injury can result in mitochondrial dysfunction, which has been linked to many chronic neurological disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Stressed and dysfunctional mitochondria exhibit an increase in large conductance mitochondrial membrane currents and a decrease in bioenergetic efficiency. Inefficient energy production puts cells, and particularly neurons, at risk of death when energy demands exceed cellular energy production. Here we show that the candidate ALS drug dexpramipexole (DEX; KNS-760704; ((6R)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-N6-propyl-2,6-benzothiazole-diamine) and cyclosporine A (CSA) inhibited increases in ion conductance in whole rat brain-derived mitochondria induced by calcium or treatment with a proteasome inhibitor, although only CSA inhibited calcium-induced permeability transition in liver-derived mitochondria. In several cell lines, including cortical neurons in culture, DEX significantly decreased oxygen consumption while maintaining or increasing production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). DEX also normalized the metabolic profile of injured cells and was protective against the cytotoxic effects of proteasome inhibition. These data indicate that DEX increases the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, possibly by inhibition of a CSA-sensitive mitochondrial conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz N Alavian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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44
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Klein B, Wörndl K, Lütz-Meindl U, Kerschbaum HH. Perturbation of intracellular K(+) homeostasis with valinomycin promotes cell death by mitochondrial swelling and autophagic processes. Apoptosis 2012; 16:1101-17. [PMID: 21877215 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Perturbation of cellular K(+) homeostasis is a common motif in apoptosis but it is unknown whether a decrease in intracellular K(+) alone is sufficient to replicate apoptotic hallmarks. We investigated, which mode of cell death is induced by decreasing the intracellular K(+) concentration using valinomycin, a highly K(+)-selective ionophore. Valinomycin treatment induced mitochondrial swelling and minor nuclear changes in cell lines (BV-2, C6, HEK 293), and in primary mouse microglia and astrocytes. In the microglial cell line BV-2, we identified and quantified three phenotypes in valinomycin-exposed cells. The first and most prevalent phenotype (62 ± 2%) was characterized by swollen mitochondria and no chromatin condensation, and the second (25 ± 3%) by swollen mitochondria and slight chromatin condensation. Only the third phenotype (11 ± 4%) fulfilled criteria of apoptosis by having normal-sized mitochondria and strongly condensed chromatin. Valinomycin-induced swelling of mitochondria was not altered by the adenine nucleotide translocase inhibitor bongkrekic acid (BA), the pan caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK, changing extracellular K(+) or Cl(-) concentrations, or the membrane-permeable Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM. Only co-exposure of cells to valinomycin and the Ca(2+) ionophore ionomycin in high K(+) Cl(-)-free extracellular solution suppressed mitochondrial swelling. Ionomycin alone caused shrinkage of mitochondria. Additionally, valinomycin promoted autophagic processes, which were further enhanced by preincubation with BA or with Z-VAD-FMK. Valinomycin-dependent chromatin condensation was inhibited by BA, Z-VAD-FMK, BAPTA-AM, and ionomycin. Our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial swelling and autophagy are common features of valinomycin-exposed cells. Accordingly, valinomycin promotes an autophagic cell death mode, but not apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Klein
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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45
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Szabò I, Leanza L, Gulbins E, Zoratti M. Physiology of potassium channels in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Pflugers Arch 2011; 463:231-46. [PMID: 22089812 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-1058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inner membrane of the ATP-producing organelles of endosymbiotic origin, mitochondria, has long been considered to be poorly permeable to cations and anions, since the strict control of inner mitochondrial membrane permeability is crucial for efficient ATP synthesis. Over the past 30 years, however, it has become clear that various ion channels--along with antiporters and uniporters--are present in the mitochondrial inner membrane, although at rather low abundance. These channels are important for energy supply, and some are a decisive factor in determining whether a cell lives or dies. Their electrophysiological and pharmacological characterisations have contributed importantly to the ongoing elucidation of their pathophysiological roles. This review gives an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the functions of the mitochondrial potassium channels identified so far. Open issues concerning the possible molecular entities giving rise to the observed activities and channel protein targeting to mitochondria are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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46
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Functional deficits in peripheral nerve mitochondria in rats with paclitaxel- and oxaliplatin-evoked painful peripheral neuropathy. Exp Neurol 2011; 232:154-61. [PMID: 21907196 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapeutics like paclitaxel and oxaliplatin produce a dose-limiting chronic sensory peripheral neuropathy that is often accompanied by neuropathic pain. The cause of the neuropathy and pain is unknown. In animal models, paclitaxel-evoked and oxaliplatin-evoked painful peripheral neuropathies are accompanied by an increase in the incidence of swollen and vacuolated mitochondria in peripheral nerve axons. It has been proposed that mitochondrial swelling and vacuolation are indicative of a functional impairment and that this results in a chronic axonal energy deficiency that is the cause of the neuropathy's symptoms. However, the significance of mitochondrial swelling and vacuolation is ambiguous and a test of the hypothesis requires a direct assessment of the effects of chemotherapy on mitochondrial function. The results of such an assessment are reported here. Mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were measured in rat sciatic nerve samples taken 1-2 days after and 3-4 weeks after induction of painful peripheral neuropathy with paclitaxel and oxaliplatin. Significant deficits in Complex I-mediated and Complex II-mediated respiration and significant deficits in ATP production were found for both drugs at both time points. In addition, prophylactic treatment with acetyl-l-carnitine, which inhibited the development of paclitaxel-evoked and oxaliplatin-evoked neuropathy, prevented the deficits in mitochondrial function. These results implicate mitotoxicity as a possible cause of chemotherapy-evoked chronic sensory peripheral neuropathy.
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47
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Yaniv Y, Juhaszova M, Wang S, Fishbein KW, Zorov DB, Sollott SJ. Analysis of mitochondrial 3D-deformation in cardiomyocytes during active contraction reveals passive structural anisotropy of orthogonal short axes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21985. [PMID: 21779362 PMCID: PMC3136939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton, composed of rigid and elastic elements, maintains the isolated cell in an elongated cylindrical shape with an elliptical cross-section, even during contraction-relaxation cycles. Cardiomyocyte mitochondria are micron-sized, fluid-filled passive spheres distributed throughout the cell in a crystal-like lattice, arranged in pairs sandwiched between the sarcomere contractile machinery, both longitudinally and radially. Their shape represents the extant 3-dimensional (3D) force-balance. We developed a novel method to examine mitochondrial 3D-deformation in response to contraction and relaxation to understand how dynamic forces are balanced inside cardiomyocytes. The variation in transmitted light intensity induced by the periodic lattice of myofilaments alternating with mitochondrial rows can be analyzed by Fourier transformation along a given cardiomyocyte axis to measure mitochondrial deformation along that axis. This technique enables precise detection of changes in dimension of ∼1% in ∼1 µm (long-axis) structures with 8 ms time-resolution. During active contraction (1 Hz stimulation), mitochondria deform along the length- and width-axes of the cell with similar deformation kinetics in both sarcomere and mitochondrial structures. However, significant deformation anisotropy (without hysteresis) was observed between the orthogonal short-axes (i.e., width and depth) of mitochondria during electrical stimulation. The same degree of deformation anisotropy was also found between the myocyte orthogonal short-axes during electrical stimulation. Therefore, the deformation of the mitochondria reflects the overall deformation of the cell, and the apparent stiffness and stress/strain characteristics of the cytoskeleton differ appreciably between the two cardiomyocyte orthogonal short-axes. This method may be applied to obtaining a better understanding of the dynamic force-balance inside cardiomyocytes and of changes in the spatial stiffness characteristics of the cytoskeleton that may accompany aging or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Yaniv
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Magdalena Juhaszova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Su Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Fishbein
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Sollott
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Martínez-Pastor M, Proft M, Pascual-Ahuir A. Adaptive Changes of the Yeast Mitochondrial Proteome in Response to Salt Stress. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2010; 14:541-52. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2010.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Martínez-Pastor
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia, Spain
| | - Markus Proft
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Pascual-Ahuir
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia, Spain
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Fieni F, Parkar A, Misgeld T, Kerschensteiner M, Lichtman JW, Pasinelli P, Trotti D. Voltage-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium conductance in the outer membrane of neuronal mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27411-27417. [PMID: 20551319 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.131243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium fluxes integrate mitochondria into cellular activities, controlling their volume homeostasis and structural integrity in many pathophysiological mechanisms. The outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is thought to play a passive role in this process because K(+) is believed to equilibrate freely between the cytosol and mitochondrial intermembrane space. By patch clamping mitochondria isolated from the central nervous systems of adult mitoCFP transgenic mice, we discovered the existence of I(OMMKi), a novel voltage-dependent inwardly rectifying K(+) conductance located in the OMM. I(OMMKi) is regulated by osmolarity, potentiated by cAMP, and activated at physiological negative potentials, allowing K(+) to enter the mitochondrial intermembrane space in a controlled regulated fashion. The identification of I(OMMKi) in the OMM supports the notion that a membrane potential could exist across this membrane in vivo and suggests that the OMM possesses regulated pathways for K(+) uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fieni
- Department of Neuroscience, Weinberg Unit for ALS Research, and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Anjum Parkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Weinberg Unit for ALS Research, and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Jeff W Lichtman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Piera Pasinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Weinberg Unit for ALS Research, and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Davide Trotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Weinberg Unit for ALS Research, and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
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Contribution of voltage-gated potassium channels to the regulation of apoptosis. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:2049-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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