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Yamada A, Watanabe A, Nara A, Ishimaru N, Maeda K, Ido Y, Kotake K, Asano M, Shinohara Y, Yamamoto T. Longitudinal Analysis of Mitochondrial Function in a Choline-Deficient L-Amino Acid-Defined High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6193. [PMID: 38892381 PMCID: PMC11173319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. Some patients with MAFLD develop metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which can lead to severe liver fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this progression remain unknown, and no effective treatment for MASH has been developed so far. In this study, we performed a longitudinal detailed analysis of mitochondria in the livers of choline-deficient, methionine-defined, high-fat-diet (CDAHFD)-fed mice, which exhibited a MASH-like pathology. We found that FoF1-ATPase activity began to decrease in the mitochondria of CDAHFD-fed mice prior to alterations in the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, almost at the time of onset of liver fibrosis. In addition, the decrease in FoF1-ATPase activity coincided with the accelerated opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), for which FoF1-ATPase might be a major component or regulator. As fibrosis progressed, mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) induced in CDAHFD-fed mice became less sensitive to cyclosporine A, a specific PT inhibitor. These results suggest that episodes of fibrosis might be related to the disruption of mitochondrial function via PTP opening, which is triggered by functional changes in FoF1-ATPase. These novel findings could help elucidate the pathogenesis of MASH and lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nara
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kosuke Maeda
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ido
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Kotake
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masatake Asano
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Takenori Yamamoto
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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Frigo E, Tommasin L, Lippe G, Carraro M, Bernardi P. The Haves and Have-Nots: The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore across Species. Cells 2023; 12:1409. [PMID: 37408243 PMCID: PMC10216546 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The demonstration that F1FO (F)-ATP synthase and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) can form Ca2+-activated, high-conductance channels in the inner membrane of mitochondria from a variety of eukaryotes led to renewed interest in the permeability transition (PT), a permeability increase mediated by the PT pore (PTP). The PT is a Ca2+-dependent permeability increase in the inner mitochondrial membrane whose function and underlying molecular mechanisms have challenged scientists for the last 70 years. Although most of our knowledge about the PTP comes from studies in mammals, recent data obtained in other species highlighted substantial differences that could be perhaps attributed to specific features of F-ATP synthase and/or ANT. Strikingly, the anoxia and salt-tolerant brine shrimp Artemia franciscana does not undergo a PT in spite of its ability to take up and store Ca2+ in mitochondria, and the anoxia-resistant Drosophila melanogaster displays a low-conductance, selective Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release channel rather than a PTP. In mammals, the PT provides a mechanism for the release of cytochrome c and other proapoptotic proteins and mediates various forms of cell death. In this review, we cover the features of the PT (or lack thereof) in mammals, yeast, Drosophila melanogaster, Artemia franciscana and Caenorhabditis elegans, and we discuss the presence of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and of other forms of cell death. We hope that this exercise may help elucidate the function(s) of the PT and its possible role in evolution and inspire further tests to define its molecular nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Frigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Ludovica Tommasin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, I-33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
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Watanabe A, Maeda K, Nara A, Hashida M, Ozono M, Nakao A, Yamada A, Shinohara Y, Yamamoto T. Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and essential MCU regulator (EMRE) in mitochondria from mouse tissues and HeLa cells. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:811-826. [PMID: 35060355 PMCID: PMC8972046 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis plays critical roles in cell survival and aerobic metabolism in eukaryotes. The calcium uniporter is a highly selective calcium ion channel consisting of several subunits. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and essential MCU regulator (EMRE) are core subunits of the calcium uniporter required for calcium uptake activity in the mitochondria. Recent 3D structure analysis of the MCU‐EMRE complex reconstituted in nanodiscs revealed that the human MCU exists as a tetramer forming a channel pore, with EMRE bound to each MCU at a 1 : 1 ratio. However, the stoichiometry of MCU and EMRE in the mitochondria has not yet been investigated. We here quantitatively examined the protein levels of MCU and EMRE in the mitochondria from mouse tissues by using characterized antibodies and standard proteins. Unexpectedly, the number of EMRE molecules was lower than that of MCU; moreover, the ratios between MCU and EMRE were significantly different among tissues. Statistical calculations based on our findings suggest that a MCU tetramer binding to 4 EMREs may exist, but at low levels in the mitochondrial inner membrane. In brain mitochondria, the majority of MCU tetramers bind to 2 EMREs; in mitochondria in liver, kidney, and heart, MCU tetramers bind to 1 EMRE; and in kidney and heart, almost half of MCU tetramers bound to no EMRE. We propose here a novel stoichiometric model of the MCU‐EMRE complex in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Watanabe
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products National Institute of Health Sciences 3‐25‐26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki‐ku, Kawasaki‐shi Kanagawa 210‐9501 Japan
- Institute for Genome Research Tokushima University Kuramotocho‐3 Tokushima 770‐8503 Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokushima University Shomachi‐1 Tokushima 770‐8505 Japan
| | - Kousuke Maeda
- Institute for Genome Research Tokushima University Kuramotocho‐3 Tokushima 770‐8503 Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokushima University Shomachi‐1 Tokushima 770‐8505 Japan
| | - Atsushi Nara
- Institute for Genome Research Tokushima University Kuramotocho‐3 Tokushima 770‐8503 Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokushima University Shomachi‐1 Tokushima 770‐8505 Japan
| | - Mei Hashida
- Institute for Genome Research Tokushima University Kuramotocho‐3 Tokushima 770‐8503 Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokushima University Shomachi‐1 Tokushima 770‐8505 Japan
| | - Mizune Ozono
- Institute for Genome Research Tokushima University Kuramotocho‐3 Tokushima 770‐8503 Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokushima University Shomachi‐1 Tokushima 770‐8505 Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakao
- Institute for Genome Research Tokushima University Kuramotocho‐3 Tokushima 770‐8503 Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokushima University Shomachi‐1 Tokushima 770‐8505 Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- School of Dentistry Nihon University 1‐8‐13, Kanda‐Surugadai, Chiyoda‐ku Tokyo 101‐8310 Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute for Genome Research Tokushima University Kuramotocho‐3 Tokushima 770‐8503 Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokushima University Shomachi‐1 Tokushima 770‐8505 Japan
| | - Takenori Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products National Institute of Health Sciences 3‐25‐26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki‐ku, Kawasaki‐shi Kanagawa 210‐9501 Japan
- Institute for Genome Research Tokushima University Kuramotocho‐3 Tokushima 770‐8503 Japan
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Carrer A, Laquatra C, Tommasin L, Carraro M. Modulation and Pharmacology of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: A Journey from F-ATP Synthase to ANT. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216463. [PMID: 34770872 PMCID: PMC8587538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The permeability transition (PT) is an increased permeation of the inner mitochondrial membrane due to the opening of the PT pore (PTP), a Ca2+-activated high conductance channel involved in Ca2+ homeostasis and cell death. Alterations of the PTP have been associated with many pathological conditions and its targeting represents an incessant challenge in the field. Although the modulation of the PTP has been extensively explored, the lack of a clear picture of its molecular nature increases the degree of complexity for any target-based approach. Recent advances suggest the existence of at least two mitochondrial permeability pathways mediated by the F-ATP synthase and the ANT, although the exact molecular mechanism leading to channel formation remains elusive for both. A full comprehension of this to-pore conversion will help to assist in drug design and to develop pharmacological treatments for a fine-tuned PT regulation. Here, we will focus on regulatory mechanisms that impinge on the PTP and discuss the relevant literature of PTP targeting compounds with particular attention to F-ATP synthase and ANT.
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The Regulation of Non-Specific Membrane Permeability Transition in Yeast Mitochondria under Oxidative Stress. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the mechanism of non-specific membrane permeability (yPTP) in the Endomyces magnusii yeast mitochondria under oxidative stress due to blocking the key antioxidant enzymes has been investigated. We used monitoring the membrane potential at the cellular (potential-dependent staining) and mitochondrial levels and mitochondria ultra-structural images with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to demonstrate the mitochondrial permeability transition induction due to the pore opening. Analysis of the yPTP opening upon respiring different substrates showed that NAD(P)H completely blocked the development of the yPTP. The yPTP opening was inhibited by 5–20 mM Pi, 5 mM Mg2+, adenine nucleotides (AN), 5 mM GSH, the inhibitor of the Pi transporter (PiC), 100 μM mersalyl, the blockers of the adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT) carboxyatractyloside (CATR), and bongkrekic acid (BA). We concluded that the non-specific membrane permeability pore opens in the E. magnusii mitochondria under oxidative stress, and the ANT and PiC are involved in its formation. The crucial role of the Ca2+ ions in the process has not been confirmed. We showed that the Ca2+ ions affected the yPTP both with and without the Ca2+ ionophore ETH129 application insignificantly. This phenomenon in the E. magnusii yeast unites both mitochondrial unselective channel (ScMUC) features in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria and the classical membrane pore in the mammalian ones (mPTP).
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Rodriguez-Armenta C, Reyes-Zamora O, De la Re-Vega E, Sanchez-Paz A, Mendoza-Cano F, Mendez-Romero O, Gonzalez-Rios H, Muhlia-Almazan A. Adaptive mitochondrial response of the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to environmental challenges and pathogens. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:629-644. [PMID: 33895873 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In most eukaryotic organisms, mitochondrial uncoupling mechanisms control ATP synthesis and reactive oxygen species production. One such mechanism is the permeability transition of the mitochondrial inner membrane. In mammals, ischemia-reperfusion events or viral diseases may induce ionic disturbances, such as calcium overload; this cation enters the mitochondria, thereby triggering the permeability transition. This phenomenon increases inner membrane permeability, affects transmembrane potential, promotes mitochondrial swelling, and induces apoptosis. Previous studies have found that the mitochondria of some crustaceans do not exhibit a calcium-regulated permeability transition. However, in the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, contradictory evidence has prevented this phenomenon from being confirmed or rejected. Both the ability of L. vannamei mitochondria to take up large quantities of calcium through a putative mitochondrial calcium uniporter with conserved characteristics and permeability transition were investigated in this study by determining mitochondrial responses to cations overload. By measuring mitochondrial swelling and transmembrane potential, we investigated whether shrimp exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation events or viral diseases may induce mitochondrial permeability transition. The results of this study demonstrate that shrimp mitochondria take up large quantities of calcium through a canonical mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Neither calcium nor other ions were observed to promote permeability transition. This phenomenon does not depend on the life cycle stage of shrimp, and it is not induced during hypoxia/reoxygenation events or in the presence of viral diseases. The absence of the permeability transition phenomenon and its adaptive meaning are discussed as a loss with biological advantages, possibly enabling organisms to survive under harsh environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystian Rodriguez-Armenta
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Orlando Reyes-Zamora
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Enrique De la Re-Vega
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, Universidad de Sonora (DICTUS), 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Arturo Sanchez-Paz
- Laboratorio de Virologia. Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste S.C. (CIBNOR), Calle Hermosa 101, Col. Los Angeles, 83106, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Fernando Mendoza-Cano
- Laboratorio de Virologia. Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste S.C. (CIBNOR), Calle Hermosa 101, Col. Los Angeles, 83106, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Mendez-Romero
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Humberto Gonzalez-Rios
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Adriana Muhlia-Almazan
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Polčic P, Machala Z. Effects of Non-Thermal Plasma on Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052247. [PMID: 33668158 PMCID: PMC7956799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold plasmas generated by various electrical discharges can affect cell physiology or induce cell damage that may often result in the loss of viability. Many cold plasma-based technologies have emerged in recent years that are aimed at manipulating the cells within various environments or tissues. These include inactivation of microorganisms for the purpose of sterilization, food processing, induction of seeds germination, but also the treatment of cells in the therapy. Mechanisms that underlie the plasma-cell interactions are, however, still poorly understood. Dissection of cellular pathways or structures affected by plasma using simple eukaryotic models is therefore desirable. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a traditional model organism with unprecedented impact on our knowledge of processes in eukaryotic cells. As such, it had been also employed in studies of plasma-cell interactions. This review focuses on the effects of cold plasma on yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Polčic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-60296-398
| | - Zdenko Machala
- Division of Environmental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Koushi M, Asakai R. Bisindolylpyrrole Induces a Cpr3- and Porin1/2-Dependent Transition in Yeast Mitochondrial Permeability in a Low Conductance State via the AACs-Associated Pore. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031212. [PMID: 33530556 PMCID: PMC7865566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) is presumably formed by either ATP synthase or the ATP/ADP carrier (AAC), little is known about their differential roles in PTP activation. We explored the role of AAC and ATP synthase in PTP formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using bisindolylpyrrole (BP), an activator of the mammalian PTP. The yeast mitochondrial membrane potential, as indicated by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester signals, dissipated over 2–4 h after treatment of cells with 5 μM BP, which was sensitive to cyclosporin A (CsA) and Cpr3 deficiency and blocked by porin1/2 deficiency. The BP-induced depolarization was inhibited by a specific AAC inhibitor, bongkrekate, and consistently blocked in a yeast strain lacking all three AACs, while it was not affected in the strain with defective ATP synthase dimerization, suggesting the involvement of an AAC-associated pore. Upon BP treatment, isolated yeast mitochondria underwent CsA- and bongkrekate-sensitive depolarization without affecting the mitochondrial calcein signals, indicating the induction of a low conductance channel. These data suggest that, upon BP treatment, yeast can form a porin1/2- and Cpr3-regulated PTP, which is mediated by AACs but not by ATP synthase dimers. This implies that yeast may be an excellent tool for the screening of PTP modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rei Asakai
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-475-53-4588; Fax: +81-475-53-4556
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Pellegrino-Coppola D. Regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its effects on aging. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2020; 7:222-233. [PMID: 32904375 PMCID: PMC7453641 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.09.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an evolutionarily conserved process and is tightly connected to mitochondria. To uncover the aging molecular mechanisms related to mitochondria, different organisms have been extensively used as model systems. Among these, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been reported multiple times as a model of choice when studying cellular aging. In particular, yeast provides a quick and trustworthy system to identify shared aging genes and pathway patterns. In this viewpoint on aging and mitochondria, I will focus on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which has been reported and proposed as a main player in cellular aging. I will make several parallelisms with yeast to highlight how this unicellular organism can be used as a guidance system to understand conserved cellular and molecular events in multicellular organisms such as humans. Overall, a thread connecting the preservation of mitochondrial functionality with the activity of the mPTP emerges in the regulation of cell survival and cell death, which in turn could potentially affect aging and aging-related diseases.
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Yamamoto T, Ozono M, Watanabe A, Maeda K, Nara A, Hashida M, Ido Y, Hiroshima Y, Yamada A, Terada H, Shinohara Y. Functional analysis of coiled-coil domains of MCU in mitochondrial calcium uptake. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:148061. [PMID: 31394096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex is a highly-selective calcium channel. This complex consists of MCU, mitochondrial calcium uptake proteins (MICUs), MCU regulator 1 (MCUR1), essential MCU regulator element (EMRE), etc. MCU, which is the pore-forming subunit, has 2 highly conserved coiled-coil domains (CC1 and CC2); however, their functional roles are unknown. The yeast expression system of mammalian MCU and EMRE enables precise reconstitution of the properties of the mammalian MCU complex in yeast mitochondria. Using the yeast expression system, we here showed that, when MCU mutant lacking CC1 or CC2 was expressed together with EMRE in yeast, their mitochondrial Ca2+-uptake function was lost. Additionally, point mutations in CC1 or CC2, which were expected to prevent the formation of the coiled coil, also disrupted the Ca2+-uptake function. Thus, it is essential for the Ca2+ uptake function of MCU that the coiled-coil structure be formed in CC1 and CC2. The loss of function of those mutated MCUs was also observed in the mitochondria of a yeast strain lacking the yeast MCUR1 homolog. Also, in the D. discoideum MCU, which has EMRE-independent Ca2+-uptake function, the deletion of either CC1 or CC2 caused the loss of function. These results indicated that the critical functions of CC1 and CC2 were independent of other regulatory subunits such as MCUR1 and EMRE, suggesting that CC1 and CC2 might be essential for pore formation by MCUs themselves. Based on the tetrameric structure of MCU, we discussed the functional roles of the coiled-coil domains of MCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Yamamoto
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Mizune Ozono
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kosuke Maeda
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nara
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Mei Hashida
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ido
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yuka Hiroshima
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- School of Dentistry, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Terada
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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11
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Parks RJ, Menazza S, Holmström KM, Amanakis G, Fergusson M, Ma H, Aponte AM, Bernardi P, Finkel T, Murphy E. Cyclophilin D-mediated regulation of the permeability transition pore is altered in mice lacking the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:385-394. [PMID: 30165576 PMCID: PMC6657279 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Knockout (KO) of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) in mice abrogates mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and permeability transition pore (PTP) opening. However, hearts from global MCU-KO mice are not protected from ischaemic injury. We aimed to investigate whether adaptive alterations occur in cell death signalling pathways in the hearts of global MCU-KO mice. Methods and results First, we examined whether cell death may occur via an upregulation in necroptosis in MCU-KO mice. However, our results show that neither RIP1 inhibition nor RIP3 knockout afford protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in MCU-KO as in wildtype (WT) hearts, indicating that the lack of protection cannot be explained by upregulation of necroptosis. Instead, we have identified alterations in cyclophilin D (CypD) signalling in MCU-KO hearts. In the presence of a calcium ionophore, MCU-KO mitochondria take up calcium and do undergo PTP opening. Furthermore, PTP opening in MCU-KO mitochondria has a lower calcium retention capacity (CRC), suggesting that the calcium sensitivity of PTP is higher. Phosphoproteomics identified an increase in phosphorylation of CypD-S42 in MCU-KO. We investigated the interaction of CypD with the putative PTP component ATP synthase and identified an approximately 50% increase in this interaction in MCU-KO cardiac mitochondria. Mutation of the novel CypD phosphorylation site S42 to a phosphomimic reduced CRC, increased CypD-ATP synthase interaction by approximately 50%, and increased cell death in comparison to a phospho-resistant mutant. Conclusion Taken together these data suggest that MCU-KO mitochondria exhibit an increase in phosphorylation of CypD-S42 which decreases PTP calcium sensitivity thus allowing activation of PTP in the absence of an MCU-mediated increase in matrix calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi J Parks
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, 10 Center Drive Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Menazza
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, 10 Center Drive Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Georgios Amanakis
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, 10 Center Drive Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Fergusson
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, 10 Center Drive Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanley Ma
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, 10 Center Drive Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, 10 Center Drive Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Galber C, Valente G, von Stockum S, Giorgio V. Purification of Functional F-ATP Synthase from Blue Native PAGE. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1925:233-243. [PMID: 30674031 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9018-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of Ca2+, F-ATP synthase preparations eluted from Blue Native gels generate electrophysiological currents that are typical of an inner mitochondrial membrane mega-channel, the permeability transition pore. Here we describe an experimental protocol for purification of F-ATP synthase that allows to maintain the enzyme assembly and activity that are essential for catalysis and channel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR and University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Valente
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR and University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sophia von Stockum
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, IRCCS, Venezia, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR and University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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13
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De Col V, Petrussa E, Casolo V, Braidot E, Lippe G, Filippi A, Peresson C, Patui S, Bertolini A, Giorgio V, Checchetto V, Vianello A, Bernardi P, Zancani M. Properties of the Permeability Transition of Pea Stem Mitochondria. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1626. [PMID: 30524297 PMCID: PMC6262314 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In striking analogy with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, etiolated pea stem mitochondria did not show appreciable Ca2+ uptake. Only treatment with the ionophore ETH129 (which allows electrophoretic Ca2+ equilibration) caused Ca2+ uptake followed by increased inner membrane permeability, membrane depolarization and Ca2+ release. Like the permeability transition (PT) of mammals, yeast and Drosophila, the PT of pea stem mitochondria was stimulated by diamide and phenylarsine oxide and inhibited by Mg-ADP and Mg-ATP, suggesting a common underlying mechanism; yet, the plant PT also displayed distinctive features: (i) as in mammals it was desensitized by cyclosporin A, which does not affect the PT of yeast and Drosophila; (ii) similarly to S. cerevisiae and Drosophila it was inhibited by Pi, which stimulates the PT of mammals; (iii) like in mammals and Drosophila it was sensitized by benzodiazepine 423, which is ineffective in S. cerevisiae; (iv) like what observed in Drosophila it did not mediate swelling and cytochrome c release, which is instead seen in mammals and S. cerevisiae. We find that cyclophilin D, the mitochondrial receptor for cyclosporin A, is present in pea stem mitochondria. These results indicate that the plant PT has unique features and suggest that, as in Drosophila, it may provide pea stem mitochondria with a Ca2+ release channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina De Col
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Petrussa
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Valentino Casolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Braidot
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Peresson
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sonia Patui
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Bertolini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova and CNR Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Vianello
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova and CNR Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Zancani
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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14
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Kamei Y, Koushi M, Aoyama Y, Asakai R. The yeast mitochondrial permeability transition is regulated by reactive oxygen species, endogenous Ca 2+ and Cpr3, mediating cell death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:1313-1326. [PMID: 30031690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the properties of the permeability transition pore (PTP) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in agar-embedded mitochondria (AEM) and agar-embedded cells (AEC) and its role in yeast death. In AEM, ethanol-induced pore opening, as indicated by the release of calcein and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, can be inhibited by CsA, by Cpr3 deficiency, and by the antioxidant glutathione. Notably, the pore opening is inhibited, when mitochondria are preloaded by EGTA or Fluo3 to chelate matrix Ca2+, or are pretreated with 4-Br A23187 to extract matrix Ca2+, prior to agar-embedding, or when pore opening is induced in the presence of EGTA; opened pores are re-closed by sequential treatment with CsA, 4-Br A23187 plus EGTA and NADH, indicating endogenous matrix Ca2+ involvement. CsA also inhibits the pore opening with low conductance triggered by exogenous Ca2+ transport with ETH129. In AEC, the treatment of tert-butylhydroperoxide, a pro-oxidant that triggers transient pore opening in high conductance in AEM, induces yeast death, which is also dependent on CsA and Cpr3. Furthermore, AEMs from mutants lacking three ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) isoforms and with defective ATP synthase dimerization exhibit high and low conductance pore openings with CsA sensitivity, respectively. Collectively, these data show that the yeast PTP is regulated by Cpr3, endogenous matrix Ca2+, and reactive oxygen species, and that it is involved in yeast death; furthermore, ATP synthase dimers play a key role in CsA-sensitive pore formation, while AACs are dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Kamei
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan
| | - Masami Koushi
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunori Aoyama
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan
| | - Rei Asakai
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan.
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15
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Niedzwiecka K, Tisi R, Penna S, Lichocka M, Plochocka D, Kucharczyk R. Two mutations in mitochondrial ATP6 gene of ATP synthase, related to human cancer, affect ROS, calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial permeability transition in yeast. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1865:117-131. [PMID: 28986220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in cancer process is still unknown. Since the mutagenesis of mitochondrial genome in mammals is not possible yet, we have exploited budding yeast S. cerevisiae as a model to study the effects of tumor-associated mutations in the mitochondrial MTATP6 gene, encoding subunit 6 of ATP synthase, on the energy metabolism. We previously reported that four mutations in this gene have a limited impact on the production of cellular energy. Here we show that two mutations, Atp6-P163S and Atp6-K90E (human MTATP6-P136S and MTATP6-K64E, found in prostate and thyroid cancer samples, respectively), increase sensitivity of yeast cells both to compounds inducing oxidative stress and to high concentrations of calcium ions in the medium, when Om45p, the component of porin complex in outer mitochondrial membrane (OM), was fused to GFP. In OM45-GFP background, these mutations affect the activation of yeast permeability transition pore (yPTP, also called YMUC, yeast mitochondrial unspecific channel) upon calcium induction. Moreover, we show that calcium addition to isolated mitochondria heavily induced the formation of ATP synthase dimers and oligomers, recently proposed to form the core of PTP, which was slower in the mutants. We show the genetic evidence for involvement of mitochondrial ATP synthase in calcium homeostasis and permeability transition in yeast. This paper is a first to show, although in yeast model organism, that mitochondrial ATP synthase mutations, which accumulate during carcinogenesis process, may be significant for cancer cell escape from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Niedzwiecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Tisi
- Dept. Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Penna
- Dept. Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Lichocka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Plochocka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Gutiérrez-Aguilar M. Commentary: Synthetic Ubiquinones Specifically Bind to Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 (VDAC1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitochondria. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:16. [PMID: 28393069 PMCID: PMC5364134 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Herrera-Cruz MS, Simmen T. Of yeast, mice and men: MAMs come in two flavors. Biol Direct 2017; 12:3. [PMID: 28122638 PMCID: PMC5267431 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-017-0174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen dramatic progress in our understanding of membrane contact sites (MCS). Important examples of these are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites. ER-mitochondria contacts have originally been discovered in mammalian tissue, where they have been designated as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). It is also in this model system, where the first critical MAM proteins have been identified, including MAM tethering regulators such as phospho-furin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2) and mitofusin-2. However, the past decade has seen the discovery of the MAM also in the powerful yeast model system Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This has led to the discovery of novel MAM tethers such as the yeast ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES), absent in the mammalian system, but whose regulators Gem1 and Lam6 are conserved. While MAMs, sometimes referred to as mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs), regulate lipid metabolism, Ca2+ signaling, bioenergetics, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis, not all of these functions exist in both systems or operate differently. This biological difference has led to puzzling discrepancies on findings obtained in yeast or mammalian cells at the moment. Our review aims to shed some light onto mechanistic differences between yeast and mammalian MAM and their underlying causes. Reviewers: This article was reviewed by Paola Pizzo (nominated by Luca Pellegrini), Maya Schuldiner and György Szabadkai (nominated by Luca Pellegrini).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sol Herrera-Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2H7, Canada.
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18
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Murai M, Okuda A, Yamamoto T, Shinohara Y, Miyoshi H. Synthetic Ubiquinones Specifically Bind to Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 (VDAC1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitochondria. Biochemistry 2017; 56:570-581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Murai
- Division
of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okuda
- Division
of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takenori Yamamoto
- Institute
for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute
for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyoshi
- Division
of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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19
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Decatamariic acid, a new mitochondrial respiration inhibitor discovered by pesticidal screening using drug-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 70:395-399. [PMID: 28096549 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new decalin, decatamariic acid, was isolated from a cultured broth of the fungus Aspergillus tamarii FKI-6817. Its absolute configuration was elucidated by NMR and electronic circular dichroism. Decatamariic acid (10 μM) elicited ~50% inhibition of the ATP production in mitochondria isolated from wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae without affecting the activities of respiratory enzymes. The action manner of this compound may be interesting as a possible seed for new pesticides.
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20
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Yamagoshi R, Yamamoto T, Hashimoto M, Sugahara R, Shiotsuki T, Miyoshi H, Terada H, Shinohara Y. Identification of amino acid residues of mammalian mitochondrial phosphate carrier important for its functional expression in yeast cells, as achieved by PCR-mediated random mutation and gap-repair cloning. Mitochondrion 2016; 32:1-9. [PMID: 27836624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial phosphate carrier (PiC) of mammals, but not the yeast one, is synthesized with a presequence. The deletion of this presequence of the mammalian PiC was reported to facilitate the import of the carrier into yeast mitochondria, but the question as to whether or not mammalian PiC could be functionally expressed in yeast mitochondria was not addressed. In the present study, we first examined whether the defective growth on a glycerol plate of yeast cells lacking the yeast PiC gene could be reversed by the introduction of expression vectors of rat PiCs. The introduction of expression vectors encoding full-length rat PiC (rPiC) or rPiC lacking the presequence (ΔNrPiC) was ineffective in restoring growth on the glycerol plates. When we examined the expression levels of individual rPiCs in yeast mitochondria, ΔNrPiC was expressed at a level similar to that of yeast PiC, but that of rPiC was very low. These results indicated that ΔNrPiC expressed in yeast mitochondria is inert. Next, we sought to isolate "revertants" viable on the glycerol plate by expressing randomly mutated ΔNrPiC, and obtained two clones. These clones carried either of two mutations, F267S or F282S; and these mutations restored the transport function of ΔNrPiC in yeast mitochondria. These two Phe residues were conserved in human carrier (hPiC), and the transport function of ΔNhPiC expressed in yeast mitochondria was also markedly improved by their substitutions. Thus, substitution of F267S or F282S was concluded to be important for functional expression of mammalian PiCs in yeast mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Yamagoshi
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Takenori Yamamoto
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Matsuyama University, Bunkyocho-4, Matsuyama 790-8578, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sugahara
- Insect Growth Regulation Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shiotsuki
- Insect Growth Regulation Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyoshi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Terada
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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21
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Biasutto L, Azzolini M, Szabò I, Zoratti M. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore in AD 2016: An update. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1863:2515-30. [PMID: 26902508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30years the mitochondrial permeability transition - the permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane due to the opening of a wide pore - has progressed from being considered a curious artifact induced in isolated mitochondria by Ca(2+) and phosphate to a key cell-death-inducing process in several major pathologies. Its relevance is by now universally acknowledged and a pharmacology targeting the phenomenon is being developed. The molecular nature of the pore remains to this day uncertain, but progress has recently been made with the identification of the FOF1 ATP synthase as the probable proteic substrate. Researchers sharing this conviction are however divided into two camps: these believing that only the ATP synthase dimers or oligomers can form the pore, presumably in the contact region between monomers, and those who consider that the ring-forming c subunits in the FO sector actually constitute the walls of the pore. The latest development is the emergence of a new candidate: Spastic Paraplegia 7 (SPG7), a mitochondrial AAA-type membrane protease which forms a 6-stave barrel. This review summarizes recent developments of research on the pathophysiological relevance and on the molecular nature of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Channels edited by Pierre Sonveaux, Pierre Maechler and Jean-Claude Martinou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Azzolini
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; University of Padova, Department of Biology, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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22
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Trindade D, Pereira C, Chaves SR, Manon S, Côrte-Real M, Sousa MJ. VDAC regulates AAC-mediated apoptosis and cytochrome c release in yeast. MICROBIAL CELL 2016; 3:500-510. [PMID: 28357318 PMCID: PMC5348984 DOI: 10.15698/mic2016.10.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization is a key event in apoptosis
processes leading to the release of lethal factors. We have previously shown
that absence of the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) proteins (yeast orthologues of
mammalian ANT proteins) increased the resistance of yeast cells to acetic acid,
preventing MOMP and the release of cytochrome c from
mitochondria during acetic acid - induced apoptosis. On the other hand, deletion
of POR1 (yeast voltage-dependent anion channel - VDAC)
increased the sensitivity of yeast cells to acetic acid. In the present work, we
aimed to further characterize the role of yeast VDAC in acetic acid - induced
apoptosis and assess if it functionally interacts with AAC proteins. We found
that the sensitivity to acetic acid resulting from POR1
deletion is completely abrogated by the absence of AAC proteins, and propose
that Por1p acts as a negative regulator of acetic acid - induced cell death by a
mechanism dependent of AAC proteins, by acting on AAC - dependent cytochrome
c release. Moreover, we show that Por1p has a role in
mitochondrial fusion that, contrary to its role in apoptosis, is not affected by
the absence of AAC, and demonstrate that mitochondrial network fragmentation is
not sufficient to induce release of cytochrome c or sensitivity
to acetic acid - induced apoptosis. This work enhances our understanding on
cytochrome c release during cell death, which may be relevant
in pathological scenarios where MOMP is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dário Trindade
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. ; Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095 CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, 1 Rue de Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Clara Pereira
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal. ; IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Susana R Chaves
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095 CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, 1 Rue de Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Manuela Côrte-Real
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria J Sousa
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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23
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Takagi K, Ohgita T, Yamamoto T, Shinohara Y, Kogure K. Transmission of External Environmental pH Information to the Inside of Liposomes via Pore-Forming Proteins Embedded within the Liposomal Membrane. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:432-8. [PMID: 27150475 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are closed-membrane vesicles comprised of lipid bilayers, in which the inside of the vesicles is isolated from the external environment. Liposomes are therefore often used as models for biomembranes and as drug delivery carriers. However, materials encapsulated within liposomes often cannot respond to changes in the external environment. The ability of enclosed materials to maintain their responsiveness to changes in the external environment following encapsulation into liposomes would greatly expand the applicability of such systems. We hypothesize that embedding pore-like "access points" into the liposomal membrane could allow for the transmission of information between the internal and external liposomal environments and thus overcome this inherent limitation of conventional liposomes. To investigate this, we evaluated whether a change in the pH of an external solution could be transmitted to the inside of liposomes through the pore-forming protein, yeast voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). Transmission of a pH change via VDAC was evaluated using a polyglutamic acid/doxorubicin complex (PGA/Dox) as an internal pH sensor. Upon encapsulation into conventional liposomes, PGA/Dox exhibits no pH sensitivity due to isolation from the external environment. On the other hand, PGA/Dox was found to retain its pH sensitivity upon encapsulation into VDAC-reconstituted liposomes, suggesting that VDAC facilitated the transmission of information on the pH of the external environment to the inside of the liposomes. In conclusion, we successfully demonstrated the transmission of information between the external and internal liposomal environments by a stable pore-like structure embedded into the liposomal membranes, which serve as access points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Takagi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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Analysis of the structure and function of EMRE in a yeast expression system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:831-9. [PMID: 27001609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex is a highly-selective calcium channel, and this complex is believed to consist of a pore-forming subunit, MCU, and its regulatory subunits. As yeast cells lack orthologues of the mammalian proteins, the yeast expression system for the mammalian calcium uniporter subunits is useful for investigating their functions. We here established a yeast expression system for the native-form mouse MCU and 4 other subunits. This expression system enabled us to precisely reconstitute the properties of the mammalian MCU complex in yeast mitochondria. Using this expression system, we analyzed the essential MCU regulator (EMRE), which is a key subunit for Ca(2+) uptake but whose functions and structure remain unclear. The topology of EMRE was revealed: its N- and C-termini projected into the matrix and the inter membrane space, respectively. The expression of EMRE alone was insufficient for Ca(2+) uptake; and co-expression of MCU with EMRE was necessary. EMRE was independent of the protein levels of other subunits, indicating that EMRE was not a protein-stabilizing factor. Deletion of acidic amino acids conserved in EMRE did not significantly affect Ca(2+) uptake; thus, EMRE did not have basic properties of ion channels such as ion-selectivity filtration and ion concentration. Meanwhile, EMRE closely interacted with the MCU on both sides of the inner membrane, and this interaction was essential for Ca(2+) uptake. This close interaction suggested that EMRE might be a structural factor for opening of the MCU-forming pore.
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Carraro M, Bernardi P. Calcium and reactive oxygen species in regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition and of programmed cell death in yeast. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:102-7. [PMID: 26995056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-dependent programmed cell death (PCD) in yeast shares many features with the intrinsic apoptotic pathway of mammals. With many stimuli, increased cytosolic [Ca(2+)] and ROS generation are the triggering signals that lead to mitochondrial permeabilization and release of proapoptotic factors, which initiates yeast PCD. While in mammals the permeability transition pore (PTP), a high-conductance inner membrane channel activated by increased matrix Ca(2+) and oxidative stress, is recognized as part of this signaling cascade, whether a similar process occurs in yeast is still debated. The potential role of the PTP in yeast PCD has generally been overlooked because yeast mitochondria lack the Ca(2+) uniporter, which in mammals allows rapid equilibration of cytosolic Ca(2+) with the matrix. In this short review we discuss the nature of the yeast permeability transition and reevaluate its potential role in the effector phase of yeast PCD triggered by Ca(2+) and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Italy.
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26
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Cabrera-Orefice A, Ibarra-García-Padilla R, Maldonado-Guzmán R, Guerrero-Castillo S, Luévano-Martínez LA, Pérez-Vázquez V, Gutiérrez-Aguilar M, Uribe-Carvajal S. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial unselective channel behaves as a physiological uncoupling system regulated by Ca2+, Mg2+, phosphate and ATP. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:477-91. [PMID: 26530988 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is proposed that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Mitochondrial Unselective Channel ((Sc)MUC) is tightly regulated constituting a physiological uncoupling system that prevents overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mg(2+), Ca(2+) or phosphate (Pi) close (Sc)MUC, while ATP or a high rate of oxygen consumption open it. We assessed (Sc)MUC activity by measuring in isolated mitochondria the respiratory control, transmembrane potential (ΔΨ), swelling and production of ROS. At increasing [Pi], less [Ca(2+)] and/or [Mg(2+)] were needed to close (Sc)MUC or increase ATP synthesis. The Ca(2+)-mediated closure of (Sc)MUC was prevented by high [ATP] while the Mg(2+) or Pi effect was not. When Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) were alternatively added or chelated, (Sc)MUC opened and closed reversibly. Different effects of Ca(2+) vs Mg(2+) effects were probably due to mitochondrial Mg(2+) uptake. Our results suggest that (Sc)MUC activity is dynamically controlled by both the ATP/Pi ratio and divalent cation fluctuations. It is proposed that the reversible opening/closing of (Sc)MUC leads to physiological uncoupling and a consequent decrease in ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Ibarra-García-Padilla
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Maldonado-Guzmán
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Luis A Luévano-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Salvador Uribe-Carvajal
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Salvador Uribe-Carvajal, Department of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Apdo. postal 70-242, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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27
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Bernardi P, Rasola A, Forte M, Lippe G. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore: Channel Formation by F-ATP Synthase, Integration in Signal Transduction, and Role in Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1111-55. [PMID: 26269524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a permeability increase of the inner mitochondrial membrane mediated by a channel, the permeability transition pore (PTP). After a brief historical introduction, we cover the key regulatory features of the PTP and provide a critical assessment of putative protein components that have been tested by genetic analysis. The discovery that under conditions of oxidative stress the F-ATP synthases of mammals, yeast, and Drosophila can be turned into Ca(2+)-dependent channels, whose electrophysiological properties match those of the corresponding PTPs, opens new perspectives to the field. We discuss structural and functional features of F-ATP synthases that may provide clues to its transition from an energy-conserving into an energy-dissipating device as well as recent advances on signal transduction to the PTP and on its role in cellular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michael Forte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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28
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Bernardi P, Di Lisa F, Fogolari F, Lippe G. From ATP to PTP and Back: A Dual Function for the Mitochondrial ATP Synthase. Circ Res 2015; 116:1850-62. [PMID: 25999424 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria not only play a fundamental role in heart physiology but are also key effectors of dysfunction and death. This dual role assumes a new meaning after recent advances on the nature and regulation of the permeability transition pore, an inner membrane channel whose opening requires matrix Ca(2+) and is modulated by many effectors including reactive oxygen species, matrix cyclophilin D, Pi (inorganic phosphate), and matrix pH. The recent demonstration that the F-ATP synthase can reversibly undergo a Ca(2+)-dependent transition to form a channel that mediates the permeability transition opens new perspectives to the field. These findings demand a reassessment of the modifications of F-ATP synthase that take place in the heart under pathological conditions and of their potential role in determining the transition of F-ATP synthase from and energy-conserving into an energy-dissipating device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (P.B., F.D.L.); and Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (F.F) and Department of Food Science (G.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (P.B., F.D.L.); and Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (F.F) and Department of Food Science (G.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Fogolari
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (P.B., F.D.L.); and Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (F.F) and Department of Food Science (G.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (P.B., F.D.L.); and Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (F.F) and Department of Food Science (G.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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29
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Gutiérrez-Aguilar M, Uribe-Carvajal S. The mitochondrial unselective channel in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mitochondrion 2015; 22:85-90. [PMID: 25889953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore mediates the increase in the unselective permeability to ions and small molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane. MPT results from the opening of channels of unknown identity in mitochondria from plants, animals and yeast. However, the effectors and conditions required for MPT to occur in different species are remarkably disparate. Here we critically review previous and recent findings concerning the mitochondrial unselective channel of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine if it can be considered a counterpart of the mammalian MPT pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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30
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Gutiérrez-Aguilar M, López-Carbajal HM, Uribe-Alvarez C, Espinoza-Simón E, Rosas-Lemus M, Chiquete-Félix N, Uribe-Carvajal S. Effects of ubiquinone derivatives on the mitochondrial unselective channel of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 46:519-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Deryabina Y, Isakova E, Sekova V, Antipov A, Saris NEL. Inhibition of free radical scavenging enzymes affects mitochondrial membrane permeability transition during growth and aging of yeast cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 46:479-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Yamamoto T, Ito M, Kageyama K, Kuwahara K, Yamashita K, Takiguchi Y, Kitamura S, Terada H, Shinohara Y. Mastoparan peptide causes mitochondrial permeability transition not by interacting with specific membrane proteins but by interacting with the phospholipid phase. FEBS J 2014; 281:3933-44. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Yamamoto
- Institute for Genome Research; University of Tokushima; Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tokushima; Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Institute for Genome Research; University of Tokushima; Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tokushima; Japan
| | - Keita Kageyama
- Institute for Genome Research; University of Tokushima; Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tokushima; Japan
| | - Kana Kuwahara
- Institute for Genome Research; University of Tokushima; Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tokushima; Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Terada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences; Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute for Genome Research; University of Tokushima; Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tokushima; Japan
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33
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Bradshaw PC, Pfeiffer DR. Characterization of the respiration-induced yeast mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Yeast 2014; 30:471-83. [PMID: 24166770 DOI: 10.1002/yea.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
When isolated mitochondria from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidize respiratory substrates in the absence of phosphate and ADP, the yeast mitochondrial unselective channel, also called the yeast permeability transition pore (yPTP), opens in the inner membrane, dissipating the electrochemical gradient. ATP also induces yPTP opening. yPTP opening allows mannitol transport into isolated mitochondria of laboratory yeast strains, but mannitol is not readily permeable through the yPTP in an industrial yeast strain, Yeast Foam. The presence of oligomycin, an inhibitor of ATP synthase, allowed for respiration-induced mannitol permeability in mitochondria from this strain. Potassium (K+) had varied effects on the respiration-induced yPTP, depending on the concentration of the respiratory substrate added. At low respiratory substrate concentrations K+ inhibited respiration-induced yPTP opening, while at high substrate concentrations this effect diminished. However, at the high respiratory substrate concentrations, the presence of K+ partially prevented phosphate inhibition of yPTP opening. Phosphate was found to inhibit respiration-induced yPTP opening by binding a site on the matrix space side of the inner membrane in addition to its known inhibitory effect of donating protons to the matrix space to prevent the pH change necessary for yPTP opening. The respiration-induced yPTP was also inhibited by NAD, Mg2+, NH4 + or the oxyanion vanadate polymerized to decavanadate. The results demonstrate similar effectors of the respiration-induced yPTP as those previously described for the ATP-induced yPTP and reconcile previous strain-dependent differences in yPTP solute selectivity.
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34
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Carraro M, Giorgio V, Šileikytė J, Sartori G, Forte M, Lippe G, Zoratti M, Szabò I, Bernardi P. Channel formation by yeast F-ATP synthase and the role of dimerization in the mitochondrial permeability transition. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15980-5. [PMID: 24790105 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c114.559633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified F-ATP synthase dimers of yeast mitochondria display Ca(2+)-dependent channel activity with properties resembling those of the permeability transition pore (PTP) of mammals. After treatment with the Ca(2+) ionophore ETH129, which allows electrophoretic Ca(2+) uptake, isolated yeast mitochondria undergo inner membrane permeabilization due to PTP opening. Yeast mutant strains ΔTIM11 and ΔATP20 (lacking the e and g F-ATP synthase subunits, respectively, which are necessary for dimer formation) display a striking resistance to PTP opening. These results show that the yeast PTP originates from F-ATP synthase and indicate that dimerization is required for pore formation in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Carraro
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Justina Šileikytė
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Geppo Sartori
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Michael Forte
- the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, and
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- the Department of Food Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- the Department of Biology, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences and
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35
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Yamamoto T, Tamaki H, Katsuda C, Nakatani K, Terauchi S, Terada H, Shinohara Y. Molecular basis of interactions between mitochondrial proteins and hydroxyapatite in the presence of Triton X-100, as revealed by proteomic and recombinant techniques. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1301:169-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Bernardi P. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: a mystery solved? Front Physiol 2013; 4:95. [PMID: 23675351 PMCID: PMC3650560 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The permeability transition (PT) denotes an increase of the mitochondrial inner membrane permeability to solutes with molecular masses up to about 1500 Da. It is presumed to be mediated by opening of a channel, the permeability transition pore (PTP), whose molecular nature remains a mystery. Here I briefly review the history of the PTP, discuss existing models, and present our new results indicating that reconstituted dimers of the FOF1 ATP synthase form a channel with properties identical to those of the mitochondrial megachannel (MMC), the electrophysiological equivalent of the PTP. Open questions remain, but there is now promise that the PTP can be studied by genetic methods to solve the large number of outstanding problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova Padova, Italy
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37
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The inhibitors of antioxidant cell enzymes induce permeability transition in yeast mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2013; 45:491-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-013-9511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) — An example of multiple molecular exaptation? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:2072-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.06.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Konrad C, Kiss G, Torocsik B, Adam-Vizi V, Chinopoulos C. Absence of Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition but presence of bongkrekate-sensitive nucleotide exchange in C. crangon and P. serratus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39839. [PMID: 22768139 PMCID: PMC3387235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria from the embryos of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) do not undergo Ca2+-induced permeability transition in the presence of a profound Ca2+ uptake capacity. Furthermore, this crustacean is the only organism known to exhibit bongkrekate-insensitive mitochondrial adenine nucleotide exchange, prompting the conjecture that refractoriness to bongkrekate and absence of Ca2+-induced permeability transition are somehow related phenomena. Here we report that mitochondria isolated from two other crustaceans, brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) and common prawn (Palaemon serratus) exhibited bongkrekate-sensitive mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transport, but lacked a Ca2+-induced permeability transition. Ca2+ uptake capacity was robust in the absence of adenine nucleotides in both crustaceans, unaffected by either bongkrekate or cyclosporin A. Transmission electron microscopy images of Ca2+-loaded mitochondria showed needle-like formations of electron-dense material strikingly similar to those observed in mitochondria from the hepatopancreas of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) and the embryos of Artemia franciscana. Alignment analysis of the partial coding sequences of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) expressed in Crangon crangon and Palaemon serratus versus the complete sequence expressed in Artemia franciscana reappraised the possibility of the 208-214 amino acid region for conferring sensitivity to bongkrekate. However, our findings suggest that the ability to undergo Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and the sensitivity of adenine nucleotide translocase to bongkrekate are not necessarily related phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Konrad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Kiss
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Torocsik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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40
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Pan Z, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Liu J, Jiang X, Guo Y. A high-throughput method for screening Arabidopsis mutants with disordered abiotic stress-induced calcium signal. J Genet Genomics 2012; 39:225-35. [PMID: 22624884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is established that different stresses cause signal-specific changes in cellular Ca(2+) level, which function as messengers in modulating diverse physiological processes. These calcium signals are important for stress adaptation. Though numbers of downstream components of calcium signal cascades have been identified, upstream events in calcium signal remain elusive, specifically components required for calcium signal generation due to the lack of high-throughput genetic assay. Here, we report the development of an easy and efficient method in a forward genetic screen for Ca(2+) signals-deficient mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using this method, 121 mutants with disordered NaCl- and H(2)O(2)-induced Ca(2+) signals are isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Pan
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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41
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Bernardi P, von Stockum S. The permeability transition pore as a Ca(2+) release channel: new answers to an old question. Cell Calcium 2012; 52:22-7. [PMID: 22513364 PMCID: PMC3396848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria possess a sophisticated array of Ca2+ transport systems reflecting their key role in physiological Ca2+ homeostasis. With the exception of most yeast strains, energized organelles are endowed with a very fast and efficient mechanism for Ca2+ uptake, the ruthenium red (RR)-sensitive mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU); and one main mechanism for Ca2+ release, the RR-insensitive 3Na+–Ca2+ antiporter. An additional mechanism for Ca2+ release is provided by a Na+ and RR-insensitive release mechanism, the putative 3H+–Ca2+ antiporter. A potential kinetic imbalance is present, however, because the Vmax of the MCU is of the order of 1400 nmol Ca2+ mg−1 protein min−1 while the combined Vmax of the efflux pathways is about 20 nmol Ca2+ mg−1 protein min−1. This arrangement exposes mitochondria to the hazards of Ca2+ overload when the rate of Ca2+ uptake exceeds that of the combined efflux pathways, e.g. for sharp increases of cytosolic [Ca2+]. In this short review we discuss the hypothesis that transient opening of the Ca2+-dependent permeability transition pore may provide mitocondria with a fast Ca2+ release channel preventing Ca2+ overload. We also address the relevance of a mitochondrial Ca2+ release channel recently discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, which possesses intermediate features between the permeability transition pore of yeast and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Hada T, Kato Y, Obana E, Yamamoto A, Yamazaki N, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto T, Shinohara Y. Comparison of two expression systems using COS7 cells and yeast cells for expression of heart/muscle-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 82:192-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Physiological uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Studies in different yeast species. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2011; 43:323-31. [PMID: 21556887 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Under non-phosphorylating conditions a high proton transmembrane gradient inhibits the rate of oxygen consumption mediated by the mitochondrial respiratory chain (state IV). Slow electron transit leads to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of participating in deleterious side reactions. In order to avoid overproducing ROS, mitochondria maintain a high rate of O(2) consumption by activating different exquisitely controlled uncoupling pathways. Different yeast species possess one or more uncoupling systems that work through one of two possible mechanisms: i) Proton sinks and ii) Non-pumping redox enzymes. Proton sinks are exemplified by mitochondrial unspecific channels (MUC) and by uncoupling proteins (UCP). Saccharomyces. cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii express highly regulated MUCs. Also, a UCP was described in Yarrowia lipolytica which promotes uncoupled O(2) consumption. Non-pumping alternative oxido-reductases may substitute for a pump, as in S. cerevisiae or may coexist with a complete set of pumps as in the branched respiratory chains from Y. lipolytica or D. hansenii. In addition, pumps may suffer intrinsic uncoupling (slipping). Promising models for study are unicellular parasites which can turn off their aerobic metabolism completely. The variety of energy dissipating systems in eukaryote species is probably designed to control ROS production in the different environments where each species lives.
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von Stockum S, Basso E, Petronilli V, Sabatelli P, Forte MA, Bernardi P. Properties of Ca(2+) transport in mitochondria of Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41163-41170. [PMID: 21984833 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.268375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the pathways for Ca(2+) transport in mitochondria of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate the presence of ruthenium red (RR)-sensitive Ca(2+) uptake, of RR-insensitive Ca(2+) release, and of Na(+)-stimulated Ca(2+) release in energized mitochondria, which match well characterized Ca(2+) transport pathways of mammalian mitochondria. Following larger matrix Ca(2+) loading Drosophila mitochondria underwent spontaneous RR-insensitive Ca(2+) release, an event that in mammals is due to opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP). Like the PTP of mammals, Drosophila Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release could be triggered by uncoupler, diamide, and N-ethylmaleimide, indicating the existence of regulatory voltage- and redox-sensitive sites and was inhibited by tetracaine. Unlike PTP-mediated Ca(2+) release in mammals, however, it was (i) insensitive to cyclosporin A, ubiquinone 0, and ADP; (ii) inhibited by P(i), as is the PTP of yeast mitochondria; and (iii) not accompanied by matrix swelling and cytochrome c release even in KCl-based medium. We conclude that Drosophila mitochondria possess a selective Ca(2+) release channel with features intermediate between the PTP of yeast and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia von Stockum
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Emy Basso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Petronilli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael A Forte
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of I-35121 Padova, Italy.
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Mitochondrial Unselective Channels throughout the eukaryotic domain. Mitochondrion 2011; 11:382-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Konràd C, Kiss G, Töröcsik B, Lábár JL, Gerencser AA, Mándi M, Adam-Vizi V, Chinopoulos C. A distinct sequence in the adenine nucleotide translocase from Artemia franciscana embryos is associated with insensitivity to bongkrekate and atypical effects of adenine nucleotides on Ca2+ uptake and sequestration. FEBS J 2011; 278:822-36. [PMID: 21205213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.08001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria isolated from embryos of the crustacean Artemia franciscana lack the Ca(2+)-induced permeability transition pore. Although the composition of the pore described in mammalian mitochondria is unknown, the impacts of several effectors of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) on pore opening are firmly established. Notably, ADP, ATP and bongkrekate delay, whereas carboxyatractyloside hastens, Ca(2+)-induced pore opening. Here, we report that adenine nucleotides decreased, whereas carboxyatractyloside increased, Ca(2+) uptake capacity in mitochondria isolated from Artemia embryos. Bongkrekate had no effect on either Ca(2+) uptake or ADP-ATP exchange rate. Transmission electron microscopy imaging of Ca(2+)-loaded Artemia mitochondria showed needle-like formations of electron-dense material in the absence of adenine nucleotides, and dot-like formations in the presence of adenine nucleotides or Mg(2+). Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy showed the material to be rich in calcium and phosphorus. Sequencing of the Artemia mRNA coding for ANT revealed that it transcribes a protein with a stretch of amino acids in the 198-225 region with 48-56% similarity to those from other species, including the deletion of three amino acids in positions 211, 212 and 219. Mitochondria isolated from the liver of Xenopus laevis, in which the ANT shows similarity to that in Artemia except for the 198-225 amino acid region, demonstrated a Ca(2+)-induced bongkrekate-sensitive permeability transition pore, allowing the suggestion that this region of ANT may contain the binding site for bongkrekate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Konràd
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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A pore way to die: the role of mitochondria in reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Biochem Soc Trans 2010; 38:841-60. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0380841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their normal physiological role in ATP production and metabolism, mitochondria exhibit a dark side mediated by the opening of a non-specific pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) causes the mitochondria to breakdown rather than synthesize ATP and, if unrestrained, leads to necrotic cell death. The MPTP is opened in response to Ca2+ overload, especially when accompanied by oxidative stress, elevated phosphate concentration and adenine nucleotide depletion. These conditions are experienced by the heart and brain subjected to reperfusion after a period of ischaemia as may occur during treatment of a myocardial infarction or stroke and during heart surgery. In the present article, I review the properties, regulation and molecular composition of the MPTP. The evidence for the roles of CyP-D (cyclophilin D), the adenine nucleotide translocase and the phosphate carrier are summarized and other potential interactions with outer mitochondrial membrane proteins are discussed. I then review the evidence that MPTP opening mediates cardiac reperfusion injury and that MPTP inhibition is cardioprotective. Inhibition may involve direct pharmacological targeting of the MPTP, such as with cyclosporin A that binds to CyP-D, or indirect inhibition of MPTP opening such as with preconditioning protocols. These invoke complex signalling pathways to reduce oxidative stress and Ca2+ load. MPTP inhibition also protects against congestive heart failure in hypertensive animal models. Thus the MPTP is a very promising pharmacological target for clinical practice, especially once more specific drugs are developed.
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Azzolin L, von Stockum S, Basso E, Petronilli V, Forte MA, Bernardi P. The mitochondrial permeability transition from yeast to mammals. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:2504-9. [PMID: 20398660 PMCID: PMC2878904 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulated permeability changes have been detected in mitochondria across species. We review here their key features, with the goal of assessing whether a "permeability transition" similar to that observed in higher eukaryotes is present in other species. The recent discoveries (i) that treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) unmasks an inhibitory site for inorganic phosphate (Pi) [Basso, E., Petronilli, V., Forte, M.A. and Bernardi, P. (2008) Phosphate is essential for inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore by cyclosporin A and by cyclophilin D ablation. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 26307-26311], the classical inhibitor of the permeability transition of yeast and (ii) that under proper experimental conditions a matrix Ca(2+)-dependence can be demonstrated in yeast as well [Yamada, A., Yamamoto, T., Yoshimura, Y., Gouda, S., Kawashima, S., Yamazaki, N., Yamashita, K., Kataoka, M., Nagata, T., Terada, H., Pfeiffer, D.R. and Shinohara Y. (2009) Ca(2+)-induced permeability transition can be observed even in yeast mitochondria under optimized experimental conditions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1787, 1486-1491] suggest that the mitochondrial permeability transition has been conserved during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael A. Forte
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Ling Y, Zhang H, Liu P, Baluška F, Šamaj J, Lin J, Wang Q. Disruption of actin filaments induces mitochondrial Ca2+ release to the cytoplasm and [Ca2+]c changes in Arabidopsis root hairs. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:53. [PMID: 20334630 PMCID: PMC2923527 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that move along actin filaments, and serve as calcium stores in plant cells. The positioning and dynamics of mitochondria depend on membrane-cytoskeleton interactions, but it is not clear whether microfilament cytoskeleton has a direct effect on mitochondrial function and Ca2+ storage. Therefore, we designed a series of experiments to clarify the effects of actin filaments on mitochondrial Ca2+ storage, cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c), and the interaction between mitochondrial Ca2+ and cytoplasmic Ca2+ in Arabidopsis root hairs. RESULTS In this study, we found that treatments with latrunculin B (Lat-B) and jasplakinolide (Jas), which depolymerize and polymerize actin filaments respectively, decreased membrane potential and Ca2+ stores in the mitochondria of Arabidopsis root hairs. Simultaneously, these treatments induced an instantaneous increase of cytoplasmic Ca2+, followed by a continuous decrease. All of these effects were inhibited by pretreatment with cyclosporin A (Cs A), a representative blocker of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Moreover, we found there was a Ca2+ concentration gradient in mitochondria from the tip to the base of the root hair, and this gradient could be disrupted by actin-acting drugs. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we concluded that the disruption of actin filaments caused by Lat-B or Jas promoted irreversible opening of the mPTP, resulting in mitochondrial Ca2+ release into the cytoplasm, and consequent changes in [Ca2+]c. We suggest that normal polymerization and depolymerization of actin filaments are essential for mitochondrial Ca2+ storage in root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Ling
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 78301 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qinli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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