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Schmitt FJ, Friedrich T. Adaptation processes in Halomicronema hongdechloris, an example of the light-induced optimization of the photosynthetic apparatus on hierarchical time scales. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1359195. [PMID: 39049856 PMCID: PMC11266139 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1359195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis in Halomicronema hongdechloris, one of a series of cyanobacteria producing red-shifted Chl f, is adapted to varying light conditions by a range of diverse processes acting over largely different time scales. Acclimation to far-red light (FRL) above 700 nm over several days is mirrored by reversible changes in the Chl f content. In several cyanobacteria that undergo FRL photoacclimation, Chl d and Chl f are directly involved in excitation energy transfer in the antenna system, form the primary donor in photosystem I (PSI), and are also involved in electron transfer within photosystem II (PSII), most probably at the ChlD1 position, with efficient charge transfer happening with comparable kinetics to reaction centers containing Chl a. In H. hongdechloris, the formation of Chl f under FRL comes along with slow adaptive proteomic shifts like the rebuilding of the D1 complex on the time scale of days. On shorter time scales, much faster adaptation mechanisms exist involving the phycobilisomes (PBSs), which mainly contain allophycocyanin upon adaptation to FRL. Short illumination with white, blue, or red light leads to reactive oxygen species-driven mobilization of the PBSs on the time scale of seconds, in effect recoupling the PBSs with Chl f-containing PSII to re-establish efficient excitation energy transfer within minutes. In summary, H. hongdechloris reorganizes PSII to act as a molecular heat pump lifting excited states from Chl f to Chl a on the picosecond time scale in combination with a light-driven PBS reorganization acting on the time scale of seconds to minutes depending on the actual light conditions. Thus, structure-function relationships in photosynthetic energy and electron transport in H. hongdechloris including long-term adaptation processes cover 10-12 to 106 seconds, i.e., 18 orders of magnitude in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Josef Schmitt
- Department of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Department of Bioenergetics, Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Berlin, Germany
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Elias E, Oliver TJ, Croce R. Oxygenic Photosynthesis in Far-Red Light: Strategies and Mechanisms. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:231-256. [PMID: 38382567 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090722-125847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis, the process that converts light energy into chemical energy, is traditionally associated with the absorption of visible light by chlorophyll molecules. However, recent studies have revealed a growing number of organisms capable of using far-red light (700-800 nm) to drive oxygenic photosynthesis. This phenomenon challenges the conventional understanding of the limits of this process. In this review, we briefly introduce the organisms that exhibit far-red photosynthesis and explore the different strategies they employ to harvest far-red light. We discuss the modifications of photosynthetic complexes and their impact on the delivery of excitation energy to photochemical centers and on overall photochemical efficiency. Finally, we examine the solutions employed to drive electron transport and water oxidation using relatively low-energy photons. The findings discussed here not only expand our knowledge of the remarkable adaptation capacities of photosynthetic organisms but also offer insights into the potential for enhancing light capture in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Elias
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Thomas J Oliver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Majhi BK, Melis A. Recombinant protein synthesis and isolation of human interferon alpha-2 in cyanobacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 400:130664. [PMID: 38583672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) is a unicellular photosynthetic microorganism that has been used as a model for photo-biochemical research. It comprises a potential cell factory for the generation of valuable bioactive compounds, therapeutic proteins, and possibly biofuels. Fusion constructs of recombinant proteins with the CpcA α-subunit or CpcB β-subunit of phycocyanin in Synechocystis have enabled true over-expression of several isoprenoid pathway enzymes and biopharmaceutical proteins to levels of 10-20 % of the total cellular protein. The present work employed the human interferon α-2 protein, as a study case of over-expression and downstream processing. It advanced the state of the art in the fusion constructs for protein overexpression technology by developing the bioresource for target protein separation from the fusion construct and isolation in substantially enriched or pure form. The work brings the cyanobacterial cell factory concept closer to meaningful commercial application for the photosynthetic production of useful recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat K Majhi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, MC-3102, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
| | - Anastasios Melis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, MC-3102, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.
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Schmitt FJ, Hüls A, Moldenhauer M, Friedrich T. How electron tunneling and uphill excitation energy transfer support photochemistry in Halomicronema hongdechloris. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 159:273-289. [PMID: 38198121 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Halomicronema hongdechloris, the first cyanobacterium reported to produce the red-shifted chlorophyll f (Chl f) upon acclimation to far-red light, demonstrates remarkable adaptability to diverse light conditions. The photosystem II (PS II) of this organism undergoes reversible changes in its Chl f content, ranging from practically zero under white-light culture conditions to a Chl f: Chl a ratio of up to 1:8 when exposed to far-red light (FRL) of 720-730 nm for several days. Our ps time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence data obtained after excitation of living H. hongdechloris cells indicate that the Soret band of a far-red (FR) chlorophyll involved in charge separation absorbs around 470 nm. At 10 K, the fluorescence decay at 715-720 nm is still fast with a time constant of 165 ps indicating an efficient electron tunneling process. There is efficient excitation energy transfer (EET) from 715-720 nm to 745 nm with the latter resulting from FR Chl f, which mainly functions as light-harvesting pigment upon adaptation to FRL. From there, excitation energy reaches the primary donor in the reaction center of PS II with an energetic uphill EET mechanism inducing charge transfer. The fluorescence data are well explained with a secondary donor PD1 represented by a red-shifted Chl a molecule with characteristic fluorescence around 715 nm and a more red-shifted FR Chl f with fluorescence around 725 nm as primary donor at the ChlD1 or PD2 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Josef Schmitt
- Department of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Anne Hüls
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Moldenhauer
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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Battistuzzi M, Morlino MS, Cocola L, Trainotti L, Treu L, Campanaro S, Claudi R, Poletto L, La Rocca N. Transcriptomic and photosynthetic analyses of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Chlorogloeopsis fritschii sp. PCC6912 exposed to an M-dwarf spectrum under an anoxic atmosphere. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1322052. [PMID: 38304456 PMCID: PMC10830646 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1322052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Cyanobacteria appeared in the anoxic Archean Earth, evolving for the first time oxygenic photosynthesis and deeply changing the atmosphere by introducing oxygen. Starting possibly from UV-protected environments, characterized by low visible and far-red enriched light spectra, cyanobacteria spread everywhere on Earth thanks to their adaptation capabilities in light harvesting. In the last decade, few cyanobacteria species which can acclimate to far-red light through Far-Red Light Photoacclimation (FaRLiP) have been isolated. FaRLiP cyanobacteria were thus proposed as model organisms to study the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis as well as its possible functionality around stars with high far-red emission, the M-dwarfs. These stars are astrobiological targets, as their longevity could sustain life evolution and they demonstrated to host rocky terrestrial-like exoplanets within their Habitable Zone. Methods We studied the acclimation responses of the FaRLiP strain Chlorogloeopsis fritschii sp. PCC6912 and the non-FaRLiP strain Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 to the combination of three simulated light spectra (M-dwarf, solar and far-red) and two atmospheric compositions (oxic, anoxic). We first checked their growth, O2 production and pigment composition, then we studied their transcriptional responses by RNA sequencing under each combination of light spectrum and atmosphere conditions. Results and discussion PCC6803 did not show relevant differences in gene expression when comparing the responses to M-dwarf and solar-simulated lights, while far-red caused a variation in the transcriptional level of many genes. PCC6912 showed, on the contrary, different transcriptional responses to each light condition and activated the FaRLiP response under the M-dwarf simulated light. Surprisingly, the anoxic atmosphere did not impact the transcriptional profile of the 2 strains significantly. Results show that both cyanobacteria seem inherently prepared for anoxia and to harvest the photons emitted by a simulated M-dwarf star, whether they are only visible (PCC6803) or also far-red photons (PCC6912). They also show that visible photons in the simulated M-dwarf are sufficient to keep a similar metabolism with respect to solar-simulated light. Conclusion Results prove the adaptability of the cyanobacterial metabolism and enhance the plausibility of finding oxygenic biospheres on exoplanets orbiting M-dwarf stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Battistuzzi
- National Council of Research of Italy, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for Space Studies and Activities (CISAS), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Cocola
- National Council of Research of Italy, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Padua, Italy
| | | | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Claudi
- National Institute for Astrophysics, Astronomical Observatory of Padua (INAF-OAPD), Padua, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Poletto
- National Council of Research of Italy, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Padua, Italy
| | - Nicoletta La Rocca
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for Space Studies and Activities (CISAS), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Liu R, Zhen ZH, Li W, Ge B, Qin S. How can Phycobilisome, the unique light harvesting system in certain algae working highly efficiently: The connection in between structures and functions. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 186:39-52. [PMID: 38030044 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Algae, which are ubiquitous in ecosystems, have evolved a variety of light-harvesting complexes to better adapt to diverse habitats. Phycobilisomes/phycobiliproteins, unique to cyanobacteria, red algae, and certain cryptomonads, compensate for the lack of chlorophyll absorption, allowing algae to capture and efficiently transfer light energy in aquatic environments. With the advancement of microscopy and spectroscopy, the structure and energy transfer processes of increasingly complex phycobilisomes have been elucidated, providing us with a vivid portrait of the dynamic adaptation of their structures to the light environment in which algae thrive: 1) Cyanobacteria living on the surface of the water use short, small phycobilisomes to absorb red-orange light and reduce the damage from blue-violet light via multiple methods; 2) Large red algae inhabiting the depths of the ocean have evolved long and dense phycobilisomes containing phycoerythrin to capture the feeble blue-green light; 3) In far-red light environments such as caves, algae use special allophycocyanin cores to optimally utilize the far-red light; 4) When the environment shifts, algae can adjust the length, composition and density of their rods to better adapt; 5) By carefully designing the position of the pigments, phycobilisomes can transfer light energy to the reaction center with nearly 100% efficiency via three energy transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zhang-He Zhen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- China University of Petroleum (HUADONG), Qingdao, Shandong, 266580, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China.
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Ko JT, Li YY, Chen PY, Liu PY, Ho MY. Use of 16S rRNA gene sequences to identify cyanobacteria that can grow in far-red light. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13871. [PMID: 37772760 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Although most cyanobacteria use visible light (VL; λ = 400-700 nm) for photosynthesis, some have evolved strategies to use far-red light (FRL; λ = 700-800 nm). These cyanobacteria are defined as far-red light-utilizing cyanobacteria (FRLCyano), including two groups: (1) chlorophyll d-producing Acaryochloris spp. and (2) polyphyletic cyanobacteria that produce chlorophylls d and f in response to FRL. Numerous ecological studies examine pigments, such as chlorophylls d and f, to investigate the presence of FRLCyano in the environment. This method is not ideal because it can only detect FRLCyano that have made chlorophylls d or f. Here we develop a new method, far-red cyanobacteria identification (FRCI), to identify FRLCyano based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. From public databases and published articles, 62 16S rRNA gene sequences of FRLCyano were extracted. Comparing with related lineages, we determined that 97% sequence identity is the optimal cut-off for distinguishing FRLCyano from other cyanobacteria. To test the method experimentally, we collected samples from 17 sites in Taipei, Taiwan, and conducted VL and FRL enrichments. Our results demonstrate that FRCI can detect FRLCyano during FRL enrichments more sensitively than pigment analysis. FRCI can also resolve the composition of FRLCyano at the genus level, which pigment analysis cannot do. In addition, we applied FRCI to published datasets and discovered putative FRLCyano in diverse environments, including soils, hot springs and deserts. Overall, our results indicate that FRCI is a sensitive and high-resolution method using 16S rRNA gene sequences to identify FRLCyano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Tse Ko
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yang Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pa-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Gisriel CJ, Elias E, Shen G, Soulier NT, Brudvig GW, Croce R, Bryant DA. Structural comparison of allophycocyanin variants reveals the molecular basis for their spectral differences. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023:10.1007/s11120-023-01048-4. [PMID: 37773575 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Allophycocyanins are phycobiliproteins that absorb red light and transfer the energy to the reaction centers of oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and red algae. Recently, it was shown that some allophycocyanins absorb far-red light and that one subset of these allophycocyanins, comprising subunits from the ApcD4 and ApcB3 subfamilies (FRL-AP), form helical nanotubes. The lowest energy absorbance maximum of the oligomeric ApcD4-ApcB3 complexes occurs at 709 nm, which is unlike allophycocyanin (AP; ApcA-ApcB) and allophycocyanin B (AP-B; ApcD-ApcB) trimers that absorb maximally at ~ 650 nm and ~ 670 nm, respectively. The molecular bases of the different spectra of AP variants are presently unclear. To address this, we structurally compared FRL-AP with AP and AP-B, performed spectroscopic analyses on FRL-AP, and leveraged computational approaches. We show that among AP variants, the α-subunit constrains pyrrole ring A of its phycocyanobilin chromophore to different extents, and the coplanarity of ring A with rings B and C sets a baseline for the absorbance maximum of the chromophore. Upon oligomerization, the α-chromophores of all AP variants exhibit a red shift of the absorbance maximum of ~ 25 to 30 nm and band narrowing. We exclude excitonic coupling in FRL-AP as the basis for this red shift and extend the results to discuss AP and AP-B. Instead, we attribute these spectral changes to a conformational alteration of pyrrole ring D, which becomes more coplanar with rings B and C upon oligomerization. This study expands the molecular understanding of light-harvesting attributes of phycobiliproteins and will aid in designing phycobiliproteins for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduard Elias
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nathan T Soulier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Hidalgo Martinez D, Melis A. Cyanobacterial phycobilisomes as a platform for the stable production of heterologous enzymes and other proteins. Metab Eng 2023; 77:174-187. [PMID: 37030607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to stably over-express recombinant proteins in cyanobacteria are hindered due to cellular proteasome activity that efficiently degrades foreign proteins. Recent work from this lab showed that a variety of exogenous genes from plants, bacteria, and humans can be successfully and stably over-expressed in cyanobacteria, as fusion constructs with the abundant β-subunit of phycocyanin (the cpcB gene product) in quantities up to 10-15% of the total cell protein. The CpcB*P fusion proteins did not simply accumulate in a soluble free-floating form in the cell but, rather, they assembled as functional (α,β*P)3CpcG1 heterohexameric light-harvesting phycocyanin antenna discs, where α is the CpcA α-subunit of phycocyanin, β*P is the CpcB*P fusion protein, the asterisk denoting fusion, and CpcG1 is the 28.9 kDa phycocyanin disc linker polypeptide (Hidalgo Martinez et al., 2022). The present work showed that the CpcA α-subunit of phycocyanin and the CpcG1 28.9 kDa phycocyanin disc linker polypeptide can also successfully serve as leading sequences in functional heterohexameric (α*P,β)3CpcG1 and (α,β)3CpcG1*P fusion constructs that permit stable recombinant protein over-expression and accumulation. These were shown to form a residual light-harvesting antenna and to contribute to photosystem-II photochemistry in the cyanobacterial cells. The work suggested that cyanobacterial cells need phycocyanin for light absorption, photosynthesis, and survival and, therefore, may tolerate the presence of heterologous recombinant proteins, when the latter are in a fusion construct configuration with essential cellular proteins, e.g., phycocyanin, thus allowing their substantial and stable accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasios Melis
- University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, MC-3102, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA.
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Gisriel CJ, Elias E, Shen G, Soulier NT, Flesher DA, Gunner MR, Brudvig GW, Croce R, Bryant DA. Helical allophycocyanin nanotubes absorb far-red light in a thermophilic cyanobacterium. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg0251. [PMID: 36961897 PMCID: PMC10038336 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To compete in certain low-light environments, some cyanobacteria express a paralog of the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein, allophycocyanin (AP), that strongly absorbs far-red light (FRL). Using cryo-electron microscopy and time-resolved absorption spectroscopy, we reveal the structure-function relationship of this FRL-absorbing AP complex (FRL-AP) that is expressed during acclimation to low light and that likely associates with chlorophyll a-containing photosystem I. FRL-AP assembles as helical nanotubes rather than typical toroids due to alterations of the domain geometry within each subunit. Spectroscopic characterization suggests that FRL-AP nanotubes are somewhat inefficient antenna; however, the enhanced ability to harvest FRL when visible light is severely attenuated represents a beneficial trade-off. The results expand the known diversity of light-harvesting proteins in nature and exemplify how biological plasticity is achieved by balancing resource accessibility with efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduard Elias
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nathan T. Soulier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - David A. Flesher
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - M. R. Gunner
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Donald A. Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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11
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Battistuzzi M, Cocola L, Claudi R, Pozzer AC, Segalla A, Simionato D, Morosinotto T, Poletto L, La Rocca N. Oxygenic photosynthetic responses of cyanobacteria exposed under an M-dwarf starlight simulator: Implications for exoplanet's habitability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1070359. [PMID: 36824196 PMCID: PMC9941696 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1070359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The search for life on distant exoplanets is expected to rely on atmospheric biosignatures detection, such as oxygen of biological origin. However, it is not demonstrated how much oxygenic photosynthesis, which on Earth depends on visible light, could work under spectral conditions simulating exoplanets orbiting the Habitable Zone of M-dwarf stars, which have low light emission in the visible and high light emission in the far-red/near-infrared. By utilizing cyanobacteria, the first organisms to evolve oxygenic photosynthesis on our planet, and a starlight simulator capable of accurately reproducing the emission spectrum of an M-dwarf in the range 350-900 nm, we could answer this question. METHODS We performed experiments with the cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii PCC6912, capable of Far-Red Light Photoacclimation (FaRLiP), which allows the strain to harvest far-red in addition to visible light for photosynthesis, and Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, a species unable to perform this photoacclimation, comparing their responses when exposed to three simulated light spectra: M-dwarf, solar and far-red. We analysed growth and photosynthetic acclimation features in terms of pigment composition and photosystems organization. Finally, we determined the oxygen production of the strains directly exposed to the different spectra. RESULTS Both cyanobacteria were shown to grow and photosynthesize similarly under M-dwarf and solar light conditions: Synechocystis sp. by utilizing the few photons in the visible, C. fritschii by harvesting both visible and far-red light, activating the FaRLiP response. DISCUSSION Our results experimentally show that an M-dwarf light spectrum could support a biological oxygen production similar to that in solar light at the tested light intensities, suggesting the possibility to discover such atmospheric biosignatures on those exoplanets if other boundary conditions are met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Battistuzzi
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for Space Studies and Activities (CISAS), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cocola
- National Council of Research of Italy, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Claudi
- National Institute for Astrophysics, Astronomical Observatory of Padua (INAF-OAPD), Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Caterina Pozzer
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- National Institute for Astrophysics, Astronomical Observatory of Padua (INAF-OAPD), Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Segalla
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for Space Studies and Activities (CISAS), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Poletto
- National Council of Research of Italy, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Padua, Italy
| | - Nicoletta La Rocca
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Center for Space Studies and Activities (CISAS), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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12
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Gisriel CJ, Shen G, Flesher DA, Kurashov V, Golbeck JH, Brudvig GW, Amin M, Bryant DA. Structure of a dimeric photosystem II complex from a cyanobacterium acclimated to far-red light. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102815. [PMID: 36549647 PMCID: PMC9843442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is the water-splitting enzyme central to oxygenic photosynthesis. To drive water oxidation, light is harvested by accessory pigments, mostly chlorophyll (Chl) a molecules, which absorb visible light (400-700 nm). Some cyanobacteria facultatively acclimate to shaded environments by altering their photosynthetic machinery to additionally absorb far-red light (FRL, 700-800 nm), a process termed far-red light photoacclimation or FaRLiP. During far-red light photoacclimation, FRL-PSII is assembled with FRL-specific isoforms of the subunits PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD, and PsbH, and some Chl-binding sites contain Chls d or f instead of the usual Chl a. The structure of an apo-FRL-PSII monomer lacking the FRL-specific PsbH subunit has previously been determined, but visualization of the dimeric complex has remained elusive. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of a dimeric FRL-PSII complex. The site assignments for Chls d and f are consistent with those assigned in the previous apo-FRL-PSII monomeric structure. All sites that bind Chl d or Chl f at high occupancy exhibit a FRL-specific interaction of the formyl moiety of the Chl d or Chl f with the protein environment, which in some cases involves a phenylalanine sidechain. The structure retains the FRL-specific PsbH2 subunit, which appears to alter the energetic landscape of FRL-PSII, redirecting energy transfer from the phycobiliprotein complex to a Chl f molecule bound by PsbB2 that acts as a bridge for energy transfer to the electron transfer chain. Collectively, these observations extend our previous understanding of the structure-function relationship that allows PSII to function using lower energy FRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Gisriel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,For correspondence: Christopher J. Gisriel; Donald A. Bryant
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A. Flesher
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vasily Kurashov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John H. Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Muhamed Amin
- Department of Sciences, University College Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Donald A. Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA,For correspondence: Christopher J. Gisriel; Donald A. Bryant
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13
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Pinevich AV, Averina SG. On the Edge of the Rainbow: Red-Shifted Chlorophylls and Far-Red Light Photoadaptation in Cyanobacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722602019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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14
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Patel SN, Sonani RR, Roy D, Singh NK, Subudhi S, Pabbi S, Madamwar D. Exploring the structural aspects and therapeutic perspectives of cyanobacterial phycobiliproteins. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:224. [PMID: 35975025 PMCID: PMC9375810 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) of cyanobacteria and algae possess unique light harvesting capacity which expand the photosynthetically active region (PAR) and allow them to thrive in extreme niches where higher plants cannot. PBPs of cyanobacteria/algae vary in abundance, types, amino acid composition and in structure as a function of species and the habitat that they grow in. In the present review, the key aspects of structure, stability, and spectral properties of PBPs, and their correlation with ecological niche of cyanobacteria are discussed. Besides their role in light-harvesting, PBPs possess antioxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, which can be used in therapeutics. Recent developments in therapeutic applications of PBPs are reviewed with special focus on 'route of PBPs administration' and 'therapeutic potential of PBP-derived peptide and chromophores'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti N. Patel
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Anand, Gujarat 388421 India
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Sardar Patel University, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat 388315 India
- Present Address: Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ravi R. Sonani
- Present Address: Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Diya Roy
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Niraj Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Shree A. N. Patel PG Institute of Science and Research, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat 388001 India
- Present Address: Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Deaprtment of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382011 India
| | - Sanjukta Subudhi
- The Energy and Resources Institute Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodi Road, New Delhi, 110003 India
| | - Sunil Pabbi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Datta Madamwar
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Anand, Gujarat 388421 India
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15
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Otsu T, Eki T, Hirose Y. A hybrid type of chromatic acclimation regulated by the dual green/red photosensory systems in cyanobacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:779-793. [PMID: 35751608 PMCID: PMC9434153 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are phototrophic bacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis. They use a supermolecular light-harvesting antenna complex, the phycobilisome (PBS), to capture and transfer light energy to photosynthetic reaction centers. Certain cyanobacteria alter the absorption maxima and/or overall structure of their PBSs in response to the ambient light wavelength-a process called chromatic acclimation (CA). One of the most well-known CA types is the response to green and red light, which is controlled by either the RcaEFC or CcaSR photosensory system. Here, we characterized a hybrid type of CA in the cyanobacterium Pleurocapsa sp. Pasteur Culture Collection (PCC) 7319 that uses both RcaEFC and CcaSR systems. In vivo spectroscopy suggested that strain PCC 7319 alters the relative composition of green-absorbing phycoerythrin and red-absorbing phycocyanin in the PBS. RNA sequencing and promoter motif analyses suggested that the RcaEFC system induces a gene operon for phycocyanin under red light, whereas the CcaSR system induces a rod-membrane linker gene under green light. Induction of the phycoerythrin genes under green light may be regulated through a yet unidentified photosensory system called the Cgi system. Spectroscopy analyses of the isolated PBSs suggested that hemidiscoidal and rod-shaped PBSs enriched with phycoerythrin were produced under green light, whereas only hemidiscoidal PBSs enriched with phycocyanin were produced under red light. PCC 7319 uses the RcaEFC and CcaSR systems to regulate absorption of green or red light (CA3) and the amount of rod-shaped PBSs (CA1), respectively. Cyanobacteria can thus flexibly combine diverse CA types to acclimate to different light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshihiko Eki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
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16
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Chromatic Acclimation Processes and Their Relationships with Phycobiliprotein Complexes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081562. [PMID: 36013980 PMCID: PMC9415938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatic acclimation (CA) is a widespread mechanism for optimizing the composition of phycobiliprotein complexes to maximize the cyanobacterial light capture efficiency. There are seven CA types, CA1-CA7, classified according to various photoregulatory pathways. Here, we use sequence analyses and bioinformatics to predict the presence of CA types according to three GAF (cGMP phosphodiesterase/adenylyl cyclase/FhlA)-containing photoreceptors, CcaS (cyanobacterial chromatic acclimation sensor), RcaE (regulator of chromatic adaptation), and RfpA (regulator for far-red photoacclimation). These photoreceptors were classified into three different phylogenetic groups leading different CA types in a diverse range of cyanobacteria. Combining with genomic information of phycobilisome compositions, the CA capabilities of various cyanobacteria were conjectured. Screening 65 accessible cyanobacterial genomes, we defined 19 cyanobacteria that have the capability to perform far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP) under the control of RfpA. Forty out of sixty-five cyanobacteria have the capability to perform green/red light photoacclimation, although they use different photoreceptors (RcaE and/or CcaS) and photoregulatory pathways. The reversible response of photoreceptors in CA regulation pathways trigged by changed light conditions reflects the flexibility of photoregulatory mechanisms in cyanobacteria and the putative independent evolutionary origin of photoacclimation types.
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17
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Chen H, Qi H, Xiong P. Phycobiliproteins-A Family of Algae-Derived Biliproteins: Productions, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Potentials. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070450. [PMID: 35877743 PMCID: PMC9318637 DOI: 10.3390/md20070450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are colored and water-soluble biliproteins found in cyanobacteria, rhodophytes, cryptomonads and cyanelles. They are divided into three main types: allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, according to their spectral properties. There are two methods for PBPs preparation. One is the extraction and purification of native PBPs from Cyanobacteria, Cryptophyta and Rhodophyta, and the other way is the production of recombinant PBPs by heterologous hosts. Apart from their function as light-harvesting antenna in photosynthesis, PBPs can be used as food colorants, nutraceuticals and fluorescent probes in immunofluorescence analysis. An increasing number of reports have revealed their pharmaceutical potentials such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. The advances in PBP biogenesis make it feasible to construct novel PBPs with various activities and produce recombinant PBPs by heterologous hosts at low cost. In this review, we present a critical overview on the productions, characterization and pharmaceutical potentials of PBPs, and discuss the key issues and future perspectives on the exploration of these valuable proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Hongtao Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;
| | - Peng Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;
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18
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Reflections on Cyanobacterial Chromatic Acclimation: Exploring the Molecular Bases of Organismal Acclimation and Motivation for Rethinking the Promotion of Equity in STEM. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2022; 86:e0010621. [PMID: 35727025 PMCID: PMC9491170 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00106-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that exhibit characteristic acclimation and developmental responses to dynamic changes in the external light environment. Photomorphogenesis is the tuning of cellular physiology, development, morphology, and metabolism in response to external light cues. The tuning of photosynthetic pigmentation, carbon fixation capacity, and cellular and filament morphologies to changes in the prevalent wavelengths and abundance of light have been investigated to understand the regulation and fitness implications of different aspects of cyanobacterial photomorphogenesis. Chromatic acclimation (CA) is the most common form of photomorphogenesis that has been explored in cyanobacteria. Multiple types of CA in cyanobacteria have been reported, and insights gained into the regulatory pathways and networks controlling some of these CA types. I examine the recent expansion of CA types that occur in nature and provide an overview of known regulatory factors involved in distinct aspects of cyanobacterial photomorphogenesis. Additionally, I explore lessons for cultivating success in scientific communities that can be drawn from a reflection on existing knowledge of and approaches to studying CA.
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19
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The antenna of far-red absorbing cyanobacteria increases both absorption and quantum efficiency of Photosystem II. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3562. [PMID: 35729108 PMCID: PMC9213480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria carry out photosynthetic light-energy conversion using phycobiliproteins for light harvesting and the chlorophyll-rich photosystems for photochemistry. While most cyanobacteria only absorb visible photons, some of them can acclimate to harvest far-red light (FRL, 700-800 nm) by integrating chlorophyll f and d in their photosystems and producing red-shifted allophycocyanin. Chlorophyll f insertion enables the photosystems to use FRL but slows down charge separation, reducing photosynthetic efficiency. Here we demonstrate with time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy that on average charge separation in chlorophyll-f-containing Photosystem II becomes faster in the presence of red-shifted allophycocyanin antennas. This is different from all known photosynthetic systems, where additional light-harvesting complexes increase the overall absorption cross section but slow down charge separation. This remarkable property can be explained with the available structural and spectroscopic information. The unique design is probably important for these cyanobacteria to efficiently switch between visible and far-red light.
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20
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Core and rod structures of a thermophilic cyanobacterial light-harvesting phycobilisome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3389. [PMID: 35715389 PMCID: PMC9205905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, glaucophytes, and rhodophytes utilize giant, light-harvesting phycobilisomes (PBSs) for capturing solar energy and conveying it to photosynthetic reaction centers. PBSs are compositionally and structurally diverse, and exceedingly complex, all of which pose a challenge for a comprehensive understanding of their function. To date, three detailed architectures of PBSs by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have been described: a hemiellipsoidal type, a block-type from rhodophytes, and a cyanobacterial hemidiscoidal-type. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of a pentacylindrical allophycocyanin core and phycocyanin-containing rod of a thermophilic cyanobacterial hemidiscoidal PBS. The structures define the spatial arrangement of protein subunits and chromophores, crucial for deciphering the energy transfer mechanism. They reveal how the pentacylindrical core is formed, identify key interactions between linker proteins and the bilin chromophores, and indicate pathways for unidirectional energy transfer. Phycobilisome (PBS) absorbs solar energy and transfer the energy to photosynthetic membrane proteins. In this study, the structures of the pentacylindrical core and rod in PBS from a thermophilic cyanobacterium by cryo-electron microscopy.
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21
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Hidalgo Martinez D, Betterle N, Melis A. Phycocyanin Fusion Constructs for Heterologous Protein Expression Accumulate as Functional Heterohexameric Complexes in Cyanobacteria. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1152-1166. [PMID: 35257571 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of heterologous proteins from plants, bacteria, and human as fusion constructs in cyanobacteria has been documented in the literature. Typically, the heterologous protein "P" of interest is expressed as a fusion with the abundant CpcB β-subunit of phycocyanin (PC), which was placed in the leader sequence position. The working hypothesis for such overexpressions is that CpcB*P fusion proteins somehow accumulate in a soluble and stable form in the cytosol of the cyanobacteria, retaining the activity of the trailing heterologous "P" protein of interest. The present work revealed a substantially different and previously unobvious picture, comprising the following properties of the above-mentioned CpcB*P fusion constructs: (i) the CpcB*P proteins assemble as functional (α,β*P)3CpcG heterohexameric discs, where α is the CpcA α-subunit of PC, β*P is the CpcB*P fusion protein, the asterisk denotes fusion, and CpcG is the 28.9 kDa PC disc linker polypeptide CpcG1. (ii) The (α,β*P)3CpcG1 complexes covalently bind one open tetrapyrrole bilin co-factor per α-subunit and two bilins per β-subunit. (iii) The (α,β*P)3CpcG1 heterohexameric discs are functionally attached to the Synechocystis allophycocyanin (AP) core cylinders and efficiently transfer excitation energy from the assembled (α,β*P)3CpcG1 heterohexamer to the PSII reaction center, enhancing the rate of photochemical charge separation and electron transfer activity in this photosystem. (iv) In addition to the human interferon α-2 and tetanus toxin fragment C tested in this work, we have shown that enzymes such as the plant-origin isoprene synthase, β-phellandrene synthase, geranyl diphosphate synthase, and geranyl linalool synthase are also overexpressed, while retaining their catalytic activity in the respective fusion construct configuration. (v) Folding models for the (α,β*P)3CpcG1 heterohexameric discs showed the recombinant proteins P to be radially oriented with respect to the (α,β)3 compact disc. Elucidation of the fusion construct configuration and function will pave the way for the rational design of fusion constructs harboring and overexpressing multiple proteins of scientific and commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hidalgo Martinez
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, United States
| | - Nico Betterle
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, United States
| | - Anastasios Melis
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, United States
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22
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Li Y, Chen M. The specificity of the bilin lyase CpcS for chromophore attachment to allophycocyanin in the chlorophyll f-containing cyanobacterium Halomicronima hongdechloris. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:213-223. [PMID: 34564824 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phycobilisomes are light-harvesting antenna complexes of cyanobacteria and red algae that are comprised of chromoproteins called phycobiliproteins. PBS core structures are made up of allophycocyanin subunits. Halomicronema hongdechloris (H. hongdechloris) is one of the cyanobacteria that produce chlorophyll f (Chl f) under far-red light and is regulated by the Far-Red Light Photoacclimation gene cluster. There are five genes encoding APC in this specific gene cluster, and they are responsible for assembling the red-shifted PBS in H. hongdechloris grown under far-red light. In this study, the five apc genes located in the FaRLiP gene cluster were heterologously expressed in an Escherichia coli reconstitution system. The canonical APC-encoding genes were also constructed in the same system for comparison. Additionally, five annotated phycobiliprotein lyase-encoding genes (cpcS) from the H. hongdechloris genome were phylogenetically classified and experimentally tested for their catalytic properties including their contribution to the shifted absorption of PBS. Through analysis of recombinant proteins, we determined that the heterodimer of CpcS-I and CpcU are able to ligate a chromophore to the APC-α/APC-β subunits. We discuss some hypotheses towards understanding the roles of the specialised APC and contributions of PBP lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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23
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MacGregor-Chatwin C, Nürnberg DJ, Jackson PJ, Vasilev C, Hitchcock A, Ho MY, Shen G, Gisriel CJ, Wood WH, Mahbub M, Selinger VM, Johnson MP, Dickman MJ, Rutherford AW, Bryant DA, Hunter CN. Changes in supramolecular organization of cyanobacterial thylakoid membrane complexes in response to far-red light photoacclimation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj4437. [PMID: 35138895 PMCID: PMC8827656 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in nature and have developed numerous strategies that allow them to live in a diverse range of environments. Certain cyanobacteria synthesize chlorophylls d and f to acclimate to niches enriched in far-red light (FRL) and incorporate paralogous photosynthetic proteins into their photosynthetic apparatus in a process called FRL-induced photoacclimation (FaRLiP). We characterized the macromolecular changes involved in FRL-driven photosynthesis and used atomic force microscopy to examine the supramolecular organization of photosystem I associated with FaRLiP in three cyanobacterial species. Mass spectrometry showed the changes in the proteome of Chroococcidiopsis thermalis PCC 7203 that accompany FaRLiP. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and electron microscopy reveal an altered cellular distribution of photosystem complexes and illustrate the cell-to-cell variability of the FaRLiP response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis J. Nürnberg
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip J. Jackson
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Christopher J. Gisriel
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Moontaha Mahbub
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Mark J. Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Donald A. Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - C. Neil Hunter
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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24
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Golub M, Lokstein H, Soloviov D, Kuklin A, Wieland DCF, Pieper J. Light-Harvesting Complex II Adopts Different Quaternary Structures in Solution as Observed Using Small-Angle Scattering. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1258-1265. [PMID: 35089716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high-resolution crystal structure of the trimeric major light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) is often perceived as the basis for understanding its light-harvesting and photoprotective functions. However, the LHCII solution structure and its oligomerization or aggregation state may generally differ from the crystal structure and, moreover, also depend on its functional state. In this regard, small-angle scattering experiments provide the missing link by offering structural information in aqueous solution at physiological temperatures. Herein, we use small-angle scattering to investigate the solution structures of two different preparations of solubilized LHCII employing the nonionic detergents n-octyl-β-d-glucoside (OG) and n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (β-DM). The data reveal that the LHCII-OG complex is equivalent to the trimeric crystal structure. Remarkably, however, we observe─for the first time─a stable oligomer composed of three LHCII trimers in the case of the LHCII-β-DM preparation, implying additional pigment-pigment interactions. The latter complex is assumed to mimic trimer-trimer interactions which play an important role in the context of photoprotective nonphotochemical quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Golub
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro Soloviov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie str. 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants NAS of Ukraine, Lysogirska str. 12, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Kuklin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie str. 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - D C Florian Wieland
- Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute for Materials Research, Department for Metallic Biomaterials, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jörg Pieper
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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25
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Gisriel CJ, Shen G, Ho MY, Kurashov V, Flesher DA, Wang J, Armstrong WH, Golbeck JH, Gunner MR, Vinyard DJ, Debus RJ, Brudvig GW, Bryant DA. Structure of a monomeric photosystem II core complex from a cyanobacterium acclimated to far-red light reveals the functions of chlorophylls d and f. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101424. [PMID: 34801554 PMCID: PMC8689208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Far-red light (FRL) photoacclimation in cyanobacteria provides a selective growth advantage for some terrestrial cyanobacteria by expanding the range of photosynthetically active radiation to include far-red/near-infrared light (700-800 nm). During this photoacclimation process, photosystem II (PSII), the water:plastoquinone photooxidoreductase involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, is modified. The resulting FRL-PSII is comprised of FRL-specific core subunits and binds chlorophyll (Chl) d and Chl f molecules in place of several of the Chl a molecules found when cells are grown in visible light. These new Chls effectively lower the energy canonically thought to define the "red limit" for light required to drive photochemical catalysis of water oxidation. Changes to the architecture of FRL-PSII were previously unknown, and the positions of Chl d and Chl f molecules had only been proposed from indirect evidence. Here, we describe the 2.25 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of a monomeric FRL-PSII core complex from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335 cells that were acclimated to FRL. We identify one Chl d molecule in the ChlD1 position of the electron transfer chain and four Chl f molecules in the core antenna. We also make observations that enhance our understanding of PSII biogenesis, especially on the acceptor side of the complex where a bicarbonate molecule is replaced by a glutamate side chain in the absence of the assembly factor Psb28. In conclusion, these results provide a structural basis for the lower energy limit required to drive water oxidation, which is the gateway for most solar energy utilization on earth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Intercollege Graduate Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vasily Kurashov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A Flesher
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jimin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marilyn R Gunner
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - David J Vinyard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Richard J Debus
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Intercollege Graduate Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Phycobilisomes (PBSs) are extremely large chromophore-protein complexes on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane in cyanobacteria and red algae. The main function of PBSs is light harvesting, and they serve as antennas and transfer the absorbed energy to the reaction centers of two photosynthetic systems (photosystems I and II). PBSs are composed of phycobiliproteins and linker proteins. How phycobiliproteins and linkers are organized in PBSs and how light energy is efficiently harvested and transferred in PBSs are the fundamental questions in the study of photosynthesis. In this review, the structures of the red algae Griffithsia pacifica and Porphyridium purpureum are discussed in detail, along with the functions of linker proteins in phycobiliprotein assembly and in fine-tuning the energy state of chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Fang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
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27
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Gwizdala M, Lebre PH, Maggs-Kölling G, Marais E, Cowan DA, Krüger TPJ. Sub-lithic photosynthesis in hot desert habitats. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:3867-3880. [PMID: 33817951 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In hyper-arid soil environments, photosynthetic microorganisms are largely restricted to hypolithic (sub-lithic) habitats: i.e., on the ventral surfaces of translucent pebbles in desert pavements. Here, we combined fluorometric, spectroscopic, biochemical and metagenomic approaches to investigate in situ the light transmission properties of quartz stones in the Namib Desert, and assess the photosynthetic activity of the underlying hypolithic cyanobacterial biofilms. Quartz pebbles greatly reduced the total photon flux to the ventral surface biofilms and filtered out primarily the short wavelength portion of the solar spectrum. Chlorophylls d and f were not detected in biofilm pigment extracts; however, hypolithic cyanobacterial communities showed some evidence of adaptation to sub-lithic conditions, including the prevalence of genes encoding Helical Carotenoid Proteins, which are associated with desiccation stress. Under water-saturated conditions, hypolithic communities showed no evidence of light stress, even when the quartz stones were exposed to full midday sunlight. This initial study creates a foundation for future in-situ and laboratory exploration of various adaptation mechanisms employed by photosynthetic organisms forming hypolithic microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Gwizdala
- Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.,Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Pedro H Lebre
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | | | - Eugene Marais
- Gobabeb-Namib Research Institute, Walvis Bay, Namibia
| | - Don A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Tjaart P J Krüger
- Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.,Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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28
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Jakubauskas D, Mortensen K, Jensen PE, Kirkensgaard JJK. Small-Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering on Photosynthetic Membranes. Front Chem 2021; 9:631370. [PMID: 33954157 PMCID: PMC8090863 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.631370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrastructural membrane arrangements in living cells and their dynamic remodeling in response to environmental changes remain an area of active research but are also subject to large uncertainty. The use of noninvasive methods such as X-ray and neutron scattering provides an attractive complimentary source of information to direct imaging because in vivo systems can be probed in near-natural conditions. However, without solid underlying structural modeling to properly interpret the indirect information extracted, scattering provides at best qualitative information and at worst direct misinterpretations. Here we review the current state of small-angle scattering applied to photosynthetic membrane systems with particular focus on data interpretation and modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainius Jakubauskas
- X-ray and Neutron Science, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kell Mortensen
- X-ray and Neutron Science, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob J. K. Kirkensgaard
- X-ray and Neutron Science, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Li M, Du M, Sun R, Zhang W, Hou Y, Li Y. Application of a 2D-QSAR with a sine normalization method for the biodegradation of fluoroquinolones to poison cyanobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11302-11316. [PMID: 33118068 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic autotrophic aquatic prokaryotes. One of the methods for controlling cyanobacterial blooms is to destroy the phycobiliproteins required for photosynthesis. In this study, to improve the biodegradation of the fluoroquinolones through inhibit cyanobacteria, the molecular docking scores of 32 fluoroquinolones (FQs) with four categories of phycobiliproteins from cyanobacteria were calculated after sine normalization to characterize the binding ability between them. A two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR) model was constructed based on the comprehensive scores. Danofloxacin (DAN) with the highest comprehensive score was chosen for molecular modification. When docking with four categories of phycobiliproteins from cyanobacteria, the docking values of DAN-11 and DAN-16 were increased up to 35.75%. Moreover, their functional characteristics and environmentally friendly predictive values were improved. When the DAN-11 and DAN-16 molecules docked with the other cyanobacterial phycobiliproteins, indicating that the designed DAN derivatives had general applicability to poison cyanobacteria, the weak interaction forces might increase the binding ability between the DAN derivatives and the receptor phycobiliprotein compared with the target molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Li
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Meijin Du
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ruihao Sun
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yilin Hou
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu Li
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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30
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Soulier N, Bryant DA. The structural basis of far-red light absorbance by allophycocyanins. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:11-26. [PMID: 33058014 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phycobilisomes (PBS), the major light-harvesting antenna in cyanobacteria, are supramolecular complexes of colorless linkers and heterodimeric, pigment-binding phycobiliproteins. Phycocyanin and phycoerythrin commonly comprise peripheral rods, and a multi-cylindrical core is principally assembled from allophycocyanin (AP). Each AP subunit binds one phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore, a linear tetrapyrrole that predominantly absorbs in the orange-red region of the visible spectrum (600-700 nm). AP facilitates excitation energy transfer from PBS peripheral rods or from directly absorbed red light to accessory chlorophylls in the photosystems. Paralogous forms of AP that bind PCB and are capable of absorbing far-red light (FRL; 700-800 nm) have recently been identified in organisms performing two types of photoacclimation: FRL photoacclimation (FaRLiP) and low-light photoacclimation (LoLiP). The FRL-absorbing AP (FRL-AP) from the thermophilic LoLiP strain Synechococcus sp. A1463 was chosen as a platform for site-specific mutagenesis to probe the structural differences between APs that absorb in the visible region and FRL-APs and to identify residues essential for the FRL absorbance phenotype. Conversely, red light-absorbing allophycocyanin-B (AP-B; ~ 670 nm) from the same organism was used as a platform for creating a FRL-AP. We demonstrate that the protein environment immediately surrounding pyrrole ring A of PCB on the alpha subunit is mostly responsible for the FRL absorbance of FRL-APs. We also show that interactions between PCBs bound to alpha and beta subunits of adjacent protomers in trimeric AP complexes are responsible for a large bathochromic shift of about ~ 20 nm and notable sharpening of the long-wavelength absorbance band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Soulier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
- S-002 Frear Laboratory, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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31
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32
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Golub M, Hussein R, Ibrahim M, Hecht M, Wieland DCF, Martel A, Machado B, Zouni A, Pieper J. Solution Structure of the Detergent-Photosystem II Core Complex Investigated by Small-Angle Scattering Techniques. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8583-8592. [PMID: 32816484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Albeit achieving the X-ray diffraction structure of dimeric photosystem II core complexes (dPSIIcc) at the atomic resolution, the nature of the detergent belt surrounding dPSIIcc remains ambiguous. Therefore, the solution structure of the whole detergent-protein complex of dPSIIcc of Thermosynechococcus elongatus (T. elongatus) solubilized in n-dodecyl-ß-d-maltoside (ßDM) was investigated by a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation. First, the structure of dPSIIcc was studied separately in SANS experiments using a contrast of 5% D2O. Guinier analysis reveals that the dPSIIcc solution is virtually free of aggregation in the studied concentration range of 2-10 mg/mL dPSIIcc, and characterized by a radius of gyration of 62 Å. A structure reconstitution shows that dPSIIcc in buffer solution widely retains the crystal structure reported by X-ray free electron laser studies at room temperature with a slight expansion of the entire protein. Additional SANS experiments on dPSIIcc samples in a buffer solution containing 75% D2O provide information about the size and shape of the whole detergent-dPSIIcc. The maximum position of P(r) function increases to 68 Å, i.e., it is about 6 Å larger than that of dPSIIcc only, thus indicating the presence of an additional structure. Thus, it can be concluded that dPSIIcc is surrounded by a monomolecular belt of detergent molecules under appropriate solubilization conditions. The homogeneity of the ßDM-dPSIIcc solutions was also verified using dynamic light scattering. Complementary SAXS experiments indicate the presence of unbound detergent micelles by a separate peak consistent with a spherical shape possessing a radius of about 40 Å. The latter structure also contributes to the SANS data but rather broadens the SANS curve artificially. Without the simultaneous inspection of SANS and SAXS data, this effect may lead to an apparent underestimation of the size of the PS II-detergent complex. The formation of larger unbound detergent aggregates in solution prior to crystallization may have a significant effect on the crystal formation or quality of the ßDM-dPSIIcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Golub
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rana Hussein
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philipp Str. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philipp Str. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Hecht
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Anne Martel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Barbara Machado
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Athina Zouni
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philipp Str. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Pieper
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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33
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Soulier N, Laremore TN, Bryant DA. Characterization of cyanobacterial allophycocyanins absorbing far-red light. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 145:189-207. [PMID: 32710194 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are pigment proteins that comprise phycobilisomes (PBS), major light-harvesting antenna complexes of cyanobacteria and red algae. PBS core substructures are made up of allophycocyanins (APs), a subfamily of PBPs. Five paralogous AP subunits are encoded by the Far-Red Light Photoacclimation (FaRLiP) gene cluster, which is transcriptionally activated in cells grown in far-red light (FRL; λ = 700 to 800 nm). FaRLiP gene expression enables some terrestrial cyanobacteria to remodel their PBS and photosystems and perform oxygenic photosynthesis in far-red light (FRL). Paralogous AP genes encoding a putative, FRL-absorbing AP (FRL-AP) are also found in an operon associated with improved low-light growth (LL; < 50 μmol photons m-2 s-1) in some thermophilic Synechococcus spp., a phenomenon termed low-light photoacclimation (LoLiP). In this study, apc genes from FaRLiP and LoLiP gene clusters were heterologously expressed individually and in combinations in Escherichia coli. The resulting novel FRL-APs were characterized and identified as major contributors to the FRL absorbance observed in whole cells after FaRLiP and potentially LoLiP. Post-translational modifications of native FRL-APs from FaRLiP cyanobacterium, Leptolyngbya sp. strain JSC-1, were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The PBP complexes made in two FaRLiP organisms were compared, revealing strain-specific diversity in the FaRLiP responses of cyanobacteria. Through analyses of native and recombinant proteins, we improved our understanding of how different cyanobacterial strains utilize specialized APs to acclimate to FRL and LL. We discuss some insights into structural changes that may allow these APs to absorb longer light wavelengths than their visible-light-absorbing paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Soulier
- S-002 Frear Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tatiana N Laremore
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Huck Institute for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- S-002 Frear Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
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34
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Mascoli V, Bersanini L, Croce R. Far-red absorption and light-use efficiency trade-offs in chlorophyll f photosynthesis. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1044-1053. [PMID: 32661277 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants and cyanobacteria use the chlorophylls embedded in their photosystems to absorb photons and perform charge separation, the first step of converting solar energy to chemical energy. While oxygenic photosynthesis is primarily based on chlorophyll a photochemistry, which is powered by red light, a few cyanobacterial species can harness less energetic photons when growing in far-red light. Acclimatization to far-red light involves the incorporation of a small number of molecules of red-shifted chlorophyll f in the photosystems, whereas the most abundant pigment remains chlorophyll a. Due to its different energetics, chlorophyll f is expected to alter the excited-state dynamics of the photosynthetic units and, ultimately, their performances. Here we combined time-resolved fluorescence measurements on intact cells and isolated complexes to show that chlorophyll f insertion slows down the overall energy trapping in both photosystems. While this marginally affects the efficiency of photosystem I, it substantially decreases that of photosystem II. Nevertheless, we show that despite the lower energy output, the insertion of red-shifted chlorophylls in the photosystems remains advantageous in environments that are enriched in far-red light and therefore represents a viable strategy for extending the photosynthetically active spectrum in other organisms, including plants. However, careful design of the new photosynthetic units will be required to preserve their efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mascoli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Bersanini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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35
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Gisriel CJ, Wang J, Brudvig GW, Bryant DA. Opportunities and challenges for assigning cofactors in cryo-EM density maps of chlorophyll-containing proteins. Commun Biol 2020; 3:408. [PMID: 32733087 PMCID: PMC7393486 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate assignment of cofactors in cryo-electron microscopy maps is crucial in determining protein function. This is particularly true for chlorophylls (Chls), for which small structural differences lead to important functional differences. Recent cryo-electron microscopy structures of Chl-containing protein complexes exemplify the difficulties in distinguishing Chl b and Chl f from Chl a. We use these structures as examples to discuss general issues arising from local resolution differences, properties of electrostatic potential maps, and the chemical environment which must be considered to make accurate assignments. We offer suggestions for how to improve the reliability of such assignments. In this Perspective, Christopher Gisriel et al. discuss the challenges in accurate assignment of co-factors in cryo-EM, particularly for chlorophylls. They explore the factors that lead to misassignment and offer suggestions for improving reliability of cryo-EM-based assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jimin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
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36
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Pinevich AV. Chloroplast history clarified by the criterion of light-harvesting complex. Biosystems 2020; 196:104173. [PMID: 32534171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial essence of mitochondria and chloroplasts was initially proclaimed in general outline. Later, the remarkable insight gave way to an elaborate hypothesis. Finally, it took shape of a theory confirmed by molecular biology data. In particular, the rrn operon, which is the key phylogeny marker, locates chloroplasts on the tree of Cyanobacteria. Chloroplast ancestry and diversity can be also traced with the rpoС and psbA genes, rbc operon, and other molecular criteria of prime importance. Another criterion, also highly reliable, is light-harvesting complex (LHC). LHC pigment and protein moieties specify light acclimation strategies in evolutionary retrospect and modern biosphere. The onset of symbiosis between eukaryotic host and pre-chloroplast, as well as further mutual adjustment of partners depended on physiological competence of LHC. In this review, the criterion of LHC is applied to the origin and diversity of chloroplasts. In particular, ancient cyanobacterium possessing tandem antenna (encoded by the cbp genes and the pbp genes, correspondingly), and defined as a prochlorophyte, is argued to be chloroplast ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Pinevich
- St. Petersburg State University, Department of Microbiology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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37
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Global distribution of a chlorophyll f cyanobacterial marker. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2275-2287. [PMID: 32457503 PMCID: PMC7608106 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Some cyanobacteria use light outside the visible spectrum for oxygenic photosynthesis. The far-red light (FRL) region is made accessible through a complex acclimation process that involves the formation of new phycobilisomes and photosystems containing chlorophyll f. Diverse cyanobacteria ranging from unicellular to branched-filamentous forms show this response. These organisms have been isolated from shaded environments such as microbial mats, soil, rock, and stromatolites. However, the full spread of chlorophyll f-containing species in nature is still unknown. Currently, discovering new chlorophyll f cyanobacteria involves lengthy incubation times under selective far-red light. We have used a marker gene to detect chlorophyll f organisms in environmental samples and metagenomic data. This marker, apcE2, encodes a phycobilisome linker associated with FRL-photosynthesis. By focusing on a far-red motif within the sequence, degenerate PCR and BLAST searches can effectively discriminate against the normal chlorophyll a-associated apcE. Even short recovered sequences carry enough information for phylogenetic placement. Markers of chlorophyll f photosynthesis were found in metagenomic datasets from diverse environments around the globe, including cyanobacterial symbionts, hypersaline lakes, corals, and the Arctic/Antarctic regions. This additional information enabled higher phylogenetic resolution supporting the hypothesis that vertical descent, as opposed to horizontal gene transfer, is largely responsible for this phenotype’s distribution.
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38
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Sanfilippo JE, Garczarek L, Partensky F, Kehoe DM. Chromatic Acclimation in Cyanobacteria: A Diverse and Widespread Process for Optimizing Photosynthesis. Annu Rev Microbiol 2020; 73:407-433. [PMID: 31500538 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-115738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromatic acclimation (CA) encompasses a diverse set of molecular processes that involve the ability of cyanobacterial cells to sense ambient light colors and use this information to optimize photosynthetic light harvesting. The six known types of CA, which we propose naming CA1 through CA6, use a range of molecular mechanisms that likely evolved independently in distantly related lineages of the Cyanobacteria phylum. Together, these processes sense and respond to the majority of the photosynthetically relevant solar spectrum, suggesting that CA provides fitness advantages across a broad range of light color niches. The recent discoveries of several new CA types suggest that additional CA systems involving additional light colors and molecular mechanisms will be revealed in coming years. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the currently known types of CA and summarize the molecular details that underpin CA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Sanfilippo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA;
| | - Laurence Garczarek
- Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS UMR 7144, Sorbonne Université, 29680 Roscoff, France; ,
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS UMR 7144, Sorbonne Université, 29680 Roscoff, France; ,
| | - David M Kehoe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA;
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Betterle N, Hidalgo Martinez D, Melis A. Cyanobacterial Production of Biopharmaceutical and Biotherapeutic Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:237. [PMID: 32194609 PMCID: PMC7062967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to express human therapeutic proteins in photosynthetic organisms have been described in the literature. Regarding microalgae, most of the research entailed a heterologous transformation of the chloroplast, but transformant cells failed to accumulate the desired recombinant proteins in high quantity. The present work provides methods and DNA construct formulations for over-expressing in photosynthetic cyanobacteria, at the protein level, human-origin bio-pharmaceutical and bio-therapeutic proteins. Proof-of-concept evidence is provided for the design and reduction to practice of "fusion constructs as protein overexpression vectors" for the generation of the bio-therapeutic protein interferon alpha-2 (IFN). IFN is a member of the Type I interferon cytokine family, well-known for its antiviral and anti-proliferative functions. Fusion construct formulations enabled accumulation of IFN up to 12% of total cellular protein in soluble form. In addition, the work reports on the isolation and purification of the fusion IFN protein and preliminary verification of its antiviral activity. Combining the expression and purification protocols developed here, it is possible to produce fairly large quantities of interferon in these photosynthetic microorganisms, generated from sunlight, CO2, and H2O.
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Dagnino-Leone J, Figueroa M, Uribe E, Hinrichs MV, Ortiz-López D, Martínez-Oyanedel J, Bunster M. Biosynthesis and characterization of a recombinant eukaryotic allophycocyanin using prokaryotic accessory enzymes. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e989. [PMID: 31970933 PMCID: PMC7066465 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are colored fluorescent proteins present in cyanobacteria, red alga, and cryptophyta. These proteins have many potential uses in biotechnology going from food colorants to medical applications. Allophycocyanin, the simplest PBP, is a heterodimer of αβ subunits that oligomerizes as a trimer (αβ)3. Each subunit contains a phycocyanobilin, bound to a cysteine residue, which is responsible for its spectroscopic properties. In this article, we are reporting the expression of recombinant allophycocyanin (rAPC) from the eukaryotic red algae Agarophyton chilensis in Escherichia coli, using prokaryotic accessory enzymes to obtain a fully functional rAPC. Three duet vectors were used to include coding sequences of α and β subunits from A. chilensis and accessorial enzymes (heterodimeric lyase cpc S/U, heme oxygenase 1, phycocyanobilin oxidoreductase) from cyanobacteria Arthrospira maxima. rAPC was purified using several chromatographic steps. The characterization of the pure rAPC indicates very similar spectroscopic properties, λmaxAbs, λmaxEm, fluorescence lifetime, and chromophorylation degree, with native allophycocyanin (nAPC) from A. chilensis. This method, to produce high‐quality recombinant allophycocyanin, can be used to express and characterize other macroalga phycobiliproteins, to be used for biotechnological or biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Dagnino-Leone
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Figueroa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Elena Uribe
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - María Victoria Hinrichs
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Diego Ortiz-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Martínez-Oyanedel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marta Bunster
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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41
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Bryant DA, Shen G, Turner GM, Soulier N, Laremore TN, Ho MY. Far-red light allophycocyanin subunits play a role in chlorophyll d accumulation in far-red light. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:81-95. [PMID: 31760552 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some terrestrial cyanobacteria acclimate to and utilize far-red light (FRL; λ = 700-800 nm) for oxygenic photosynthesis, a process known as far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP). A conserved, 20-gene FaRLiP cluster encodes core subunits of Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII), five phycobiliprotein subunits of FRL-bicylindrical cores, and enzymes for synthesis of chlorophyll (Chl) f and possibly Chl d. Deletion mutants for each of the five apc genes of the FaRLiP cluster were constructed in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335, and all had similar phenotypes. When the mutants were grown in white (WL) or red (RL) light, the cells closely resembled the wild-type (WT) strain grown under the same conditions. However, the WT and mutant strains were very different when grown under FRL. Mutants grown in FRL were unable to assemble FRL-bicylindrical cores, were essentially devoid of FRL-specific phycobiliproteins, but retained RL-type phycobilisomes and WL-PSII. The transcript levels for genes of the FaRLiP cluster in the mutants were similar to those in WT. Surprisingly, the Chl d contents of the mutant strains were greatly reduced (~ 60-99%) compared to WT and so were the levels of FRL-PSII. We infer that Chl d may be essential for the assembly of FRL-PSII, which does not accumulate to normal levels in the mutants. We further infer that the cysteine-rich subunits of FRL allophycocyanin may either directly participate in the synthesis of Chl d or that FRL bicylindrical cores stabilize FRL-PSII to prevent loss of Chl d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gavin M Turner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nathan Soulier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tatiana N Laremore
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Huck Institute for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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42
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Ultrastructural modeling of small angle scattering from photosynthetic membranes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19405. [PMID: 31852917 PMCID: PMC6920412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen a range of studies using non-invasive neutron and X-ray techniques to probe the ultrastructure of a variety of photosynthetic membrane systems. A common denominator in this work is the lack of an explicitly formulated underlying structural model, ultimately leading to ambiguity in the data interpretation. Here we formulate and implement a full mathematical model of the scattering from a stacked double bilayer membrane system taking instrumental resolution and polydispersity into account. We validate our model by direct simulation of scattering patterns from 3D structural models. Most importantly, we demonstrate that the full scattering curves from three structurally typical cyanobacterial thylakoid membrane systems measured in vivo can all be described within this framework. The model provides realistic estimates of key structural parameters in the thylakoid membrane, in particular the overall stacking distance and how this is divided between membranes, lumen and cytoplasmic liquid. Finally, from fitted scattering length densities it becomes clear that the protein content in the inner lumen has to be lower than in the outer cytoplasmic liquid and we extract the first quantitative measure of the luminal protein content in a living cyanobacteria.
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43
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Wolf BM, Blankenship RE. Far-red light acclimation in diverse oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:349-359. [PMID: 31222688 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis has historically been considered limited to be driven by the wavelengths of visible light. However, in the last few decades, various adaptations have been discovered that allow algae, cyanobacteria, and even plants to utilize longer wavelength light in the far-red spectral range. These adaptations provide distinct advantages to the species possessing them, allowing the effective utilization of shade light under highly filtered light environments. In prokaryotes, these adaptations include the production of far-red-absorbing chlorophylls d and f and the remodeling of phycobilisome antennas and reaction centers. Eukaryotes express specialized light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes that use interactions between pigments and their protein environment to spectrally tune the absorption of chlorophyll a. If these adaptations could be applied to crop plants, a potentially significant increase in photon utilization in lower shaded leaves could be realized, improving crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Wolf
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Golub M, Moldenhauer M, Schmitt FJ, Feoktystov A, Mändar H, Maksimov E, Friedrich T, Pieper J. Solution Structure and Conformational Flexibility in the Active State of the Orange Carotenoid Protein: Part I. Small-Angle Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9525-9535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Golub
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marcus Moldenhauer
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Schmitt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artem Feoktystov
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hugo Mändar
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eugene Maksimov
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Pieper
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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45
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Mancini JA, Sheehan M, Kodali G, Chow BY, Bryant DA, Dutton PL, Moser CC. De novo synthetic biliprotein design, assembly and excitation energy transfer. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2018.0021. [PMID: 29618529 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilins are linear tetrapyrrole chromophores with a wide range of visible and near-visible light absorption and emission properties. These properties are tuned upon binding to natural proteins and exploited in photosynthetic light-harvesting and non-photosynthetic light-sensitive signalling. These pigmented proteins are now being manipulated to develop fluorescent experimental tools. To engineer the optical properties of bound bilins for specific applications more flexibly, we have used first principles of protein folding to design novel, stable and highly adaptable bilin-binding four-α-helix bundle protein frames, called maquettes, and explored the minimal requirements underlying covalent bilin ligation and conformational restriction responsible for the strong and variable absorption, fluorescence and excitation energy transfer of these proteins. Biliverdin, phycocyanobilin and phycoerythrobilin bind covalently to maquette Cys in vitro A blue-shifted tripyrrole formed from maquette-bound phycocyanobilin displays a quantum yield of 26%. Although unrelated in fold and sequence to natural phycobiliproteins, bilin lyases nevertheless interact with maquettes during co-expression in Escherichia coli to improve the efficiency of bilin binding and influence bilin structure. Bilins bind in vitro and in vivo to Cys residues placed in loops, towards the amino end or in the middle of helices but bind poorly at the carboxyl end of helices. Bilin-binding efficiency and fluorescence yield are improved by Arg and Asp residues adjacent to the ligating Cys on the same helix and by His residues on adjacent helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Mancini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Molly Sheehan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Goutham Kodali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Y Chow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - P Leslie Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher C Moser
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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46
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Ueno Y, Nagao R, Shen JR, Akimoto S. Spectral Properties and Excitation Relaxation of Novel Fucoxanthin Chlorophyll a/ c-Binding Protein Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5148-5152. [PMID: 31424938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (FCPs) are unique light harvesters for some photosynthetic organisms. There were several reports for the alterations of FCPs in response to light conditions. Here, we present the spectral profiles and excitation dynamics of novel FCP complexes isolated from the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis. Under a red-light condition, C. gracilis cells expressed three types of FCP complexes, two of which are very similar to FCP complexes found in the white-light grown cells, and one of which is the novel FCP complex. The combination of steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra and time-resolved fluorescence spectra revealed that, compared to other types of FCP complexes, the novel FCP complexes exhibited red-shifted absorption and fluorescence spectra and fast decay of excitation. This finding will provide new insights into not only the light-harvesting strategies of diatoms but also the diversity of light adaptation machinery for photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Ho MY, Niedzwiedzki DM, MacGregor-Chatwin C, Gerstenecker G, Hunter CN, Blankenship RE, Bryant DA. Extensive remodeling of the photosynthetic apparatus alters energy transfer among photosynthetic complexes when cyanobacteria acclimate to far-red light. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148064. [PMID: 31421078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Some cyanobacteria remodel their photosynthetic apparatus by a process known as Far-Red Light Photoacclimation (FaRLiP). Specific subunits of the phycobilisome (PBS), photosystem I (PSI), and photosystem II (PSII) complexes produced in visible light are replaced by paralogous subunits encoded within a conserved FaRLiP gene cluster when cells are grown in far-red light (FRL; λ = 700-800 nm). FRL-PSII complexes from the FaRLiP cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335, were purified and shown to contain Chl a, Chl d, Chl f, and pheophytin a, while FRL-PSI complexes contained only Chl a and Chl f. The spectroscopic properties of purified photosynthetic complexes from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335 were determined individually, and energy transfer kinetics among PBS, PSII, and PSI were analyzed by time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) spectroscopy. Direct energy transfer from PSII to PSI was observed in cells (and thylakoids) grown in red light (RL), and possible routes of energy transfer in both RL- and FRL-grown cells were inferred. Three structural arrangements for RL-PSI were observed by atomic force microscopy of thylakoid membranes, but only arrays of trimeric FRL-PSI were observed in thylakoids from FRL-grown cells. Cells grown in FRL synthesized the FRL-specific complexes but also continued to synthesize some PBS and PSII complexes identical to those produced in RL. Although the light-harvesting efficiency of photosynthetic complexes produced in FRL might be lower in white light than the complexes produced in cells acclimated to white light, the FRL-complexes provide cells with the flexibility to utilize both visible and FRL to support oxygenic photosynthesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Light harvesting, edited by Dr. Roberta Croce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Intercollege Graduate Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Gary Gerstenecker
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Intercollege Graduate Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
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48
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Kurashov V, Ho MY, Shen G, Piedl K, Laremore TN, Bryant DA, Golbeck JH. Energy transfer from chlorophyll f to the trapping center in naturally occurring and engineered Photosystem I complexes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:151-163. [PMID: 30710189 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Certain cyanobacteria can thrive in environments enriched in far-red light (700-800 nm) due to an acclimation process known as far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP). During FaRLiP, about 8% of the Chl a molecules in the photosystems are replaced by Chl f and a very small amount of Chl d. We investigated the spectroscopic properties of Photosystem I (PSI) complexes isolated from wild-type (WT) Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335 and a chlF mutant strain (lacking Chl f synthase) grown in white and far-red light (WL-PSI and FRL-PSI, respectively). WT-FRL-PSI complexes contain Chl f and Chl a but not Chl d. The light-minus dark difference spectrum of the trapping center at high spectral resolution indicates that the special pair in WT-FRL-PSI consists of Chl a molecules with maximum bleaching at 703-704 nm. The action spectrum for photobleaching of the special pair showed that Chl f molecules absorbing at wavelengths up to 800 nm efficiently transfer energy to the trapping center in FRL-PSI complexes to produce a charge-separated state. This is ~ 50 nm further into the near IR than WL-PSI; Chl f has a quantum yield equivalent to that of Chl a in the antenna, i.e., ~ 1.0. PSI complexes from Synechococcus 7002 carrying 3.8 Chl f molecules could promote photobleaching of the special pair by energy transfer at wavelengths longer than WT PSI complexes. Results from these latter studies are directly relevant to the issue of whether introduction of Chl f synthase into plants could expand the wavelength range available for oxygenic photosynthesis in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Kurashov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Karla Piedl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tatiana N Laremore
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- 328 South Frear Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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49
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Shen G, Canniffe DP, Ho MY, Kurashov V, van der Est A, Golbeck JH, Bryant DA. Characterization of chlorophyll f synthase heterologously produced in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:77-92. [PMID: 30607859 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-00610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In diverse terrestrial cyanobacteria, Far-Red Light Photoacclimation (FaRLiP) promotes extensive remodeling of the photosynthetic apparatus, including photosystems (PS)I and PSII and the cores of phycobilisomes, and is accompanied by the concomitant biosynthesis of chlorophyll (Chl) d and Chl f. Chl f synthase, encoded by chlF, is a highly divergent paralog of psbA; heterologous expression of chlF from Chlorogloeopsis fritscii PCC 9212 led to the light-dependent production of Chl f in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (Ho et al., Science 353, aaf9178 (2016)). In the studies reported here, expression of the chlF gene from Fischerella thermalis PCC 7521 in the heterologous system led to enhanced synthesis of Chl f. N-terminally [His]10-tagged ChlF7521 was purified and identified by immunoblotting and tryptic-peptide mass fingerprinting. As predicted from its sequence similarity to PsbA, ChlF bound Chl a and pheophytin a at a ratio of ~ 3-4:1, bound β-carotene and zeaxanthin, and was inhibited in vivo by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Cross-linking studies and the absence of copurifying proteins indicated that ChlF forms homodimers. Flash photolysis of ChlF produced a Chl a triplet that decayed with a lifetime (1/e) of ~ 817 µs and that could be attributed to intersystem crossing by EPR spectroscopy at 90 K. When the chlF7521 gene was expressed in a strain in which the psbD1 and psbD2 genes had been deleted, significantly more Chl f was produced, and Chl f levels could be further enhanced by specific growth-light conditions. Chl f synthesized in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was inserted into trimeric PSI complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daniel P Canniffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Vasily Kurashov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
- S-002 Frear Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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50
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Ho MY, Bryant DA. Global Transcriptional Profiling of the Cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii PCC 9212 in Far-Red Light: Insights Into the Regulation of Chlorophyll d Synthesis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:465. [PMID: 30918500 PMCID: PMC6424891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Some terrestrial cyanobacteria can acclimate to and then utilize far-red light (FRL; λ = 700–800 nm) to perform oxygenic photosynthesis through a process called Far-Red Light Photoacclimation (FaRLiP). During FaRLiP, cells synthesize chlorophylls (Chl) d and Chl f and extensively remodel their photosynthetic apparatus by modifying core subunits of photosystem (PS)I, PSII, and the phycobilisome (PBS). Three regulatory proteins, RfpA, RfpB, and RfpC, are encoded in the FaRLiP gene cluster; they sense FRL and control the synthesis of Chl f and expression of the FaRLiP gene cluster. It was previously uncertain if Chl d synthesis and other physiological and metabolic changes to FRL are regulated by RfpABC. In this study we show that Chl d synthesis is regulated by RfpABC; however, most other transcriptional changes leading to the FRL physiological state are not regulated by RfpABC. Surprisingly, we show that erythromycin induces Chl d synthesis in vivo. Transcriptomic and pigment analyses indicate that thiol compounds and/or cysteine proteases could be involved in Chl d synthesis in FRL. We conclude that the protein(s) responsible for Chl d synthesis is/are probably encoded within the FaRLiP gene cluster. Transcriptional responses to FRL help cells to conserve and produce energy and reducing power to overcome implicit light limitation of photosynthesis during the initial acclimation process to FRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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