1
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Lacombe A, Scorrano L. The interplay between mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy: From a key homeostatic mechanism to a driver of pathology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 161-162:1-19. [PMID: 38430721 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The complex relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy illustrates how two cellular housekeeping processes are intimately linked, illuminating fundamental principles of cellular homeostasis and shedding light on disparate pathological conditions including several neurodegenerative disorders. Here we review the basic tenets of mitochondrial dynamics i.e., the concerted balance between fusion and fission of the organelle, and its interplay with macroautophagy and selective mitochondrial autophagy, also dubbed mitophagy, in the maintenance of mitochondrial quality control and ultimately in cell viability. We illustrate how conditions of altered mitochondrial dynamics reverberate on autophagy and vice versa. Finally, we illustrate how altered interplay between these two key cellular processes participates in the pathogenesis of human disorders affecting multiple organs and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lacombe
- Dept. of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Dept. of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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2
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Hines MR, Gomez-Contreras PC, Liman S, Wilson AM, Lu KJ, O'Neill JA, Fisher JS, Fredericks DC, Wagner BA, Buettner GR, Van Remmen H, Coleman MC. A reciprocal relationship between mitochondria and lipid peroxidation determines the chondrocyte intracellular redox environment. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103306. [PMID: 39133964 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In orthopedic research, many studies have applied vitamin E as a protective antioxidant or used tert-butyl hydroperoxide to induce oxidative injury to chondrocytes. These studies often support the hypothesis that joint pathology causes oxidative stress and increased lipid peroxidation that might be prevented with lipid antioxidants to improve cell survival or function and joint health; however, lipid antioxidant supplementation was ineffective against osteoarthritis in clinical trials and animal data have been equivocal. Moreover, increased circulating vitamin E is associated with increased rates of osteoarthritis. This disconnect between benchtop and clinical results led us to hypothesize that oxidative stress-driven paradigms of chondrocyte redox function do not capture the metabolic and physiologic effects of lipid antioxidants and prooxidants on articular chondrocytes. We used ex vivo and in vivo cartilage models to investigate the effect of lipid antioxidants on healthy, primary, articular chondrocytes and applied immuno-spin trapping techniques to provide a broad indicator of high levels of oxidative stress independent of specific reactive oxygen species. Key findings demonstrate lipid antioxidants were pro-mitochondrial while lipid prooxidants decreased mitochondrial measures. In the absence of injury, radical formation was increased by lipid antioxidants; however, in the presence of injury, radical formation was decreased. In unstressed conditions, this relationship between chondrocyte mitochondria and redox regulation was reproduced in vivo with overexpression of glutathione peroxidase 4. In mice aged 18 months or more, overexpression of glutathione peroxidase 4 significantly decreased the presence of pro-mitochondrial peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma and deranged the relationship between mitochondria and the redox environment. This complex interaction suggests strategies targeting articular cartilage may benefit from adopting more nuanced paradigms of articular chondrocyte redox metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kevin J Lu
- The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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3
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Wang Y, Yue F. FAM210A: An emerging regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis. Bioessays 2024:e2400090. [PMID: 39159484 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis serves as a cornerstone of cellular function, orchestrating a delicate balance between energy production, redox status, and cellular signaling transduction. This equilibrium involves a myriad of interconnected processes, including mitochondrial dynamics, quality control mechanisms, and biogenesis and degradation. Perturbations in mitochondrial homeostasis have been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndromes, and aging-related disorders. In the past decades, the discovery of numerous mitochondrial proteins and signaling has led to a more complete understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying mitochondrial homeostasis. Recent studies have revealed that Family with sequence similarity 210 member A (FAM210A) is a novel nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein involved in multiple aspects of mitochondrial homeostasis, including mitochondrial quality control, dynamics, cristae remodeling, metabolism, and proteostasis. Here, we review the function and physiological role of FAM210A in cellular and organismal health. This review discusses how FAM210A acts as a regulator on mitochondrial inner membrane to coordinate mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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4
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Lancaster NM, Sinitcyn P, Forny P, Peters-Clarke TM, Fecher C, Smith AJ, Shishkova E, Arrey TN, Pashkova A, Robinson ML, Arp N, Fan J, Hansen J, Galmozzi A, Serrano LR, Rojas J, Gasch AP, Westphall MS, Stewart H, Hock C, Damoc E, Pagliarini DJ, Zabrouskov V, Coon JJ. Fast and deep phosphoproteome analysis with the Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7016. [PMID: 39147754 PMCID: PMC11327265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to its roles in cellular signal transduction, protein phosphorylation plays critical roles in myriad cell processes. That said, detecting and quantifying protein phosphorylation has remained a challenge. We describe the use of a novel mass spectrometer (Orbitrap Astral) coupled with data-independent acquisition (DIA) to achieve rapid and deep analysis of human and mouse phosphoproteomes. With this method, we map approximately 30,000 unique human phosphorylation sites within a half-hour of data collection. The technology is benchmarked to other state-of-the-art MS platforms using both synthetic peptide standards and with EGF-stimulated HeLa cells. We apply this approach to generate a phosphoproteome multi-tissue atlas of the mouse. Altogether, we detect 81,120 unique phosphorylation sites within 12 hours of measurement. With this unique dataset, we examine the sequence, structural, and kinase specificity context of protein phosphorylation. Finally, we highlight the discovery potential of this resource with multiple examples of phosphorylation events relevant to mitochondrial and brain biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Patrick Forny
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Trenton M Peters-Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Caroline Fecher
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Anna Pashkova
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) GmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | - Margaret Lea Robinson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas Arp
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Juli Hansen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrea Galmozzi
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lia R Serrano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie Rojas
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Audrey P Gasch
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael S Westphall
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Eugen Damoc
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) GmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI, USA.
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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5
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Ghani M, Szabó B, Alkhatibe M, Amsalu H, Zohar P, Janka EA, Mótyán JA, Tar K. Serine 39 in the GTP-binding domain of Drp1 is involved in shaping mitochondrial morphology. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:1147-1165. [PMID: 38760979 PMCID: PMC11216946 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous fusion and fission are critical for mitochondrial health. In this study, we further characterize the role played by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in mitochondrial fission. We show that a single amino acid change in Drp1 at position 39 from serine to alanine (S39A) within the GTP-binding (GTPase) domain results in a fused mitochondrial network in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of Ser-616 and Ser-637 of Drp1 remains unaffected by the S39A mutation, and mitochondrial bioenergetic profile and cell viability in the S39A mutant were comparable to those observed in the control. This leads us to propose that the serine 39 residue of Drp1 plays a crucial role in mitochondrial distribution through its involvement in the GTPase activity. Furthermore, this amino acid mutation leads to structural anomalies in the mitochondrial network. Taken together, our results contribute to a better understanding of the function of the Drp1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvi Ghani
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - Bernadett Szabó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - Mahmoud Alkhatibe
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - Hailemariam Amsalu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - Peleg Zohar
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - Eszter Anna Janka
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
- HUN‐REN‐UD Allergology Research GroupUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - János András Mótyán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - Krisztina Tar
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
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6
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Amore G, Romagnoli M, Carbonelli M, Cascavilla ML, De Negri AM, Carta A, Parisi V, Di Renzo A, Schiavi C, Lenzetti C, Zenesini C, Ormanbekova D, Palombo F, Fiorini C, Caporali L, Carelli V, Barboni P, La Morgia C. AFG3L2 and ACO2-Linked Dominant Optic Atrophy: Genotype-Phenotype Characterization Compared to OPA1 Patients. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 262:114-124. [PMID: 38278202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heterozygous mutations in the AFG3L2 gene (encoding a mitochondrial protease indirectly reflecting on OPA1 cleavage) and ACO2 gene (encoding the mitochondrial enzyme aconitase) are associated with isolated forms of Dominant Optic Atrophy (DOA). We aimed at describing their neuro-ophthalmological phenotype as compared with classic OPA1-related DOA. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS The following neuro-ophthalmological parameters were collected: logMAR visual acuity (VA), color vision, mean deviation and foveal threshold at visual fields, average and sectorial retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness on optical coherence tomography. ACO2 and AFG3L2 patients were compared with an age- and sex-matched group of OPA1 patients with a 1:2 ratio. All eyes were analyzed using a clustered Wilcoxon rank sum test with the Rosner-Glynn-Lee method. RESULTS A total of 44 eyes from 23 ACO2 patients and 26 eyes from 13 AFG3L2 patients were compared with 143 eyes from 72 OPA1 patients. All cases presented with bilateral temporal-predominant optic atrophy with various degree of visual impairment. Comparison between AFG3L2 and OPA1 failed to reveal any significant difference. ACO2 patients compared to both AFG3L2 and OPA1 presented overall higher values of nasal RNFL thickness (P = .029, P = .023), average thickness (P = .012, P = .0007), and sectorial GCL thickness. These results were confirmed also comparing separately affected and subclinical patients. CONCLUSIONS Clinically, DOA remains a fairly homogeneous entity despite the growing genetic heterogeneity. ACO2 seems to be associated with an overall better preservation of retinal ganglion cells, probably depending on the different pathogenic mechanism involving mtDNA maintenance, as opposed to AFG3L2, which is involved in OPA1 processing and is virtually indistinguishable from classic OPA1-DOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Amore
- From the Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (G.A., M.C., V.C., C.L.M.), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Ophthalmology Unit (G.A., C.S.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Martina Romagnoli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (M.R., D.O., F.P., C.F.L.C.V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Carbonelli
- From the Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (G.A., M.C., V.C., C.L.M.), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Cascavilla
- Department of Ophthalmology (M.L.C., P.B.), University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Arturo Carta
- Ophthalmology Unit (A.C.), University Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Costantino Schiavi
- Ophthalmology Unit (G.A., C.S.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Lenzetti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (C.L.), Eye Clinic, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Zenesini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (C.Z.), Unità di Epidemiologia e Statistica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Danara Ormanbekova
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (M.R., D.O., F.P., C.F.L.C.V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Palombo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (M.R., D.O., F.P., C.F.L.C.V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Fiorini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (M.R., D.O., F.P., C.F.L.C.V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (M.R., D.O., F.P., C.F.L.C.V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- From the Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (G.A., M.C., V.C., C.L.M.), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (M.R., D.O., F.P., C.F.L.C.V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Barboni
- Department of Ophthalmology (M.L.C., P.B.), University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- From the Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (G.A., M.C., V.C., C.L.M.), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (C.L.M.), UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
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7
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Lhuissier C, Desquiret-Dumas V, Girona A, Alban J, Faure J, Cassereau J, Codron P, Lenaers G, Baris OR, Gueguen N, Chevrollier A. Mitochondrial F0F1-ATP synthase governs the induction of mitochondrial fission. iScience 2024; 27:109808. [PMID: 38741710 PMCID: PMC11089353 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics is a process that balances fusion and fission events, the latter providing a mechanism for segregating dysfunctional mitochondria. Fission is controlled by the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) cleavage, and DRP1 recruitment. It is thought that this process is closely linked to the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). However, we report here that MRC inhibition does not decrease ΔΨm nor increase fission, as evidenced by hyperconnected mitochondria. Conversely, blocking F0F1-ATP synthase activity induces fragmentation. We show that the F0F1-ATP synthase is sensing the inhibition of MRC activity by immediately promoting its reverse mode of action to hydrolyze matrix ATP and restoring ΔΨm, thus preventing fission. While this reverse mode is expected to be inhibited by the ATPase inhibitor ATPIF1, we show that this sensing is independent of this factor. We have unraveled an unexpected role of F0F1-ATP synthase in controlling the induction of fission by sensing and maintaining ΔΨm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Lhuissier
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anaïs Girona
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Jennifer Alban
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Justine Faure
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Julien Cassereau
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Codron
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Olivier R. Baris
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
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8
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Lancaster NM, Sinitcyn P, Forny P, Peters-Clarke TM, Fecher C, Smith AJ, Shishkova E, Arrey TN, Pashkova A, Robinson ML, Arp N, Fan J, Hansen J, Galmozzi A, Serrano LR, Rojas J, Gasch AP, Westphall MS, Stewart H, Hock C, Damoc E, Pagliarini DJ, Zabrouskov V, Coon JJ. Fast and Deep Phosphoproteome Analysis with the Orbitrap Astral Mass Spectrometer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.21.568149. [PMID: 38045259 PMCID: PMC10690147 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its roles in cellular signal transduction, protein phosphorylation plays critical roles in myriad cell processes. That said, detecting and quantifying protein phosphorylation has remained a challenge. We describe the use of a novel mass spectrometer (Orbitrap Astral) coupled with data-independent acquisition (DIA) to achieve rapid and deep analysis of human and mouse phosphoproteomes. With this method we map approximately 30,000 unique human phosphorylation sites within a half-hour of data collection. The technology was benchmarked to other state-of-the-art MS platforms using both synthetic peptide standards and with EGF-stimulated HeLa cells. We applied this approach to generate a phosphoproteome multi-tissue atlas of the mouse. Altogether, we detected 81,120 unique phosphorylation sites within 12 hours of measurement. With this unique dataset, we examine the sequence, structural, and kinase specificity context of protein phosphorylation. Finally, we highlight the discovery potential of this resource with multiple examples of novel phosphorylation events relevant to mitochondrial and brain biology.
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9
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Pokharel MD, Garcia-Flores A, Marciano D, Franco MC, Fineman JR, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Black SM. Mitochondrial network dynamics in pulmonary disease: Bridging the gap between inflammation, oxidative stress, and bioenergetics. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103049. [PMID: 38295575 PMCID: PMC10844980 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Once thought of in terms of bioenergetics, mitochondria are now widely accepted as both the orchestrator of cellular health and the gatekeeper of cell death. The pulmonary disease field has performed extensive efforts to explore the role of mitochondria in regulating inflammation, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. However, a critical component of these processes needs to be more studied: mitochondrial network dynamics. Mitochondria morphologically change in response to their environment to regulate these processes through fusion, fission, and mitophagy. This allows mitochondria to adapt their function to respond to cellular requirements, a critical component in maintaining cellular homeostasis. For that reason, mitochondrial network dynamics can be considered a bridge that brings multiple cellular processes together, revealing a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we discuss the critical modulators of mitochondrial dynamics and how they are affected in pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), acute lung injury (ALI), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A dysregulated mitochondrial network plays a crucial role in lung disease pathobiology, and aberrant fission/fusion/mitophagy pathways are druggable processes that warrant further exploration. Thus, we also discuss the candidates for lung disease therapeutics that regulate mitochondrial network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Pokharel
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Flores
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | - David Marciano
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Maria C Franco
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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10
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Filice M, Gattuso A, Imbrogno S, Mazza R, Amelio D, Caferro A, Agnisola C, Icardo JM, Cerra MC. Functional, structural, and molecular remodelling of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) heart under moderate hypoxia. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:667-685. [PMID: 38198074 PMCID: PMC11021278 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The goldfish (Carassius auratus) is known for its physiologic ability to survive even long periods of oxygen limitation (hypoxia), adapting the cardiac performance to the requirements of peripheral tissue perfusion. We here investigated the effects of short-term moderate hypoxia on the heart, focusing on ventricular adaptation, in terms of hemodynamics and structural traits. Functional evaluations revealed that animals exposed to 4 days of environmental hypoxia increased the hemodynamic performance evaluated on ex vivo cardiac preparations. This was associated with a thicker and more vascularized ventricular compact layer and a reduced luminal lacunary space. Compared to normoxic animals, ventricular cardiomyocytes of goldfish exposed to hypoxia showed an extended mitochondrial compartment and a modulation of proteins involved in mitochondria dynamics. The enhanced expression of the pro-fission markers DRP1 and OMA1, and the modulation of the short and long forms of OPA1, suggested a hypoxia-related mitochondria fission. Our data propose that under hypoxia, the goldfish heart undergoes a structural remodelling associated with a potentiated cardiac activity. The energy demand for the highly performant myocardium is supported by an increased number of mitochondria, likely occurring through fission events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Filice
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Alfonsina Gattuso
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Sandra Imbrogno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Rosa Mazza
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Daniela Amelio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Alessia Caferro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - José Manuel Icardo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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11
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Triolo M, Baker N, Agarwal S, Larionov N, Podinić T, Khacho M. Optic atrophy 1 mediates muscle differentiation by promoting a metabolic switch via the supercomplex assembly factor SCAF1. iScience 2024; 27:109164. [PMID: 38414856 PMCID: PMC10897915 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Myogenic differentiation is integral for the regeneration of skeletal muscle following tissue damage. Though high-energy post-mitotic muscle relies predominantly on mitochondrial respiration, the importance of mitochondrial remodeling in enabling muscle differentiation and the players involved are not fully known. Here we show that the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 is essential for muscle differentiation. Our study demonstrates that OPA1 loss or inhibition, through genetic and pharmacological means, abolishes in vivo muscle regeneration and in vitro myotube formation. We show that both the inhibition and genetic deletion of OPA1 prevent the early onset metabolic switch required to drive myoblast differentiation. In addition, we observe an OPA1-dependent upregulation of the supercomplex assembly factor, SCAF1, at the onset of differentiation. Importantly, preventing the upregulation of SCAF1, through OPA1 loss or siRNA-mediated SCAF1 knockdown, impairs metabolic reprogramming and muscle differentiation. These findings reveal the integral role of OPA1 and mitochondrial reprogramming at the onset of myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Triolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nicole Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Soniya Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nikita Larionov
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tina Podinić
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mireille Khacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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12
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Garza S, Sottas C, Gukasyan HJ, Papadopoulos V. In vitro and in vivo studies on the effect of a mitochondrial fusion promoter on Leydig cell integrity and function. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1357857. [PMID: 38511146 PMCID: PMC10950900 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1357857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The interstitial testicular Leydig cells are responsible for the production of testosterone, which functionally deteriorate with normal aging. Decreased expression of mitochondrial steroidogenic interactome proteins and diminished mitochondrial function in aging Leydig cells suggest that mitochondrial dynamics play a role in maintaining adequate levels of testosterone. Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) protein regulates mitochondrial dynamics and cristae formation in many cell types. Previous studies showed that increasing OPA1 expression in dysfunctional Leydig cells restored mitochondrial function and recovered androgen production to levels found in healthy Leydig cells. These findings suggested that mitochondrial dynamics may be a promising target to ameliorate diminished testosterone levels in aging males. Methods: We used twelve-month-old rats to explore the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and Leydig cell function. Isolated Leydig cells from aged rats were treated ex vivo with the cell-permeable mitochondrial fusion promoter 4-Chloro-2-(1-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazono)ethyl) phenol (mitochondrial fusion promoter M1), which enhances mitochondrial tubular network formation. In parallel, rats were treated with 2 mg/kg/day M1 for 6 weeks before Leydig cells were isolated. Results: Ex vivo M1-treated cells showed enhanced mitochondrial tubular network formation by transmission electron microscopy, enhanced Leydig cell mitochondrial integrity, improved mitochondrial function, and higher testosterone biosynthesis compared to controls. However, in vivo treatment of aged rats with M1 not only failed to re-establish testosterone levels to that of young rats, it also led to further reduction of testosterone levels and increased apoptosis, suggesting M1 toxicity in the testis. The in vivo M1 toxicity seemed to be tissue-specific, however. Conclusion: Promoting mitochondrial fusion may be one approach to enhancing cell health and wellbeing with aging, but more investigations are warranted. Our findings suggest that fusion promoters could potentially enhance the productivity of aged Leydig cells when carefully regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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13
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Wang H, Luo W, Chen H, Cai Z, Xu G. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy: Molecular structure, orchestrating mechanism and related disorders. Mitochondrion 2024; 75:101847. [PMID: 38246334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy play essential roles in normal cellular physiological activities, while abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy can cause cancer and related disorders. Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics usually occur in parallel with mitochondrial autophagy. Both have been reported to have a synergistic effect and can therefore complement or inhibit each other. Progress has been made in understanding the classical mitochondrial PINK1/Parkin pathway and mitochondrial dynamical abnormalities. Still, the mechanisms and regulatory pathways underlying the interaction between mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics remain unexplored. Like other existing reviews, we review the molecular structure of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy, and how their abnormalities can lead to the development of related diseases. We will also review the individual or synergistic effects of abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy leading to cellular proliferation, differentiation and invasion. In addition, we explore the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy to contribute to targeted and precise regulation of mitochondrial function. Through the study of abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy regulation mechanisms, as well as the role of early disease development, effective targets for mitochondrial function regulation can be proposed to enable accurate diagnosis and treatment of the associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511495, China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Zhiduan Cai
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China.
| | - Guibin Xu
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China.
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14
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Baker ZN, Forny P, Pagliarini DJ. Mitochondrial proteome research: the road ahead. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:65-82. [PMID: 37773518 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles with key roles in anabolic and catabolic metabolism, bioenergetics, cellular signalling and nutrient sensing, and programmed cell death processes. Their diverse functions are enabled by a sophisticated set of protein components encoded by the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The extent and complexity of the mitochondrial proteome remained unclear for decades. This began to change 20 years ago when, driven by the emergence of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the first draft mitochondrial proteomes were established. In the ensuing decades, further technological and computational advances helped to refine these 'maps', with current estimates of the core mammalian mitochondrial proteome ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 proteins. The creation of these compendia provided a systemic view of an organelle previously studied primarily in a reductionist fashion and has accelerated both basic scientific discovery and the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Yet numerous challenges remain in understanding mitochondrial biology and translating this knowledge into the medical context. In this Roadmap, we propose a path forward for refining the mitochondrial protein map to enhance its discovery and therapeutic potential. We discuss how emerging technologies can assist the detection of new mitochondrial proteins, reveal their patterns of expression across diverse tissues and cell types, and provide key information on proteoforms. We highlight the power of an enhanced map for systematically defining the functions of its members. Finally, we examine the utility of an expanded, functionally annotated mitochondrial proteome in a translational setting for aiding both diagnosis of mitochondrial disease and targeting of mitochondria for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakery N Baker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Forny
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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15
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Xin Y, Zhang T, Zhou M, Li X, Ping K, Ji X, Yang H, Dong J. Hepatotoxicity of the Pesticide Avermectin Exposure to Freshwater-Farmed Carp: Evidence from In Vivo and In Vitro Research. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20654-20670. [PMID: 38091468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Avermectin (AVM) is presently one of the most extensively employed insecticides across the globe. A number of toxicity research studies of AVM have been carried out in freshwater-farmed carp; however, there are currently no toxicity studies on the liver. This investigation aims to replicate an acute liver injury model induced by AVM in carp, subsequently analyzing the adverse effects imposed on the nontarget species while delving into potential mechanisms underlying its toxicity. In this study, we found that AVM-exposed carp liver tissue showed cellular hydration degeneration and necrosis and reduced the viability of hepatocyte L8824. Second, AVM induced oxidative stress in carp, and AVM stimulation led to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and Ca2+ overload in hepatocyte L8824, suggesting that AVM exposure induces mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes. AVM induced inflammation in carp liver tissue by inducing mitochondrial kinetic disruption, which triggered hepatic tissue injury. AVM induced autophagy and apoptosis in carp liver tissue and ROS mediated AVM-induced autophagy and apoptosis. The formation of autophagy attenuated the AVM-induced liver injury. In conclusion, the present study elucidated the hepatotoxicity and potential mechanisms of freshwater aquaculture carp exposed to the pesticide AVM, emphasized the importance of monitoring pesticide AVM contamination in freshwater aquaculture aquatic environments, and provided theoretical references for the targeted prevention of AVM-induced toxicity in carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Tianmeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Kaixin Ping
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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16
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Wong DCS, Harvey JP, Jurkute N, Thomasy SM, Moosajee M, Yu-Wai-Man P, Gilhooley MJ. OPA1 Dominant Optic Atrophy: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets. J Neuroophthalmol 2023; 43:464-474. [PMID: 37974363 PMCID: PMC10645107 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. S. Wong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua P. Harvey
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Neringa Jurkute
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Gilhooley
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
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17
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Carrion SA, Michal JJ, Jiang Z. Alternative Transcripts Diversify Genome Function for Phenome Relevance to Health and Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2051. [PMID: 38002994 PMCID: PMC10671453 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation using alternative exon splicing (AES), alternative transcription start (ATS), and alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites are key to transcript diversity underlying health and disease. All three are pervasive in organisms, present in at least 50% of human protein-coding genes. In fact, ATS and APA site use has the highest impact on protein identity, with their ability to alter which first and last exons are utilized as well as impacting stability and translation efficiency. These RNA variants have been shown to be highly specific, both in tissue type and stage, with demonstrated importance to cell proliferation, differentiation and the transition from fetal to adult cells. While alternative exon splicing has a limited effect on protein identity, its ubiquity highlights the importance of these minor alterations, which can alter other features such as localization. The three processes are also highly interwoven, with overlapping, complementary, and competing factors, RNA polymerase II and its CTD (C-terminal domain) chief among them. Their role in development means dysregulation leads to a wide variety of disorders and cancers, with some forms of disease disproportionately affected by specific mechanisms (AES, ATS, or APA). Challenges associated with the genome-wide profiling of RNA variants and their potential solutions are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7620, USA; (S.A.C.); (J.J.M.)
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18
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Liao R, Wu Y, Qin L, Jiang Z, Gou S, Zhou L, Hong Q, Li Y, Shi J, Yao Y, Lai L, Li Y, Liu P, Thiery JP, Qin D, Graf T, Liu X, Li P. BCL11B and the NuRD complex cooperatively guard T-cell fate and inhibit OPA1-mediated mitochondrial fusion in T cells. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113448. [PMID: 37737560 PMCID: PMC10620766 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase (NuRD) complex physically associates with BCL11B to regulate murine T-cell development. However, the function of NuRD complex in mature T cells remains unclear. Here, we characterize the fate and metabolism of human T cells in which key subunits of the NuRD complex or BCL11B are ablated. BCL11B and the NuRD complex bind to each other and repress natural killer (NK)-cell fate in T cells. In addition, T cells upregulate the NK cell-associated receptors and transcription factors, lyse NK-cell targets, and are reprogrammed into NK-like cells (ITNKs) upon deletion of MTA2, MBD2, CHD4, or BCL11B. ITNKs increase OPA1 expression and exhibit characteristically elongated mitochondria with augmented oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity. OPA1-mediated elevated OXPHOS enhances cellular acetyl-CoA levels, thereby promoting the reprogramming efficiency and antitumor effects of ITNKs via regulating H3K27 acetylation at specific targets. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the NuRD complex and BCL11B cooperatively maintain T-cell fate directly by repressing NK cell-associated transcription and indirectly through a metabolic-epigenetic axis, providing strategies to improve the reprogramming efficiency and antitumor effects of ITNKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liao
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH‐CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi Wu
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH‐CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Le Qin
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH‐CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiwu Jiang
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH‐CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Shixue Gou
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH‐CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Linfu Zhou
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH‐CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Qilan Hong
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
- Centre for Genomic RegulationThe Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Yao Li
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH‐CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jingxuan Shi
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH‐CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yao Yao
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH‐CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Liangxue Lai
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH‐CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of HematologyMedical College, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | | | - Dajiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy, and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Thomas Graf
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
- Centre for Genomic RegulationThe Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Xingguo Liu
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH‐CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & InnovationChinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong SARChina
| | - Peng Li
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH‐HKU Guangdong‐Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH‐CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy, and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & InnovationChinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong SARChina
- Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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19
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Qiu J, Yue F, Zhu P, Chen J, Xu F, Zhang L, Kim KH, Snyder MM, Luo N, Xu HW, Huang F, Tao WA, Kuang S. FAM210A is essential for cold-induced mitochondrial remodeling in brown adipocytes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6344. [PMID: 37816711 PMCID: PMC10564795 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold stimulation dynamically remodels mitochondria in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to facilitate non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals, but what regulates mitochondrial plasticity is poorly understood. Comparing mitochondrial proteomes in response to cold revealed FAM210A as a cold-inducible mitochondrial inner membrane protein. An adipocyte-specific constitutive knockout of Fam210a (Fam210aAKO) disrupts mitochondrial cristae structure and diminishes the thermogenic activity of BAT, rendering the Fam210aAKO mice vulnerable to lethal hypothermia under acute cold exposure. Induced knockout of Fam210a in adult adipocytes (Fam210aiAKO) does not affect steady-state mitochondrial structure under thermoneutrality, but impairs cold-induced mitochondrial remodeling, leading to progressive loss of cristae and reduction of mitochondrial density. Proteomics reveals an association between FAM210A and OPA1, whose cleavage governs cristae dynamics and mitochondrial remodeling. Mechanistically, FAM210A interacts with mitochondrial protease YME1L and modulates its activity toward OMA1 and OPA1 cleavage. These data establish FAM210A as a key regulator of mitochondrial cristae remodeling in BAT and shed light on the mechanism underlying mitochondrial plasticity in response to cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Qiu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Peipei Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jingjuan Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Fan Xu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kun Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Madigan M Snyder
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nanjian Luo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hao-Wei Xu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Fang Huang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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20
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Zou W, Yang L, Lu H, Li M, Ji D, Slone J, Huang T. Application of super-resolution microscopy in mitochondria-dynamic diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115043. [PMID: 37536507 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Limited by spatial and temporal resolution, traditional optical microscopy cannot image the delicate ultra-structure organelles and sub-organelles. The emergence of super-resolution microscopy makes it possible. In this review, we focus on mitochondria. We summarize the process of mitochondrial dynamics, the primary proteins that regulate mitochondrial morphology, the diseases related to mitochondrial dynamics. The purpose is to apply super-resolution microscopy developed during recent years to the mitochondrial research. By providing the right research tools, we will help to promote the application of this technique to the in-depth elucidation of the pathogenesis of diseases related to mitochondrial dynamics, assistdiagnosis and develop the therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hedong Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongmei Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jesse Slone
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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21
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Buchanan E, Mahony C, Bam S, Jaffer M, Macleod S, Mangali A, van der Watt M, de Wet S, Theart R, Jacobs C, Loos B, O'Ryan C. Propionic acid induces alterations in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13248. [PMID: 37582965 PMCID: PMC10427685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionic acid (PPA) is used to study the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodevelopmental conditions like autism spectrum disorders. PPA is known to disrupt mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, and turnover. However, the effect of PPA on mitochondrial dynamics, fission, and fusion remains challenging to study due to the complex temporal nature of these mechanisms. Here, we use complementary quantitative visualization techniques to examine how PPA influences mitochondrial ultrastructure, morphology, and dynamics in neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells. PPA (5 mM) induced a significant decrease in mitochondrial area (p < 0.01), Feret's diameter and perimeter (p < 0.05), and in area2 (p < 0.01). Mitochondrial event localiser analysis demonstrated a significant increase in fission and fusion events (p < 0.05) that preserved mitochondrial network integrity under stress. Moreover, mRNA expression of cMYC (p < 0.0001), NRF1 (p < 0.01), TFAM (p < 0.05), STOML2 (p < 0.0001), and OPA1 (p < 0.01) was significantly decreased. This illustrates a remodeling of mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, and dynamics to preserve function under stress. Our data provide new insights into the influence of PPA on mitochondrial dynamics and highlight the utility of visualization techniques to study the complex regulatory mechanisms involved in the mitochondrial stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Buchanan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Caitlyn Mahony
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Sophia Bam
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Mohamed Jaffer
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Sarah Macleod
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Asandile Mangali
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Mignon van der Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Sholto de Wet
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Rensu Theart
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Caron Jacobs
- Department of Pathology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa and IDM Microscopy Platform, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Colleen O'Ryan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa.
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22
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Hao Y, Zhao L, Zhao JY, Han X, Zhou X. Unveiling the potential of mitochondrial dynamics as a therapeutic strategy for acute kidney injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1244313. [PMID: 37635869 PMCID: PMC10456901 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1244313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), a critical clinical syndrome, has been strongly linked to mitochondrial malfunction. Mitochondria, vital cellular organelles, play a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism and ensuring cell survival. Impaired mitochondrial function in AKI leads to decreased energy generation, elevated oxidative stress, and the initiation of inflammatory cascades, resulting in renal tissue damage and functional impairment. Therefore, mitochondria have gained significant research attention as a potential therapeutic target for AKI. Mitochondrial dynamics, which encompass the adaptive shifts of mitochondria within cellular environments, exert significant influence on mitochondrial function. Modulating these dynamics, such as promoting mitochondrial fusion and inhibiting mitochondrial division, offers opportunities to mitigate renal injury in AKI. Consequently, elucidating the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dynamics has gained considerable importance, providing valuable insights into mitochondrial regulation and facilitating the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for AKI. This comprehensive review aims to highlight the latest advancements in mitochondrial dynamics research, provide an exhaustive analysis of existing studies investigating the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and acute injury, and shed light on their implications for AKI. The ultimate goal is to advance the development of more effective therapeutic interventions for managing AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Hao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Yu Zhao
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiutao Han
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China
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23
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Nyenhuis SB, Wu X, Strub MP, Yim YI, Stanton AE, Baena V, Syed ZA, Canagarajah B, Hammer JA, Hinshaw JE. OPA1 helical structures give perspective to mitochondrial dysfunction. Nature 2023; 620:1109-1116. [PMID: 37612506 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Dominant optic atrophy is one of the leading causes of childhood blindness. Around 60-80% of cases1 are caused by mutations of the gene that encodes optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1), a protein that has a key role in inner mitochondrial membrane fusion and remodelling of cristae and is crucial for the dynamic organization and regulation of mitochondria2. Mutations in OPA1 result in the dysregulation of the GTPase-mediated fusion process of the mitochondrial inner and outer membranes3. Here we used cryo-electron microscopy methods to solve helical structures of OPA1 assembled on lipid membrane tubes, in the presence and absence of nucleotide. These helical assemblies organize into densely packed protein rungs with minimal inter-rung connectivity, and exhibit nucleotide-dependent dimerization of the GTPase domains-a hallmark of the dynamin superfamily of proteins4. OPA1 also contains several unique secondary structures in the paddle domain that strengthen its membrane association, including membrane-inserting helices. The structural features identified in this study shed light on the effects of pathogenic point mutations on protein folding, inter-protein assembly and membrane interactions. Furthermore, mutations that disrupt the assembly interfaces and membrane binding of OPA1 cause mitochondrial fragmentation in cell-based assays, providing evidence of the biological relevance of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Nyenhuis
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Light Microscopy Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marie-Paule Strub
- Protein Expression Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yang-In Yim
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abigail E Stanton
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Molecular Biology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Valentina Baena
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zulfeqhar A Syed
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bertram Canagarajah
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A Hammer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jenny E Hinshaw
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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24
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Naón D, Hernández-Alvarez MI, Shinjo S, Wieczor M, Ivanova S, Martins de Brito O, Quintana A, Hidalgo J, Palacín M, Aparicio P, Castellanos J, Lores L, Sebastián D, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J, Joven J, Orozco M, Zorzano A, Scorrano L. Splice variants of mitofusin 2 shape the endoplasmic reticulum and tether it to mitochondria. Science 2023; 380:eadh9351. [PMID: 37347868 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, different organelles interact at membrane contact sites stabilized by tethers. Mitochondrial mitofusin 2 (MFN2) acts as a membrane tether that interacts with an unknown partner on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this work, we identified the MFN2 splice variant ERMIT2 as the ER tethering partner of MFN2. Splicing of MFN2 produced ERMIT2 and ERMIN2, two ER-specific variants. ERMIN2 regulated ER morphology, whereas ERMIT2 localized at the ER-mitochondria interface and interacted with mitochondrial mitofusins to tether ER and mitochondria. This tethering allowed efficient mitochondrial calcium ion uptake and phospholipid transfer. Expression of ERMIT2 ameliorated the ER stress, inflammation, and fibrosis typical of liver-specific Mfn2 knockout mice. Thus, ER-specific MFN2 variants display entirely extramitochondrial MFN2 functions involved in interorganellar tethering and liver metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Naón
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Hernández-Alvarez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Satoko Shinjo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Milosz Wieczor
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Saska Ivanova
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Albert Quintana
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Hidalgo
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Aparicio
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Castellanos
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Lores
- Pneumology Department, Hospital General Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Medicine School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona and Reus, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Medicine School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona and Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Medicine School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona and Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Reus, Spain
| | - Modesto Orozco
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
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25
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Mori Sequeiros Garcia MM, Paz C, Castillo AF, Benzo Y, Belluno MA, Balcázar Martínez A, Maloberti PM, Cornejo Maciel F, Poderoso C. New insights into signal transduction pathways in adrenal steroidogenesis: role of mitochondrial fusion, lipid mediators, and MAPK phosphatases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1175677. [PMID: 37223023 PMCID: PMC10200866 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1175677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone-receptor signal transduction has been extensively studied in adrenal gland. Zona glomerulosa and fasciculata cells are responsible for glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid synthesis by adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation, respectively. Since the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis occurs in the mitochondria, these organelles are key players in the process. The maintenance of functional mitochondria depends on mitochondrial dynamics, which involves at least two opposite events, i.e., mitochondrial fusion and fission. This review presents state-of-the-art data on the role of mitochondrial fusion proteins, such as mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), in Ang II-stimulated steroidogenesis in adrenocortical cells. Both proteins are upregulated by Ang II, and Mfn2 is strictly necessary for adrenal steroid synthesis. The signaling cascades of steroidogenic hormones involve an increase in several lipidic metabolites such as arachidonic acid (AA). In turn, AA metabolization renders several eicosanoids released to the extracellular medium able to bind membrane receptors. This report discusses OXER1, an oxoeicosanoid receptor which has recently arisen as a novel participant in adrenocortical hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis through its activation by AA-derived 5-oxo-ETE. This work also intends to broaden knowledge of phospho/dephosphorylation relevance in adrenocortical cells, particularly MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) role in steroidogenesis. At least three MKPs participate in steroid production and processes such as the cellular cycle, either directly or by means of MAP kinase regulation. To sum up, this review discusses the emerging role of mitochondrial fusion proteins, OXER1 and MKPs in the regulation of steroid synthesis in adrenal cortex cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Mori Sequeiros Garcia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Fernanda Castillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Benzo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías A. Belluno
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariana Balcázar Martínez
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Mariana Maloberti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Cornejo Maciel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Poderoso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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De Rasmo D, Cormio A, Cormio G, Signorile A. Ovarian Cancer: A Landscape of Mitochondria with Emphasis on Mitochondrial Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021224. [PMID: 36674740 PMCID: PMC9865899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) represents the main cause of death from gynecological malignancies in western countries. Altered cellular and mitochondrial metabolism are considered hallmarks in cancer disease. Several mitochondrial aspects have been found altered in OC, such as the oxidative phosphorylation system, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics includes cristae remodeling, fusion, and fission processes forming a dynamic mitochondrial network. Alteration of mitochondrial dynamics is associated with metabolic change in tumour development and, in particular, the mitochondrial shaping proteins appear also to be responsible for the chemosensitivity and/or chemoresistance in OC. In this review a focus on the mitochondrial dynamics in OC cells is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Rasmo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Cormio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies have a leading role in the field of mitochondrial medicine ever since 1988, when the first mutation in mitochondrial DNA was associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (DOA) was subsequently associated in 2000 with mutations in the nuclear DNA affecting the OPA1 gene. LHON and DOA are both characterized by selective neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction. This is centered on respiratory complex I impairment in LHON and defective mitochondrial dynamics in OPA1-related DOA, leading to distinct clinical phenotypes. LHON is a subacute, rapid, severe loss of central vision involving both eyes within weeks or months, with age of onset between 15 and 35 years old. DOA is a more slowly progressive optic neuropathy, usually apparent in early childhood. LHON is characterized by marked incomplete penetrance and a clear male predilection. The introduction of next-generation sequencing has greatly expanded the genetic causes for other rare forms of mitochondrial optic neuropathies, including recessive and X-linked, further emphasizing the exquisite sensitivity of RGCs to compromised mitochondrial function. All forms of mitochondrial optic neuropathies, including LHON and DOA, can manifest either as pure optic atrophy or as a more severe multisystemic syndrome. Mitochondrial optic neuropathies are currently at the forefront of a number of therapeutic programs, including gene therapy, with idebenone being the only approved drug for a mitochondrial disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Fisher CR, Shaaeli AA, Ebeling MC, Montezuma SR, Ferrington DA. Investigating mitochondrial fission, fusion, and autophagy in retinal pigment epithelium from donors with age-related macular degeneration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21725. [PMID: 36526679 PMCID: PMC9758189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries, characterized by the death of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and photoreceptors. Previous studies report an accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria in RPE of human donors with AMD. Understanding how damaged mitochondria accumulate in AMD is an important step in discovering disease mechanisms and identifying therapeutic targets. In this report, we assessed mitochondrial fission and fusion by quantifying proteins and measured mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) via protein analysis and advanced imaging techniques using mitochondrial targeted mKeima in primary human RPE from donors with or without AMD. We report disease-specific differences in mitochondrial proteins that regulate fission, fusion, and mitophagy that were present at baseline and with treatments to stimulate these pathways. Data suggest AMD RPE utilize receptor-mediated mitophagy as a compensatory mechanism for deficits in the ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy pathway. These changes in mitochondrial homeostasis could lead to the buildup of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria observed in the RPE of AMD donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R. Fisher
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA ,grid.17635.360000000419368657Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Adam A. Shaaeli
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA ,grid.17635.360000000419368657Undergraduate program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Mara C. Ebeling
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Sandra R. Montezuma
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Deborah A. Ferrington
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA ,grid.17635.360000000419368657Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA ,grid.17635.360000000419368657Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA ,grid.280881.b0000 0001 0097 5623Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA
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29
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Chen TW, Wu PY, Wen YT, Desai TD, Huang CT, Liu PK, Tsai RK. Vitamin B3 Provides Neuroprotection via Antioxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122422. [PMID: 36552630 PMCID: PMC9774344 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementing with vitamin B3 has been reported to protect against retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage events and exhibit multiple neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of optic nerve injury. In this study, a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy was used to assess the neuroprotective benefits of vitamin B3 (rAION). Vitamin B3 (500 mg/kg/day) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered to the rAION-induced rats every day for 28 days. The vitamin B3-treated group had significantly higher first positive and second negative peak (P1-N2) amplitudes of flash visual-evoked potentials and RGC densities than the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay conducted on vitamin B3-treated rats revealed a significant reduction in apoptotic cells (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance activity showed that vitamin B3 treatment decreased reactive oxygen species (p < 0.05). Therefore, vitamin B3 supplementation preserves vision in rAION-induced rats by reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ying Wu
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Tushar Dnyaneshwar Desai
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Te Huang
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kang Liu
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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30
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Milani M, Pihán P, Hetz C. Mitochondria-associated niches in health and disease. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:285141. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The appreciation of the importance of interorganelle contacts has steadily increased over the past decades. Advances in imaging, molecular biology and bioinformatic techniques allowed the discovery of new mechanisms involved in the interaction and communication between organelles, providing novel insights into the inner works of a cell. In this Review, with the mitochondria under the spotlight, we discuss the most recent findings on the mechanisms mediating the communication between organelles, focusing on Ca2+ signaling, lipid exchange, cell death and stress responses. Notably, we introduce a new integrative perspective to signaling networks that is regulated by interorganelle interactions – the mitochondria-associated niches – focusing on the link between the molecular determinants of contact sites and their functional outputs, rather than simply physical and structural communication. In addition, we highlight the neuropathological and metabolic implications of alterations in mitochondria-associated niches and outline how this concept might improve our understanding of multi-organelle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Milani
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile 1 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO) 2 , Santiago 7750000 , Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile 3 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
| | - Philippe Pihán
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile 1 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO) 2 , Santiago 7750000 , Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile 3 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile 1 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO) 2 , Santiago 7750000 , Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile 3 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 4 , Novato, CA 94945 , USA
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31
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Garza S, Chen L, Galano M, Cheung G, Sottas C, Li L, Li Y, Zirkin BR, Papadopoulos V. Mitochondrial dynamics, Leydig cell function, and age-related testosterone deficiency. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22637. [PMID: 36349989 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201026r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial translocator protein (18 kDa; TSPO) is a high-affinity cholesterol-binding protein that is an integral component of the cholesterol trafficking scaffold responsible for determining the rate of cholesterol import into the mitochondria for steroid biosynthesis. Previous studies have shown that TSPO declines in aging Leydig cells (LCs) and that its decline is associated with depressed circulating testosterone levels in aging rats. However, TSPO's role in the mechanistic decline in LC function is not fully understood. To address the role of TSPO depletion in LC function, we first examined mitochondrial quality in Tspo knockout mouse tumor MA-10 nG1 LCs compared to wild-type MA-10 cells. Tspo deletion caused a disruption in mitochondrial function and membrane dynamics. Increasing mitochondrial fusion via treatment with the mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 or by optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) overexpression resulted in the restoration of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial morphology as well as in steroid formation in TSPO-depleted nG1 LCs. LCs isolated from aged rats form less testosterone than LCs isolated from young rats. Treatment of aging LCs with M1 improved mitochondrial function and increased androgen formation, suggesting that aging LC dysfunction may stem from compromised mitochondrial dynamics caused by the age-dependent LC TSPO decline. These results, taken together, suggest that maintaining or enhancing mitochondrial fusion may provide therapeutic strategies to maintain or restore testosterone levels with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Garza
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Liting Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melanie Galano
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Garett Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chantal Sottas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuchang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Barry R Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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32
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Pasák M, Vanišová M, Tichotová L, Křížová J, Ardan T, Nemesh Y, Čížková J, Kolesnikova A, Nyshchuk R, Josifovska N, Lytvynchuk L, Kolko M, Motlík J, Petrovski G, Hansíková H. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a High Intraocular Pressure-Induced Retinal Ischemia Minipig Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101532. [PMID: 36291741 PMCID: PMC9599919 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Retinal ischemia (RI) and progressive neuronal death are sight-threatening conditions. Mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction and fusion/fission processes have been suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of RI. This study focuses on changes in the mt parameters of the neuroretina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid in a porcine high intraocular pressure (IOP)-induced RI minipig model. Methods: In one eye, an acute IOP elevation was induced in minipigs and compared to the other control eye. Activity and amount of respiratory chain complexes (RCC) were analyzed by spectrophotometry and Western blot, respectively. The coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) content was measured using HPLC, and the ultrastructure of the mt was studied via transmission electron microscopy. The expression of selected mt-pathway genes was determined by RT-PCR. Results: At a functional level, increased RCC I activity and decreased total CoQ10 content were found in RPE cells. At a protein level, CORE2, a subunit of RCC III, and DRP1, was significantly decreased in the neuroretina. Drp1 and Opa1, protein-encoding genes responsible for mt quality control, were decreased in most of the samples from the RPE and neuroretina. Conclusions: The eyes of the minipig can be considered a potential RI model to study mt dysfunction in this disease. Strategies targeting mt protection may provide a promising way to delay the acute damage and onset of RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pasák
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vanišová
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Tichotová
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Křížová
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Taras Ardan
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Yaroslav Nemesh
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University,12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Čížková
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Anastasiia Kolesnikova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University,12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ruslan Nyshchuk
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University,12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natasha Josifovska
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus Liebig University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Retinal Research and Imaging, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jan Motlík
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Split and University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Hana Hansíková
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic
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Green A, Hossain T, Eckmann DM. Mitochondrial dynamics involves molecular and mechanical events in motility, fusion and fission. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1010232. [PMID: 36340034 PMCID: PMC9626967 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cell organelles that play pivotal roles in maintaining cell survival, cellular metabolic homeostasis, and cell death. Mitochondria are highly dynamic entities which undergo fusion and fission, and have been shown to be very motile in vivo in neurons and in vitro in multiple cell lines. Fusion and fission are essential for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through control of morphology, content exchange, inheritance of mitochondria, maintenance of mitochondrial DNA, and removal of damaged mitochondria by autophagy. Mitochondrial motility occurs through mechanical and molecular mechanisms which translocate mitochondria to sites of high energy demand. Motility also plays an important role in intracellular signaling. Here, we review key features that mediate mitochondrial dynamics and explore methods to advance the study of mitochondrial motility as well as mitochondrial dynamics-related diseases and mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Green
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - David M. Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: David M. Eckmann,
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34
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Wang L, Yang Z, He X, Pu S, Yang C, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Cen X, Zhao H. Mitochondrial protein dysfunction in pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974480. [PMID: 36157077 PMCID: PMC9489860 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for neuronal function and cell survival. Besides the well-known bioenergetics, additional mitochondrial roles in calcium signaling, lipid biogenesis, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis are pivotal in diverse cellular processes. The mitochondrial proteome encompasses about 1,500 proteins encoded by both the nuclear DNA and the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, or combinations of both, can result in mitochondrial protein deficiencies and mitochondrial malfunction. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control by proteins involved in various surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal integrity and viability. Abnormal proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, import machinery, ion channels, and mitochondrial DNA maintenance have been linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. The goal of this review is to give an overview of these pathways and to summarize the interconnections between mitochondrial protein dysfunction and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyun Yang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiumei He
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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35
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Han J, Li Y, You Y, Fan K, Lei B. Autosomal dominant optic atrophy caused by six novel pathogenic OPA1 variants and genotype-phenotype correlation analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:322. [PMID: 35883160 PMCID: PMC9327245 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the genetic and clinical features of nineteen patients from eleven unrelated Chinese pedigrees with OPA1-related autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) and define the phenotype-genotype correlations. METHODS Detailed ophthalmic examinations were performed. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was conducted in the eleven probands using a custom designed panel PS400. Sanger sequencing and cosegregation were used to verify the identified variants. The pathogenicity of gene variants was evaluated according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. RESULTS Nineteen patients from the eleven unrelated Chinese ADOA pedigrees had impaired vision and optic disc pallor. Optical coherence tomography showed significant thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer. The visual field showed varying degrees of central or paracentral scotoma. The onset of symptoms occurred between 3 and 24 years of age (median age 6 years). Eleven variants in OPA1 were identified in the cohort, and nine novel variants were identified. Among the novel variants, two splicing variants c.984 + 1_984 + 2delGT, c.1194 + 2 T > C, two stop-gain variants c.1937C > G, c.2830G > T, and one frameshift variant c.2787_2794del8, were determined to be pathogenic based on ACMG. A novel splicing variant c.1316-10 T > G was determined to be likely pathogenic. In addition, a novel missense c.1283A > C (p.N428T) and two novel splicing variants c.2496G > A and c.1065 + 5G > C were of uncertain significance. CONCLUSIONS Six novel pathogenic variants were identified. The findings will facilitate genetic counselling by expanding the pathogenic mutation spectrum of OPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zheng-zhou, 450003, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zheng-zhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Ya You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zheng-zhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Ke Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zheng-zhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zheng-zhou, 450003, China. .,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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Mitochondrial Elongation and OPA1 Play Crucial Roles during the Stemness Acquisition Process in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143432. [PMID: 35884493 PMCID: PMC9322438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal neoplasia and the currently used treatments are not effective in a wide range of patients. Presently, the evidence points out that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are key players during tumor development, metastasis, chemoresistance, and tumor relapse. The study of the metabolism of CSCs, specifically the mitochondrial alterations, could pave the way to the discovery of new therapeutical targets. In this study, we show that during progressive de-differentiation, pancreatic CSCs undergo changes in mitochondrial mass, dynamics, and function. Interestingly, the silencing of OPA1, a protein involved in mitochondrial fusion, significantly inhibits the formation of CSCs. These results reveal new insight into mitochondria and stemness acquisition that could be useful for the design of novel potential therapies in PDAC. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer with an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 9%. The high aggressiveness of PDAC is linked to the presence of a subpopulation of cancer cells with a greater tumorigenic capacity, generically called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs present a heterogeneous metabolic profile that might be supported by an adaptation of mitochondrial function; however, the role of this organelle in the development and maintenance of CSCs remains controversial. To determine the role of mitochondria in CSCs over longer periods, which may reflect more accurately their quiescent state, we studied the mitochondrial physiology in CSCs at short-, medium-, and long-term culture periods. We found that CSCs show a significant increase in mitochondrial mass, more mitochondrial fusion, and higher mRNA expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis than parental cells. These changes are accompanied by a regulation of the activities of OXPHOS complexes II and IV. Furthermore, the protein OPA1, which is involved in mitochondrial dynamics, is overexpressed in CSCs and modulates the tumorsphere formation. Our findings indicate that CSCs undergo mitochondrial remodeling during the stemness acquisition process, which could be exploited as a promising therapeutic target against pancreatic CSCs.
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Yu T, Park YM, Wang L, Deuster PA. L-citrulline prevents heat-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell injury through nitric oxide-mediated Drp1 inhibition in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-24. [PMID: 35791786 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Severe heat exposure causes mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction, which contribute to the pathogenesis of heat-related illness. L-citrulline is a naturally occurring amino acid and has been suggested to influence heat shock responses. This study aimed to test whether L-citrulline supplementation would preserve mitochondrial integrity and attenuate heat-induced skeletal muscle injury, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. At 37°C, L-citrulline (2 mM) increased mitochondrial elongation in mouse C2C12 myoblasts, a process associated with a reduction in mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 levels. Mechanistic studies revealed that L-citrulline increased cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels, but not S-nitrosylation of Drp1. L-citrulline caused a decrease in phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser 616 and an increase in phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser 637, which resulted in a reduced mitochondrial localization of Drp1. L-NAME, a non-selective NO synthase inhibitor, abolished the increase in L-citrulline-induced NO levels and inhibited Drp1 phosphorylation changes and mitochondrial elongation, which indicates involvement of a NO-dependent pathway. Under 43°C heat stress conditions, L-citrulline prevented translocation of Drp1 to mitochondria, mitochondrial fragmentation and decreased membrane potential. Finally, L-citrulline pretreatment inhibited heat-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, caspase 3/7 activation, apoptotic cell death, and improved cell viability. NO inhibitor L-NAME abolished all the above protective effects of L-citrulline under heat stress. Our results suggest that L-citrulline prevents heat-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell injury through NO-mediated Drp1 inhibition in C2C12 myoblasts. L-citrulline may be an effective treatment for heat-related illnesses and other mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzheng Yu
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Min Park
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Li S, Han S, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Su L, Li L, Zhou D, Ye C, Feng XH, Liang T, Zhao B. FUNDC2 promotes liver tumorigenesis by inhibiting MFN1-mediated mitochondrial fusion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3486. [PMID: 35710796 PMCID: PMC9203792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria generate ATP and play regulatory roles in various cellular activities. Cancer cells often exhibit fragmented mitochondria. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we report that a mitochondrial protein FUN14 domain containing 2 (FUNDC2) is transcriptionally upregulated in primary mouse liver tumors, and in approximately 40% of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Importantly, elevated FUNDC2 expression inversely correlates with patient survival, and its knockdown inhibits liver tumorigenesis in mice. Mechanistically, the amino-terminal region of FUNDC2 interacts with the GTPase domain of mitofusin 1 (MFN1), thus inhibits its activity in promoting fusion of outer mitochondrial membrane. As a result, loss of FUNDC2 leads to mitochondrial elongation, decreased mitochondrial respiration, and reprogrammed cellular metabolism. These results identified a mechanism of mitochondrial fragmentation in cancer through MFN1 inhibition by FUNDC2, and suggested FUNDC2 as a potential therapeutic target of HCC. Fragmented mitochondria are a frequent hallmark of cancer, but the cause and consequence are less clear. The authors demonstrate that elevated FUNDC2 causes mitochondrial fragmentation through inhibition of MFN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and that knockdown of FUNDC2 inhibits liver tumorigenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifeng Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shixun Han
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yibing Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Su
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Dawang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Cunqi Ye
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 321000, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 321000, China.
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Chatterjee A, Sakallioglu IT, Murthy D, Kosmacek EA, Singh PK, McDonald JT, Powers R, Oberley-Deegan RE. MnTE-2-PyP protects fibroblast mitochondria from hyperglycemia and radiation exposure. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102301. [PMID: 35358851 PMCID: PMC8967707 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation is a common anticancer therapy for prostate cancer, which transforms tumor-associated normal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, resulting in fibrosis. Oxidative stress caused by radiation-mediated mitochondrial damage is one of the major contributors to fibrosis. As diabetics are oxidatively stressed, radiation-mediated reactive oxygen species cause severe treatment failure, treatment-related side effects, and significantly reduced survival for diabetic prostate cancer patients as compared to non-diabetic prostate cancer patients. Hyperglycemia and enhanced mitochondrial damage significantly contribute to oxidative damage and disease progression after radiation therapy among diabetic prostate cancer patients. Therefore, reduction of mitochondrial damage in normal prostate fibroblasts after radiation should improve the overall clinical state of diabetic prostate cancer patients. We previously reported that MnTE-2-PyP, a manganese porphyrin, reduces oxidative damage in irradiated hyperglycemic prostate fibroblasts by scavenging superoxide and activating NRF2. In the current study, we have investigated the potential role of MnTE-2-PyP to protect mitochondrial health in irradiated hyperglycemic prostate fibroblasts. This study revealed that hyperglycemia and radiation increased mitochondrial ROS via blocking the mitochondrial electron transport chain, altered mitochondrial dynamics, and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis. Increased mitochondrial damage preceeded an increase in myofibroblast differentiation. MnTE-2-PyP reduced myofibroblast differentiation, improved mitochondrial health by releasing the block on the mitochondrial electron transport chain, enhanced ATP production efficiency, and restored mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism in the irradiated-hyperglycemic prostate fibroblasts. Therefore, we are proposing that one of the mechanisms that MnTE-2-PyP protects prostate fibroblasts from irradiation and hyperglycemia-mediated damage is by protecting the mitochondrial health in diabetic prostate cancer patients. MnTE-2-PyP protects mitochondria from radiation and hyperglycemia-induced stress. MnTE-2-PyP reduced mitochondrial ROS by restoring the levels of OXPHOS complexes. MnTE-2-PyP increased the number of healthy mitochondria and enhanced ATP production efficiency. Mitochondrial protection by MnTE-2-PyP inhibits myofibroblast differentiation. MnTE-2-PyP treatment partly restores radiation-mediated metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Isin T Sakallioglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
| | - Divya Murthy
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - J Tyson McDonald
- Department of Physics & Cancer Research Center, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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40
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Is Linked to VDAC1 Deubiquitination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115933. [PMID: 35682609 PMCID: PMC9180688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondria are linked to several neurodegenerative diseases. Metabolic defects, a symptom which can result from dysfunctional mitochondria, are also present in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado–Joseph disease, the most frequent, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative ataxia worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported for several neurodegenerative disorders and ataxin-3 is known to deubiquitinylate parkin, a key protein required for canonical mitophagy. In this study, we analyzed mitochondrial function and mitophagy in a patient-derived SCA3 cell model. Human fibroblast lines isolated from SCA3 patients were immortalized and characterized. SCA3 patient fibroblasts revealed circular, ring-shaped mitochondria and featured reduced OXPHOS complexes, ATP production and cell viability. We show that wildtype ataxin-3 deubiquitinates VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1), a member of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and a parkin substrate. In SCA3 patients, VDAC1 deubiquitination and parkin recruitment to the depolarized mitochondria is inhibited. Increased p62-linked mitophagy, autophagosome formation and autophagy is observed under disease conditions, which is in line with mitochondrial fission. SCA3 fibroblast lines demonstrated a mitochondrial phenotype and dysregulation of parkin-VDAC1-mediated mitophagy, thereby promoting mitochondrial quality control via alternative pathways.
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41
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Qin YR, Ma CQ, Jiang JH, Wang DP, Zhang QQ, Liu MR, Zhao HR, Fang Q, Liu Y. Artesunate restores mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics and alleviates neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease models. J Neurochem 2022; 162:290-304. [PMID: 35598091 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a leading cause of dementia and no therapy that reverses underlying neurodegeneration is available. Recent studies suggest the protective role of artemisinin, an antimalarial drug, in neurological disorders. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of artesunate, a water-soluble derivative of artemisinin, on amyloid-beta (Aβ)-treated challenged microglial BV-2, neuronal N2a cells, and the amyloid precursor protein/presenilin (APP/PS1) mice model. We found that Aβ significantly induced multiple AD-related phenotypes, including increased expression/production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from microglial cells, enhanced cellular and mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, promoted mitochondrial fission, inhibited mitochondrial fusion, suppressed mitophagy or biogenesis in both cell types, stimulated apoptosis of neuronal cells, and microglia-induced killing of neurons. All these in vitro phenotypes were attenuated by artesunate. In addition, the over-expression of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp-1, or down-regulation of the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA-1 both reduced the therapeutic benefits of artesunate. Artesunate also alleviated AD phenotypes in APP/PS1 mice, reducing Aβ deposition, and reversing deficits in memory and learning. Artesunate protects neuronal and microglial cells from AD pathology, both in vitro and in vivo. Maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and simultaneously targeting multiple AD pathogenic mechanisms are associated with the protective effects of artesunate. Consequently, artesunate may become a promising therapeutic for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ren Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chi-Qian Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Da-Peng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quan-Quan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei-Rong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ru Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Carmona-Carmona CA, Dalla Pozza E, Ambrosini G, Errico A, Dando I. Divergent Roles of Mitochondria Dynamics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092155. [PMID: 35565283 PMCID: PMC9105422 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal neoplasia due to the lack of early diagnostic markers and effective therapies. The study of metabolic alterations of PDAC is of crucial importance since it would open the way to the discovery of new potential therapies. Mitochondria represent key organelles that regulate energy metabolism, and they remodel their structure by undergoing modifications by fusing with other mitochondria or dividing to generate smaller ones. The alterations of mitochondria arrangement may influence the metabolism of PDAC cells, thus supporting the proliferative needs of cancer. Shedding light on this topic regarding cancer and, more specifically, PDAC may help identify new potential strategies that hit cancer cells at their “core,” i.e., mitochondria. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive tumors; it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and is hardly treatable. These issues are strictly linked to the absence of early diagnostic markers and the low efficacy of treatment approaches. Recently, the study of the metabolic alterations in cancer cells has opened the way to important findings that can be exploited to generate new potential therapies. Within this scenario, mitochondria represent important organelles within which many essential functions are necessary for cell survival, including some key reactions involved in energy metabolism. These organelles remodel their shape by dividing or fusing themselves in response to cellular needs or stimuli. Interestingly, many authors have shown that mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium is altered in many different tumor types. However, up to now, it is not clear whether PDAC cells preferentially take advantage of fusion or fission processes since some studies reported a wide range of different results. This review described the role of both mitochondria arrangement processes, i.e., fusion and fission events, in PDAC, showing that a preference for mitochondria fragmentation could sustain tumor needs. In addition, we also highlight the importance of considering the metabolic arrangement and mitochondria assessment of cancer stem cells, which represent the most aggressive tumor cell type that has been shown to have distinctive metabolic features to that of differentiated tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ilaria Dando
- Correspondence: (C.A.C.-C.); (I.D.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7174 (C.A.C.-C.); +39-045-802-7169 (I.D.)
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Pijuan J, Cantarero L, Natera-de Benito D, Altimir A, Altisent-Huguet A, Díaz-Osorio Y, Carrera-García L, Expósito-Escudero J, Ortez C, Nascimento A, Hoenicka J, Palau F. Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitochondria-Lysosome Contacts in Neurogenetic Diseases. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:784880. [PMID: 35177962 PMCID: PMC8844575 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.784880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial network is constantly in a dynamic and regulated balance of fusion and fission processes, which is known as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondria make physical contacts with almost every other membrane in the cell thus impacting cellular functions. Mutations in mitochondrial dynamics genes are known to cause neurogenetic diseases. To better understand the consequences on the cellular phenotype and pathophysiology of neurogenetic diseases associated with defective mitochondrial dynamics, we have compared the fibroblasts phenotypes of (i) patients carrying pathogenic variants in genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics such as DRP1 (also known as DNM1L), GDAP1, OPA1, and MFN2, and (ii) patients carrying mutated genes that their dysfunction affects mitochondria or induces a mitochondrial phenotype, but that are not directly involved in mitochondrial dynamic network, such as FXN (encoding frataxin, located in the mitochondrial matrix), MED13 (hyperfission phenotype), and CHKB (enlarged mitochondria phenotype). We identified mitochondrial network alterations in all patients’ fibroblasts except for CHKBQ198*/Q198*. Functionally, all fibroblasts showed mitochondrial oxidative stress, without membrane potential abnormalities. The lysosomal area and distribution were abnormal in GDAP1W67L/W67L, DRP1K75E/+, OPA1F570L/+, and FXNR165C/GAA fibroblasts. These lysosomal alterations correlated with mitochondria-lysosome membrane contact sites (MCSs) defects in GDAP1W67L/W67L exclusively. The study of mitochondrial contacts in all samples further revealed a significant decrease in MFN2R104W/+ fibroblasts. GDAP1 and MFN2 are outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) proteins and both are related to Charcot-Marie Tooth neuropathy. Here we identified their constitutive interaction as well as MFN2 interaction with LAMP-1. Therefore MFN2 is a new mitochondria-lysosome MCSs protein. Interestingly, GDAP1W67L/W67L and MFN2R104W/+ fibroblasts carry pathogenic changes that occur in their catalytic domains thus suggesting a functional role of GDAP1 and MFN2 in mitochondria–lysosome MCSs. Finally, we observed starvation-induced autophagy alterations in DRP1K75E/+, GDAP1W67L/W67L, OPA1F570L/+, MFN2R104W/+, and CHKBQ198*/Q198* fibroblasts. These genes are related to mitochondrial membrane structure or lipid composition, which would associate the OMM with starvation-induced autophagy. In conclusion, the study of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondria-lysosome axis in a group of patients with different neurogenetic diseases has deciphered common and unique cellular phenotypes of degrading and non-degrading pathways that shed light on pathophysiological events, new biomarkers and pharmacological targets for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Pijuan
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Cantarero
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Natera-de Benito
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arola Altimir
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Altisent-Huguet
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Díaz-Osorio
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Carrera-García
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Ortez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Hoenicka
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Janet Hoenicka,
| | - Francesc Palau
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetic Medicine – IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinic Institute of Medicine and Dermatology (ICMiD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francesc Palau,
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44
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Yang Z, Wang L, Yang C, Pu S, Guo Z, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Zhao H. Mitochondrial Membrane Remodeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:786806. [PMID: 35059386 PMCID: PMC8763711 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.786806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of many important cellular processes and their dysfunction has been implicated in a large number of human disorders. Importantly, mitochondrial function is tightly linked to their ultrastructure, which possesses an intricate membrane architecture defining specific submitochondrial compartments. In particular, the mitochondrial inner membrane is highly folded into membrane invaginations that are essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, mitochondrial membranes are highly dynamic and undergo constant membrane remodeling during mitochondrial fusion and fission. It has remained enigmatic how these membrane curvatures are generated and maintained, and specific factors involved in these processes are largely unknown. This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial membrane architectural organization and factors critical for mitochondrial morphogenesis, as well as their functional link to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Ziqi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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45
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Dudek J, Maack C. Mechano-energetic aspects of Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:82-98. [PMID: 34423473 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Energy-demanding organs like the heart are strongly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation is governed by the respiratory chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The inner mitochondrial membrane is the only cellular membrane with significant amounts of the phospholipid cardiolipin, and cardiolipin was found to directly interact with a number of essential protein complexes, including respiratory chain complexes I to V. An inherited defect in the biogenesis of cardiolipin causes Barth syndrome, which is associated with cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia and growth retardation. Energy conversion is dependent on reducing equivalents, which are replenished by oxidative metabolism in the Krebs cycle. Cardiolipin deficiency in Barth syndrome also affects Krebs cycle activity, metabolite transport and mitochondrial morphology. During excitation-contraction coupling, calcium (Ca2+ ) released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum drives sarcomeric contraction. At the same time, Ca2+ influx into mitochondria drives the activation of Krebs cycle dehydrogenases and the regeneration of reducing equivalents. Reducing equivalents are essential not only for energy conversion, but also for maintaining a redox buffer, which is required to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). Defects in CL may also affect Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria and thereby hamper energy supply and demand matching, but also detoxification of ROS. Here, we review the impact of cardiolipin deficiency on mitochondrial function in Barth syndrome and discuss potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dudek
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Muñoz-Úbeda M, Semenzato M, Franco-Romero A, Junquera E, Aicart E, Scorrano L, López-Montero I. Transgene expression in mice of the Opa1 mitochondrial transmembrane protein through bicontinuous cubic lipoplexes containing gemini imidazolium surfactants. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:425. [PMID: 34922554 PMCID: PMC8684174 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoplexes are non-viral vectors based on cationic lipids used to deliver DNA into cells, also known as lipofection. The positively charge of the hydrophilic head-group provides the cationic lipids the ability to condensate the negatively charged DNA into structured complexes. The polar head can carry a large variety of chemical groups including amines as well as guanidino or imidazole groups. In particular, gemini cationic lipids consist of two positive polar heads linked by a spacer with different length. As for the hydrophobic aliphatic chains, they can be unsaturated or saturated and are connected to the polar head-groups. Many other chemical components can be included in the formulation of lipoplexes to improve their transfection efficiency, which often relies on their structural features. Varying these components can drastically change the arrangement of DNA molecules within the lamellar, hexagonal or cubic phases that are provided by the lipid matrix. Lipofection is widely used to deliver genetic material in cell culture experiments but the simpler formulations exhibit major drawbacks related to low transfection, low specificity, low circulation half-life and toxicity when scaled up to in vivo experiments. RESULTS So far, we have explored in cell cultures the transfection ability of lipoplexes based on gemini cationic lipids that consist of two C16 alkyl chains and two imidazolium polar head-groups linked with a polyoxyethylene spacer, (C16Im)2(C4O). Here, PEGylated lipids have been introduced to the lipoplex formulation and the transgene expression of the Opa1 mitochondrial transmembrane protein in mice was assessed. The addition of PEG on the surface of the lipid mixed resulted in the formation of Ia3d bicontinuous cubic phases as determined by small angle X-ray scattering. After a single intramuscular administration, the cubic lipoplexes were accumulated in tissues with tight endothelial barriers such as brain, heart, and lungs for at least 48 h. The transgene expression of Opa1 in those organs was identified by western blotting or RNA expression analysis through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS The expression reported here is sufficient in magnitude, duration and toxicity to consolidate the bicontinuous cubic structures formed by (C16Im)2(C4O)-based lipoplexes as valuable therapeutic agents in the field of gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Muñoz-Úbeda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
- Dpto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Martina Semenzato
- Fondazione Per La Ricerca Biomèdica Avanzata, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Anais Franco-Romero
- Fondazione Per La Ricerca Biomèdica Avanzata, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Junquera
- Dpto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Aicart
- Dpto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Fondazione Per La Ricerca Biomèdica Avanzata, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
- Dpto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Jüschke C, Klopstock T, Catarino CB, Owczarek-Lipska M, Wissinger B, Neidhardt J. Autosomal dominant optic atrophy: A novel treatment for OPA1 splice defects using U1 snRNA adaption. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1186-1197. [PMID: 34853716 PMCID: PMC8604756 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) is frequently caused by mutations in the optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) gene, with haploinsufficiency being the major genetic pathomechanism. Almost 30% of the OPA1-associated cases suffer from splice defects. We identified a novel OPA1 mutation, c.1065+5G>A, in patients with ADOA. In patient-derived fibroblasts, the mutation led to skipping of OPA1 exon 10, reducing the OPA1 protein expression by approximately 50%. We developed a molecular treatment to correct the splice defect in OPA1 using engineered U1 splice factors retargeted to different locations in OPA1 exon 10 or intron 10. The strongest therapeutic effect was detected when U1 binding was engineered to bind to intron 10 at position +18, a position predicted by bioinformatics to be a promising binding site. We were able to significantly silence the effect of the mutation (skipping of exon 10) and simultaneously increase the expression level of normal transcripts. Retargeting U1 to the canonical splice donor site did not lead to a detectable splice correction. This proof-of-concept study indicates for the first time the feasibility of splice mutation correction as a treatment option for ADOA. Increasing the amount of correctly spliced OPA1 transcripts may suffice to overcome the haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jüschke
- Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur Institute, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia B. Catarino
- Friedrich-Baur Institute, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Owczarek-Lipska
- Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - John Neidhardt
- Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Joint Research Training Group of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: John Neidhardt, Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles with two membranes. Their architecture is determined by characteristic folds of the inner membrane, termed cristae. Recent studies in yeast and other organisms led to the identification of four major pathways that cooperate to shape cristae membranes. These include dimer formation of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, assembly of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), inner membrane remodelling by a dynamin-related GTPase (Mgm1/OPA1), and modulation of the mitochondrial lipid composition. In this review, we describe the function of the evolutionarily conserved machineries involved in mitochondrial cristae biogenesis with a focus on yeast and present current models to explain how their coordinated activities establish mitochondrial membrane architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Klecker
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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49
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Chiu YH, Lin SCA, Kuo CH, Li CJ. Molecular Machinery and Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:743892. [PMID: 34604240 PMCID: PMC8484900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.743892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles that exhibit fluidity. They are the main site of cellular aerobic respiration, providing energy for cell proliferation, migration, and survival; hence, they are called "powerhouses." Mitochondria play an important role in biological processes such as cell death, cell senescence, autophagy, lipid synthesis, calcium homeostasis, and iron balance. Fission and fusion are active processes that require many specialized proteins, including mechanical enzymes that physically alter mitochondrial membranes, and interface proteins that regulate the interaction of these mechanical proteins with organelles. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial fusion, fission, and physiopathology, emphasizing the biological significance of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics. In particular, the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondria-related genes and proteins in animal cells are discussed, as well as research trends in mitochondrial dynamics, providing a theoretical reference for future mitochondrial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Amy Lin
- Department of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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50
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Geldon S, Fernández-Vizarra E, Tokatlidis K. Redox-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Dynamics, and Respiratory Chain Assembly in Yeast and Human Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720656. [PMID: 34557489 PMCID: PMC8452992 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that contain their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and reminiscent of its endosymbiotic origin. Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration via the function of the electron oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and composed of the four electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes (complexes I-IV), and the ATP synthase (complex V). Even though the mtDNA encodes essential OXPHOS components, the large majority of the structural subunits and additional biogenetical factors (more than seventy proteins) are encoded in the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm. To incorporate these proteins and the rest of the mitochondrial proteome, mitochondria have evolved varied, and sophisticated import machineries that specifically target proteins to the different compartments defined by the two membranes. The intermembrane space (IMS) contains a high number of cysteine-rich proteins, which are mostly imported via the MIA40 oxidative folding system, dependent on the reduction, and oxidation of key Cys residues. Several of these proteins are structural components or assembly factors necessary for the correct maturation and function of the ETC complexes. Interestingly, many of these proteins are involved in the metalation of the active redox centers of complex IV, the terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial ETC. Due to their function in oxygen reduction, mitochondria are the main generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS), on both sides of the inner membrane, i.e., in the matrix and the IMS. ROS generation is important due to their role as signaling molecules, but an excessive production is detrimental due to unwanted oxidation reactions that impact on the function of different types of biomolecules contained in mitochondria. Therefore, the maintenance of the redox balance in the IMS is essential for mitochondrial function. In this review, we will discuss the role that redox regulation plays in the maintenance of IMS homeostasis as well as how mitochondrial ROS generation may be a key regulatory factor for ETC biogenesis, especially for complex IV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Fernández-Vizarra
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tokatlidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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