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Iqbal A, Anwar F, Saleem U, Khan SS, Karim A, Ahmad B, Gul M, Iqbal Z, Ismail T. Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and the NF-κB Pathway by a Vitamin E Derivative: Pharmacological Approach against Parkinson's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45088-45095. [PMID: 36530334 PMCID: PMC9753179 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In this study, PD was induced via (ip) injection of haloperidol (1 mg/kg/day). Animals were divided into seven groups (n = 70). Group I received the vehicle carboxymethylcellulose (CMC; 0.5%), group II was treated with designated 1 mg/kg haloperidol, and group III received the standard drug Sinemet (100 mg/kg), while groups IV-VII received a tocopherol derivative (Toco-D) at dose levels of 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively, via the oral route. All groups received haloperidol for 23 consecutive days after their treatments except the control group. The improvement in locomotor activity and motor coordination was evaluated by using behavioral tests. Oxidative stress markers, neurotransmitters, and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) as well as NF-κB levels in the whole brain were measured. mRNA expression analysis of α-synuclein was carried out using the PCR technique. Toco-D at 20 mg/kg showed the maximum improvement in locomotor activity. The levels of antioxidant enzymes and neurotransmitters were also increased by the treatment with Toco-D. Inflammatory cytokine levels and mRNA expression of α-synuclein were decreased by Toco-D in treated animals. This study concluded that Toco-D might be effective in the improvement of locomotor activity and motor coordination in haloperidol-induced PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Iqbal
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saira Sami Khan
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Karim
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mubashra Gul
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zafer Iqbal
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department
of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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Liao Y, Dong Y, Cheng J. The Function of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020248. [PMID: 28208618 PMCID: PMC5343785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU)-a calcium uniporter on the inner membrane of mitochondria-controls the mitochondrial calcium uptake in normal and abnormal situations. Mitochondrial calcium is essential for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP); however, excessive calcium will induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Calcium homeostasis disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in many neurodegenerative disorders. However, the role and regulatory mechanism of the MCU in the development of these diseases are obscure. In this review, we summarize the role of the MCU in controlling oxidative stress-elevated mitochondrial calcium and its function in neurodegenerative disorders. Inhibition of the MCU signaling pathway might be a new target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Liao
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100039, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yuan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Camilleri A, Vassallo N. The centrality of mitochondria in the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:591-602. [PMID: 24703487 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder leading to progressive motor impairment and for which there is no cure. From the first postmortem account describing a lack of mitochondrial complex I in the substantia nigra of PD sufferers, the direct association between mitochondrial dysfunction and death of dopaminergic neurons has ever since been consistently corroborated. In this review, we outline common pathways shared by both sporadic and familial PD that remarkably and consistently converge at the level of mitochondrial integrity. Furthermore, such knowledge has incontrovertibly established mitochondria as a valid therapeutic target in neurodegeneration. We discuss several mitochondria-directed therapies that promote the preservation, rescue, or restoration of dopaminergic neurons and which have been identified in the laboratory and in preclinical studies. Some of these have progressed to clinical trials, albeit the identification of an unequivocal disease-modifying neurotherapeutic is still elusive. The challenge is therefore to improve further, not least by more research on the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Camilleri
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida 2080, Malta
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Sripetchwandee J, Pipatpiboon N, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Combined therapy of iron chelator and antioxidant completely restores brain dysfunction induced by iron toxicity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85115. [PMID: 24400127 PMCID: PMC3882264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive iron accumulation leads to iron toxicity in the brain; however the underlying mechanism is unclear. We investigated the effects of iron overload induced by high iron-diet consumption on brain mitochondrial function, brain synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Iron chelator (deferiprone) and antioxidant (n-acetyl cysteine) effects on iron-overload brains were also studied. Methodology Male Wistar rats were fed either normal diet or high iron-diet consumption for 12 weeks, after which rats in each diet group were treated with vehicle or deferiprone (50 mg/kg) or n-acetyl cysteine (100 mg/kg) or both for another 4 weeks. High iron-diet consumption caused brain iron accumulation, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired brain synaptic plasticity and cognition, blood-brain-barrier breakdown, and brain apoptosis. Although both iron chelator and antioxidant attenuated these deleterious effects, combined therapy provided more robust results. Conclusion In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating that combined iron chelator and anti-oxidant therapy completely restored brain function impaired by iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Noppamas Pipatpiboon
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Curcumin pretreatment prevents potassium dichromate-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, decreased respiratory complex I activity, and membrane permeability transition pore opening. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:424692. [PMID: 23956771 PMCID: PMC3730379 DOI: 10.1155/2013/424692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from turmeric with recognized antioxidant properties. Hexavalent chromium is an environmental toxic and carcinogen compound that induces oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of curcumin on the hepatic damage generated by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in rats. Animals were pretreated daily by 9-10 days with curcumin (400 mg/kg b.w.) before the injection of a single intraperitoneal of K2Cr2O7 (15 mg/kg b.w.). Groups of animals were sacrificed 24 and 48 h later. K2Cr2O7-induced damage to the liver was evident by histological alterations and increase in the liver weight and in the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase in plasma. In addition, K2Cr2O7 induced oxidative damage in liver and isolated mitochondria, which was evident by the increase in the content of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl and decrease in the glutathione content and in the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, K2Cr2O7 induced decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, in the activity of respiratory complex I, and permeability transition pore opening. All the above-mentioned alterations were prevented by curcumin pretreatment. The beneficial effects of curcumin against K2Cr2O7-induced liver oxidative damage were associated with prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Sripetchwandee J, Sanit J, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter blocker effectively prevents brain mitochondrial dysfunction caused by iron overload. Life Sci 2013; 92:298-304. [PMID: 23333832 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although iron overload induces oxidative stress and brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, brain mitochondrial iron uptake has not been investigated. We determined the role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in brain mitochondria as a major route for iron entry. We hypothesized that iron overload causes brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and that the MCU blocker prevents iron entry into mitochondria, thus attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction. MAIN METHODS Isolated brain mitochondria from male Wistar rats were used. Iron (Fe(2+) and Fe(3+)) at 0-286 μM were applied onto mitochondria at various incubation times (5-30 min), and the mitochondrial function was determined. Effects of MCU blocker (Ru-360) and iron chelator were studied. KEY FINDINGS Both Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) entered brain mitochondria and caused mitochondrial swelling in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and caused mitochondrial depolarization and increased ROS production. However, Fe(2+) caused more severe mitochondrial dysfunction than Fe(3+). Although all drugs attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction caused by iron overload, only an MCU blocker could completely prevent ROS production and mitochondrial depolarization. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicated that iron overload caused brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and that an MCU blocker effectively prevented this impairment, suggesting that MCU could be the major portal for brain mitochondrial iron uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Sokolova TV, Rychkova MP, Voinova IV, Avrova NF. Dependence of protective effect of α-tocopherol on its concentration and time of action on pc12 cells under conditions of oxidative stress. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093011050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Sokolova TV, Rychkova MP, Zakharova IO, Voynova IV, Avrova NF. Alpha-tocopherol at nanomolar concentrations increases the viability of PC12 cells under oxidative stress conditions. The effects of modulation of signaling systems. NEUROCHEM J+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241103007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Vlasova YA, Avrova NF. Antioxidant effects of alpha-tocopherol at nanomolar concentrations: The role of the modulation of the activity of signaling systems. NEUROCHEM J+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712410030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Ferreira AGK, Lima DD, Delwing D, Mackedanz V, Tagliari B, Kolling J, Schuck PF, Wajner M, Wyse ATS. Proline impairs energy metabolism in cerebral cortex of young rats. Metab Brain Dis 2010; 25:161-8. [PMID: 20437088 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-010-9193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the effect of acute hyperprolinemia on some parameters of energy metabolism, including the activities of succinate dehydrogenase and cytocrome c oxidase and (14)CO(2) production from glucose and acetate in cerebral cortex of young rats. Lipid peroxidation determined by the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, as well as the influence of the antioxidants alpha-tocopherol plus ascorbic acid on the effects elicited by Pro on enzyme activities and on the lipid peroxidation were also evaluated. Wistar rats of 12 and 29 days of life received one subcutaneous injection of saline or proline (12.8 or 18.2 micromol/g body weight, respectively) and were sacrificed 1 h later. In another set of experiments, 5- and 22-day-old rats were pretreated for a week with daily intraperitoneal administration of alpha-tocopherol (40 mg/kg) plus ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) or saline. Twelve hours after the last injection, rats received one injection of proline or saline and were sacrificed 1 h later. Results showed that acute administration of proline significantly reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity and increased succinate dehydrogenase activity and (14)CO(2) production in cerebral cortex, suggesting that Pro might disrupt energy metabolism in brain of young rats. In addition, proline administration increased the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels, which were prevented by antioxidants. These findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress may be important contributors to the neurological dysfunction observed in some hyperprolinemic patients and that treatment with antioxidants may be beneficial in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa G K Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Pardo Andreu GL, Inada NM, Vercesi AE, Curti C. Uncoupling and oxidative stress in liver mitochondria isolated from rats with acute iron overload. Arch Toxicol 2008; 83:47-53. [PMID: 18560806 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-008-0322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One hypothesis for the etiology of cell damage arising from iron overload is that its excess selectively affects mitochondria. Here we tested the effects of acute iron overload on liver mitochondria isolated from rats subjected to a single dose of i.p. 500 mg/kg iron-dextran. The treatment increased the levels of iron in mitochondria (from 21 +/- 4 to 130 +/- 7 nmol/mg protein) and caused both lipid peroxidation and glutathione oxidation. The mitochondria of iron-treated rats showed lower respiratory control ratio in association with higher resting respiration. The mitochondrial uncoupling elicited by iron-treatment did not affect the phosphorylation efficiency or the ATP levels, suggesting that uncoupling is a mitochondrial protective mechanism against acute iron overload. Therefore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/H+ leak couple, functioning as a mitochondrial redox homeostatic mechanism could play a protective role in the acutely iron-loaded mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Pardo Andreu
- Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Centro de Química Farmacéutica, Calle 200, Esq. 21, Playa, CP 11600, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
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12
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Cuddihy SL, Ali SS, Musiek ES, Lucero J, Kopp SJ, Morrow JD, Dugan LL. Prolonged α-Tocopherol Deficiency Decreases Oxidative Stress and Unmasks α-Tocopherol-dependent Regulation of Mitochondrial Function in the Brain. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:6915-24. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702572200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Magalhães J, Ferreira R, Neuparth MJ, Oliveira PJ, Marques F, Ascensão A. Vitamin E prevents hypobaric hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007; 113:459-66. [PMID: 17576196 DOI: 10.1042/cs20070075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) on mice skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage induced by an in vivo acute and severe hypobaric hypoxic insult (48 h at a barometric pressure equivalent to 8500 m) has been investigated. Male mice (n=24) were randomly divided into the following four groups (n=6): control (C), hypoxia (H), vitamin E (VE; 60 mg/kg of body weight intraperitoneally, three times/week for 3 weeks) and hypoxia+VE (HVE). A significant increase in mitochondrial protein CGs (carbonyl groups) was found in the H group compared with the C group. Confirming previous observations from our group, hypoxia induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as identified by altered respiratory parameters. Hypoxia exposure increased Bax content and decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, whereas Bcl-2 remained unchanged. Inner and outer mitochondrial membrane integrity were significantly affected by hypoxia exposure; however, vitamin E treatment attenuated the effect of hypoxia on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and on the levels of CGs. Vitamin E supplementation also prevented the Bax and Bcl-2/Bax ratio impairments caused by hypoxia, as well as the decrease in inner and outer mitochondrial membrane integrity. In conclusion, the results suggest that vitamin E prevents the loss of mitochondrial integrity and function, as well as the increase in Bax content, which suggests that mitochondria are involved in increased cell death induced by severe hypobaric hypoxia in mice skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Magalhães
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
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Delwing D, Delwing D, Chiarani F, Kurek AG, Wyse ATS. Proline reduces brain cytochrome c oxidase: prevention by antioxidants. Int J Dev Neurosci 2007; 25:17-22. [PMID: 17197150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we initially investigated the in vivo (acute and chronic) and in vitro effects of proline on cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) activity in rat cerebral cortex to test the hypothesis that proline might alter energy metabolism and that this alteration could be provoked by oxidative stress. The action of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on the effects produced by proline was also evaluated. For acute administration, 29- and 60-day-old rats received one subcutaneous injection of proline (18.2 micromol/g body weight) or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline solution (control) and were sacrificed 1h later. For chronic treatment, proline was injected subcutaneously twice a day at 10h intervals from the 6(th) to the 28(th) day of age. Rats were sacrificed 12h (29(th)) or 31 days (60(th)) after the last injection. Results showed that acute administration of proline significantly diminished the activity of cytochrome c oxidase in the cerebral cortex of 29- and 60-day-old rats. On the other hand, chronic hyperprolinemia reduced this complex activity only on day 29, but not on the 60(th) day of life. In another set of experiments, 22-day-old rats or 53-day-old rats were pretreated for 1 week with daily intraperitoneal administration of alpha-tocopherol (40 mg/kg) and ascorbic acid (100mg/kg) or saline. Twelve hours after the last antioxidant injection, rats received a single injection of proline or saline and were killed 1h later. In parallel to chronic treatment, rats received a daily intraperitoneal injection of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid from the 6(th) to the 28(th) day of life and were killed 12h after the last injection. Results showed that the pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid before acute proline administration or concomitant to chronic proline administration significantly prevented these effects. We also observed that proline (3.0 microM-1.0 mM) when added to the incubation medium (in vitro studies) did not alter cytochrome c oxidase activity. Data suggest that the inhibitory effect of proline on cytochrome c oxidase activity is possibly associated with oxidative stress and that this parameter may be involved in the brain dysfunction observed in hyperprolinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Delwing
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Delwing D, Tagliari B, Chiarani F, Wannmacher CMD, Wajner M, Wyse ATDS. Alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid administration prevents the impairment of brain energy metabolism of hyperargininemic rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2006; 26:177-89. [PMID: 16619133 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-006-9022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. We have previously demonstrated that arginine administration induces oxidative stress and compromises energy metabolism in rat hippocampus. In the present study we initially investigated the influence of pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on the effects produced by arginine on hippocampus energy metabolism. We also tested the effect of acute administration of arginine on various parameters of energy metabolism, namely glucose uptake, lactate release and on the activities of succinate dehydrogenase, complex II and cytochrome c oxidase in rat cerebellum, as well as the influence of pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on the effects elicited by arginine on this structure. 2. Sixty-day-old female Wistar rats were treated with a single i.p. injection of saline (control) or arginine (0.8 g/kg) and were killed 1 h later. In another set of experiments, the animals were pretreated for 1 week with daily i.p. administration of saline (control) or alpha-tocopherol (40 mg/kg) and ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg). Twelve hours after the last injection of the antioxidants the rats received one i.p. injection of arginine (0.8 g/kg) or saline and were killed 1 h later. 3. Results showed that arginine administration significantly increased lactate release and diminished glucose uptake and the activities of succinate dehydrogenase and complex II in rat cerebellum. In contrast, complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) activity was not changed by this amino acid. Furthermore, pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid prevented the impairment of energy metabolism caused by hyperargininemia in cerebellum and hippocampus of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Delwing
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Magalhães J, Ascensão A, Soares JMC, Ferreira R, Neuparth MJ, Marques F, Duarte JA. Acute and severe hypobaric hypoxia increases oxidative stress and impairs mitochondrial function in mouse skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005; 99:1247-53. [PMID: 15905323 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01324.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe high-altitude hypoxia exposure is considered a triggering stimulus for redox disturbances at distinct levels of cellular organization. The effect of an in vivo acute and severe hypobaric hypoxic insult (48 h at a pressure equivalent to 8,500 m) on oxidative damage and respiratory function was analyzed in skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from vitamin E-supplemented (60 mg/kg ip, 3 times/wk for 3 wk) and nonsupplemented mice. Forty male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control + placebo, hypoxia + placebo (H + P), control + vitamin E, and hypoxia + vitamin E. Significant increases in mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 expression and protein carbonyls group levels and decreases in aconitase activity and sulfhydryl group content were found in the H + P group when compared with the control + placebo group. Mitochondrial respiration was significantly impaired in animals from the H + P group, as demonstrated by decreased state 3 respiratory control ratio and ADP-to-oxygen ratio and by increased state 4 with both complex I- and II-linked substrates. Using malate + pyruvate as substrates, hypoxia decreased the respiratory rate in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and also stimulated oligomycin-inhibited respiration. However, vitamin E treatment attenuated the effect of hypoxia on the mitochondrial levels of heat shock protein 60 and markers of oxidative stress. Vitamin E was also able to prevent most mitochondrial alterations induced by hypobaric hypoxia. In conclusion, hypobaric hypoxia increases mitochondrial oxidative stress while decreasing mitochondrial capacity for oxidative phosphorylation. Vitamin E was an effective preventive agent, which further supports the oxidative character of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Magalhães
- Department of Sport Biology, Faculty of Sport Science, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology University of Porto, Portugal.
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