1
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Dong W, Yang X, Li X, Wei S, An C, Zhang J, Shi X, Dong S. Investigation of N-Glycan Functions in Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products V Domain through Chemical Glycoprotein Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18270-18280. [PMID: 38917169 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a crucial role in inflammation-related pathways and various chronic diseases. Despite the recognized significance of N-glycosylation in the ligand-binding V domain (VD) of RAGE, a comprehensive understanding of the site-activity and structure-activity relationships is lacking due to the challenges in obtaining homogeneous glycoprotein samples through biological expression. Here, we combined chemical and chemoenzymatic approaches to synthesize RAGE-VD and its congeners with Asn3-glycosylation by incorporating precise N-glycan structures. Evaluation of these samples revealed that, in comparison to other RAGE-VD forms, α2,6-sialylated N-glycosylation at the Asn3 site results in more potent inhibition of HMGB1-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression in RAGE-overexpressing cells. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrum analysis revealed a sialylated RAGE-VD-induced interaction region within HMGB1. Conversely, Asn3 N-glycosylation in VD has negligible effects on RAGE-VD/S100B interactions. This study established an approach for accessing homogeneously glycosylated RAGE-VD and explored the modulatory effects of N-glycosylation on the interactions between RAGE-VD and its ligand proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xingyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuanjing An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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2
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Tolstova AP, Makarov AA, Adzhubei AA. Structure Comparison of Beta Amyloid Peptide Aβ 1-42 Isoforms. Molecular Dynamics Modeling. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:918-932. [PMID: 38241093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Beta amyloid peptide Aβ 1-42 (Aβ42) has a unique dual role in the human organism, as both the peptide with an important physiological function and one of the most toxic biological compounds provoking Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are several known Aβ42 isoforms that we discuss here that are highly neurotoxic and lead to the early onset of AD. Aβ42 is an intrinsically disordered protein with no experimentally solved structure under physiological conditions. The objective of this research was to establish the appropriate molecular dynamics (MD) methodology and model a uniform set of structures for the Aβ42 isoforms that form the core of this study. For that purpose, force field selection and verification including convergence testing for MD simulations was made. Replica exchange MD and conventional MD modeling of several Aβ42 and Aβ16 isoforms that have neurotoxic and amyloidogenic effects impacting the severity of Alzheimer's disease were carried out with the optimal force field and solvent parameters. A standardized ensemble of structures for the Aβ42 and Aβ16 isoforms covering 30-50% of the conformational ensembles extracted from the free energy minima was calculated from MD trajectories. The resulting data set of modeled structures includes Aβ42 wild type, isoD7, pS8, D7H, and H6R-Aβ42 and Aβ16 wild type, isoD7, pS8, D7H, and H6R-Aβ16. The representative structures are given in the Supporting Information; they are open for public access. In the study, we also evaluated the differences between the structures of Aβ42 isoforms and speculate on their possible relevance to the known functions. Utilizing several representative structures for a single disordered protein for docking, with their subsequent averaging by conformations, would markedly increase the reliability of docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Tolstova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexei A Adzhubei
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington 20052, D.C., United States
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3
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Hall LG, Czeczor JK, Connor T, Botella J, De Jong KA, Renton MC, Genders AJ, Venardos K, Martin SD, Bond ST, Aston-Mourney K, Howlett KF, Campbell JA, Collier GR, Walder KR, McKenzie M, Ziemann M, McGee SL. Amyloid beta 42 alters cardiac metabolism and impairs cardiac function in male mice with obesity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:258. [PMID: 38225272 PMCID: PMC10789867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
There are epidemiological associations between obesity and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. The role of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) in these diverse chronic diseases is obscure. Here we show that adipose tissue releases Aβ42, which is increased from adipose tissue of male mice with obesity and is associated with higher plasma Aβ42. Increasing circulating Aβ42 levels in male mice without obesity has no effect on systemic glucose homeostasis but has obesity-like effects on the heart, including reduced cardiac glucose clearance and impaired cardiac function. The closely related Aβ40 isoform does not have these same effects on the heart. Administration of an Aβ-neutralising antibody prevents obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy. Furthermore, Aβ-neutralising antibody administration in established obesity prevents further deterioration of cardiac function. Multi-contrast transcriptomic analyses reveal that Aβ42 impacts pathways of mitochondrial metabolism and exposure of cardiomyocytes to Aβ42 inhibits mitochondrial complex I. These data reveal a role for systemic Aβ42 in the development of cardiac disease in obesity and suggest that therapeutics designed for Alzheimer's disease could be effective in combating obesity-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam G Hall
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Juliane K Czeczor
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Becton Dickinson GmbH, Medical Affairs, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy Connor
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Javier Botella
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kirstie A De Jong
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark C Renton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Amanda J Genders
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kylie Venardos
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sheree D Martin
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Simon T Bond
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn Aston-Mourney
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kirsten F Howlett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | | | - Ken R Walder
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sean L McGee
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
- Ambetex Pty Ltd, Geelong, Australia.
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4
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Huang Q, Jiang C, Xia X, Wang Y, Yan C, Wang X, Lei T, Yang X, Yang W, Cheng G, Gao H. Pathological BBB Crossing Melanin-Like Nanoparticles as Metal-Ion Chelators and Neuroinflammation Regulators against Alzheimer's Disease. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0180. [PMID: 37363131 PMCID: PMC10289297 DOI: 10.34133/research.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses, manifested in excessive oxidative stress and microglia overactivation, together with metal ion-triggered amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, are critical hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The intricate pathogenesis causes severe impairment of neurons, which, in turn, exacerbates Aβ aggregation and facilitates AD progression. Herein, multifunctional melanin-like metal ion chelators and neuroinflammation regulators (named PDA@K) were constructed for targeted treatment of AD. In this platform, intrinsically bioactive material polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA) with potent metal ion chelating and ROS scavenging effects were decorated with the KLVFF peptide, endowing the system with the capacity of enhanced pathological blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing and lesion site accumulation via Aβ hitchhiking. In vitro and in vivo experiment revealed that PDA@K had high affinity toward Aβ and were able to hitch a ride on Aβ to achieve increased pathological BBB crossing. The engineered PDA@K effectively mitigated Aβ aggregate and alleviated neuroinflammation. The modulated inflammatory microenvironment by PDA@K promoted microglial polarization toward the M2-like phenotype, which restored their critical functions for neuron care and plaque removal. After 3-week treatment of PDA@K, spatial learning and memory deficit as well as neurologic changes of FAD4T transgenic mice were largely rescued. Transcriptomics analysis further revealed the therapeutic mechanism of PDA@K. Our study provided an appealing paradigm for directly utilizing intrinsic properties of nanomaterials as therapeutics for AD instead of just using them as nanocarriers, which largely widen the application of nanomaterials in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chenxing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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5
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Petrushanko IY, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA. Effect of β-amyloid on blood-brain barrier properties and function. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:183-197. [PMID: 37124923 PMCID: PMC10133432 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates in the brain, accompanied by impaired cognitive function, is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An important role in this process is played by vascular disorders, in particular, a disturbance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB controls the entry of Aβ from plasma to the brain via the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and the removal of brain-derived Aβ via the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1). The balance between the input of Aβ to the brain from the periphery and its output is disturbed during AD. Aβ changes the redox-status of BBB cells, which in turn changes the functioning of mitochondria and disrupts the barrier function of endothelial cells by affecting tight junction proteins. Aβ oligomers have the greatest toxic effect on BBB cells, and oligomers are most rapidly transferred by transcytosis from the brain side of the BBB to the blood side. Both the cytotoxic effect of Aβ and the impairment of barrier function are partly due to the interaction of Aβ monomers and oligomers with membrane-bound RAGE. AD therapies based on the disruption of this interaction or the creation of decoys for Aβ are being developed. The question of the transfer of various Aβ isoforms through the BBB is important, since it can influence the development of AD. It is shown that the rate of input of Aβ40 and Aβ42 from the blood into the brain is different. The actual question of the transfer of pathogenic Aβ isoforms with post-translational modifications or mutations through the BBB still remains open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yu. Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Taguchi K, Fukami K. RAGE signaling regulates the progression of diabetic complications. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1128872. [PMID: 37007029 PMCID: PMC10060566 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1128872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, the ninth leading cause of death globally, is expected to affect 642 million people by 2040. With the advancement of an aging society, the number of patients with diabetes having multiple underlying diseases, such as hypertension, obesity, and chronic inflammation, is increasing. Thus, the concept of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been accepted worldwide, and comprehensive treatment of patients with diabetes is required. Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), a multiligand receptor, belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily is extensively expressed throughout the body. Various types of ligands, including advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), high mobility group box 1, S100/calgranulins, and nucleic acids, bind to RAGE, and then induces signal transduction to amplify the inflammatory response and promote migration, invasion, and proliferation of cells. Furthermore, the expression level of RAGE is upregulated in patients with diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and chronic inflammation, suggesting that activation of RAGE is a common denominator in the context of DKD. Considering that ligand–and RAGE–targeting compounds have been developed, RAGE and its ligands can be potent therapeutic targets for inhibiting the progression of DKD and its complications. Here, we aimed to review recent literature on various signaling pathways mediated by RAGE in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Our findings highlight the possibility of using RAGE–or ligand–targeted therapy for treating DKD and its complications.
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7
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Richter E, Geetha T, Burnett D, Broderick TL, Babu JR. The Effects of Momordica charantia on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054643. [PMID: 36902074 PMCID: PMC10002567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T2DM is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. It is recognized as one of the most common metabolic disorders and its prevalence continues to raise major concerns in healthcare globally. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradual neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the chronic loss of cognitive and behavioral function. Recent research suggests a link between the two diseases. Considering the shared characteristics of both diseases, common therapeutic and preventive agents are effective. Certain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals found in vegetables and fruits can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that allow for preventative or potential treatment options for T2DM and AD. Recently, it has been estimated that up to one-third of patients with diabetes use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. Increasing evidence from cell or animal models suggests that bioactive compounds may have a direct effect on reducing hyperglycemia, amplifying insulin secretion, and blocking the formation of amyloid plaques. One plant that has received substantial recognition for its numerous bioactive properties is Momordica charantia (M. charantia), otherwise known as bitter melon, bitter gourd, karela, and balsam pear. M. charantia is utilized for its glucose-lowering effects and is often used as a treatment for diabetes and related metabolic conditions amongst the indigenous populations of Asia, South America, India, and East Africa. Several pre-clinical studies have documented the beneficial effects of M. charantia through various postulated mechanisms. Throughout this review, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the bioactive components of M. charantia will be highlighted. More studies will be necessary to establish the clinical efficacy of the bioactive compounds within M. charantia to effectively determine its pertinence in the treatment of metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, such as T2DM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Donna Burnett
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tom L. Broderick
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-223-844-3840
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8
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Lee HY, Baek S, Cha M, Yang SH, Cho I, Shin H, Lee S, Kim HY, Lee S, Shin J, Lee D, Kim K, Park I, Yoon S, Kim J, Park SJ, Kim SM, Kim KE, Kim HJ, Oh MS, Lee GH, Yu BY, Kannan P, Park K, Kim Y. Amyloid Against Amyloid: Dimeric Amyloid Fragment Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments by Direct Clearance of Oligomers and Plaques. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202210209. [PMID: 36316282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) in the form of neurotoxic aggregates is regarded as the main pathological initiator and key therapeutic target of Alzheimer's disease. However, anti-Aβ drug development has been impeded by the lack of a target needed for structure-based drug design and low permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). An attractive therapeutic strategy is the development of amyloid-based anti-Aβ peptidomimetics that exploit the self-assembling nature of Aβ and penetrate the BBB. Herein, we designed a dimeric peptide drug candidate based on the N-terminal fragment of Aβ, DAB, found to cross the BBB and solubilize Aβ oligomers and fibrils. Administration of DAB reduced amyloid burden in 5XFAD mice, and downregulated neuroinflammation and prevented memory impairment in the Y-maze test. Peptide mapping assays and molecular docking studies were utilized to elucidate DAB-Aβ interaction. To further understand the active regions of DAB, we assessed the dissociative activity of DAB with sequence modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yang Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Seungyeop Baek
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Minhae Cha
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Illhwan Cho
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Heewon Shin
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Sejin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Songmin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Jisu Shin
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Kyeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - InWook Park
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Soljee Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Seong Jeong Park
- Amyloid Solution Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Seong Muk Kim
- Amyloid Solution Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Ko Eun Kim
- Amyloid Solution Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Hye Ju Kim
- Amyloid Solution Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Min-Seok Oh
- Advanced Analysis and data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Gwan-Ho Lee
- Advanced Analysis and data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Yu
- Advanced Analysis and data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Priyadharshini Kannan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea.,Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.,Amyloid Solution Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
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9
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Lee HY, Baek S, Cha M, Yang S, Cho I, Shin H, Lee S, Kim HY, Lee S, Shin J, Lee D, Kim K, Park I, Yoon S, Kim J, Park SJ, Kim SM, Kim KE, Kim HJ, Oh M, Lee G, Yu B, Kannan P, Park K, Kim Y. Amyloid Against Amyloid: Dimeric Amyloid Fragment Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments by Direct Clearance of Oligomers and Plaques. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yang Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Seungyeop Baek
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Minhae Cha
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Seung‐Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology Dongguk University Jung-gu Seoul 04620 South Korea
| | - Illhwan Cho
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Heewon Shin
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Sejin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Songmin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Jisu Shin
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Kyeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - InWook Park
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Soljee Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Seong Jeong Park
- Amyloid Solution Bundang-gu Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 13486 South Korea
| | - Seong Muk Kim
- Amyloid Solution Bundang-gu Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 13486 South Korea
| | - Ko Eun Kim
- Amyloid Solution Bundang-gu Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 13486 South Korea
| | - Hye Ju Kim
- Amyloid Solution Bundang-gu Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 13486 South Korea
| | - Min‐Seok Oh
- Advanced Analysis and data Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 South Korea
- Department of Stem Cell Biology Konkuk University Gwangjin-Gu Seoul 05029 South Korea
| | - Gwan‐Ho Lee
- Advanced Analysis and data Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Byung‐Yong Yu
- Advanced Analysis and data Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Priyadharshini Kannan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering Gangneung-Wonju National University Gangneung 25457 South Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Gangwon-do 25451 South Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Gangwon-do 25451 South Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine Yonsei University Yeonsu-gu Incheon 21983 South Korea
- Amyloid Solution Bundang-gu Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 13486 South Korea
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10
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Varshavskaya KB, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Barykin EP. Synthetic, Cell-Derived, Brain-Derived, and Recombinant β-Amyloid: Modelling Alzheimer's Disease for Research and Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15036. [PMID: 36499362 PMCID: PMC9738609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, characterised by the accumulation of senile plaques and tau tangles, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in the brain. The development of AD is a pathological cascade starting according to the amyloid hypothesis with the accumulation and aggregation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which induces hyperphosphorylation of tau and promotes the pro-inflammatory activation of microglia leading to synaptic loss and, ultimately, neuronal death. Modelling AD-related processes is important for both studying the molecular basis of the disease and the development of novel therapeutics. The replication of these processes is often achieved with the use of a purified Aβ peptide. However, Aβ preparations obtained from different sources can have strikingly different properties. This review aims to compare the structure and biological effects of Aβ oligomers and aggregates of a higher order: synthetic, recombinant, purified from cell culture, or extracted from brain tissue. The authors summarise the applicability of Aβ preparations for modelling Aβ aggregation, neurotoxicity, cytoskeleton damage, receptor toxicity in vitro and cerebral amyloidosis, synaptic plasticity disruption, and cognitive impairment in vivo and ex vivo. Further, the paper discusses the causes of the reported differences in the effect of Aβ obtained from the sources mentioned above. This review points to the importance of the source of Aβ for AD modelling and could help researchers to choose the optimal way to model the Aβ-induced abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander A. Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Vavilov St. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Liu J, Ye T, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Sun J. Protective Effect of Ginkgolide B against Cognitive Impairment in Mice via Regulation of Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12230-12240. [PMID: 34633804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgolide B (GB) is one of the main bioactive components of Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts with neuroprotective activity. However, the neuroprotective mechanism link between the anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) efficiency of GB and gut microbiota have remained elusive. Here, we elucidated the effect and possible mechanism of GB against cognitive impairment in mice. Male mice were induced with d-galactose and aluminum chloride to establish an AD animal model, and then intragastrically treated with GB. Cognitive function was assessed by an object recognition test and an open-field test. Amyloid deposition and neuropathological change were detected. The levels of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), Bcl-2, and Bax were detected. Moreover, microbial compositions were measured by 16s rRNA sequencing. Our results showed that GB significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and neuropathological changes in AD model mice. Moreover, GB treatment remarkably reduced the levels of RAGE and Bax and increased the level of Bcl-2 in AD model mice. GB treatment reversed the decreased abundance of Lactobacillus and the increased abundance of Bacteroidales, Muribaculaceae, and Alloprevotella, which led to reconstruction of gut microbiota. These findings demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of GB in AD mice, which were partly mediated by modulating gut dysbiosis, indicating that GB might be a potentially active supplement to alleviate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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12
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Pucci M, Aria F, Premoli M, Maccarinelli G, Mastinu A, Bonini S, Memo M, Uberti D, Abate G. Methylglyoxal affects cognitive behaviour and modulates RAGE and Presenilin-1 expression in hippocampus of aged mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112608. [PMID: 34656697 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a potent glycotoxin that can be found in the diet, is one of the main precursors of Advanced glycation end products (AGEs). It is well known that modifications in lifestyle such as nutritional interventions can be of great value for preventing brain deterioration. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo how an oral MG treatment, that mimics a high MG dietary intake, could affect brain health. From our results, we demonstrated that MG administration affected working memory, and induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by modulating the Receptor for Advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The gene and protein expressions of RAGE were increased in the hippocampus of MG mice, an area where the activity of glyoxalase 1, one of the main enzymes involved in MG detoxification, was found reduced. Furthermore, at hippocampus level, MG mice showed increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and increased activities of NADPH oxidase and catalase. MG administration also increased the gene and protein expressions of Presenilin-1, a subunit of the gamma-secretase protein complex linked to Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that high MG oral intake induces alteration directly in the brain and might establish an environment predisposing to AD-like pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - F Aria
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, United States
| | - M Premoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - G Maccarinelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - A Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - S Bonini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - D Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy; Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - G Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
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13
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Ribeiro R, Santos AC, Calazans MO, De Oliveira ACP, Vieira LB. Is resveratrol a prospective therapeutic strategy in the co-association of glucose metabolism disorders and neurodegenerative diseases? Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2442-2457. [PMID: 34514962 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1972514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The mechanism behind the progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains poorly understood. However some evidence pointed out that the co-occurrence of metabolic conditions affecting glucose homeostasis, as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), may be an important catalyst in this context. Notably, candidate drugs which modulate common pathways in the development of MCI-to-AD mediated by T2DM may offer likely therapy for AD. Nonetheless, limited pharmacological alternatives that modulate common pathways in T2DM, MCI, and AD are available. In the recent decades, studies have shown that resveratrol may act as a neuroprotective compound, but little is known about its potential in improving cognitive and metabolic aspects associated with AD progression mediated by the co-association between TDM2-MCI.Methods: In this review, we discuss possible protective mechanisms of resveratrol on shared pathways associated with AD progression mediated by T2DM-MCI co-occurrence.Results: Some studies indicated that insulin resistance and hyperglycemia may be also a T2DM risk factor for the progression of MCI-to-AD, promoting alterations in metabolic pathways associated with neuronal plasticity, and increasing pro-inflammatory environment. Interestingly, basic research and clinical trials indicate that resveratrol may modulate those pathways, showing a potential neuroprotective effect of this polyphenol.Conclusion: Therefore, there is not enough clinical data supporting the translational therapeutic use of resveratrol in this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ribeiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M O Calazans
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A C P De Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L B Vieira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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14
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El Sayed NS, Kandil EA, Ghoneum MH. Enhancement of Insulin/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway and Modulation of Gut Microbiome by Probiotics Fermentation Technology, a Kefir Grain Product, in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Model in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:666502. [PMID: 34366841 PMCID: PMC8346028 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.666502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with cognitive dysfunction. Remarkably, alteration in the gut microbiome and resultant insulin resistance has been shown to be connected to metabolic syndrome, the crucial risk factor for AD, and also to be implicated in AD pathogenesis. Thus, this study, we assessed the efficiency of probiotics fermentation technology (PFT), a kefir product, in enhancing insulin signaling via modulation of gut microbiota to halt the development of AD. We also compared its effectiveness to that of pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer that has been confirmed to substantially treat AD. AD was induced in mice by a single injection of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ; 3 mg/kg). PFT (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (30 mg/kg) were administered orally for 3 weeks. Behavioral tests were conducted to assess cognitive function, and hippocampal levels of acetylcholine (Ach) and β-amyloid (Aβ1-42) protein were assessed along with histological examination. Moreover, the expression of the insulin receptor, insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), and the phosphorylated forms of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and tau were detected. Furthermore, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were estimated. Treatment with PFT reversed STZ-induced neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment, enhanced hippocampal Ach levels, and reduced Aβ1-42 levels after restoration of IDE activity. PFT also improved insulin signaling, as evidenced by upregulation of insulin receptor expression and activation of PI3K/Akt signaling with subsequent suppression of GSK-3β and mTOR signaling, which result in the downregulation of hyperphosphorylated tau. Moreover, PFT significantly diminished oxidative stress and inflammation induced by STZ. These potential effects were parallel to those produced by pioglitazone. Therefore, PFT targets multiple mechanisms incorporated in the pathogenesis of AD and hence might be a beneficial therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esraa A. Kandil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mamdooh H. Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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15
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Marulanda K, Mercel A, Gillis DC, Sun K, Gambarian M, Roark J, Weiss J, Tsihlis ND, Karver MR, Centeno SR, Peters EB, Clemons TD, Stupp SI, McLean SE, Kibbe MR. Intravenous Delivery of Lung-Targeted Nanofibers for Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100302. [PMID: 34061473 PMCID: PMC8273153 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a highly morbid disease with no cure. Available treatments are limited by systemic adverse effects due to non-specific biodistribution. Self-assembled peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers are biocompatible nanomaterials that can be modified to recognize specific biological markers to provide targeted drug delivery and reduce off-target toxicity. Here, PA nanofibers that target the angiotensin I-converting enzyme and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are developed, as both proteins are overexpressed in the lung with pulmonary hypertension. It is demonstrated that intravenous delivery of RAGE-targeted nanofibers containing the targeting epitope LVFFAED (LVFF) significantly accumulated within the lung in a chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension mouse model. Using 3D light sheet fluorescence microscopy, it is shown that LVFF nanofiber localization is specific to the diseased pulmonary tissue with immunofluorescence analysis demonstrating colocalization of the targeted nanofiber to RAGE in the hypoxic lung. Furthermore, biodistribution studies show that significantly more LVFF nanofibers localized to the lung compared to major off-target organs. Targeted nanofibers are retained within the pulmonary tissue for 24 h after injection. Collectively, these data demonstrate the potential of a RAGE-targeted nanomaterial as a drug delivery platform to treat pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Marulanda
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 4041 Burnett Womack, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alexandra Mercel
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 4041 Burnett Womack, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David C Gillis
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 4041 Burnett Womack, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kui Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 4041 Burnett Womack, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Maria Gambarian
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 4041 Burnett Womack, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joshua Roark
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 4041 Burnett Womack, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jenna Weiss
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 4041 Burnett Womack, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nick D Tsihlis
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 4041 Burnett Womack, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mark R Karver
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - S Ruben Centeno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, 260 MacNider Building CB# 7220, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Erica B Peters
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 4041 Burnett Womack, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tristan D Clemons
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sean E McLean
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 4041 Burnett Womack, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Melina R Kibbe
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 4041 Burnett Womack, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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16
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Alghamdi A, Forbes S, Birch DJS, Vyshemirsky V, Rolinski OJ. Detecting beta-amyloid glycation by intrinsic fluorescence - Understanding the link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 704:108886. [PMID: 33887256 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We monitor early stages of beta-amyloid (Aβ1-40) aggregation, one of the key processes leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD), in the presence of high glucose concentrations by measuring Aβ1- 40 intrinsic fluorescence. The multiple peaks and their shifts observed in the time-resolved emission spectra (TRES) reveal the impact of glycation on Aβ1- 40 oligomerisation. The results show that formation of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) alters the aggregation pathway. These changes are highly relevant to our understanding of the pathophysiology of AD and the implication of AGE and diabetes in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Alghamdi
- Photophysics Group, Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K
| | - Shareen Forbes
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David J S Birch
- Photophysics Group, Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K
| | | | - Olaf J Rolinski
- Photophysics Group, Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K.
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17
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Eshraghi M, Adlimoghaddam A, Mahmoodzadeh A, Sharifzad F, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Lorzadeh S, Albensi BC, Ghavami S. Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: Role of Autophagy and Mitophagy Focusing in Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3330. [PMID: 33805142 PMCID: PMC8036323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurological disorder, and currently, there is no cure for it. Several pathologic alterations have been described in the brain of AD patients, but the ultimate causative mechanisms of AD are still elusive. The classic hallmarks of AD, including amyloid plaques (Aβ) and tau tangles (tau), are the most studied features of AD. Unfortunately, all the efforts targeting these pathologies have failed to show the desired efficacy in AD patients so far. Neuroinflammation and impaired autophagy are two other main known pathologies in AD. It has been reported that these pathologies exist in AD brain long before the emergence of any clinical manifestation of AD. Microglia are the main inflammatory cells in the brain and are considered by many researchers as the next hope for finding a viable therapeutic target in AD. Interestingly, it appears that the autophagy and mitophagy are also changed in these cells in AD. Inside the cells, autophagy and inflammation interact in a bidirectional manner. In the current review, we briefly discussed an overview on autophagy and mitophagy in AD and then provided a comprehensive discussion on the role of these pathways in microglia and their involvement in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eshraghi
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aida Adlimoghaddam
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (A.A.); (B.C.A.)
| | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Farzaneh Sharifzad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
| | - Benedict C. Albensi
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (A.A.); (B.C.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
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18
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Effects of S100B neutralization on the long-term cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory response in an animal model of sepsis. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104906. [PMID: 33232757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system is one of the first systems to be affected during sepsis. Sepsis not only has a high risk of mortality, but could also lead to cerebral dysfunction and cognitive impairment in long-term survival patients. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) can interact with several ligands, and its activation triggers a series of cell signaling events, resulting in the hyperinflammatory condition related to sepsis. Recent studies show that elevated levels of S100B (RAGE ligand) are associated with the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. They also participate in inflammatory brain diseases and may lead to an increased activation of microglia and astrocytes, leading to neuronal death. This study aimed to determine the effect of S100B inhibition on the neuroinflammatory response in sepsis. Sepsis was induced in Wistar rats by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). There were three groups: Sham, CLP, and CLP +10 μg/kg of monoclonal antibody (Anti-S100B) administered intracerebroventricularly. The animals were killed 30 days after sepsis following behavioral evaluation by open field, novel object recognition, and splash test. The hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amydgala were used for the determination of S100B and RAGE proteins by western blotting and for the evaluation of cytokine levels and verification of the number of microglial cells by immunohistochemistry. On day 30, both the Sham and CLP + anti-S100B groups were capable of recovering the habitual memory in the open field task. Regarding novel object recognition, Sham and CLP + anti-S100B groups increased the recognition index during the test session in comparison to the training session. There was a significant increase in the time of grooming in CLP + anti-S100B in comparison to the CLP group. There was a modulation of cytokine levels and immunohistochemistry showed that the CLP + anti-S100B group had a decrease in the number of microglial cells only in the hippocampus. These results helped to understand the role of S100B protein in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy and could be helpful to further experimental studies regarding this subject.
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19
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Li Z, Yang P, Feng B. Effect of atorvastatin on AGEs-induced injury of cerebral cortex via inhibiting NADPH oxidase -NF-κB pathway in ApoE -/- mice. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9479-9488. [PMID: 33210255 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a group of modified proteins and/or lipids with damaging potential. AGEs-RAGE pathway plays a critical role to induce neurodegenerative encephalopathy. Statins can reduce the expression of AGEs-induced AGEs receptor (RAGE) in the aorta. It is not clear whether statins have potential benefits on AGEs-induced cognitive impairment. In this study, the effects of atorvastatin (ATV) on inflammation and oxidation stress in the cerebral cortex were investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were explored. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-/- male mice were divided into four groups: control, AGEs, AGEs + ALT711 (Alagebrium chloride) and AGEs + ATV. β-amyloid (Aβ) formation in the cerebral cortex was assessed through Congo red staining and the functional state of neurons was evaluated by Nissl's staining. Immunostaining was performed to assess the accumulation of AGEs in the cerebral cortex. The expressions of mRNA and protein of RAGE, Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH oxidase) p47phox were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot. There were significant increases in AGEs deposit, Aβ formation, and the expressions of RAGE, NF-κB p65, and NADPH oxidase p47phox, and a decrease Nissl body in AGEs group compared with control group. ALT711 group recovered above change compared with AGEs group. Atorvastatin reduced Aβ formation and suppressed AGEs-induced expressions of NF-κB p65 and NADPH oxidase p47phox. Atorvastatin has little effects on AGEs deposit and RAGE expressions. Atorvastatin alleviates AGEs-induced neuronal impairment by alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress via inhibiting NADPH oxidase-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiye Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi Childern's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Rahman MS, Behl T, Jeandet P, Ashraf GM, Najda A, Bin-Jumah MN, El-Seedi HR, Abdel-Daim MM. Revisiting the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis: From Anti-Aβ Therapeutics to Auspicious New Ways for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165858. [PMID: 32824102 PMCID: PMC7461598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder related to age, characterized by the cerebral deposition of fibrils, which are made from the amyloid-β (Aβ), a peptide of 40–42 amino acids. The conversion of Aβ into neurotoxic oligomeric, fibrillar, and protofibrillar assemblies is supposed to be the main pathological event in AD. After Aβ accumulation, the clinical symptoms fall out predominantly due to the deficient brain clearance of the peptide. For several years, researchers have attempted to decline the Aβ monomer, oligomer, and aggregate levels, as well as plaques, employing agents that facilitate the reduction of Aβ and antagonize Aβ aggregation, or raise Aβ clearance from brain. Unluckily, broad clinical trials with mild to moderate AD participants have shown that these approaches were unsuccessful. Several clinical trials are running involving patients whose disease is at an early stage, but the preliminary outcomes are not clinically impressive. Many studies have been conducted against oligomers of Aβ which are the utmost neurotoxic molecular species. Trials with monoclonal antibodies directed against Aβ oligomers have exhibited exciting findings. Nevertheless, Aβ oligomers maintain equivalent states in both monomeric and aggregation forms; so, previously administered drugs that precisely decrease Aβ monomer or Aβ plaques ought to have displayed valuable clinical benefits. In this article, Aβ-based therapeutic strategies are discussed and several promising new ways to fight against AD are appraised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-171-022-0110
| | - Md. Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Laboratory of Quality of Vegetables and Medicinal Plants, Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - May N. Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32512, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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21
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Impact of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 in Alzheimer's Disease (AD): From Risk Factors to Therapeutic Targeting. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020383. [PMID: 32046119 PMCID: PMC7072620 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia, with accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) as defining pathological features. AD presents a serious global health concern with no cure to date, reflecting the complexity of its pathogenesis. Recent evidence indicates that neuroinflammation serves as the link between amyloid deposition, Tau pathology, and neurodegeneration. The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, an initiator and activator of neuroinflammatory responses, has been involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. HMGB1 is a typical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein that exerts its biological activity mainly through binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). RAGE and TLR4 are key components of the innate immune system that both bind to HMGB1. Targeting of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 in experimental AD models has demonstrated beneficial effects in halting AD progression by suppressing neuroinflammation, reducing Aβ load and production, improving spatial learning, and inhibiting microglial stimulation. Herein, we discuss the contribution of HMGB1 and its receptor signaling in neuroinflammation and AD pathogenesis, providing evidence of its beneficial effects upon therapeutic targeting.
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22
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Cuevas E, Rosas-Hernandez H, Burks SM, Ramirez-Lee MA, Guzman A, Imam SZ, Ali SF, Sarkar S. Amyloid Beta 25-35 induces blood-brain barrier disruption in vitro. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1365-1374. [PMID: 31267346 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by binding with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Previously, we demonstrated that the Aβ fraction 25-35 (Aβ25-35) increases RAGE expression in the rat hippocampus, likely contributing to its neurotoxic effects. However, it is still debated if the interaction of Aβ with RAGE compromises the BBB function in Alzheimer' disease (AD). Here, we evaluated the effects of Aβ25-35 in an established in vitro model of the BBB. Rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMVECs) were treated with 20 μM active Aβ25-35 or the inactive Aβ35-25 (control), for 24 h. Exposure to Aβ25-35 significantly decreased cell viability, increased cellular necrosis, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which triggered a decrease in the enzyme glutathione peroxidase when compared to the control condition. Aβ25-35 also increased BBB permeability by altering the expression of tight junction proteins (decreasing zonula occludens-1 and increasing occludin). Aβ25-35 induced monolayer disruption and cellular disarrangement of the BBB, with RAGE being highly expressed in the zones of disarrangement. Together, these data suggest that Aβ25-35-induces toxicity by compromising the functionality and integrity of the BBB in vitro. Graphical abstract Aβ25-35 induces BBB dysfunction in vitro, wich is likely mediated by OS and ultimately leads to disruption of BBB integrity and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Cuevas
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Hector Rosas-Hernandez
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Susan M Burks
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Manuel A Ramirez-Lee
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Aida Guzman
- Escuela Nacional Preparatoria-UNAM, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Syed Z Imam
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Syed F Ali
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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23
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Ganesh D, Torigoe K, Kumano-Kuramochi M, Machida S, Kobori T. Microplate-based Assay for Screening of Advanced Glycation End Products Binding to Its Receptor. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:237-240. [PMID: 30643096 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18c021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) are a group of amino-acid modifications produced with sugars or di-carbonyls. Some AGEs are known to affect health through binding to the receptor of AGEs (RAGE). Here, we propose a method for screening RAGE-binding AGEs by a competitive assay using purified RAGE and AGEs-specific antibody. This method has clarified that at least carboxyethyl lysine and pentosidine among methylglyoxal-derived AGEs are involved in RAGE binding, suggesting that this would be a promising method for classifying RAGE-binding AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Ganesh
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Kyoko Torigoe
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | | | - Sachiko Machida
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Toshiro Kobori
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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24
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Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Bioactive Compounds on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8165707. [PMID: 30800211 PMCID: PMC6360036 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8165707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder characterized by a chronic loss of cognitive and behavioral function. Considering the shared characteristics of both diseases, common therapeutic and preventive agents may be effective. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins, and carotenoids found in vegetables and fruits can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These effects make them suitable candidates for the prevention or treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence from cell or animal models suggest that bioactive compounds may have direct effects on decreasing hyperglycemia, enhancing insulin secretion, and preventing formation of amyloid plaques. The possible underlying molecular mechanisms are described in this review. More studies are needed to establish the clinical effects of bioactive compounds.
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25
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Huang WH, Chen W, Jiang LY, Yang YX, Yao LF, Li KS. Influence of ADAM10 Polymorphisms on Plasma Level of Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and The Association With Alzheimer's Disease Risk. Front Genet 2018; 9:540. [PMID: 30555509 PMCID: PMC6282062 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the role of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) in genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a representative Chinese sample, we genotyped 362 AD patients and 370 healthy controls for the rs514049A/C and rs653765C/T polymorphisms in the ADAM10 promoter using the SNaPshot technique. We also examined the potential impact of these polymorphisms on the plasma level of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), a decoy receptor whose reduction has been associated with a higher risk of AD. Additionally, a meta-analysis was performed using the present study and the largest GWAS from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP). No significant differences were found in the distributions of genotypes or alleles between AD patients and control subjects. However, age-at-onset stratification analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the genotypes (P = 0.015) and alleles (P = 0.006) of the rs653765 SNP. Furthermore, patients with the rs653765 CC genotype showed a lower ADAM10 level and a faster cognitive deterioration than those in patients with the CT/TT genotype in late-onset AD (LOAD), and the rs653765 CC polymorphism was able to regulate the production of the ADAM10 substrate sRAGE. In contrast, the rs514049 polymorphism was not statistically associated with AD. In the meta-analysis, we observed that both rs514049 (A allele vs. C allele, P = 0.002) and rs653765 (C allele vs. T allele, P = 0.004) were associated with AD risk. The present study indicated that the rs653765 polymorphism might be associated with the risk and development of LOAD; in particular, the risk genotype, CC, may decrease the expression of ADAM10, influencing the plasma levels of sRAGE, and thus may be correlated with the clinical progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Ying Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yi-Xia Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Li-Fen Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ke-Shen Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Ahmad S, Khan H, Siddiqui Z, Khan MY, Rehman S, Shahab U, Godovikova T, Silnikov V, Moinuddin. AGEs, RAGEs and s-RAGE; friend or foe for cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 49:44-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Frevert CW, Felgenhauer J, Wygrecka M, Nastase MV, Schaefer L. Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns Derived From the Extracellular Matrix Provide Temporal Control of Innate Immunity. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:213-227. [PMID: 29290139 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417740880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is evident that components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through direct interactions with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasomes. Through these interactions, ECM-derived DAMPs autonomously trigger sterile inflammation or prolong pathogen-induced responses through the production of proinflammatory mediators and the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of injury and infection. Recent research, however, suggests that ECM-derived DAMPs are additionally involved in the resolution and fine-tuning of inflammation by orchestrating the production of anti-inflammatory mediators that are required for the resolution of tissue inflammation and the transition to acquired immunity. Thus, in this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the interplay between ECM-derived DAMPs and the innate immune signaling pathways that are activated to provide temporal control of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Madalina V Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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28
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Álvarez K, Vasquez G. Damage-associated molecular patterns and their role as initiators of inflammatory and auto-immune signals in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 36:259-270. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1365146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Álvarez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Universidad de Antioquia, carrera 53 numero 61-30, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gloria Vasquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Universidad de Antioquia, carrera 53 numero 61-30, Medellin, Colombia
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29
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Bhattacharyya S, Varga J. Endogenous ligands of TLR4 promote unresolving tissue fibrosis: Implications for systemic sclerosis and its targeted therapy. Immunol Lett 2017; 195:9-17. [PMID: 28964818 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis, the hallmark of scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (SSc), is a complex, dynamic and generally irreversible pathophysiological process that leads to tissue disruption, and lacks effective therapy. While early-stage fibrosis resembles normal wound healing, in SSc fibrosis fails to resolve. Innate immune signaling via toll-like receptors (TLRs) has recently emerged as a key driver of persistent fibrotic response in SSc. Recurrent injury in genetically predisposed individual causes generation of "damage-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs) such as fibronectin-EDA and tenascin-C. Sensing of these danger signals by TLR4 on resident cells elicits potent stimulatory effects on fibrotic gene expression and myofibroblast differentiation, and appears to sensitize fibroblasts to the profibrotic stimulatory effect of TGF-β. Thus, DAMPs induce TLR4-mediated innate immune signaling on resident mesenchymal cells which drives the emergence and persistence of fibrotic cells in tissues, and underlies the switch from a self-limited repair response to non-resolving pathological fibrosis characteristic of SSc. In this review, we present current views of the DAMP-TLR4 axis in driving sustained fibroblasts activation and its pathogenic roles in fibrosis progression in SSc, and potential anti-fibrotic approaches for selective therapeutic targeting of TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bhattacharyya
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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30
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Bongarzone S, Savickas V, Luzi F, Gee AD. Targeting the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE): A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7213-7232. [PMID: 28482155 PMCID: PMC5601361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is an ubiquitous,
transmembrane, immunoglobulin-like receptor that exists in multiple
isoforms and binds to a diverse range of endogenous extracellular
ligands and intracellular effectors. Ligand binding at the extracellular
domain of RAGE initiates a complex intracellular signaling cascade,
resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), immunoinflammatory
effects, cellular proliferation, or apoptosis with concomitant upregulation
of RAGE itself. To date, research has mainly focused on the correlation
between RAGE activity and pathological conditions, such as cancer,
diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. Because
RAGE plays a role in many pathological disorders, it has become an
attractive target for the development of inhibitors at the extracellular
and intracellular domains. This review describes the role of endogenous
RAGE ligands/effectors in normo- and pathophysiological processes,
summarizes the current status of exogenous small-molecule inhibitors
of RAGE and concludes by identifying key strategies for future therapeutic
intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Bongarzone
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners , St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Vilius Savickas
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners , St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Luzi
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners , St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Antony D Gee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners , St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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31
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Nutrition and AGE-ing: Focusing on Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7039816. [PMID: 28168012 PMCID: PMC5266861 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7039816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the role of food and nutrition in preventing or delaying chronic disability in the elderly population has received great attention. Thanks to their ability to influence biochemical and biological processes, bioactive nutrients are considered modifiable factors capable of preserving a healthy brain status. A diet rich in vitamins and polyphenols and poor in saturated fatty acids has been recommended. In the prospective of a healthy diet, cooking methods should be also considered. In fact, cooking procedures can modify the original dietary content, contributing not only to the loss of healthy nutrients, but also to the formation of toxins, including advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These harmful compounds are adsorbed at intestinal levels and can contribute to the ageing process. The accumulation of AGEs in ageing (“AGE-ing”) is further involved in the exacerbation of neurodegenerative and many other chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss food's dual role as both source of bioactive nutrients and reservoir for potential toxic compounds—paying particular attention to the importance of proper nutrition in preventing/delaying Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we focus on the importance of a good education in processing food in order to benefit from the nutritional properties of an optimal diet.
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32
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Park SW, Kim JH, Park SM, Moon M, Lee KH, Park KH, Park WJ, Kim JH. RAGE mediated intracellular Aβ uptake contributes to the breakdown of tight junction in retinal pigment epithelium. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35263-73. [PMID: 26431165 PMCID: PMC4742103 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) has been implicated in neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intracellular Aβ also contributes to tight junction breakdown of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although Aβ is predominantly secreted from neuronal cells, the mechanism of Aβ transport into RPE remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that intracellular Aβ was found concomitantly with the breakdown of tight junction in RPE after subretinal injection of Aβ into the mouse eye. We also presented evidence that receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) contributed to endocytosis of Aβ in RPE. siRNA-mediated knockdown of RAGE prevented intracellular Aβ accumulation as well as subsequent tight junction breakdown in RPE. In addition, we found that RAGE-mediated p38 MAPK signaling contributed to endocytosis of Aβ. Blockade of RAGE/p38 MAPK signaling inhibited Aβ endocytosis, thereby preventing tight junction breakdown in RPE. These results implicate that intracellular Aβ contributes to the breakdown of tight junction in RPE via the RAGE/p38 MAPK-mediated endocytosis. Thus, we suggest that RAGE could be a potential therapeutic target for intracellular Aβ induced outer BRB breakdown in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Park
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Concentration GIST (Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology), Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Hwang Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Concentration GIST (Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology), Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
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33
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The Role of Neutrophil Proteins on the Amyloid Beta-RAGE Axis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163330. [PMID: 27676391 PMCID: PMC5038948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed an elevated expression of the neutrophil protein, cationic antimicrobial protein of 37kDa (CAP37), in brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting that CAP37 could be involved in AD pathogenesis. The first step in determining how CAP37 might contribute to AD pathogenesis was to identify the receptor through which it induces cell responses. To identify a putative receptor, we performed GAMMA analysis to determine genes that positively correlated with CAP37 in terms of expression. Positive correlations with ligands for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were observed. Additionally, CAP37 expression positively correlated with two other neutrophil proteins, neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) demonstrated an interaction between CAP37, neutrophil elastase, and cathepsin G with RAGE. Amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ1–42), a known RAGE ligand, accumulates in AD brains and interacts with RAGE, contributing to Aβ1–42 neurotoxicity. We questioned whether the binding of CAP37, neutrophil elastase and/or cathepsin G to RAGE could interfere with Aβ1–42 binding to RAGE. Using ELISAs, we determined that CAP37 and neutrophil elastase inhibited binding of Aβ1–42 to RAGE, and this effect was reversed by protease inhibitors in the case of neutrophil elastase. Since neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G have enzymatic activity, mass spectrometry was performed to determine the proteolytic activity of all three neutrophil proteins on Aβ1–42. All three neutrophil proteins bound to Aβ1–42 with different affinities and cleaved Aβ1–42 with different kinetics and substrate specificities. We posit that these neutrophil proteins could modulate neurotoxicity in AD by cleaving Aβ1–42 and influencing the Aβ1–42 –RAGE interaction. Further studies will be required to determine the biological significance of these effects and their relevance in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Our findings identify a novel area of study that underscores the importance of neutrophils and neutrophil proteins in neuroinflammatory diseases such as AD.
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Lubitz I, Ricny J, Atrakchi‐Baranes D, Shemesh C, Kravitz E, Liraz‐Zaltsman S, Maksin‐Matveev A, Cooper I, Leibowitz A, Uribarri J, Schmeidler J, Cai W, Kristofikova Z, Ripova D, LeRoith D, Schnaider‐Beeri M. High dietary advanced glycation end products are associated with poorer spatial learning and accelerated Aβ deposition in an Alzheimer mouse model. Aging Cell 2016; 15:309-16. [PMID: 26781037 PMCID: PMC4783343 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence of the involvement of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative processes including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their function as a seed for the aggregation of Aβ, a hallmark feature of AD. AGEs are formed endogenously and exogenously during heating and irradiation of foods. We here examined the effect of a diet high in AGEs in the context of an irradiated diet on memory, insoluble Aβ42, AGEs levels in hippocampus, on expression of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), and on oxidative stress in the vasculature. We found that AD‐like model mice on high‐AGE diet due to irradiation had significantly poorer memory, higher hippocampal levels of insoluble Aβ42 and AGEs as well as higher levels of oxidative stress on vascular walls, compared to littermates fed an isocaloric diet. These differences were not due to weight gain. The data were further supported by the overexpression of RAGE, which binds to Aβ42 and regulates its transport across the blood–brain barrier, suggesting a mediating pathway. Because exposure to AGEs can be diminished, these insights provide an important simple noninvasive potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating a major lifestyle‐linked disease epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Lubitz
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center Tel Hashomer Ramat Gan 52621 Israel
| | - Jan Ricny
- Department of Biochemistry and Brain Pathophysiology National Institute of Mental Health Topolova 748 Klecany 250 67 Czech Republic
| | | | - Chen Shemesh
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center Tel Hashomer Ramat Gan 52621 Israel
| | - Efrat Kravitz
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center Tel Hashomer Ramat Gan 52621 Israel
| | | | | | - Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center Tel Hashomer Ramat Gan 52621 Israel
| | - Avshalom Leibowitz
- Department of Internal Medicine D and Hypertension Unit Sheba Medical CenterRamat Gan 52621 Israel
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York NY 10029 USA
| | - James Schmeidler
- Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York NY 10029 USA
| | - Weijing Cai
- Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York NY 10029 USA
| | - Zdena Kristofikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Brain Pathophysiology National Institute of Mental Health Topolova 748 Klecany 250 67 Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Ripova
- Department of Biochemistry and Brain Pathophysiology National Institute of Mental Health Topolova 748 Klecany 250 67 Czech Republic
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Department of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai New York NY 10029 USA
| | - Michal Schnaider‐Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center Tel Hashomer Ramat Gan 52621 Israel
- Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York NY 10029 USA
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A Novel, Multi-Target Natural Drug Candidate, Matrine, Improves Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mice by Inhibiting Aβ Aggregation and Blocking the RAGE/Aβ Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1939-1952. [PMID: 26899576 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of AD is a topic that has puzzled researchers for many years. Current mainstream theories still consider Aβ to be the most important target for the cure of AD. In this study, we attempted to explore multiple targets for AD treatments with the aim of identifying a qualified compound that could both inhibit the aggregation of Aβ and block the RAGE/Aβ axis. We believed that a compound that targets both Aβ and RAGE may be a feasible strategy for AD treatment. A novel and small natural compound, Matrine (Mat), was identified by high-throughput screening of the main components of traditional Chinese herbs used to treat dementia. Various experimental techniques were used to evaluate the effect of Mat on these two targets both in vitro and in AD mouse model. Mat could inhibit Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity and suppress the Aβ/RAGE signaling pathway in vitro. Additionally, the results of in vivo evaluations of the effects of Mat on the two targets were consistent with the results of our in vitro studies. Furthermore, Mat reduced proinflammatory cytokines and Aβ deposition and attenuated the memory deficits of AD transgenic mice. We believe that this novel, multi-target strategy to inhibit both Aβ and RAGE, is worthy of further exploration. Therefore, our future studies will focus on identifying even more effective multi-target compounds for the treatment of AD based on the molecular structure of Mat.
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Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a receptor of the immunoglobulin super family that plays various important roles under physiological and pathological conditions. Compelling evidence suggests that RAGE acts as both an inflammatory intermediary and a critical inducer of oxidative stress, underlying RAGE-induced Alzheimer-like pathophysiological changes that drive the process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A critical role of RAGE in AD includes beta-amyloid (Aβ) production and accumulation, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, failure of synaptic transmission, and neuronal degeneration. The steady-state level of Aβ depends on the balance between production and clearance. RAGE plays an important role in the Aβ clearance. RAGE acts as an important transporter via regulating influx of circulating Aβ into brain, whereas the efflux of brain-derived Aβ into the circulation via BBB is implemented by LRP1. RAGE could be an important contributor to Aβ generation via enhancing the activity of β- and/or γ-secretases and activating inflammatory response and oxidative stress. However, sRAGE-Aβ interactions could inhibit Aβ neurotoxicity and promote Aβ clearance from brain. Meanwhile, RAGE could be a promoting factor for the synaptic dysfunction and neuronal circuit dysfunction which are both the material structure of cognition, and the physiological and pathological basis of cognition. In addition, RAGE could be a trigger for the pathogenesis of Aβ and tau hyper-phosphorylation which both participate in the process of cognitive impairment. Preclinical and clinical studies have supported that RAGE inhibitors could be useful in the treatment of AD. Thus, an effective measure to inhibit RAGE may be a novel drug target in AD.
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Modeling the interaction between quinolinate and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE): relevance for early neuropathological processes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120221. [PMID: 25757085 PMCID: PMC4354912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a pattern-recognition receptor involved in neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders. RAGE induces cellular signaling upon binding to a variety of ligands. Evidence suggests that RAGE up-regulation is involved in quinolinate (QUIN)-induced toxicity. We investigated the QUIN-induced toxic events associated with early noxious responses, which might be linked to signaling cascades leading to cell death. The extent of early cellular damage caused by this receptor in the rat striatum was characterized by image processing methods. To document the direct interaction between QUIN and RAGE, we determined the binding constant (Kb) of RAGE (VC1 domain) with QUIN through a fluorescence assay. We modeled possible binding sites of QUIN to the VC1 domain for both rat and human RAGE. QUIN was found to bind at multiple sites to the VC1 dimer, each leading to particular mechanistic scenarios for the signaling evoked by QUIN binding, some of which directly alter RAGE oligomerization. This work contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon of RAGE-QUIN recognition, leading to the modulation of RAGE function.
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Schaefer L. Complexity of danger: the diverse nature of damage-associated molecular patterns. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35237-45. [PMID: 25391648 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r114.619304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In reply to internal or external danger stimuli, the body orchestrates an inflammatory response. The endogenous triggers of this process are the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs represent a heterogeneous group of molecules that draw their origin either from inside the various compartments of the cell or from the extracellular space. Following interaction with pattern recognition receptors in cross-talk with various non-immune receptors, DAMPs determine the downstream signaling outcome of septic and aseptic inflammatory responses. In this review, the diverse nature, structural characteristics, and signaling pathways elicited by DAMPs will be critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Schaefer
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und -Sicherheit (ZAFES), Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Elevated risk of type 2 diabetes for development of Alzheimer disease: a key role for oxidative stress in brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1693-706. [PMID: 24949886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among the elderly and is characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognition. Epidemiological data show that the incidence of AD increases with age and doubles every 5 years after 65 years of age. From a neuropathological point of view, amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) leads to senile plaques, which, together with hyperphosphorylated tau-based neurofibrillary tangles and synapse loss, are the principal pathological hallmarks of AD. Aβ is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, and induces calcium-dependent excitotoxicity, impairment of cellular respiration, and alteration of synaptic functions associated with learning and memory. Oxidative stress was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which (i) represents another prevalent disease associated with obesity and often aging, and (ii) is considered to be a risk factor for AD development. T2DM is characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from increased hepatic glucose production, impaired insulin production and peripheral insulin resistance, which close resemble to the brain insulin resistance observed in AD patients. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of insulin resistance and vice versa. This review article provides molecular aspects and the pharmacological approaches from both preclinical and clinical data interpreted from the point of view of oxidative stress with the aim of highlighting progresses in this field.
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Kamal MA, Priyamvada S, Anbazhagan AN, Jabir NR, Tabrez S, Greig NH. Linking Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus via aberrant insulin signaling and inflammation. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2014; 13:338-46. [PMID: 24074448 PMCID: PMC5947865 DOI: 10.2174/18715273113126660137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two progressive and devastating health disorders afflicting millions of people worldwide. The probability and incidence of both have increased considerably in recent years consequent to increased longevity and population growth. Progressively more links are being continuously found between inflammation and central nervous system disorders like AD, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury and even cancers of the nervous tissue. The depth of the relationship depends on the timing and extent of anti- or pro-inflammatory gene expression. Inflammation has also been implicated in T2DM. Misfolding and fibrillization (of tissue specific and/or non-specific proteins) are features common to both AD and T2DM and are induced by as well as contribute to inflammation and stress (oxidative/ glycation). This review appraises the roles of inflammation and abnormalities in the insulin signaling system as important shared features of T2DM and AD. The capacity of anti-cholinesterases in reducing the level of certain common inflammatory markers in particular if they may provide therapeutic potential to mitigate awry mechanisms leading to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nigel H Greig
- Metabolomics & Enzymology Unit, Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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41
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Du X, Li H, Wang Z, Qiu S, Liu Q, Ni J. Selenoprotein P and selenoprotein M block Zn2+ -mediated Aβ42 aggregation and toxicity. Metallomics 2014; 5:861-70. [PMID: 23652332 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20282h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation and cytotoxicity of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide with transition metal ions in neuronal cells have been suggested to be involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A therapeutic strategy to combat this incurable disease is to design chemical agents to target metal-Aβ species. Selenoproteins are a group of special proteins that contain the 21st amino acid Sec in their sequence. Due to the presence of Sec, studies of this group of proteins are basically focused on their roles in regulating redox potential and scavenging reactive oxygen species. Here, we reported that the His-rich domain of selenoprotein P (SelP-H) and the Sec-to-Cys mutant selenoprotein M (SelM') are capable of binding transition metal ions and modulating the Zn(2+)-mediated Aβ aggregation, ROS production and neurotoxicity. SelM' (U48C) and SelP-H were found to coordinate 0.5 and 2 molar equivalents of Zn(2+)/Cd(2+) with micromolar and submicromolar affinities, respectively. Metal binding induced the structural changes in SelP-H and SelM' according to the circular dichorism spectra. Zn(2+) binding to Aβ42 almost completely suppressed Aβ42 fibrillization, which could be significantly restored by SelP-H and SelM', as observed by thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Interestingly, both SelP-H and SelM' inhibited Zn(2+)-Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity and the intracellular ROS production in living cells. These studies suggest that SelP and SelM may play certain roles in regulating redox balance as well as metal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubo Du
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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42
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Du X, Wang Z, Zheng Y, Li H, Ni J, Liu Q. Inhibitory Effect of Selenoprotein P on Cu+/Cu2+-Induced Aβ42 Aggregation and Toxicity. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:1672-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4028282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiubo Du
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College
of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Youbiao Zheng
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haiping Li
- College
of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- College
of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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43
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Bhatwadekar A, Stitt AW. AGE and RAGE inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Relini A, Marano N, Gliozzi A. Misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins and their interactions with membranes. Biomolecules 2013; 4:20-55. [PMID: 24970204 PMCID: PMC4030986 DOI: 10.3390/biom4010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss amyloidogenic proteins, their misfolding, resulting structures, and interactions with membranes, which lead to membrane damage and subsequent cell death. Many of these proteins are implicated in serious illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins leads to the formation of polymorphic oligomers and fibrils. Oligomeric aggregates are widely thought to be the toxic species, however, fibrils also play a role in membrane damage. We focus on the structure of these aggregates and their interactions with model membranes. Study of interactions of amlyoidogenic proteins with model and natural membranes has shown the importance of the lipid bilayer in protein misfolding and aggregation and has led to the development of several models for membrane permeabilization by the resulting amyloid aggregates. We discuss several of these models: formation of structured pores by misfolded amyloidogenic proteins, extraction of lipids, interactions with receptors in biological membranes, and membrane destabilization by amyloid aggregates perhaps analogous to that caused by antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Relini
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa 16146, Italy.
| | - Nadia Marano
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa 16146, Italy.
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Neuroinflammation and copper in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 2013:145345. [PMID: 24369524 PMCID: PMC3863554 DOI: 10.1155/2013/145345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the innate immune response to infection or tissue damage. Initiation of proinflammatory cascades in the central nervous system (CNS) occurs through recognition of danger associated molecular patterns by cognate immune receptors expressed on inflammatory cells and leads to rapid responses to remove the danger stimulus. The presence of activated microglia and astrocytes in the vicinity of amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and mouse models implicates inflammation as a contributor to AD pathogenesis. Activated microglia play a critical role in amyloid clearance, but chronic deregulation of CNS inflammatory pathways results in secretion of neurotoxic mediators that ultimately contribute to neurodegeneration in AD. Copper (Cu) homeostasis is profoundly affected in AD, and accumulated extracellular Cu drives Aβ aggregation, while intracellular Cu deficiency limits bioavailable Cu required for CNS functions. This review presents an overview of inflammatory events that occur in AD in response to Aβ and highlights recent advances on the role of Cu in modulation of beneficial and detrimental inflammatory responses in AD.
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Kim SJ, Ahn JW, Kim H, Ha HJ, Lee SW, Kim HK, Lee S, Hong HS, Kim YH, Choi CY. Two β-strands of RAGE participate in the recognition and transport of amyloid-β peptide across the blood brain barrier. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:252-7. [PMID: 23973487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is central to the development of brain pathology in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Association with receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) enables the transport of Aβ peptide from circulating blood to human brain, and also causes the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Here we show that two β-strands of RAGE participate in the interaction with Aβ peptide. Serial deletion analysis of the RAGE V domain indicates that the third and eighth β-strands are required for interaction with Aβ peptide. Site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids located in the third and eighth β-strands abolish the interaction of RAGE with Aβ peptide. Wild-type RAGE activates the NF-κB signaling pathway in response to Aβ peptide treatment, while a RAGE mutant defective in Aβ binding does not. Furthermore, use of peptide for the third β-strand or a RAGE monoclonal antibody that targets the RAGE-Aβ interaction interface inhibited transport of the Aβ peptide across the blood brain barrier in a mice model. These results provide information crucial to the development of RAGE-derived therapeutic reagents for Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Jargiło A, Grabowska I, Radecka H, Sulima M, Marszałek I, Wysłouch-Cieszyńska A, Dehaen W, Radecki J. Redox Active DipyrrometheneCu(II) Monolayer for Oriented Immobilization of His-Tagged RAGE Domains - the Base of Electrochemical Biosensor for Determination of Aβ16-23′. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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48
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Askarova S, Tsoy A, Shalakhmetova T, Lee JCM. Effects of Amyloid Beta Peptide on Neurovascular Cells. Cent Asian J Glob Health 2013; 1:4. [PMID: 29755858 PMCID: PMC5927754 DOI: 10.5195/cajgh.2012.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in specific regions of the brain, accompanied by impairment of the neurons, and progressive deterioration of cognition and memory of affected individuals. Although the cause and progression of AD are still not well understood, the amyloid hypothesis is dominant and widely accepted. According to this hypothesis, an increased deposition of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain is the main cause of the AD’s onset and progression. There is increasing body of evidence that blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction plays an important role in the development of AD, and may even precede neuron degeneration in AD brain. In the early stage of AD, microvasculature deficiencies, inflammatory reactions, surrounding the cerebral vasculature and endothelial dysfunctions are commonly observed. Continuous neurovascular degeneration and accumulation of Aβ on blood vessels resulting in cerebral amyloid angiopathy is associated with further progression of the disease and cognitive decline. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms that underlie Aβ induced damage of neurovascular cells. In this regards, this review is aimed to address how Aβ impacts the cerebral endothelium. Understanding the cellular pathways triggered by Aβ leading to alterations in cerebral endothelial cells structure and functions would provide insights into the mechanism of BBB dysfunction and inflammatory processes in Alzheimer’s, and may offer new approaches for prevention and treatment strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholpan Askarova
- Nazarbayev University, Center for Life Sciences, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrey Tsoy
- Nazarbayev University, Center for Life Sciences, Astana, Kazakhstan.,Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - James C-M Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri
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Is There Inflammatory Synergy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:918680. [PMID: 22779027 PMCID: PMC3388453 DOI: 10.1155/2012/918680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation, including abnormal glucose utilization and insulin resistance or deficiency, occurs at an early stage of AD independent of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, AD has been considered as type 3 diabetes. T2DM is a risk factor for AD; the coexistence of these two diseases in a society with an increasing mean age is a significant issue. Recently, research has focused on shared molecular mechanisms in these two diseases with the goal of determining whether treating T2DM can lessen the severity of AD. The progress in this field lends strong support to several mechanisms that could affect these two diseases, including insulin resistance and signaling, vascular injuries, inflammation, and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts and their ligands. In this paper, we focus on inflammation-based mechanisms in both diseases and discuss potential synergism in these mechanisms when these two diseases coexist in the same patient.
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50
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Askarova S, Yang X, Sheng W, Sun GY, Lee JCM. Role of Aβ-receptor for advanced glycation endproducts interaction in oxidative stress and cytosolic phospholipase A₂ activation in astrocytes and cerebral endothelial cells. Neuroscience 2011; 199:375-85. [PMID: 21978883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunctions have been implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) and astrocytes are the main cell components of the BBB. Although amyloid-β oligomers (Aβ₄₂) have been reported to mediate oxidative damage to the CECs and astrocytes and trigger the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway, the cell surface binding site for Aβ₄₂ and exact sequence of these events have yet to be elucidated. In this study, the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) was postulated to function as a signal transducing cell surface receptor for Aβ₄₂ to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from NADPH oxidase and trigger downstream pathways for the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and cytosolic phospholipase A₂ (cPLA₂). We found that Aβ₄₂ competed with the anti-RAGE antibody (Ab(RAGE)) to bind to RAGE on the surfaces of CECs and primary astrocytes. In addition, Ab(RAGE) abrogate Aβ₄₂-induced ROS production and the colocalization between the cytosolic (p47-phox) and membrane (gp91-phox) subunits of NADPH oxidase in both cell types. Ab(RAGE) as well as NADPH oxidase inhibitor and ROS scavenger suppressed Aβ₄₂-induced ERK1/2 and cPLA₂ phosphorylation in CECs. At the same time, only Ab(RAGE), but neither NADPH oxidase inhibitor nor ROS scavenger, inhibited the ERK1/2 pathway and cPLA₂ phosphorylation in primary astrocytes. Therefore, this study demonstrates that NADPH oxidase complex assembly and ROS production are not required for Aβ₄₂ binding to RAGE at astrocytic surface leading to sequential phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and cPLA₂, and suggests the presence of two different RAGE-dependent downstream pathways in the CECs and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Askarova
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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