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Zhou S, Wu X, Yuan Y, Qiao X, Wang Z, Wu M, Qi K, Xie Z, Yin H, Zhang S. Evolutionary origin and gradual accumulation with plant evolution of the LACS family. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:481. [PMID: 38816698 PMCID: PMC11140897 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LACS (long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase) genes are widespread in organisms and have multiple functions in plants, especially in lipid metabolism. However, the origin and evolutionary dynamics of the LACS gene family remain largely unknown. RESULTS Here, we identified 1785 LACS genes in the genomes of 166 diverse plant species and identified the clades (I, II, III, IV, V, VI) of six clades for the LACS gene family of green plants through phylogenetic analysis. Based on the evolutionary history of plant lineages, we found differences in the origins of different clades, with Clade IV originating from chlorophytes and representing the origin of LACS genes in green plants. The structural characteristics of different clades indicate that clade IV is relatively independent, while the relationships between clades (I, II, III) and clades (V, VI) are closer. Dispersed duplication (DSD) and transposed duplication (TRD) are the main forces driving the evolution of plant LACS genes. Network clustering analysis further grouped all LACS genes into six main clusters, with genes within each cluster showing significant co-linearity. Ka/Ks results suggest that LACS family genes underwent purifying selection during evolution. We analyzed the phylogenetic relationships and characteristics of six clades of the LACS gene family to explain the origin, evolutionary history, and phylogenetic relationships of different clades and proposed a hypothetical evolutionary model for the LACS family of genes in plants. CONCLUSIONS Our research provides genome-wide insights into the evolutionary history of the LACS gene family in green plants. These insights lay an important foundation for comprehensive functional characterization in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yubo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zewen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mayan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Charital S, Shunmugam S, Dass S, Alazzi AM, Arnold CS, Katris NJ, Duley S, Quansah NA, Pierrel F, Govin J, Yamaryo-Botté Y, Botté CY. The acyl-CoA synthetase TgACS1 allows neutral lipid metabolism and extracellular motility in Toxoplasma gondii through relocation via its peroxisomal targeting sequence (PTS) under low nutrient conditions. mBio 2024; 15:e0042724. [PMID: 38501871 PMCID: PMC11005404 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00427-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexa parasites cause major diseases such as toxoplasmosis and malaria that have major health and economic burdens. These unicellular pathogens are obligate intracellular parasites that heavily depend on lipid metabolism for the survival within their hosts. Their lipid synthesis relies on an essential combination of fatty acids (FAs) obtained from both de novo synthesis and scavenging from the host. The constant flux of scavenged FA needs to be channeled toward parasite lipid storage, and these FA storages are timely mobilized during parasite division. In eukaryotes, the utilization of FA relies on their obligate metabolic activation mediated by acyl-co-enzyme A (CoA) synthases (ACSs), which catalyze the thioesterification of FA to a CoA. Besides the essential functions of FA for parasite survival, the presence and roles of ACS are yet to be determined in Apicomplexa. Here, we identified TgACS1 as a Toxoplasma gondii cytosolic ACS that is involved in FA mobilization in the parasite specifically during low host nutrient conditions, especially in extracellular stages where it adopts a different localization. Heterologous complementation of yeast ACS mutants confirmed TgACS1 as being an Acyl-CoA synthetase of the bubble gum family that is most likely involved in β-oxidation processes. We further demonstrate that TgACS1 is critical for gliding motility of extracellular parasite facing low nutrient conditions, by relocating to peroxisomal-like area.IMPORTANCEToxoplasma gondii, causing human toxoplasmosis, is an Apicomplexa parasite and model within this phylum that hosts major infectious agents, such as Plasmodium spp., responsible for malaria. The diseases caused by apicomplexans are responsible for major social and economic burdens affecting hundreds of millions of people, like toxoplasmosis chronically present in about one-third of the world's population. Lack of efficient vaccines, rapid emergence of resistance to existing treatments, and toxic side effects of current treatments all argue for the urgent need to develop new therapeutic tools to combat these diseases. Understanding the key metabolic pathways sustaining host-intracellular parasite interactions is pivotal to develop new efficient ways to kill these parasites. Current consensus supports parasite lipid synthesis and trafficking as pertinent target for novel treatments. Many processes of this essential lipid metabolism in the parasite are not fully understood. The capacity for the parasites to sense and metabolically adapt to the host physiological conditions has only recently been unraveled. Our results clearly indicate the role of acyl-co-enzyme A (CoA) synthetases for the essential metabolic activation of fatty acid (FA) used to maintain parasite propagation and survival. The significance of our research is (i) the identification of seven of these enzymes that localize at different cellular areas in T. gondii parasites; (ii) using lipidomic approaches, we show that TgACS1 mobilizes FA under low host nutrient content; (iii) yeast complementation showed that acyl-CoA synthase 1 (ACS1) is an ACS that is likely involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation; (iv) the importance of the peroxisomal targeting sequence for correct localization of TgACS1 to a peroxisomal-like compartment in extracellular parasites; and lastly, (v) that TgACS1 has a crucial role in energy production and extracellular parasite motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Charital
- Apicolipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Serena Shunmugam
- Apicolipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sheena Dass
- Apicolipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anna Maria Alazzi
- Team Govin, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe-Sébastien Arnold
- Apicolipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicholas J. Katris
- Apicolipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Duley
- Apicolipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Nyamekye A. Quansah
- Apicolipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Jérôme Govin
- Team Govin, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Yoshiki Yamaryo-Botté
- Apicolipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Cyrille Y. Botté
- Apicolipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Niknafs S, Meijer MMY, Khaskheli AA, Roura E. In ovo delivery of oregano essential oil activated xenobiotic detoxification and lipid metabolism at hatch in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103321. [PMID: 38100943 PMCID: PMC10762474 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovo interventions are used to improve embryonic development and robustness of chicks. The objective of this study was to identify the optimal dose for in ovo delivery of oregano essential oil (OEO), and to investigate metabolic impacts. Broiler chickens Ross 308 fertile eggs were injected with 7 levels of OEO (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 µL) into the amniotic fluid at embryonic d 17.5 (E17.5) (n = 48). Chick quality was measured by navel score (P < 0.05) and/or hatchability rates (P < 0.01) were significantly decreased at doses at or above 10 or 20 µL/egg, respectively, indicating potential toxicity. However, no effects were observed at the 5 µL/egg, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms were effective to maintain homeostasis in the developing embryo. To pursue a better understanding of these mechanisms, transcriptomic analyses of the jejunum were performed comparing the control injected with saline and the group injected with 5 µL of OEO. The transcriptomic analyses identified that 167 genes were upregulated and 90 were downregulated in the 5 µL OEO compared to the control group injected with saline (P < 0.01). Functional analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEG) showed that metabolic pathways related to the epoxygenase cytochrome P450 pathway associated with xenobiotic catabolic processes were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). In addition, long-chain fatty acid metabolism associated with ATP binding transporters was also upregulated in the OEO treated group (P < 0.05). The results indicated that low doses of OEO in ovo have the potential to increase lipid metabolism in late stages (E17.5) of embryonic development. In conclusion, in ovo delivery of 5 µL OEO did not show any negative impact on hatchability and chick quality. OEO elevated expression of key enzymes and receptors involved in detoxification pathways and lipid metabolism in the jejunum of hatchling broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Niknafs
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Mila M Y Meijer
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Asad A Khaskheli
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Eugeni Roura
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
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Chornyi S, Koster J, IJlst L, Waterham HR. Studying the topology of peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetases using self-assembling split sfGFP. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:133-144. [PMID: 38243092 PMCID: PMC10822792 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are membrane-bounded organelles that contain enzymes involved in multiple lipid metabolic pathways. Several of these pathways require (re-)activation of fatty acids to coenzyme A (CoA) esters by acyl-CoA synthetases, which may take place inside the peroxisomal lumen or extraperoxisomal. The acyl-CoA synthetases SLC27A2, SLC27A4, ACSL1, and ACSL4 have different but overlapping substrate specificities and were previously reported to be localized in the peroxisomal membrane in addition to other subcellular locations. However, it has remained unclear if the catalytic acyl-CoA synthetase sites of these enzymes are facing the peroxisomal lumen or the cytosolic side of the peroxisomal membrane. To study this topology in cellulo we have developed a microscopy-based method that uses the previously developed self-assembling split superfolder (sf) green fluorescent protein (GFP) assay. We show that this self-assembling split sfGFP method can be used to study the localization as well as the topology of membrane proteins in the peroxisomal membrane, but that it is less suited to study the location of soluble peroxisomal proteins. With the method we could demonstrate that the acyl-CoA synthetase domains of the peroxisome-bound acyl-CoA synthetases SLC27A2 and SLC27A4 are oriented toward the peroxisomal lumen and the domain of ACSL1 toward the cytosol. In contrast to previous reports, ACSL4 was not found in peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Chornyi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC-University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janet Koster
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC-University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC-University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC-University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Singin Ö, Astapenka A, Costina V, Kühl S, Bonekamp N, Drews O, Islinger M. Analysis of the Mouse Hepatic Peroxisome Proteome-Identification of Novel Protein Constituents Using a Semi-Quantitative SWATH-MS Approach. Cells 2024; 13:176. [PMID: 38247867 PMCID: PMC10814758 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ongoing technical and bioinformatics improvements in mass spectrometry (MS) allow for the identifying and quantifying of the enrichment of increasingly less-abundant proteins in individual fractions. Accordingly, this study reassessed the proteome of mouse liver peroxisomes by the parallel isolation of peroxisomes from a mitochondria- and a microsome-enriched prefraction, combining density-gradient centrifugation with a semi-quantitative SWATH-MS proteomics approach to unveil novel peroxisomal or peroxisome-associated proteins. In total, 1071 proteins were identified using MS and assessed in terms of their distribution in either high-density peroxisomal or low-density gradient fractions, containing the bulk of organelle material. Combining the data from both fractionation approaches allowed for the identification of specific protein profiles characteristic of mitochondria, the ER and peroxisomes. Among the proteins significantly enriched in the peroxisomal cluster were several novel peroxisomal candidates. Five of those were validated by colocalization in peroxisomes, using confocal microscopy. The peroxisomal import of HTATIP2 and PAFAH2, which contain a peroxisome-targeting sequence 1 (PTS1), could be confirmed by overexpression in HepG2 cells. The candidates SAR1B and PDCD6, which are known ER-exit-site proteins, did not directly colocalize with peroxisomes, but resided at ER sites, which frequently surrounded peroxisomes. Hence, both proteins might concentrate at presumably co-purified peroxisome-ER membrane contacts. Intriguingly, the fifth candidate, OCIA domain-containing protein 1, was previously described as decreasing mitochondrial network formation. In this work, we confirmed its peroxisomal localization and further observed a reduction in peroxisome numbers in response to OCIAD1 overexpression. Hence, OCIAD1 appears to be a novel protein, which has an impact on both mitochondrial and peroxisomal maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Öznur Singin
- Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Ö.S.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (N.B.)
| | - Artur Astapenka
- Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Ö.S.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (N.B.)
| | - Victor Costina
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (V.C.); (O.D.)
| | - Sandra Kühl
- Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Ö.S.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (N.B.)
| | - Nina Bonekamp
- Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Ö.S.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (N.B.)
| | - Oliver Drews
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (V.C.); (O.D.)
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Center for Medical Research, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Islinger
- Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Ö.S.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (N.B.)
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Wang Z, Su C, Zhang Y, Shangguan S, Wang R, Su J. Key enzymes involved in the utilization of fatty acids by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1294182. [PMID: 38274755 PMCID: PMC10808364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1294182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a eukaryotic organism with a clear genetic background and mature gene operating system; in addition, it exhibits environmental tolerance. Therefore, S. cerevisiae is one of the most commonly used organisms for the synthesis of biological chemicals. The investigation of fatty acid catabolism in S. cerevisiae is crucial for the synthesis and accumulation of fatty acids and their derivatives, with β-oxidation being the predominant pathway responsible for fatty acid metabolism in this organism, occurring primarily within peroxisomes. The latest research has revealed distinct variations in β-oxidation among different fatty acids, primarily attributed to substrate preferences and disparities in the metabolic regulation of key enzymes involved in the S. cerevisiae fatty acid metabolic pathway. The synthesis of lipids, on the other hand, represents another crucial metabolic pathway for fatty acids. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on the key factors influencing the efficiency of fatty acid utilization, encompassing β-oxidation and lipid synthesis pathways. Additionally, we discuss various approaches for modifying β-oxidation to enhance the synthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives in S. cerevisiae, aiming to offer theoretical support and serve as a valuable reference for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunli Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yisang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sifan Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
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He J, Li J, Zhang R, Dong Z, Liu G, Chang Z, Bi W, Ruan Y, Yang Y, Liu H, Qiu L, Zhao R, Wan W, Li Z, Chen L, Li Y, Li X. Multiple Origins of Bioluminescence in Beetles and Evolution of Luciferase Function. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msad287. [PMID: 38174583 PMCID: PMC10798137 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence in beetles has long fascinated biologists, with diverse applications in biotechnology. To date, however, our understanding of its evolutionary origin and functional variation mechanisms remains poor. To address these questions, we obtained high-quality reference genomes of luminous and nonluminous beetles in 6 Elateroidea families. We then reconstructed a robust phylogenetic relationship for all luminous families and related nonluminous families. Comparative genomic analyses and biochemical functional experiments suggested that gene evolution within Elateroidea played a crucial role in the origin of bioluminescence, with multiple parallel origins observed in the luminous beetle families. While most luciferase-like proteins exhibited a conserved nonluminous amino acid pattern (TLA346 to 348) in the luciferin-binding sites, luciferases in the different luminous beetle families showed divergent luminous patterns at these sites (TSA/CCA/CSA/LVA). Comparisons of the structural and enzymatic properties of ancestral, extant, and site-directed mutant luciferases further reinforced the important role of these sites in the trade-off between acyl-CoA synthetase and luciferase activities. Furthermore, the evolution of bioluminescent color demonstrated a tendency toward hypsochromic shifts and variations among the luminous families. Taken together, our results revealed multiple parallel origins of bioluminescence and functional divergence within the beetle bioluminescent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu He
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Guichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Zhou Chang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Wenxuan Bi
- Room 401, No. 2, Lane 155, Lianhua South Road, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yongying Ruan
- Plant Protection Research Center, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- Engineering Research Center for Forest and Grassland Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Mianyang Normal University, 621000 Mianyang, China
| | - Ruoping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Wenting Wan
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Zihe Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yuanning Li
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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Wang Q, Liu J, Chen Z, Zheng J, Wang Y, Dong J. Targeting metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma to overcome therapeutic resistance: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116021. [PMID: 38128187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a heavy burden on human health with high morbidity and mortality rates. Systematic therapy is crucial for advanced and mid-term HCC, but faces a significant challenge from therapeutic resistance, weakening drug effectiveness. Metabolic reprogramming has gained attention as a key contributor to therapeutic resistance. Cells change their metabolism to meet energy demands, adapt to growth needs, or resist environmental pressures. Understanding key enzyme expression patterns and metabolic pathway interactions is vital to comprehend HCC occurrence, development, and treatment resistance. Exploring metabolic enzyme reprogramming and pathways is essential to identify breakthrough points for HCC treatment. Targeting metabolic enzymes with inhibitors is key to addressing these points. Inhibitors, combined with systemic therapeutic drugs, can alleviate resistance, prolong overall survival for advanced HCC, and offer mid-term HCC patients a chance for radical resection. Advances in metabolic research methods, from genomics to metabolomics and cells to organoids, help build the HCC metabolic reprogramming network. Recent progress in biomaterials and nanotechnology impacts drug targeting and effectiveness, providing new solutions for systemic therapeutic drug resistance. This review focuses on metabolic enzyme changes, pathway interactions, enzyme inhibitors, research methods, and drug delivery targeting metabolic reprogramming, offering valuable references for metabolic approaches to HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ziye Chen
- Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Yuan M, Mahmud I, Katsushima K, Joshi K, Saulnier O, Pokhrel R, Lee B, Liyanage W, Kunhiraman H, Stapleton S, Gonzalez-Gomez I, Kannan RM, Eisemann T, Kolanthai E, Seal S, Garrett TJ, Abbasi S, Bockley K, Hanes J, Chapagain P, Jallo G, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Taylor MD, Eberhart CG, Ray A, Perera RJ. miRNA-211 maintains metabolic homeostasis in medulloblastoma through its target gene long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:203. [PMID: 38115140 PMCID: PMC10729563 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of childhood medulloblastoma (MB) is often poor, and it usually requires aggressive therapy that adversely affects quality of life. microRNA-211 (miR-211) was previously identified as an important regulator of cells that descend from neural cells. Since medulloblastomas primarily affect cells with similar ontogeny, we investigated the role and mechanism of miR-211 in MB. Here we showed that miR-211 expression was highly downregulated in cell lines, PDXs, and clinical samples of different MB subgroups (SHH, Group 3, and Group 4) compared to normal cerebellum. miR-211 gene was ectopically expressed in transgenic cells from MB subgroups, and they were subjected to molecular and phenotypic investigations. Monoclonal cells stably expressing miR-211 were injected into the mouse cerebellum. miR-211 forced expression acts as a tumor suppressor in MB both in vitro and in vivo, attenuating growth, promoting apoptosis, and inhibiting invasion. In support of emerging regulatory roles of metabolism in various forms of cancer, we identified the acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member (ACSL4) as a direct miR-211 target. Furthermore, lipid nanoparticle-coated, dendrimer-coated, and cerium oxide-coated miR-211 nanoparticles were applied to deliver synthetic miR-211 into MB cell lines and cellular responses were assayed. Synthesizing nanoparticle-miR-211 conjugates can suppress MB cell viability and invasion in vitro. Our findings reveal miR-211 as a tumor suppressor and a potential therapeutic agent in MB. This proof-of-concept paves the way for further pre-clinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglang Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Keisuke Katsushima
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Kandarp Joshi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Olivier Saulnier
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and the Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rudramani Pokhrel
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Bongyong Lee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Wathsala Liyanage
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Haritha Kunhiraman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Stacie Stapleton
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Ignacio Gonzalez-Gomez
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Tanja Eisemann
- National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Saed Abbasi
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Kimberly Bockley
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Prem Chapagain
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - George Jallo
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and the Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Hematology-Oncology Section, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Hematology/Oncology and Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Animesh Ray
- Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Ranjan J Perera
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.
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10
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Pereyra AS, McLaughlin KL, Buddo KA, Ellis JM. Medium-chain fatty acid oxidation is independent of l-carnitine in liver and kidney but not in heart and skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G287-G294. [PMID: 37461880 PMCID: PMC10642992 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00105.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) consumption confers a wide range of health benefits that are highly distinct from long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). A major difference between the metabolism of LCFAs compared with MCFAs is that mitochondrial LCFA oxidation depends on the carnitine shuttle, whereas MCFA mitochondrial oxidation is not. Although MCFAs are said to range from 6 to 14 carbons long based on physicochemical properties in vitro, the biological cut-off length of acyl chains that can bypass the carnitine shuttle in different mammalian tissues is unknown. To define the range of acyl chain length that can be oxidized in the mitochondria independent of carnitine, we determined the oxidative metabolism of free fatty acids (FFAs) from 6 to 18 carbons long in the liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle. The liver oxidized FFAs 6 to 14 carbons long, whereas the kidney oxidized FFAs from 6 to 10 carbons in length. Heart and skeletal muscle were unable to oxidize FFAs of any chain length. These data show that while the liver and kidney can oxidize MCFAs in the free form, the heart and skeletal muscle require carnitine for the oxidative metabolism of MCFAs. Together these data demonstrate that MCFA oxidation independent of carnitine is tissue-specific.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work demonstrates that the traditional concept of mitochondrial medium-chain fatty acid oxidation as unregulated and independent of carnitine applies only to liver metabolism, and to kidney to a lesser extent, but not the heart or skeletal muscle. Thus, the benefits of dietary medium-chain fatty acids are set by liver metabolic activity and peripheral tissues are unlikely to receive direct benefits from medium-chain fatty acid metabolism, but rather metabolic byproducts of liver's medium-chain oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Pereyra
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Kelsey L McLaughlin
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Katherine A Buddo
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
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11
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Tang J, Wang L, Shi M, Feng S, Zhang T, Han H. Study on the mechanism of Shuganzhi Tablet against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and lipid regulation effects of its main substances in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116780. [PMID: 37311504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shuganzhi Tablet (SGZT) originates from a famous traditional Chinese herbal formula Chaihu Decoction which can be applied to treat liver diseases, however, the pharmacodynamic mechanism of SGZT needs to be evaluated. AIM OF THIS STUDY To study the mechanism of SGZT in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and screen out its effective ingredients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, firstly, the main components of SGZT were analyzed qualitatively. And a rat model of NAFLD was established by feeding high-fat diet. Serum biochemical indexes and liver pathological analysis were used to evaluate the pharmacodynamic effect of SGZT in the treatment of NAFLD. In order to explore the pharmacodynamic mechanism, proteomics and metabolomics analysis were used. Western blotting was used to verify the expression of important differential proteins. And L02 cells were treated with free fatty acids (FFA) and the main substances of SGZT to establish the cell model of NAFLD in vitro and to reveal the pharmacodynamic substance of SGZT. RESULTS Twelve components were detected in SGZT, and according to the results of serum biochemical indexes and liver pathological analysis, SGZT could effectively treat NAFLD. Combined with the results of bioinformatics analysis, we found that 133 differentially expressed proteins were reversed in liver samples of rats treated with SGZT. The important proteins in PPAR signaling pathway, steroid biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism and fatty acid metabolism were mainly regulated to maintain cholesterol homeostasis and improve lipid metabolism. SGZT also affected various metabolites in rat liver, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and taurine. In addition, the main components contained in SGZT (hesperidin, polydatin, naringin, emodin, specnuezhenide, saikosaponin A) and a metabolite (resveratrol) could significantly reduce FFA-induced intracellular lipid accumulation. CONCLUSION SGZT effectively treated NAFLD, and PPAR-γ, Acsl4, Plin2 and Fads1 may be the main targets of SGZT. And Fads1-EPA/DHA-PPAR-γ may be the potential pharmacodynamic pathway. Cell experiments in vitro revealed that the main components of SGZT and their metabolites, such as hesperidin, polydatin, naringin, emodin, specnuezhenide, saikosaponin A and resveratrol may be the main components of its efficacy. Further research is needed to reveal and validate the pharmacodynamic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Lixiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Mengge Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Shuaixia Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Han Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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12
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Ranea-Robles P, Houten SM. The biochemistry and physiology of long-chain dicarboxylic acid metabolism. Biochem J 2023; 480:607-627. [PMID: 37140888 PMCID: PMC10214252 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial β-oxidation is the most prominent pathway for fatty acid oxidation but alternative oxidative metabolism exists. Fatty acid ω-oxidation is one of these pathways and forms dicarboxylic acids as products. These dicarboxylic acids are metabolized through peroxisomal β-oxidation representing an alternative pathway, which could potentially limit the toxic effects of fatty acid accumulation. Although dicarboxylic acid metabolism is highly active in liver and kidney, its role in physiology has not been explored in depth. In this review, we summarize the biochemical mechanism of the formation and degradation of dicarboxylic acids through ω- and β-oxidation, respectively. We will discuss the role of dicarboxylic acids in different (patho)physiological states with a particular focus on the role of the intermediates and products generated through peroxisomal β-oxidation. This review is expected to increase the understanding of dicarboxylic acid metabolism and spark future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
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13
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Zhong Y, Wang Y, Li P, Gong W, Wang X, Yan H, Ge Q, Liu A, Shi Y, Shang H, Zhang Y, Gong J, Yuan Y. Genome-Wide Analysis and Functional Characterization of LACS Gene Family Associated with Lipid Synthesis in Cotton ( Gossypium spp.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108530. [PMID: 37239883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the fifth largest oil crop in the world, and cottonseed provides abundant vegetable oil resources and industrial bioenergy fuels for people; therefore, it is of practical significance to increase the oil content of cotton seeds for improving the oil yield and economic benefits of planting cotton. Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (LACS) capable of catalyzing the formation of acyl-CoAs from free fatty acids has been proven to significantly participate in lipid metabolism, of which whole-genome identification and functional characterization of the gene family have not yet been comprehensively analyzed in cotton. In this study, a total of sixty-five LACS genes were confirmed in two diploid and two tetraploid Gossypium species, which were divided into six subgroups based on phylogenetic relationships with twenty-one other plants. An analysis of protein motif and genomic organizations displayed structural and functional conservation within the same group but diverged among the different group. Gene duplication relationship analysis illustrates the LACS gene family in large scale expansion through WGDs/segmental duplications. The overall Ka/Ks ratio indicated the intense purifying selection of LACS genes in four cotton species during evolution. The LACS genes promoter elements contain numerous light response cis-elements associated with fatty acids synthesis and catabolism. In addition, the expression of almost all GhLACS genes in high seed oil were higher compared to those in low seed oil. We proposed LACS gene models and shed light on their functional roles in lipid metabolism, demonstrating their engineering potential for modulating TAG synthesis in cotton, and the genetic engineering of cottonseed oil provides a theoretical basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Zhong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Cotton Sciences Research Institute of Hunan, National Hybrid Cotton Research Promotion Center, Changde 415101, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wankui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Haoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Qun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Aiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Haihong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juwu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Youlu Yuan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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14
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Hepatic Energy Metabolism under the Local Control of the Thyroid Hormone System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054861. [PMID: 36902289 PMCID: PMC10002997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The energy homeostasis of the organism is orchestrated by a complex interplay of energy substrate shuttling, breakdown, storage, and distribution. Many of these processes are interconnected via the liver. Thyroid hormones (TH) are well known to provide signals for the regulation of energy homeostasis through direct gene regulation via their nuclear receptors acting as transcription factors. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the effects of nutritional intervention like fasting and diets on the TH system. In parallel, we detail direct effects of TH in liver metabolic pathways with regards to glucose, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism. This overview on hepatic effects of TH provides the basis for understanding the complex regulatory network and its translational potential with regards to currently discussed treatment options of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involving TH mimetics.
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15
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Luo L, Zhang S, Guo N, Li H, He S. ACSF2-mediated ferroptosis is involved in ulcerative colitis. Life Sci 2023; 313:121272. [PMID: 36509196 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of ferroptosis-related genes in the induction into ulcerative colitis (UC) and provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We screened the UC dataset from the GEO database and obtained ferroptosis-related genes from FerrDB and GeneCards. The R package "CancerSubtypes" was performed to identify the UC subtypes, followed by Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis. The key genes were further screened by machine learning algorithms (LASSO and SVM-RFE). WB and IHC verified the changes in the expression content of ACSF2 in vivo and in vitro models. The changes in intracellular ROS and Fe2 + levels were detected. KEY FINDINGS Through bioinformatics analysis, we selected the ferroptosis-related gene ACSF2 (acyl CoA synthetase family member 2), which is significantly associated with immune-related pathways "Toll-like receptor signaling pathway", "NF-kappa B signaling pathway" and "NOD-like receptor signaling pathway". The expression of ACSF2 was significantly down-regulated in UC animals, Salmonella typhimurium colitis models and cell models, while the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 reversed the expression of ACSF2 in LPS-induced cell models, indicating that the ferroptosis-related gene ACSF2 plays an important role in mediating ferroptosis and inflammation, and is expected to become a new target for further research. SIGNIFICANCE Ferroptosis is closely associated with the development of UC, and the ferroptosis-related gene ACSF2 can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
| | - Suzhou Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Nuoqing Guo
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Shasha He
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100000, China.
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16
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Zhang L, Liu X, Liu Y, Yan F, Zeng Y, Song Y, Fang H, Song D, Wang X. Lysophosphatidylcholine inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation by regulating fatty acid metabolism enzyme long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthase 5. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1180. [PMID: 36639836 PMCID: PMC9839868 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a widespread malignancy with a high death rate and disorder of lipid metabolism. Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) has anti-tumour effects, although the underlying mechanism is not entirely known. The purpose of this study aims at defining changes in lysoPC in lung cancer patients, the effects of lysoPC on lung cancer cells and molecular mechanisms. Lung cancer cell sensitivity to lysoPC was evaluated and decisive roles of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthase 5 (ACSL5) in lysoPC regulation were defined by comprehensively evaluating transcriptomic changes of ACSL5-downregulated epithelia. ACSL5 over-expressed in ciliated, club and Goblet cells in lung cancer patients, different from other lung diseases. LysoPC inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation, by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, altering lipid metabolisms, increasing fatty acid oxidation and reprograming ACSL5/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase-regulated triacylglycerol-lysoPC balance. Thus, this study provides a general new basis for the discovery of reprogramming metabolisms and metabolites as a new strategy of lung cancer precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Xuanqi Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina
| | - Yifei Liu
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis and TherapyThe Second Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Furong Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina,Center of Molecular Diagnosis and TherapyThe Second Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis and TherapyThe Second Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina,Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of AnesthesiologyZhongshan and Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dongli Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina,Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina,Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina,Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
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17
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Hu S, Sun Z, Li B, Zhao H, Wang Y, Yao G, Li X, Bian X, Li TC, Vankelecom H, Sun Y. iTRAQ-based Proteomic Analysis Unveils ACSL4 as a Novel Potential Regulator of Human Endometrial Receptivity. Endocrinology 2023; 164:6991315. [PMID: 36652382 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Competent endometrial receptivity is a prerequisite for successful embryo implantation. Identification of novel key molecules involved in endometrial receptivity is essential to better interpret human implantation and improve pregnancy rates in assisted reproduction treatment. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics was performed to profile the proteomes of the prereceptive (luteinizing hormone [LH] + 2, n = 4) and receptive (LH + 7, n = 4) endometrial tissues. A total of 173 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between LH + 2 and LH + 7 endometrial samples were identified. Integrated analysis of the proteomic data and published transcriptomic data was performed to identify the concordant DEPs with differential expression at both the messenger RNA and protein levels. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed on concordant DEPs. We first identified 63 novel concordant DEPs and 5 hub proteins (ACSL4, ACSL5, COL1A1, PTGS1, and PLA2G4F) between LH + 2 and LH + 7 endometrial samples. ACSL4 was predominantly expressed in endometrial epithelial cells and its expression was significantly upregulated by progesterone in the LH + 7 endometrium and significantly downregulated in repeated implantation failure patients. Knockdown of ACSL4 in endometrial epithelial cells induced the downregulation of endometrial receptivity markers (HOXA10, COX2, and LIF) and the significant decrease of implantation rate during in vitro implantation analysis. This study provides the first gel-independent quantitative proteomes of the LH + 2 and LH + 7 human endometrium using iTRAQ technology. The identified concordant DEPs and hub proteins open a new avenue for future studies aimed at elucidating the underlying mechanisms governing endometrial receptivity. ACSL4 was identified as a novel regulatory molecule in the establishment of endometrial receptivity and might play important roles during implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanggang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Boyu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Hanting Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Guangxin Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xuejiao Bian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Tin Chiu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Research Unit of Stem Cell Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yun Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
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18
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Eide M, Goksøyr A, Yadetie F, Gilabert A, Bartosova Z, Frøysa HG, Fallahi S, Zhang X, Blaser N, Jonassen I, Bruheim P, Alendal G, Brun M, Porte C, Karlsen OA. Integrative omics-analysis of lipid metabolism regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a and b agonists in male Atlantic cod. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1129089. [PMID: 37035678 PMCID: PMC10073473 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1129089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is essential in maintaining energy homeostasis in multicellular organisms. In vertebrates, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs, NR1C) regulate the expression of many genes involved in these processes. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is an important fish species in the North Atlantic ecosystem and in human nutrition, with a highly fatty liver. Here we study the involvement of Atlantic cod Ppar a and b subtypes in systemic regulation of lipid metabolism using two model agonists after in vivo exposure. WY-14,643, a specific PPARA ligand in mammals, activated cod Ppara1 and Ppara2 in vitro. In vivo, WY-14,643 caused a shift in lipid transport both at transcriptional and translational level in cod. However, WY-14,643 induced fewer genes in the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway compared to that observed in rodents. Although GW501516 serves as a specific PPARB/D ligand in mammals, this compound activated cod Ppara1 and Ppara2 as well as Pparb in vitro. In vivo, it further induced transcription of Ppar target genes and caused changes in lipid composition of liver and plasma. The integrative approach provide a foundation for understanding how Ppars are engaged in regulating lipid metabolism in Atlantic cod physiology. We have shown that WY-14,643 and GW501516 activate Atlantic cod Ppara and Pparb, affect genes in lipid metabolism pathways, and induce changes in the lipid composition in plasma and liver microsomal membranes. Particularly, the combined transcriptomic, proteomics and lipidomics analyses revealed that effects of WY-14,643 on lipid metabolism are similar to what is known in mammalian studies, suggesting conservation of Ppara functions in mediating lipid metabolic processes in fish. The alterations in the lipid profiles observed after Ppar agonist exposure suggest that other chemicals with similar Ppar receptor affinities may cause disturbances in the lipid regulation of fish. Model organism: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:389BE401-2718-4CF2-BBAE-2E13A97A5E7B. COL Identifier: 6K72F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Eide
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Anders Goksøyr,
| | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alejandra Gilabert
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Science, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zdenka Bartosova
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard G. Frøysa
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway
| | - Shirin Fallahi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nello Blaser
- Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guttorm Alendal
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Brun
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cinta Porte
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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19
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Li H, Zhao A, Li M, Shi L, Han Q, Hou Z. Targeting T-cell metabolism to boost immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1046755. [PMID: 36569893 PMCID: PMC9768337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising therapeutic effects in the treatment of advanced solid cancers, but their overall response rate is still very low for certain tumor subtypes, limiting their clinical scope. Moreover, the high incidence of drug resistance (including primary and acquired) and adverse effects pose significant challenges to the utilization of these therapies in the clinic. ICIs enhance T cell activation and reverse T cell exhaustion, which is a complex and multifactorial process suggesting that the regulatory mechanisms of ICI therapy are highly heterogeneous. Recently, metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a novel means of reversing T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment; there is increasing evidence that T cell metabolic disruption limits the therapeutic effect of ICIs. This review focuses on the crosstalk between T-cell metabolic reprogramming and ICI therapeutic efficacy, and summarizes recent strategies to improve drug tolerance and enhance anti-tumor effects by targeting T-cell metabolism alongside ICI therapy. The identification of potential targets for altering T-cell metabolism can significantly contribute to the development of methods to predict therapeutic responsiveness in patients receiving ICI therapy, which are currently unknown but would be of great clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Li
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Alison Zhao
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Menghua Li
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhi Shi
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Qiuju Han, ; Zhaohua Hou,
| | - Zhaohua Hou
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Qiuju Han, ; Zhaohua Hou,
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20
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Zhao Z, Liu M, Xu Z, Cai Y, Peng B, Liang Q, Yan Y, Liu W, Kang F, He Q, Hong Q, Zhang W, Li J, Peng J, Zeng S. Identification of ACSF gene family as therapeutic targets and immune-associated biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7926-7940. [PMID: 36205594 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) are responsible for acyl-CoA synthesis from nonpolar hydrophilic fatty acids and play a vital role in many metabolic processes. As a category of ACS isozymes, members of ACS family (AACS, ACSF2-3, AASDH) participate in lipid metabolism; however, their expression patterns, regulatory mechanisms and effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are poorly understood. Here, through evaluating the expression profiles of ACSF gene family, we found that upregulated AACS might be more significant and valuable in development and progression of HCC. Consequently, the mRNA expression levels of AACS and ACSF2 was accordantly increased in HCC. Kaplan-Meier plotter revealed that HCC patients with high level of AACS were highly related to a shorter overall survival time and relapse-free survival. Genetic alterations using cBioPortal revealed that the alteration rate of AACS were 5%. We also found that the functions of ACSF gene family were linked to several cancer-associated pathways, including long-term potentiation, phospholipase D signaling pathway and purine metabolism. TIMER database indicated that the AACS and ACSF2 had a strong relationship with the infiltration of six types of immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, CD4+ T-cells and dendritic cells). Next, Diseasemeth database revealed that the global methylation levels of ACSF2 was higher in HCC patients. In conclusion, this study firstly demonstrated that Acyl-CoA synthesis gene family, in particular, AACS, could be associated with immune microenvironment, thereby influencing the development and prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (PET-CT Central), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fanhua Kang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Qingchun He
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianhui Hong
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwu Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Zhang F, Luo J, Shi C, Zhu L, He Q, Tian H, Wu J, Zhao J, Li C. Genome-wide analysis of the acyl-coenzyme A synthetase family and their association with the formation of goat milk flavour. Front Genet 2022; 13:980463. [PMID: 36160020 PMCID: PMC9490004 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.980463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat milk is rich in fat and protein, thus, has high nutritional values and benefits human health. However, goaty flavour is a major concern that interferes with consumer acceptability of goat milk and the 4-alkyl-branched-chain fatty acids (vBCFAs) are the major substances relevant to the goaty flavour in goat milk. Previous research reported that the acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (ACSs) play a key role in the activation of fatty acids, which is a prerequisite for fatty acids entering anabolic and catabolic processes and highly involved in the regulation of vBCFAs metabolism. Although ACS genes have been identified in humans and mice, they have not been systematically characterized in goats. In this research, we performed genome-wide characterization of the ACS genes in goats, identifying that a total of 25 ACS genes (without ACSM2A) were obtained in the Capra hircus and each ACS protein contained the conserved AMP-binding domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that out of the 25 genes, 21 belonged to the ACSS, ACSM, ACSL, ACSVL, and ACSBG subfamilies. However, AACS, AASDH, ACSF, and ACSF3 genes were not classified in the common evolutionary branch and belonged to the ACS superfamily. The genes in the same clade had similar conserved structures, motifs and protein domains. The expression analysis showed that the majority of ACS genes were expressed in multi tissues. The comparative analysis of expression patterns in non-lactation and lactation mammary glands of goat, sheep and cow indicated that ACSS2 and ACSF3 genes may participate in the formation mechanisms of goaty flavour in goat milk. In conclusion, current research provides important genomic resources and expression information for ACSs in goats, which will support further research on investigating the formation mechanisms of the goaty flavour in goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Luo
- *Correspondence: Jun Luo, ; Cong Li,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cong Li
- *Correspondence: Jun Luo, ; Cong Li,
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22
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Role of fatty acid transport protein 4 in metabolic tissues: insights into obesity and fatty liver disease. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231317. [PMID: 35583196 PMCID: PMC9160530 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) metabolism is a series of processes that provide structural substances, signalling molecules and energy. Ample evidence has shown that FA uptake is mediated by plasma membrane transporters including FA transport proteins (FATPs), caveolin-1, fatty-acid translocase (FAT)/CD36, and fatty-acid binding proteins. Unlike other FA transporters, the functions of FATPs have been controversial because they contain both motifs of FA transport and fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS). The widely distributed FATP4 is not a direct FA transporter but plays a predominant function as an ACS. FATP4 deficiency causes ichthyosis premature syndrome in mice and humans associated with suppression of polar lipids but an increase in neutral lipids including triglycerides (TGs). Such a shift has been extensively characterized in enterocyte-, hepatocyte-, and adipocyte-specific Fatp4-deficient mice. The mutants under obese and non-obese fatty livers induced by different diets persistently show an increase in blood non-esterified free fatty acids and glycerol indicating the lipolysis of TGs. This review also focuses on FATP4 role on regulatory networks and factors that modulate FATP4 expression in metabolic tissues including intestine, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. Metabolic disorders especially regarding blood lipids by FATP4 deficiency in different cell types are herein discussed. Our results may be applicable to not only patients with FATP4 mutations but also represent a model of dysregulated lipid homeostasis, thus providing mechanistic insights into obesity and development of fatty liver disease.
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23
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Li M, Yang X, Masoudi A, Xiao Q, Li N, Wang N, Chang G, Ren S, Li H, Liu J, Wang H. The regulatory strategy of proteins in the mouse kidney during Babesia microti infection. Exp Parasitol 2022; 235:108232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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Enomoto H. Distribution analysis of jasmonic acid-related compounds in developing Glycine max L. (soybean) seeds using mass spectrometry imaging and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:194-203. [PMID: 34312911 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursors are oxylipins derived from α-linolenic acid (αLA) and hexadecatrienoic acid, and regulate seed development. However, their spatial distribution in the developing Glycine max L. (soybean) seeds has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of JA-related compounds in the developing soybean seeds using desorption electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analyses. METHODS Cryosections of developing seeds were prepared using adhesive films, and subjected to DESI-MSI analysis. Verification of the DESI-MSI ion images were performed using DESI-tandem MSI (MS/MSI), LC-ESI-MS and tandem MS (MS/MS). RESULTS In the DESI-MSI mass spectrum, peaks matching the chemical formulae of αLA, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), and 3-oxo-2-(2-(Z)-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid (OPC-8:0) were detected. These compounds were mainly distributed in the seed coat, especially near the hilum. This was consistent with the quantitative results obtained by LC-ESI-MS. While, DESI-MS/MSI and LC-ESI-MS/MS suggested the presence of isomers for OPDA and OPC-8:0. The effect of isomers on the DESI-MSI ion images was small for OPDA, and considerable for OPC-8:0. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that free αLA, OPDA, and OPC-8:0 were the abundant JA-related compounds mainly distributed in the seed coat of the developing soybeans. OPDA and OPC-8:0 might exert a biological role in the seed coat. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report on the accumulation of OPDA and OPC-8:0 in the seed coat. The combination of DESI-MSI and LC-ESI-MS is a useful tool for distribution analysis of JA-related compounds in the developing seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Enomoto
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
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25
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Kamoshita M, Kumar R, Anteghini M, Kunze M, Islinger M, Martins dos Santos V, Schrader M. Insights Into the Peroxisomal Protein Inventory of Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2022; 13:822509. [PMID: 35295584 PMCID: PMC8919083 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.822509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous, oxidative subcellular organelles with important functions in cellular lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. Loss of peroxisomal functions causes severe disorders with developmental and neurological abnormalities. Zebrafish are emerging as an attractive vertebrate model to study peroxisomal disorders as well as cellular lipid metabolism. Here, we combined bioinformatics analyses with molecular cell biology and reveal the first comprehensive inventory of Danio rerio peroxisomal proteins, which we systematically compared with those of human peroxisomes. Through bioinformatics analysis of all PTS1-carrying proteins, we demonstrate that D. rerio lacks two well-known mammalian peroxisomal proteins (BAAT and ZADH2/PTGR3), but possesses a putative peroxisomal malate synthase (Mlsl) and verified differences in the presence of purine degrading enzymes. Furthermore, we revealed novel candidate peroxisomal proteins in D. rerio, whose function and localisation is discussed. Our findings confirm the suitability of zebrafish as a vertebrate model for peroxisome research and open possibilities for the study of novel peroxisomal candidate proteins in zebrafish and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kamoshita
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rechal Kumar
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Anteghini
- LifeGlimmer GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Markus Kunze
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vítor Martins dos Santos
- LifeGlimmer GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Michael Schrader,
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26
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Role of ACSL4 in the chemical-induced cell death in human proximal tubule epithelial HK-2 cells. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230722. [PMID: 35103282 PMCID: PMC8829018 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) activates polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to produce PUFA-derived acyl-CoAs, which are utilised for the synthesis of various biological components, including phospholipids (PLs). Although the roles of ACSL4 in non-apoptotic programmed cell death ferroptosis are well-characterised, its role in the other types of cell death is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ACSL4 knockdown on the levels of acyl-CoA, PL, and ferroptosis in the human normal kidney proximal tubule epithelial (HK-2) cells. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses revealed that the knockdown of ACSL4 markedly reduced the levels of PUFA-derived acyl-CoA, but not those of other acyl-CoAs. In contrast with acyl-CoA levels, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-containing PL levels were preferentially decreased in the ACSL4-knockdown cells compared with the control cells. Cell death induced by the ferroptosis inducers RSL3 and FIN56 was significantly suppressed by treatment with ferrostatin-1 or ACSL4 knockdown, and, unexpectedly, upon treating with a necroptosis inhibitor. In contrast, ACSL4 knockdown failed to suppress the other oxidative stress-induced cell deaths initiated by cadmium chloride and sodium arsenite. In conclusion, ACSL4 is involved in the biosynthesis of DHA-containing PLs in HK-2 cells and is specifically involved in the cell death induced by ferroptosis inducers.
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27
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Bai F, Yu L, Shi J, Li-Beisson Y, Liu J. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases activate fatty acids for lipid synthesis, remodeling and energy production in Chlamydomonas. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:823-837. [PMID: 34665469 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) play many roles in mammals, yeasts and plants, but knowledge on their functions in microalgae remains fragmented. Here via genetic, biochemical and physiological analyses, we unraveled the function and roles of LACSs in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In vitro assays on purified recombinant proteins revealed that CrLACS1, CrLACS2 and CrLACS3 all exhibited bona fide LACS activities toward a broad range of free fatty acids. The Chlamydomonas mutants compromised in CrLACS1, CrLACS2 or CrLACS3 did not show any obvious phenotypes in lipid content or growth under nitrogen (N)-replete condition. But under N-deprivation, CrLACS1 or CrLACS2 suppression resulted in c. 50% less oil, yet with a higher amount of chloroplast lipids. By contrast, CrLACS3 suppression impaired oil remobilization and cell growth severely during N-recovery, supporting its role in fatty acid β-oxidation to provide energy and carbon sources for regrowth. Transcriptomics analysis suggested that the observed lipid phenotypes are likely not due to transcriptional reprogramming but rather a shift in metabolic adjustment. Taken together, this study provided solid experimental evidence for essential roles of the three Chlamydomonas LACS enzymes in lipid synthesis, remodeling and catabolism, and highlighted the importance of lipid homeostasis in cell growth under nutrient fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bai
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianan Shi
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Aix Marseille Université, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, 13108, France
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Li XH, Peng YJ, Ding JL, Feng MG, Ying SH. A homologue of yeast acyl-CoA synthetase Faa1 contributes to cytomembrane functionality involved in development and virulence in the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Le HHT, Liu CW, Denaro P, Jousma J, Shao NY, Rahman I, Lee WH. Genome-wide differential expression profiling of lncRNAs and mRNAs in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells exposed to e-cigarette extract. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:593. [PMID: 34863290 PMCID: PMC8643021 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic-cigarette (e-cig) usage, particularly in the youth population, is a growing concern. It is known that e-cig causes endothelial dysfunction, which is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases; however, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. We hypothesized that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play a role in e-cig-induced endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Here, we identified lncRNAs that are dysregulated in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) following 24 h of e-cig aerosol extract treatment via microarray analysis. We performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway analyses of the dysregulated mRNAs following e-cig exposure and constructed co-expression networks of the top 5 upregulated lncRNAs and the top 5 downregulated lncRNAs and the mRNAs that are correlated with them. Furthermore, the functional effects of knocking down lncRNA lung cancer-associated transcript 1 (LUCAT1) on EC phenotypes were determined as it was one of the significantly upregulated lncRNAs following e-cig exposure based on our profiling. RESULTS 183 lncRNAs and 132 mRNAs were found to be upregulated, whereas 297 lncRNAs and 413 mRNAs were found to be downregulated after e-cig exposure. We also observed that e-cig caused dysregulation of endothelial metabolism resulting in increased FAO activity, higher mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased glucose uptake and glycolysis. These results suggest that e-cig alters EC metabolism by increasing FAO to compensate for energy deficiency in ECs. Finally, the knockdown of LUCAT1 prevented e-cig-induced EC dysfunction by maintaining vascular barrier, reducing reactive oxygen species level, and increasing migration capacity. CONCLUSION This study identifies an expression profile of differentially expressed lncRNAs and several potential regulators and pathways in ECs exposed to e-cig, which provide insights into the regulation of lncRNAs and mRNAs and the role of lncRNA and mRNA networks in ECs associated e-cig exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Huong Thi Le
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 N 5th Street, Building ABC1, Rm 426, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-2157, USA
| | - Chen-Wei Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 N 5th Street, Building ABC1, Rm 426, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-2157, USA
| | - Philip Denaro
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 N 5th Street, Building ABC1, Rm 426, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-2157, USA
| | - Jordan Jousma
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ning-Yi Shao
- Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 N 5th Street, Building ABC1, Rm 426, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-2157, USA.
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Tahri-Joutey M, Andreoletti P, Surapureddi S, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Latruffe N. Mechanisms Mediating the Regulation of Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation by PPARα. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168969. [PMID: 34445672 PMCID: PMC8396561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, two cellular organelles, mitochondria and peroxisomes, share the ability to degrade fatty acid chains. Although each organelle harbors its own fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, a distinct mitochondrial system feeds the oxidative phosphorylation pathway for ATP synthesis. At the same time, the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway participates in cellular thermogenesis. A scientific milestone in 1965 helped discover the hepatomegaly effect in rat liver by clofibrate, subsequently identified as a peroxisome proliferator in rodents and an activator of the peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. These peroxisome proliferators were later identified as activating ligands of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα), cloned in 1990. The ligand-activated heterodimer PPARα/RXRα recognizes a DNA sequence, called PPRE (Peroxisome Proliferator Response Element), corresponding to two half-consensus hexanucleotide motifs, AGGTCA, separated by one nucleotide. Accordingly, the assembled complex containing PPRE/PPARα/RXRα/ligands/Coregulators controls the expression of the genes involved in liver peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. This review mobilizes a considerable number of findings that discuss miscellaneous axes, covering the detailed expression pattern of PPARα in species and tissues, the lessons from several PPARα KO mouse models and the modulation of PPARα function by dietary micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Tahri-Joutey
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco;
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
| | - Sailesh Surapureddi
- Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA;
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco;
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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31
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Enomoto H, Miyamoto K. Unique localization of jasmonic acid-related compounds in developing Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) seeds revealed through desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 188:112812. [PMID: 34015625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursors are oxylipins derived from α-linolenic acid (αLA). Presumably, they are involved in the regulation of seed embryogenesis, dormancy, and germination. However, their spatial localization in the developing Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) seeds has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) was performed to investigate their localization in the developing seeds. Peaks corresponding to the chemical formulae of αLA and 3-oxo-2-(2-(Z)-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid (OPC-8:0) were localized mainly in the radicle and seed coat, while that of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) in the seed coat. This was consistent with the quantitative results obtained using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analysis. In contrast, DESI-tandem MSI (MS/MSI) and LC-ESI-MS/MS analyses showed that the effects of isomers on the DESI-MSI ion images were small for αLA and OPDA, but not for OPC-8:0. This indicated that DESI-MSI could accurately visualize αLA and OPDA, while DESI-MS/MSI was necessary to visualize OPC-8:0. The results demonstrated that free αLA and OPC-8:0 were abundant in the radicle and seed coat, while free OPDA was accumulated in the seed coat. Interestingly, the localization pattern of OPDA was similar to that of JA. In addition, compared to the concentrations of OPDA, the concentration of OPC-8:0 was lower in the seed coat and higher in the radicle. These results suggest that OPDA and/or JA play a biological role mainly in the seed coat, while OPC-8:0 is biologically active mainly in the radicle. Therefore, DESI-MSI coupled with LC-ESI-MS is a useful tool for spatial analysis of JA-related compounds in developing common bean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Enomoto
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan; Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan; Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan.
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan; Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan
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32
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Meyer MT, Watermann C, Dreyer T, Wagner S, Wittekindt C, Klussmann JP, Ergün S, Baumgart-Vogt E, Karnati S. Differential Expression of Peroxisomal Proteins in Distinct Types of Parotid Gland Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7872. [PMID: 34360635 PMCID: PMC8345988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland cancers are rare but aggressive tumors that have poor prognosis and lack effective cure. Of those, parotid tumors constitute the majority. Functioning as metabolic machinery contributing to cellular redox balance, peroxisomes have emerged as crucial players in tumorigenesis. Studies on murine and human cells have examined the role of peroxisomes in carcinogenesis with conflicting results. These studies either examined the consequences of altered peroxisomal proliferators or compared their expression in healthy and neoplastic tissues. None, however, examined such differences exclusively in human parotid tissue or extended comparison to peroxisomal proteins and their associated gene expressions. Therefore, we examined differences in peroxisomal dynamics in parotid tumors of different morphologies. Using immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR, we compared the expression levels of key peroxisomal enzymes and proliferators in healthy and neoplastic parotid tissue samples. Three parotid tumor subtypes were examined: pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma. We observed higher expression of peroxisomal matrix proteins in neoplastic samples with exceptional down regulation of certain enzymes; however, the degree of expression varied between tumor subtypes. Our findings confirm previous experimental results on other organ tissues and suggest peroxisomes as possible therapeutic targets or markers in all or certain subtypes of parotid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Tordis Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Christoph Watermann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Thomas Dreyer
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Langhansstrasse 10, D-35392 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Claus Wittekindt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Jens Peter Klussmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, D-35385 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany;
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, D-35385 Gießen, Germany;
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33
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Zhao CS, Wei W, Luo SW, Yang P, Ren YH, Liu Y, Wang WN. FABP regulates fatty acid metabolism and oxidative response via PPARα/RXR signaling in Litopenaeus vannamei following environmental exposure of clofibric acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:954-965. [PMID: 33864550 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Clofibric acid (CFA), a drug and personal care product, has been identified as ubiquitous in the aquatic system and surface water, causing pollution to the environment. In this study, after environmental (4 µg/L) levels of CFA challenge, the LvFABP, LvACS gene expressions, total haemocyte count (THC), relative enzymes (SOD1 and GST) activities in Litopenaeus vannamei were observed to decrease. In the meantime LvFATP, LvRXR expression and the level of NEFA were upregulated in L. vannamei body. LvFABP expression in vivo was knocked down by dsRNA-mediated RNA interference (RNAi), which led to significantly decreased levels of PPARα (including LvFATP, LvRXR and LvACS). When exposed to environmental CFA after 4 days, LvFABP knocked down group had a sharp upregulation of LvFATP, LvRXR, LvACS expression, GST activity and NEFA amount, following decreased THC and SOD1 activity. These results suggested that environmental concentration CFA may have some toxicological effect on L. vannamei, following fatty acids metabolism and oxidative stress responses by LvFABP via the PPARα/RXR signaling pathway, including LvFATP, LvRXR and LvACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Ying-Hao Ren
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Wei-Na Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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34
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Peroxisomal ABC Transporters: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116093. [PMID: 34198763 PMCID: PMC8201181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute one of the largest superfamilies of conserved proteins from bacteria to mammals. In humans, three members of this family are expressed in the peroxisomal membrane and belong to the subfamily D: ABCD1 (ALDP), ABCD2 (ALDRP), and ABCD3 (PMP70). These half-transporters must dimerize to form a functional transporter, but they are thought to exist primarily as tetramers. They possess overlapping but specific substrate specificity, allowing the transport of various lipids into the peroxisomal matrix. The defects of ABCD1 and ABCD3 are responsible for two genetic disorders called X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and congenital bile acid synthesis defect 5, respectively. In addition to their role in peroxisome metabolism, it has recently been proposed that peroxisomal ABC transporters participate in cell signaling and cell control, particularly in cancer. This review presents an overview of the knowledge on the structure, function, and mechanisms involving these proteins and their link to pathologies. We summarize the different in vitro and in vivo models existing across the species to study peroxisomal ABC transporters and the consequences of their defects. Finally, an overview of the known and possible interactome involving these proteins, which reveal putative and unexpected new functions, is shown and discussed.
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35
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Tenagy, Iwama R, Kobayashi S, Shiwa Y, Yoshikawa H, Horiuchi H, Fukuda R, Kajiwara S. Acyl-CoA synthetases, Aal4 and Aal7, are involved in the utilization of exogenous fatty acids in Yarrowia lipolytica. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2021; 67:9-14. [PMID: 33100277 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica assimilates hydrophobic compounds, such as n-alkanes and fatty acids, as sole carbon and energy sources. It has been shown that the acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) genes, FAT1 and FAA1, are involved in the activation of fatty acids produced during the metabolism of n-alkanes, but the ACS genes that are involved in the metabolism of fatty acids from the culture medium remains to be identified. In this paper, we have identified the ACS genes involved in the utilization of exogenous fatty acids. RNA-seq analysis and qRT-PCR revealed that the transcript levels of the peroxisomal ACS-like protein-encoding genes AAL4 and AAL7 were increased in the presence of oleic acid. The single deletion mutant of AAL4 or AAL7 and double deletion mutant of AAL4 and AAL7 did not show any defects in the growth on the medium containing glucose, glycerol, n-alkanes, or fatty acids. In contrast, the mutant with deletion of seven genes, FAA1, FAT1-FAT4, AAL4, and AAL7, showed severe growth defects on the medium containing dodecanoic acid or oleic acid. These results suggest that Aal4p and Aal7p play important roles in the metabolism of exogenous fatty acids in collaboration with Faa1p and Fat1p-Fat4p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenagy
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Ryo Iwama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Yuh Shiwa
- Genome Research Center, NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Hirofumi Yoshikawa
- Genome Research Center, NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture.,Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryouichi Fukuda
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo
| | - Susumu Kajiwara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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36
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Ayaz A, Saqib S, Huang H, Zaman W, Lü S, Zhao H. Genome-wide comparative analysis of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) gene family: A focus on identification, evolution and expression profiling related to lipid synthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 161:1-11. [PMID: 33556720 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In plants, Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) play key roles in activating fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA thioesters, which are then further involved in lipid synthesis and fatty acid catabolism. LACSs have been intensively studied in Arabidopsis, but its evolutionary relationship in green plants is unexplored. In this study, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the LACS gene family across green plants followed by phylogenetic clustering analysis, gene structure determination, detection of conserved motifs, gene expression in tissues and subcellular localization. Our results identified LACS genes in 122 plant species including algae, low land plants (i.e., mosses and lycophytes), monocots, and eudicots. In total, 697 sequences were identified, and 629 sequences were selected because of alignment and some duplication errors. The retrieved amino acid sequences ranged from 271 to 1056 residues and diversified in intron/exon patterns in different LACSs. Phylogenetic clustering grouped LACS gene family into six major clades with distinct potential functions. This classification is well supported by examining gene structure and conserved motifs. Also, gene expression analysis and subcellular localization substantiate with clade division in the phylogeny, indicating that the evolutionary pattern is visible in their functionality. Additionally, experimental analysis of lacs2 mutant validated that LACS2 plays key roles in suberin synthesis. Thus, our study not only provides an evolutionary mechanism underlying functional diversification but also lays the foundation for further elucidation of the LACS gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ayaz
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Saddam Saqib
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Haodong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Wajid Zaman
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Huayan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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37
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Chornyi S, IJlst L, van Roermund CWT, Wanders RJA, Waterham HR. Peroxisomal Metabolite and Cofactor Transport in Humans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:613892. [PMID: 33505966 PMCID: PMC7829553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.613892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles involved in many metabolic pathways and essential for human health. They harbor a large number of enzymes involved in the different pathways, thus requiring transport of substrates, products and cofactors involved across the peroxisomal membrane. Although much progress has been made in understanding the permeability properties of peroxisomes, there are still important gaps in our knowledge about the peroxisomal transport of metabolites and cofactors. In this review, we discuss the different modes of transport of metabolites and essential cofactors, including CoA, NAD+, NADP+, FAD, FMN, ATP, heme, pyridoxal phosphate, and thiamine pyrophosphate across the peroxisomal membrane. This transport can be mediated by non-selective pore-forming proteins, selective transport proteins, membrane contact sites between organelles, and co-import of cofactors with proteins. We also discuss modes of transport mediated by shuttle systems described for NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH. We mainly focus on current knowledge on human peroxisomal metabolite and cofactor transport, but also include knowledge from studies in plants, yeast, fruit fly, zebrafish, and mice, which has been exemplary in understanding peroxisomal transport mechanisms in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Chornyi
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlo W T van Roermund
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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38
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In Vivo Optical Metabolic Imaging of Long-Chain Fatty Acid Uptake in Orthotopic Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010148. [PMID: 33466329 PMCID: PMC7794847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A dysregulated metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Once understood, tumor metabolic reprogramming can lead to targetable vulnerabilities, spurring the development of novel treatment strategies. Beyond the common observation that tumors rely heavily on glucose, building evidence indicates that a subset of tumors use lipids to maintain their proliferative or metastatic phenotype. This study developed an intra-vital microscopy method to quantify lipid uptake in breast cancer murine models using a fluorescently labeled palmitate molecule, Bodipy FL c16. This work highlights optical imaging’s ability to both measure metabolic endpoints non-destructively and repeatedly, as well as inform small animal metabolic phenotyping beyond in vivo optical imaging of breast cancer alone. Abstract Targeting a tumor’s metabolic dependencies is a clinically actionable therapeutic approach; however, identifying subtypes of tumors likely to respond remains difficult. The use of lipids as a nutrient source is of particular importance, especially in breast cancer. Imaging techniques offer the opportunity to quantify nutrient use in preclinical tumor models to guide development of new drugs that restrict uptake or utilization of these nutrients. We describe a fast and dynamic approach to image fatty acid uptake in vivo and demonstrate its relevance to study both tumor metabolic reprogramming directly, as well as the effectiveness of drugs targeting lipid metabolism. Specifically, we developed a quantitative optical approach to spatially and longitudinally map the kinetics of long-chain fatty acid uptake in in vivo murine models of breast cancer using a fluorescently labeled palmitate molecule, Bodipy FL c16. We chose intra-vital microscopy of mammary tumor windows to validate our approach in two orthotopic breast cancer models: a MYC-overexpressing, transgenic, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model and a murine model of the 4T1 family. Following injection, Bodipy FL c16 fluorescence increased and reached its maximum after approximately 30 min, with the signal remaining stable during the 30–80 min post-injection period. We used the fluorescence at 60 min (Bodipy60), the mid-point in the plateau region, as a summary parameter to quantify Bodipy FL c16 fluorescence in subsequent experiments. Using our imaging platform, we observed a two- to four-fold decrease in fatty acid uptake in response to the downregulation of the MYC oncogene, consistent with findings from in vitro metabolic assays. In contrast, our imaging studies report an increase in fatty acid uptake with tumor aggressiveness (6NR, 4T07, and 4T1), and uptake was significantly decreased after treatment with a fatty acid transport inhibitor, perphenazine, in both normal mammary pads and in the most aggressive 4T1 tumor model. Our approach fills an important gap between in vitro assays providing rich metabolic information at static time points and imaging approaches visualizing metabolism in whole organs at a reduced resolution.
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O'Brien MJ, Beijerink NJ, Sansom M, Thornton SW, Chew T, Wade CM. A large deletion on CFA28 omitting ACSL5 gene is associated with intestinal lipid malabsorption in the Australian Kelpie dog breed. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18223. [PMID: 33106515 PMCID: PMC7589484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic conditions that can disrupt intermediary metabolic pathways and cause defective absorption and metabolism of dietary nutrients. In an Australian Kelpie breeding population, 17 puppies presented with intestinal lipid malabsorption. Juvenile dogs exhibited stunted postnatal growth, steatorrhea, abdominal distension and a wiry coat. Using genome-wide association analysis, an associated locus on CFA28 (Praw = 2.87E-06) was discovered and validated in a closely related population (Praw = 1.75E-45). A 103.3 kb deletion NC_006610.3CFA28:g.23380074_23483377del, containing genes Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain Family Member 5 (ACSL5) and Zinc Finger DHHC-Type Containing 6 (ZDHHC6), was characterised using whole transcriptomic data. Whole transcriptomic sequencing revealed no expression of ACSL5 and disrupted splicing of ZDHHC6 in jejunal tissue of affected Kelpies. The ACSL5 gene plays a key role in long chain fatty acid absorption, a phenotype similar to that of our affected Kelpies has been observed in a knockout mouse model. A PCR-based diagnostic test was developed and confirmed fully penetrant autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. We conclude the structural variant causing a deletion of the ACSL5 gene is the most likely cause for intestinal lipid malabsorption in the Australian Kelpie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J O'Brien
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Niek J Beijerink
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Veterinaire Specialisten Vught, Reutsedijk 8a, 5264 PC, Vught, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy Sansom
- Callicoma Kelpies, Grafton, NSW, 2460, Australia
| | - Sarah W Thornton
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Unaffiliated, Los Altos, USA
| | - Tracy Chew
- Sydney Informatic Hub, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Claire M Wade
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Zhang CL, Hu X, Zhang YL, Liu Y, Wang GL, You CX, Li YY, Hao YJ. An apple long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2 gene enhances plant resistance to abiotic stress by regulating the accumulation of cuticular wax. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1450-1465. [PMID: 32578855 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Apple cuticular wax can protect plants from environmental stress, determine fruit luster and improve postharvest fruit storage quality. In recent years, dry weather, soil salinization and adverse environmental conditions have led to declines in apple fruit quality. However, few studies have reported the molecular mechanisms of apple cuticular wax biosynthesis. In this study, we identified a long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase MdLACS2 gene from apple. The MdLACS2 protein contained an AMP-binding domain and demonstrated long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase activity. MdLACS2 transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited reductions in epidermal permeability and water loss; change in the expression of genes related to cuticular wax biosynthesis, transport and transcriptional regulation; and differences in the composition and ultrastructure of cuticular wax. Moreover, the accumulation of cuticular wax enhanced the resistance of MdLACS2 transgenic plants to drought and salt stress. The main protein functional interaction networks of LACS2 were predicted, revealing a preliminary molecular regulation pathway for MdLACS2-mediated wax biosynthesis in apple. Our study provides candidate genes for breeding apple varieties and rootstocks with better fruit quality and higher stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Luan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, China
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Zhao X, Tang B, Xu J, Wang N, Zhou Z, Zhang J. A SET domain-containing protein involved in cell wall integrity signaling and peroxisome biogenesis is essential for appressorium formation and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 145:103474. [PMID: 33007450 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The chromatin modulator Set5 plays important regulatory roles in both cell growth and stress responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, its function in filamentous fungi remains poorly understood. Here, we report the pathogenicity-related gene CgSET5 discovered in a T-DNA insertional mutant M285 of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that CgSET5 encodes a SET domain-containing protein that is a homolog of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae Set5. CgSET5 is important for hyphae growth and conidiation and is necessary for appressorium formation and pathogenicity. CgSet5 regulates appressorium formation in a mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent manner. Inactivation of CgSET5 resulted in a significant reduction in chitin content within the cell wall, indicating CgSet5 plays a vital role in cell wall integrity. CgSet5 is involved in peroxisome biogenesis. We identified CgSet5 as the histone H4 methyltransferase, which methylates the critical H4 lysine residues 5 and 8 in C. gloeosporioides. We carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen to find CgSet5 interacting partners. We found CgSet5 putatively interacts with an inorganic pyrophosphatase named CgPpa1, which co-localized in the cytoplasm with CgSet5. Finally, CgPpa1 was found to strongly interact with CgSet5 in vivo during appressorium formation by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. These data corroborate a complex control function of CgSet5 acting as a core pathogenic regulator, which connects cell wall integrity and peroxisome biogenesis in C. gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Bozeng Tang
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jie Xu
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Na Wang
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Zongshan Zhou
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng 125100, China.
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Fernandez RF, Ellis JM. Acyl-CoA synthetases as regulators of brain phospholipid acyl-chain diversity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 161:102175. [PMID: 33031993 PMCID: PMC8693597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Each individual cell-type is defined by its distinct morphology, phenotype, molecular and lipidomic profile. The importance of maintaining cell-specific lipidomic profiles is exemplified by the numerous diseases, disorders, and dysfunctional outcomes that occur as a direct result of altered lipidome. Therefore, the mechanisms regulating cellular lipidome diversity play a role in maintaining essential biological functions. The brain is an organ particularly rich in phospholipids, the main constituents of cellular membranes. The phospholipid acyl-chain profile of membranes in the brain is rather diverse due in part to the high degree of cellular heterogeneity. These membranes and the acyl-chain composition of their phospholipids are highly regulated, but the mechanisms that confer this tight regulation are incompletely understood. A family of enzymes called acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) stands at a pinnacle step allowing influence over cellular acyl-chain selection and subsequent metabolic flux. ACSs perform the initial reaction for cellular fatty acid metabolism by ligating a Coenzyme A to a fatty acid which both traps a fatty acid within a cell and activates it for metabolism. The ACS family of enzymes is large and diverse consisting of 25-26 family members that are nonredundant, each with unique distribution across and within cell types, and differential fatty acid substrate preferences. Thus, ACSs confer a critical intracellular fatty acid selecting step in a cell-type dependent manner providing acyl-CoA moieties that serve as essential precursors for phospholipid synthesis and remodeling, and therefore serve as a key regulator of cellular membrane acyl-chain compositional diversity. Here we will discuss how the contribution of individual ACSs towards brain lipid metabolism has only just begun to be elucidated and discuss the possibilities for how ACSs may differentially regulate brain lipidomic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F Fernandez
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, NC, United States
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, NC, United States.
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Watanabe H, Paxton RL, Tolerico MR, Nagalakshmi VK, Tanaka S, Okusa MD, Goto S, Narita I, Watanabe S, Sequeira-Lοpez MLS, Gomez RA. Expression of Acsm2, a kidney-specific gene, parallels the function and maturation of proximal tubular cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F603-F611. [PMID: 32830538 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00348.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 2 (Acsm2) gene was first identified and cloned by our group as a kidney-specific "KS" gene. However, its expression pattern and function remain to be clarified. In the present study, we found that the Acsm2 gene was expressed specifically and at a high level in normal adult kidneys. Expression of Acsm2 in kidneys followed a maturational pattern: it was low in newborn mice and increased with kidney development and maturation. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that Acsm2 was expressed specifically in proximal tubular cells of adult kidneys. Data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements database revealed that the Acsm2 gene locus in the mouse has specific histone modifications related to the active transcription of the gene exclusively in kidney cells. Following acute kidney injury, partial unilateral ureteral obstruction, and chronic kidney diseases, expression of Acsm2 in the proximal tubules was significantly decreased. In human samples, the expression pattern of ACSM2A, a homolog of mouse Acsm2, was similar to that in mice, and its expression decreased with several types of renal injuries. These results indicate that the expression of Acsm2 parallels the structural and functional maturation of proximal tubular cells. Downregulation of its expression in several models of kidney disease suggests that Acms2 may serve as a novel marker of proximal tubular injury and/or dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert L Paxton
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Matthew R Tolerico
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Vidya K Nagalakshmi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shin Goto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Izu Medical and Welfare Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Maria Luisa S Sequeira-Lοpez
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - R Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Abstract
The loss of peroxisomal function has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this issue of Neuron, Chung et al. (2020) demonstrate that gain- and loss-of-function mutations in the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) gene cause neurodegeneration via distinct molecular pathways in glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Griffin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan L Ackerman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Section of Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Peroxisomal Cofactor Transport. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081174. [PMID: 32806597 PMCID: PMC7463629 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are eukaryotic organelles that are essential for growth and development. They are highly metabolically active and house many biochemical reactions, including lipid metabolism and synthesis of signaling molecules. Most of these metabolic pathways are shared with other compartments, such as Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and plastids. Peroxisomes, in common with all other cellular organelles are dependent on a wide range of cofactors, such as adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), Coenzyme A (CoA), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The availability of the peroxisomal cofactor pool controls peroxisome function. The levels of these cofactors available for peroxisomal metabolism is determined by the balance between synthesis, import, export, binding, and degradation. Since the final steps of cofactor synthesis are thought to be located in the cytosol, cofactors must be imported into peroxisomes. This review gives an overview about our current knowledge of the permeability of the peroxisomal membrane with the focus on ATP, CoA, and NAD. Several members of the mitochondrial carrier family are located in peroxisomes, catalyzing the transfer of these organic cofactors across the peroxisomal membrane. Most of the functions of these peroxisomal cofactor transporters are known from studies in yeast, humans, and plants. Parallels and differences between the transporters in the different organisms are discussed here.
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Zhang CL, Zhang YL, Hu X, Xiao X, Wang GL, You CX, Li YY, Hao YJ. An apple long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, MdLACS4, induces early flowering and enhances abiotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 297:110529. [PMID: 32563467 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aerial parts of apple are protected against environmental stress by cuticular wax. Although it has been suggested that several long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases are involved in wax biosynthesis, the molecular pathway of apple cuticular wax biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, an MdLACS4 protein with long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase activity was isolated from apple. The MdLACS4 gene was highly expressed in pericarp, stem, and mature leaf tissues. Ectopic expression of MdLACS4 in Arabidopsis induced early flowering. Compared with wild-type plants, MdLACS4 transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited lower water loss rates, reduced epidermal permeability, increased cuticular wax in stems and leaves, and altered cuticular ultrastructure. Furthermore, the accumulation of cuticular wax enhanced the resistance of MdLACS4 transgenic plants to drought and salt stress. Finally, predicted protein functional interaction networks for LACS4 suggested that the molecular regulation pathway of MdLACS4 mediates wax biosynthesis in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Luan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles involved in lipid metabolism and cellular redox balance. Peroxisomal function is central to fatty acid oxidation, ether phospholipid synthesis, bile acid synthesis, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Human disorders caused by genetic mutations in peroxisome genes have led to extensive studies on peroxisome biology. Peroxisomal defects are linked to metabolic dysregulation in diverse human diseases, such as neurodegeneration and age-related disorders, revealing the significance of peroxisome metabolism in human health. Cancer is a disease with metabolic aberrations. Despite the critical role of peroxisomes in cell metabolism, the functional effects of peroxisomes in cancer are not as well recognized as those of other metabolic organelles, such as mitochondria. In addition, the significance of peroxisomes in cancer is less appreciated than it is in degenerative diseases. In this review, I summarize the metabolic pathways in peroxisomes and the dysregulation of peroxisome metabolism in cancer. In addition, I discuss the potential of inactivating peroxisomes to target cancer metabolism, which may pave the way for more effective cancer treatment.
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de Brun V, Loor JJ, Naya H, Vailati-Riboni M, Bulgari O, Shahzad K, Abecia JA, Sosa C, Meikle A. The embryo affects day 14 uterine transcriptome depending on nutritional status in sheep. a. Metabolic adaptation to pregnancy in nourished and undernourished ewes. Theriogenology 2020; 146:14-19. [PMID: 32036055 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of undernutrition and the presence of the conceptus at the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy on the expression of uterine indicators of metabolism in ewes. Adult Rasa Aragonesa ewes were allocated to one of two planes of nutrition for 28 days: maintenance energy intake (control; 5 cyclic and 6 pregnant ewes) providing 7.8 MJ of metabolisable energy, and 0.5 maintenance intake (undernourished; 6 cyclic and 7 pregnant ewes) providing 3.9 MJ of metabolisable energy per ewe. RNA from intercaruncular uterine tissue was harvested at slaughter on Day 14 of estrous cycle or pregnancy, and hybridized to the Agilent 15K Sheep Microarray chip. Functional bioinformatics analyses were performed using PANTHER (Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships) Classification System. The presence of the embryo upregulated expression of genes encoding peptide and monocarboxylate transporters regardless of nutritional treatment, although the degree of gene expression was lower in undernourished ewes. Genes encoding enzymes involved in glycolysis were downregulated both in pregnant control and undernourished ewes, probably as a compensatory mechanism for the increased glucose transport to the uterus. Compared with control cyclic ewes, control pregnant ewes had greater expression of genes involved in oxidation of fatty acids, suggesting increased uterine energy demands. This was not observed in undernourished pregnant animals when compared to undernourished cyclic ewes; nevertheless, those animals had lower uterine expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. The presence of the embryo upregulated genes involved in electron transport probably as a result of increased energy demands for pregnancy. Overall, the data indicate that depending on the nutritional status of ewe, pregnancy alters gene expression of metabolic pathways related to energy generation in the uterus. An impairment in nutrient transport and metabolism in the uterus of pregnant undernourished ewes may explain the greater embryo mortality associated with undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria de Brun
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Animal, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Hugo Naya
- Departamento de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mario Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Omar Bulgari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Khuram Shahzad
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - José Alfonso Abecia
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ana Meikle
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Animal, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Naquet P, Kerr EW, Vickers SD, Leonardi R. Regulation of coenzyme A levels by degradation: the 'Ins and Outs'. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 78:101028. [PMID: 32234503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is the predominant acyl carrier in mammalian cells and a cofactor that plays a key role in energy and lipid metabolism. CoA and its thioesters (acyl-CoAs) regulate a multitude of metabolic processes at different levels: as substrates, allosteric modulators, and via post-translational modification of histones and other non-histone proteins. Evidence is emerging that synthesis and degradation of CoA are regulated in a manner that enables metabolic flexibility in different subcellular compartments. Degradation of CoA occurs through distinct intra- and extracellular pathways that rely on the activity of specific hydrolases. The pantetheinase enzymes specifically hydrolyze pantetheine to cysteamine and pantothenate, the last step in the extracellular degradation pathway for CoA. This reaction releases pantothenate in the bloodstream, making this CoA precursor available for cellular uptake and de novo CoA synthesis. Intracellular degradation of CoA depends on specific mitochondrial and peroxisomal Nudix hydrolases. These enzymes are also active against a subset of acyl-CoAs and play a key role in the regulation of subcellular (acyl-)CoA pools and CoA-dependent metabolic reactions. The evidence currently available indicates that the extracellular and intracellular (acyl-)CoA degradation pathways are regulated in a coordinated and opposite manner by the nutritional state and maximize the changes in the total intracellular CoA levels that support the metabolic switch between fed and fasted states in organs like the liver. The objective of this review is to update the contribution of these pathways to the regulation of metabolism, physiology and pathology and to highlight the many questions that remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Naquet
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Evan W Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States of America
| | - Schuyler D Vickers
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States of America
| | - Roberta Leonardi
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States of America.
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Le T, Žárský V, Nývltová E, Rada P, Harant K, Vancová M, Verner Z, Hrdý I, Tachezy J. Anaerobic peroxisomes in Mastigamoeba balamuthi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2065-2075. [PMID: 31932444 PMCID: PMC6994998 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909755117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of eukaryotic cells to anaerobic conditions is reflected by substantial changes to mitochondrial metabolism and functional reduction. Hydrogenosomes belong among the most modified mitochondrial derivative and generate molecular hydrogen concomitant with ATP synthesis. The reduction of mitochondria is frequently associated with loss of peroxisomes, which compartmentalize pathways that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus protect against cellular damage. The biogenesis and function of peroxisomes are tightly coupled with mitochondria. These organelles share fission machinery components, oxidative metabolism pathways, ROS scavenging activities, and some metabolites. The loss of peroxisomes in eukaryotes with reduced mitochondria is thus not unexpected. Surprisingly, we identified peroxisomes in the anaerobic, hydrogenosome-bearing protist Mastigamoeba balamuthi We found a conserved set of peroxin (Pex) proteins that are required for protein import, peroxisomal growth, and division. Key membrane-associated Pexs (MbPex3, MbPex11, and MbPex14) were visualized in numerous vesicles distinct from hydrogenosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi complex. Proteomic analysis of cellular fractions and prediction of peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS1/PTS2) identified 51 putative peroxisomal matrix proteins. Expression of selected proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed specific targeting to peroxisomes. The matrix proteins identified included components of acyl-CoA and carbohydrate metabolism and pyrimidine and CoA biosynthesis, whereas no components related to either β-oxidation or catalase were present. In conclusion, we identified a subclass of peroxisomes, named "anaerobic" peroxisomes that shift the current paradigm and turn attention to the reductive evolution of peroxisomes in anaerobic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Le
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Žárský
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Nývltová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Rada
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Harant
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vancová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Verner
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hrdý
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic;
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