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Xia C, Dai W, Carreno J, Rogando A, Wu X, Simmons D, Astraea N, Dalleska NF, Fonteh AN, Vasudevan A, Arakaki X, Kloner RA. Higher sodium in older individuals or after stroke/reperfusion, but not in migraine or Alzheimer's disease - a study in different preclinical models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21636. [PMID: 39284837 PMCID: PMC11405707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium serves as one of the primary cations in the central nervous system, playing a crucial role in maintaining normal brain function. In this study, we investigated alterations in sodium concentrations in the brain and/or cerebrospinal fluid across multiple models, including an aging model, a stroke model, a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced rat migraine model, a familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2) mouse model, and a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our results reveal that older rats exhibited higher sodium concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and various brain regions compared to their younger counterparts. Additionally, findings from the stroke model demonstrated a significant increase in sodium in the ischemic/reperfused region, accompanied by a decrease in potassium and an elevated sodium/potassium ratio. However, we did not detect significant changes in sodium in the NTG-induced rat migraine model or the FHM2 mouse model. Furthermore, AD transgenic mice showed no significant differences in sodium levels compared to wild-type mice in CSF, plasma, or the hippocampus. These results underscore the nuanced regulation of sodium homeostasis in various neurological conditions and aging, providing valuable insights into potential mechanisms underlying these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Xia
- Cognition and Brain Integration Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Wangde Dai
- Cardiovascular Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Juan Carreno
- Cardiovascular Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Rogando
- Cognition and Brain Integration Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- Analytical Biochemistry Core, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Darren Simmons
- Analytical Biochemistry Core, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Astraea
- Analytical Biochemistry Core, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Nathan F Dalleska
- Water and Environment Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alfred N Fonteh
- Biomarker and Neuro-Disease Mechanism Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Anju Vasudevan
- Angiogenesis and Brain Development Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xianghong Arakaki
- Cognition and Brain Integration Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Robert A Kloner
- Cardiovascular Department, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Lui E, Venkatraman VK, Finch S, Chua M, Li TQ, Sutton BP, Steward CE, Moffat B, Cyarto EV, Ellis KA, Rowe CC, Masters CL, Lautenschlager NT, Desmond PM. 3T sodium-MRI as predictor of neurocognition in nondemented older adults: a cross sectional study. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae307. [PMID: 39318783 PMCID: PMC11420980 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a burgeoning global problem. Novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics beyond volumetry may bring new insight and aid clinical trial evaluation of interventions early in the Alzheimer's disease course to complement existing imaging and clinical metrics. To determine whether: (i) normalized regional sodium-MRI values (Na-SI) are better predictors of neurocognitive status than volumetry (ii) cerebral amyloid PET status improves modelling. Nondemented older adult (>60 years) volunteers of known Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog11), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neurocognitive test scores, ApolipoproteinE (APOE) e4 +/- cerebral amyloid PET status were prospectively recruited for 3T sodium-MRI brain scans. Left and right hippocampal, entorhinal and precuneus volumes and Na-SI (using the proportional intensity scaling normalization method with field inhomogeneity and partial volume corrections) were obtained after segmentation and co-registration of 3D-T1-weighted proton images. Descriptive statistics, correlation and best-subset regression analyses were performed. In our 76 nondemented participants (mean(standard deviation) age 75(5) years; woman 47(62%); cognitively unimpaired 54/76(71%), mildly cognitively impaired 22/76(29%)), left hippocampal Na-SI, not volume, was preferentially in the best models for predicting MMSE (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.19(Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.07,0.53), P-value = 0.001) and ADAS-Cog11 (Beta(B) = 1.2(CI = 0.28,2.1), P-value = 0.01) scores. In the entorhinal analysis, right entorhinal Na-SI, not volume, was preferentially selected in the best model for predicting ADAS-Cog11 (B = 0.94(CI = 0.11,1.8), P-value = 0.03). While right entorhinal Na-SI and volume were both selected for MMSE modelling (Na-SI OR = 0.23(CI = 0.09,0.6), P-value = 0.003; volume OR = 2.6(CI = 1.0,6.6), P-value = 0.04), independently, Na-SI explained more of the variance (Na-SI R 2 = 10.3; volume R 2 = 7.5). No imaging variable was selected in the best CERAD models. Adding cerebral amyloid status improved model fit (Akaike Information Criterion increased 2.0 for all models, P-value < 0.001-0.045). Regional Na-SI were more predictive of MMSE and ADAS-Cog11 scores in our nondemented older adult cohort than volume, hippocampal more robust than entorhinal region of interest. Positive amyloid status slightly further improved model fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lui
- Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3050 Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, 3050 Victoria, Australia
| | - Vijay K Venkatraman
- Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3050 Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, 3050 Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Finch
- Statistical Consulting Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Chua
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, 3050 Victoria, Australia
| | - Tie-Qiang Li
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Beckman Institute for Advance Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Christopher E Steward
- Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3050 Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, 3050 Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradford Moffat
- Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3050 Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth V Cyarto
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Ellis
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, 3084 Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052 Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052 Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital Mental Health Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052 Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia M Desmond
- Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3050 Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, 3050 Victoria, Australia
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Zhuang Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Dai F, Sun J. The relationship between mineral mixture intake and cognitive function in older US adults: a cross-sectional NHANES study. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100355. [PMID: 39241529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Laifu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jingyan Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Huang Z, Chen Q, Mu X, An Z, Xu Y. Elucidating the Functional Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9211. [PMID: 39273160 PMCID: PMC11394787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuronal loss, representing a most challenging health issue. We present a computational analysis of transcriptomic data of AD tissues vs. healthy controls, focused on the elucidation of functional roles played by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) throughout the AD progression. We first assembled our own lncRNA transcripts from the raw RNA-Seq data generated from 527 samples of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, resulting in the identification of 31,574 novel lncRNA genes. Based on co-expression analyses between mRNAs and lncRNAs, a co-expression network was constructed. Maximal subnetworks with dense connections were identified as functional clusters. Pathway enrichment analyses were conducted over mRNAs and lncRNAs in each cluster, which served as the basis for the inference of functional roles played by lncRNAs involved in each of the key steps in an AD development model that we have previously built based on transcriptomic data of protein-encoding genes. Detailed information is presented about the functional roles of lncRNAs in activities related to stress response, reprogrammed metabolism, cell polarity, and development. Our analyses also revealed that lncRNAs have the discerning power to distinguish between AD samples of each stage and healthy controls. This study represents the first of its kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Huang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Systems Biology Lab for Metabolic Reprogramming, Department of Human Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiufen Chen
- Systems Biology Lab for Metabolic Reprogramming, Department of Human Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuechen Mu
- Systems Biology Lab for Metabolic Reprogramming, Department of Human Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zheng An
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Systems Biology Lab for Metabolic Reprogramming, Department of Human Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Liu R, Collier JM, Abdul-Rahman NH, Capuk O, Zhang Z, Begum G. Dysregulation of Ion Channels and Transporters and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1748-1770. [PMID: 38300642 PMCID: PMC11272208 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in maintaining ion and fluid homeostasis, essential for brain metabolism and neuronal function. Regulation of nutrient, water, and ion transport across the BBB is tightly controlled by specialized ion transporters and channels located within its unique cellular components. These dynamic transport processes not only influence the BBB's structure but also impact vital signaling mechanisms, essential for its optimal function. Disruption in ion, pH, and fluid balance at the BBB is associated with brain pathology and has been implicated in various neurological conditions, including stroke, epilepsy, trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, knowledge gaps exist regarding the impact of ion transport dysregulation on BBB function in neurodegenerative dementias. Several factors contribute to this gap: the complex nature of these conditions, historical research focus on neuronal mechanisms and technical challenges in studying the ion transport mechanisms in in vivo models and the lack of efficient in vitro BBB dementia models. This review provides an overview of current research on the roles of ion transporters and channels at the BBB and poses specific research questions: 1) How are the expression and activity of key ion transporters altered in AD and vascular dementia (VaD); 2) Do these changes contribute to BBB dysfunction and disease progression; and 3) Can restoring ion transport function mitigate BBB dysfunction and improve clinical outcomes. Addressing these gaps will provide a greater insight into the vascular pathology of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jenelle M Collier
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Okan Capuk
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Zhongling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Gulnaz Begum
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Scholefield M, Church SJ, Xu J, Cooper GJS. Metallomic analysis of brain tissues distinguishes between cases of dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease dementia. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1412356. [PMID: 38988772 PMCID: PMC11233441 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1412356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) can be difficult to distinguish from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) at different stages of its progression due to some overlaps in the clinical and neuropathological presentation of these conditions compared with DLB. Metallomic changes have already been observed in the AD and PDD brain-including widespread decreases in Cu levels and more localised alterations in Na, K, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Se. This study aimed to determine whether these metallomic changes appear in the DLB brain, and how the metallomic profile of the DLB brain appears in comparison to the AD and PDD brain. Methods Brain tissues from ten regions of 20 DLB cases and 19 controls were obtained. The concentrations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Se were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Case-control differences were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U tests. Results were compared with those previously obtained from AD and PDD brain tissue, and principal component analysis (PCA) plots were created to determine whether cerebral metallomic profiles could distinguish DLB from AD or PDD metallomic profiles. Results Na was increased and Cu decreased in four and five DLB brain regions, respectively. More localised alterations in Mn, Ca, Fe, and Se were also identified. Despite similarities in Cu changes between all three diseases, PCA plots showed that DLB cases could be readily distinguished from AD cases using data from the middle temporal gyrus, primary visual cortex, and cingulate gyrus, whereas DLB and PDD cases could be clearly separated using data from the primary visual cortex alone. Conclusion Despite shared alterations in Cu levels, the post-mortem DLB brain shows very few other similarities with the metallomic profile of the AD or PDD brain. These findings suggest that while Cu deficiencies appear common to all three conditions, metal alterations otherwise differ between DLB and PDD/AD. These findings can contribute to our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of these three diseases; if these changes can be observed in the living human brain, they may also contribute to the differential diagnosis of DLB from AD and/or PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Scholefield
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jingshu Xu
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hong S, Choi Y, Lee MB, Rhee HY, Park S, Ryu CW, Cho AR, Kwon OI, Jahng GH. Increased extra-neurite conductivity of brain in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111807. [PMID: 38520873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate how the extra-neurite conductivity (EC) and intra-neurite conductivity (IC) were reflected in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared with old cognitively normal (CN) people and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to evaluate the association between those conductivity values and cognitive decline. To do this, high-frequency conductivity (HFC) at the Larmor frequency was obtained using MRI-based electrical property tomography (MREPT) and was decomposed into EC and IC using information of multi-shell multi-gradient direction diffusion tensor images. This prospective single-center study included 20 patients with mild or moderate AD, 25 patients with amnestic MCI, and 21 old CN participants. After decomposing EC and IC from HFC for all participants, we performed voxel-based and regions-of-interest analyses to compare conductivity between the three participant groups and to evaluate the association with either age or the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. We found increased EC in AD compared to CN and MCI. EC was significantly negatively associated with MMSE scores in the insula, and middle temporal gyrus. EC might be used as an imaging biomarker for helping to monitor cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seowon Hong
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Undergraduate School, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Bae Lee
- Department of Mathematics, College of Basic Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Young Rhee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 26 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonchan Park
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 26 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 26 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Rang Cho
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 26 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh In Kwon
- Department of Mathematics, College of Basic Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 26 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Kerl HU, Baazaoui H, Herrmann K, Adlung A, Ludwig NK, Hausner L, Frölich L, Schad L, Groden C, Mohamed SA. Sodium signal intensity of CSF using 1H-guided 23Na-MRI as a potential noninvasive biomarker in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimaging 2024. [PMID: 38807265 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline and mnestic deficits. The pathophysiology of AD is not fully understood, which renders the development of accurate tools for early diagnosis and effective therapies exceedingly difficult. In this study, we investigated the use of 23Na-MRI to measure the relative sodium signal intensities (rSSIs) in CSF in patients with AD and healthy controls. METHODS We prospectively recruited 11 patients with biomarker-diagnosed early-stage AD, as well as 12 cognitively healthy age-matched controls. All participants underwent 23Na-MRI to measure rSSI. Statistical analyses were performed to compare CSF sodium signal intensities between groups and to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the rSSI in the diagnosis of AD. RESULTS RSSIs in CSF were significantly higher in AD patients (mean = 68.6% ± 7.7%) compared to healthy controls (mean = 56.9% ± 5.5%) (p < .001). There was also a significant negative correlation between rSSI in CSF and hippocampus and amygdala volumes (r = -.54 and -.49, p < .05) as well as a positive correlation with total CSF volumes (r = .81, p < .05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed high diagnostic accuracy for rSSI in discriminating between AD patients and healthy controls (area under the curve = .94). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that rSSI in CSF is increased in AD patients in comparison to healthy controls. rSSI may serve as a potential marker for early detection and monitoring of disease progression. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings and to investigate the association between rSSI in CSF and the severity of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Kerl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hakim Baazaoui
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Herrmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Adlung
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nadia K Ludwig
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Löwenstein Medical Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar Schad
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Groden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sherif A Mohamed
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Bøgh N, Sørensen CB, Alstrup AKO, Hansen ESS, Andersen OM, Laustsen C. Mice and minipigs with compromised expression of the Alzheimer's disease gene SORL1 show cerebral metabolic disturbances on hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate and sodium MRI. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae114. [PMID: 38650831 PMCID: PMC11034025 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) gene, encoding the cellular endosomal sorting-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA), is now established as a causal gene for Alzheimer's disease. As the latest addition to the list of causal genes, the pathophysiological effects and biomarker potential of SORL1 variants remain relatively undiscovered. Metabolic dysfunction is, however, well described in patients with Alzheimer's disease and is used as an imaging biomarker in clinical diagnosis settings. To understand the metabolic consequences of loss-of-function SORL1 mutations, we applied two metabolic MRI technologies, sodium (23Na) MRI and MRI with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate, in minipigs and mice with compromised expression of SORL1. At the age analysed here, both animal models display no conventional imaging evidence of neurodegeneration but show biochemical signs of elevated amyloid production, thus representing the early preclinical disease. With hyperpolarized MRI, the exchange from [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate and 13C-bicarbonate was decreased by 32 and 23%, respectively, in the cerebrum of SORL1-haploinsufficient minipigs. A robust 11% decrease in the sodium content was observed with 23Na-MRI in the same minipigs. Comparably, the brain sodium concentration gradually decreased from control to SORL1 haploinsufficient (-11%) to SORL1 knockout mice (-23%), suggesting a gene dose dependence in the metabolic dysfunction. The present study highlights that metabolic MRI technologies are sensitive to the functional, metabolic consequences of Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-linked genotypes. Further, the study suggests a potential avenue of research into the mechanisms of metabolic alterations by SORL1 mutations and their potential role in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Bøgh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- A&E, Gødstrup Hospital, 7400 Herning, Denmark
| | | | - Aage K O Alstrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben S S Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Olav M Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Llera-Oyola J, Carceller H, Andreu Z, Hidalgo MR, Soler-Sáez I, Gordillo F, Gómez-Cabañes B, Roson B, de la Iglesia-Vayá M, Mancuso R, Guerini FR, Mizokami A, García-García F. The role of microRNAs in understanding sex-based differences in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:13. [PMID: 38297404 PMCID: PMC10832236 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-the most frequent cause of dementia-is expected to increase as life expectancies rise across the globe. While sex-based differences in AD have previously been described, there remain uncertainties regarding any association between sex and disease-associated molecular mechanisms. Studying sex-specific expression profiles of regulatory factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs) could contribute to more accurate disease diagnosis and treatment. METHODS A systematic review identified six studies of microRNA expression in AD patients that incorporated information regarding the biological sex of samples in the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. A differential microRNA expression analysis was performed, considering disease status and patient sex. Subsequently, results were integrated within a meta-analysis methodology, with a functional enrichment of meta-analysis results establishing an association between altered miRNA expression and relevant Gene Ontology terms. RESULTS Meta-analyses of miRNA expression profiles in blood samples revealed the alteration of sixteen miRNAs in female and 22 miRNAs in male AD patients. We discovered nine miRNAs commonly overexpressed in both sexes, suggesting a shared miRNA dysregulation profile. Functional enrichment results based on miRNA profiles revealed sex-based differences in biological processes; most affected processes related to ubiquitination, regulation of different kinase activities, and apoptotic processes in males, but RNA splicing and translation in females. Meta-analyses of miRNA expression profiles in brain samples revealed the alteration of six miRNAs in female and four miRNAs in male AD patients. We observed a single underexpressed miRNA in female and male AD patients (hsa-miR-767-5p); however, the functional enrichment analysis for brain samples did not reveal any specifically affected biological process. CONCLUSIONS Sex-specific meta-analyses supported the detection of differentially expressed miRNAs in female and male AD patients, highlighting the relevance of sex-based information in biomedical data. Further studies on miRNA regulation in AD patients should meet the criteria for comparability and standardization of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Llera-Oyola
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Carlos Simon Foundation-INCLIVA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - Héctor Carceller
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
- Joint Unit in Biomedical Imaging FISABIO-CIPF, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, València, Spain
| | - Zoraida Andreu
- Foundation Valencian Institute of Oncology (FIVO), 46009, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidalgo
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Soler-Sáez
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Gordillo
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Gómez-Cabañes
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Roson
- Carlos Simon Foundation-INCLIVA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria de la Iglesia-Vayá
- Joint Unit in Biomedical Imaging FISABIO-CIPF, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, València, Spain
| | - Roberta Mancuso
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Akiko Mizokami
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health (OBT) Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Francisco García-García
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Luo Y, Živković ML, Wang J, Ryneš J, Foldynová-Trantírková S, Trantírek L, Verga D, Mergny JL. A sodium/potassium switch for G4-prone G/C-rich sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:448-461. [PMID: 37986223 PMCID: PMC10783510 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal ions are essential components for the survival of living organisms. For most species, intracellular and extracellular ionic conditions differ significantly. As G-quadruplexes (G4s) are ion-dependent structures, changes in the [Na+]/[K+] ratio may affect the folding of genomic G4s. More than 11000 putative G4 sequences in the human genome (hg19) contain at least two runs of three continuous cytosines, and these mixed G/C-rich sequences may form a quadruplex or a competing hairpin structure based on G-C base pairing. In this study, we examine how the [Na+]/[K+] ratio influences the structures of G/C-rich sequences. The natural G4 structure with a 9-nt long central loop, CEBwt, was chosen as a model sequence, and the loop bases were gradually replaced by cytosines. The series of CEB mutations revealed that the presence of cytosines in G4 loops does not prevent G4 folding or decrease G4 stability but increases the probability of forming a competing structure, either a hairpin or an intermolecular duplex. Slow conversion to the quadruplex in vitro (in a potassium-rich buffer) and cells was demonstrated by NMR. 'Shape-shifting' sequences may respond to [Na+]/[K+] changes with delayed kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Martina Lenarčič Živković
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jan Ryneš
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lukáš Trantírek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Verga
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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12
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Sarukhanyan E, Dandekar T. In silico designed microtubule-stabilizer drugs against tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8992-9012. [PMID: 36331069 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2139760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are the main building blocks of the cytoskeleton that maintain the shape of the cell. Microtubule-associated proteins, such as Tau protein, facilitate their plasticity in cells. Highly phosphorylated Tau has weak affinity to microtubule and, hence, high probability of aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles (tauopathy). Alzheimer's disease evolves when Tau proteins are abnormally phosphorylated. To prevent tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease, we designed drugs de novo targeting them in silico to the phosphorylated Tau-microtubule complexes. Our molecular docking (AutoDock, MOE, GOLD) and molecular dynamics (GROMACS, 2019.6) simulation results revealed compound 23 (C12H28N4O5) as a potential drug candidate, since it can bind (-11.1 kcal/mol by AutoDock) and fix not only phosphorylated Tau on the surface of microtubules, but also prevent their aggregation into bundles. In addition, compound 23 has shown its ability to de-bundle already grouped phosphorylated peptides into single pieces.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Sarukhanyan
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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13
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D’Angiolini S, Basile MS, Mazzon E, Gugliandolo A. In Silico Analysis Reveals the Modulation of Ion Transmembrane Transporters in the Cerebellum of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13924. [PMID: 37762226 PMCID: PMC10530854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. AD hallmarks are extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. It is interesting to notice that Aβ plaques appear in the cerebellum only in late stages of the disease, and then it was hypothesized that it can be resistant to specific neurodegenerative mechanisms. However, the role of cerebellum in AD pathogenesis is not clear yet. In this study, we performed an in silico analysis to evaluate the transcriptional profile of cerebellum in AD patients and non-AD subjects in order to deepen the knowledge on its role in AD. The analysis evidenced that only the molecular function (MF) "active ion transmembrane transporter activity" was overrepresented. Regarding the 21 differentially expressed genes included in this MF, some of them may be involved in the ion dyshomeostasis reported in AD, while others assumed, in the cerebellum, an opposite regulation compared to those reported in other brain regions in AD patients. They might be associated to a protective phenotype, that may explain the initial resistance of cerebellum to neurodegeneration in AD. Of note, this MF was not overrepresented in prefrontal cortex and visual cortex indicating that it is a peculiarity of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.D.); (M.S.B.); (A.G.)
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14
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Li Q, Qi S, Liang J, Tian Y, He S, Liao Q, Xing S, Han L, Chen X. Review of triazole scaffolds for treatment and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110623. [PMID: 37451665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Triazole scaffolds, a series of 5-membered heterocycles, are well known for their high efficacy, low toxicity, and superior pharmacokinetics. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the first neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathological mechanisms. Triazole, as an aromatic group with three nitrogen atoms, forms polar and non-polar interactions with diverse key residues in the receptor-ligand binding procedure, and has been widely used in the molecular design in the development of anti-AD agents. Moreover, considering the simple synthesis approaches, triazole scaffolds are commonly used to link two pharmacodynamic groups in one chemical molecule, forming multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs). Furthermore, the click reaction between azide- and cyano-modified enzyme and ligand provides feasibility for the new modulator discovery, compound tissue distribution evaluation, enzyme localization, and pharmacological mechanism study, promoting the diagnosis of AD course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Shulei Qi
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinxin Liang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Shandong Junrong Technology Transfer Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lingfei Han
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
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15
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Dai DL, Li M, Lee EB. Human Alzheimer's disease reactive astrocytes exhibit a loss of homeostastic gene expression. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:127. [PMID: 37533101 PMCID: PMC10398957 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are one of the brain's major cell types and are responsible for maintaining neuronal homeostasis via regulating the extracellular environment, providing metabolic support, and modulating synaptic activity. In neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, astrocytes can take on a hypertrophic appearance. These reactive astrocytes are canonically associated with increases in cytoskeletal proteins, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. However, the molecular alterations that characterize astrocytes in human disease tissues have not been extensively studied with single cell resolution. Using single nucleus RNA sequencing data from normal, pathologic aging, and Alzheimer's disease brains, we identified the transcriptomic changes associated with reactive astrocytes. Deep learning-based clustering algorithms denoised expression data for 17,012 genes and clustered 15,529 astrocyte nuclei, identifying protoplasmic, gray matter and fibrous, white matter astrocyte clusters. RNA trajectory analyses revealed a spectrum of reactivity within protoplasmic astrocytes characterized by a modest increase of reactive genes and a marked decrease in homeostatic genes. Amyloid but not tau pathology correlated with astrocyte reactivity. To identify reactivity-associated genes, linear regressions of gene expression versus reactivity were used to identify the top 52 upregulated and 144 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that upregulated genes were associated with cellular growth, responses to metal ions, inflammation, and proteostasis. Downregulated genes were involved in cellular interactions, neuronal development, ERBB signaling, and synapse regulation. Transcription factors were significantly enriched among the downregulated genes. Using co-immunofluorescence staining of Alzheimer's disease brain tissues, we confirmed pathologic downregulation of ERBB4 and transcription factor NFIA in reactive astrocytes. Our findings reveal that protoplasmic, gray matter astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease exist within a spectrum of reactivity that is marked by a strong loss of normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Dai
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.
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16
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Janovszky P, Kéri A, Palásti DJ, Brunnbauer L, Domoki F, Limbeck A, Galbács G. Quantitative elemental mapping of biological tissues by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using matrix recognition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10089. [PMID: 37344545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the importance of converting signal intensity maps of organic tissues collected by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to elemental concentration maps and also proposes a methodology based on machine learning for its execution. The proposed methodology employs matrix-matched external calibration supported by a pixel-by-pixel automatic matrix (tissue type) recognition performed by linear discriminant analysis of the spatially resolved LIBS hyperspectral data set. On a swine (porcine) brain sample, we successfully performed this matrix recognition with an accuracy of 98% for the grey and white matter and we converted a LIBS intensity map of a tissue sample to a correct concentration map for the elements Na, K and Mg. Found concentrations in the grey and white matter agreed the element concentrations published in the literature and our reference measurements. Our results revealed that the actual concentration distribution in tissues can be quite different from what is suggested by the LIBS signal intensity map, therefore this conversion is always suggested to be performed if an accurate concentration distribution is to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Janovszky
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm square 7, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Albert Kéri
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm square 7, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Dávid J Palásti
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm square 7, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Lukas Brunnbauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ferenc Domoki
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm square 10, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gábor Galbács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm square 7, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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17
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Seira Curto J, Fernandez MR, Cladera J, Benseny-Cases N, Sanchez de Groot N. Aβ40 Aggregation under Changeable Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098408. [PMID: 37176115 PMCID: PMC10179685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis is crucial for cell function, and disturbances in homeostasis can lead to health disorders. Under normal conditions, intracellular pH is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45. Altered endosomal and lysosomal pH together with a general drop in brain pH are associated with the aggregation of amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) and the development of Alzheimer's disease. Under acidic conditions, close to the Aβ isoelectric point, the absence of charges favors the formation of intermolecular contacts and promotes aggregation. Here, we analyzed how pH levels affect the aggregation of Aβ40 considering the variations in brain pH and the coexistence of different aggregated conformations. Our results suggest that different macromolecular conformations can interact with each other and influence the aggregation process. In addition, we showed that neutral pH and physiological salt concentrations favor a slow aggregation, resulting in ordered, stable fibrils, with low cytotoxic effects. Overall, we highlight the complexity of the aggregation processes occurring in different physiological and pathological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Seira Curto
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rosario Fernandez
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Cladera
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Centre d'Estudis en Biofísica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Benseny-Cases
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Centre d'Estudis en Biofísica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Sanchez de Groot
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Huffels CFM, Middeldorp J, Hol EM. Aß Pathology and Neuron-Glia Interactions: A Synaptocentric View. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1026-1046. [PMID: 35976488 PMCID: PMC10030451 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes the majority of dementia cases worldwide. Early pathological hallmarks include the accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) and activation of both astrocytes and microglia. Neurons form the building blocks of the central nervous system, and astrocytes and microglia provide essential input for its healthy functioning. Their function integrates at the level of the synapse, which is therefore sometimes referred to as the "quad-partite synapse". Increasing evidence puts AD forward as a disease of the synapse, where pre- and postsynaptic processes, as well as astrocyte and microglia functioning progressively deteriorate. Here, we aim to review the current knowledge on how Aß accumulation functionally affects the individual components of the quad-partite synapse. We highlight a selection of processes that are essential to the healthy functioning of the neuronal synapse, including presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic receptor functioning. We further discuss how Aß affects the astrocyte's capacity to recycle neurotransmitters, release gliotransmitters, and maintain ion homeostasis. We additionally review literature on how Aß changes the immunoprotective function of microglia during AD progression and conclude by summarizing our main findings and highlighting the challenges in current studies, as well as the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan F M Huffels
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology & Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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19
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High frequency conductivity decomposition by solving physically constraint underdetermined inverse problem in human brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3273. [PMID: 36841894 PMCID: PMC9968322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The developed magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MREPT) can visualize the internal conductivity distribution at Larmor frequency by measuring the B1 transceive phase data from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The recovered high-frequency conductivity (HFC) value is highly complex and heterogeneous in a macroscopic imaging voxel. Using high and low b-value diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) data, the multi-compartment spherical mean technique (MC-SMT) characterizes the water molecule movement within and between intra- and extra-neurite compartments by analyzing the microstructures and underlying architectural organization of brain tissues. The proposed method decomposes the recovered HFC into the conductivity values in the intra- and extra-neurite compartments via the recovered intra-neurite volume fraction (IVF) and the diffusion patterns using DWI data. As a form of decomposition of intra- and extra-neurite compartments, the problem to determine the intra- and extra-neurite conductivity values from the HFC is still an underdetermined inverse problem. To solve the underdetermined problem, we use the compartmentalized IVF as a criterion to decompose the electrical properties because the ion-concentration and mobility have different characteristics in the intra- and extra-neurite compartments. The proposed method determines a representative apparent intra- and extra-neurite conductivity values by changing the underdetermined equation for a voxel into an over-determined minimization problem over a local window consisting of surrounding voxels. To suppress the noise amplification and estimate a feasible conductivity, we define a diffusion pattern distance to weight the over-determined system in the local window. To quantify the proposed method, we conducted a simulation experiment. The simulation experiments show the relationships between the noise reduction and the spatial resolution depending on the designed local window sizes and diffusion pattern distance. Human brain experiments (five young healthy volunteers and a patient with brain tumor) were conducted to evaluate and validate the reliability of the proposed method. To quantitatively compare the results with previously developed methods, we analyzed the errors for reconstructed extra-neurite conductivity using existing methods and indirectly verified the feasibility of the proposed method.
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20
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Multivariate effects of pH, salt, and Zn 2+ ions on Aβ 40 fibrillation. Commun Chem 2022; 5:171. [PMID: 36697708 PMCID: PMC9814776 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation plays a central role in the progress of Alzheimer's disease (AD), of which Aβ-deposited extracellular amyloid plaques are a major hallmark. The brain micro-environmental variation in AD patients, like local acidification, increased ionic strength, or changed metal ion levels, cooperatively modulates the aggregation of the Aβ peptides. Here, we investigate the multivariate effects of varied pH, ionic strength and Zn2+ on Aβ40 fibrillation kinetics. Our results reveal that Aβ fibrillation kinetics are strongly affected by pH and ionic strength suggesting the importance of electrostatic interactions in regulating Aβ40 fibrillation. More interestingly, the presence of Zn2+ ions can further alter or even reserve the role of pH and ionic strength on the amyloid fibril kinetics, suggesting the importance of amino acids like Histidine that can interact with Zn2+ ions. Both pH and ionic strength regulate the secondary nucleation processes, however regardless of pH and Zn2+ ions, ionic strength can also modulate the morphology of Aβ40 aggregates. These multivariate effects in bulk solution provide insights into the correlation of pH-, ionic strength- or Zn2+ ions changes with amyloid deposits in AD brain and will deepen our understanding of the molecular pathology in the local brain microenvironment.
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21
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Haeger A, Boumezbeur F, Bottlaender M, Rabrait-Lerman C, Lagarde J, Mirzazade S, Krahe J, Hohenfeld C, Sarazin M, Schulz JB, Romanzetti S, Reetz K. 3T sodium MR imaging in Alzheimer's disease shows stage-dependent sodium increase influenced by age and local brain volume. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 36:103274. [PMID: 36451374 PMCID: PMC9723320 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Application of MRI in clinical routine mainly addresses structural alterations. However, pathological changes at a cellular level are expected to precede the occurrence of brain atrophy clusters and of clinical symptoms. In this context, 23Na-MRI examines sodium changes in the brain as a potential metabolic parameter. Recently, we have shown that 23Na-MRI at ultra-high-field (7 T) was able to detect increased tissue sodium concentration (TSC) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this work, we aimed at assessing AD-pathology with 23Na-MRI in a larger cohort and on a clinical 3T MR scanner. METHODS We used a multimodal MRI protocol on 52 prodromal to mild AD patients and 34 cognitively healthy control subjects on a clinical 3T MR scanner. We examined the TSC, brain volume, and cortical thickness in association with clinical parameters. We further compared TSC with intra-individual normalized TSC for the reduction of inter-individual TSC variability resulting from physiological as well as experimental conditions. Normalized TSC maps were created by normalizing each voxel to the mean TSC inside the brain stem. RESULTS We found increased normalized TSC in the AD cohort compared to elderly control subjects both on global as well as on a region-of-interest-based level. We further confirmed a significant association of local brain volume as well as age with TSC. TSC increase in the left temporal lobe was further associated with the cognitive state, evaluated via the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) screening test. An increase of normalized TSC depending on disease stage reflected by the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) was found in our AD patients in temporal lobe regions. In comparison to classical brain volume and cortical thickness assessments, normalized TSC had a higher discriminative power between controls and prodromal AD patients in several regions of the temporal lobe. DISCUSSION We confirm the feasibility of 23Na-MRI at 3T and report an increase of TSC in AD in several regions of the brain, particularly in brain regions of the temporal lobe. Furthermore, to reduce inter-subject variability caused by physiological factors such as circadian rhythms and experimental conditions, we introduced normalized TSC maps. This showed a higher discriminative potential between different clinical groups in comparison to the classical TSC analysis. In conclusion, 23Na-MRI represents a potential translational imaging marker applicable e.g.for diagnostics and the assessment of intervention outcomes in AD even under clinically available field strengths such as 3T. Implication of 23Na-MRI in association with other metabolic imaging marker needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Haeger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fawzi Boumezbeur
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS UMR9027, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS UMR9027, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France,Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | | | - Julien Lagarde
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France,Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France,Université Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Shahram Mirzazade
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Janna Krahe
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Hohenfeld
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France,Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France,Université Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Jörg B. Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandro Romanzetti
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Vakili O, Asili P, Babaei Z, Mirahmad M, Keshavarzmotamed A, Asemi Z, Mafi A. Circular RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: A New Perspective of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-125997. [PMID: 36043720 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220829164211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as covalently closed single-stranded noncoding RNA molecules, have been recently identified to involve in several biological processes, principally through targeting microRNAs. Among various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), accumulating evidence has proposed key roles for circRNAs in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); although the exact relationship between these RNA molecules and AD progression is not clear, they have been believed to mostly act as miRNA sponges or gene transcription modulators through correlating with multiple proteins, involved in the accumulation of Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, as well as tau protein, as AD's pathological hallmark. More interestingly, circRNAs have also been reported to play diagnostic and therapeutic roles during AD progression. OBJECTIVE Literature review indicated that circRNAs could essentially contribute to the onset and development of AD. Thus, in the current review, the circRNAs' biogenesis and functions are addressed at first, and then the interplay between particular circRNAs and AD is comprehensively discussed. Eventually, the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of these noncoding RNAs is highlighted in brief. RESULTS A large number of circRNAs are expressed in the brain. Thereby, these RNA molecules are noticed as potential regulators of neural functions in healthy circumstances, as well as neurological disorders. Moreover, circRNAs have also been reported to have potential diagnostic and therapeutic capacities in relation to AD, the most prevalent ND. CONCLUSION CircRNAs have been shown to act as sponges for miRNAs, thereby regulating the function of related miRNAs, including oxidative stress, reduction of neuroinflammation, and the formation and metabolism of Aβ, all of which developed in AD. CircRNAs have also been proposed as biomarkers that have potential diagnostic capacities in AD. Despite these characteristics, the use of circRNAs as therapeutic targets and promising diagnostic biomarkers will require further investigation and characterization of the function of these RNA molecules in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pooria Asili
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirahmad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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23
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Arputhasamy C, Foulger AC, Lucanic M, Rane A, Schmidt M, Garrett T, Broussalian M, Battistoni E, Brem RB, Lithgow GJ, Chamoli M, Andersen JK. Potassium-chelating drug sodium polystyrene sulfonate enhances lysosomal function and suppresses proteotoxicity. GeroScience 2022; 45:1237-1245. [PMID: 36018536 PMCID: PMC9886731 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are crucial for degradation and recycling of damaged proteins and cellular components. Therapeutic strategies enhancing lysosomal function are a promising approach for aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show that an FDA approved drug sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), used to reduce high blood potassium in humans, enhances lysosomal function both in C. elegans and in human neuronal cells. Enhanced lysosomal function following SPS treatment is accompanied by the suppression of proteotoxicity caused by expression of the neurotoxic peptides Aβ and TAU. Additionally, treatment with SPS imparts health benefits as it significantly increases lifespan in C. elegans. Overall our work supports the potential use of SPS as a prospective geroprotective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrene Arputhasamy
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, CA USA
| | - Anna C. Foulger
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, CA USA
| | - Mark Lucanic
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, CA USA
| | - Anand Rane
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, CA USA
| | - Minna Schmidt
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853School of Gerontology, USC Leonard Davis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Theo Garrett
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, CA USA
| | - Michael Broussalian
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, CA USA ,grid.255148.f0000 0000 9826 3546Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA USA
| | - Elena Battistoni
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, CA USA ,grid.255148.f0000 0000 9826 3546Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA USA
| | - Rachel B. Brem
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Gordon J. Lithgow
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853School of Gerontology, USC Leonard Davis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - Julie K. Andersen
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853School of Gerontology, USC Leonard Davis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Philbert SA, Xu J, Church SJ, Unwin RD, Roncaroli F, Cooper GJS. Pan-cerebral sodium elevations in vascular dementia: Evidence for disturbed brain-sodium homeostasis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:926463. [PMID: 35923550 PMCID: PMC9340791 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.926463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of cognitive impairment amongst the elderly. However, there are no known disease-modifying therapies for VaD, probably due to incomplete understanding of the molecular basis of the disease. Despite the complex etiology of neurodegenerative conditions, a growing body of research now suggests the potential involvement of metal dyshomeostasis in the pathogenesis of several of the age-related dementias. However, by comparison, there remains little research investigating brain metal levels in VaD. In order to shed light on the possible involvement of metal dyshomeostasis in VaD, we employed inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to quantify the levels of essential metals in post-mortem VaD brain tissue (n = 10) and age-/sex-matched controls (n = 10) from seven brain regions. We found novel evidence for elevated wet-weight cerebral sodium levels in VaD brain tissue in six out of the seven regions analyzed. Decreased cerebral-potassium levels as well as increased Na/K ratios (consistent with high tissue sodium and low potassium levels) were also observed in several brain regions. These data suggest that reduced Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase (EC 7.2.2.13) activity could contribute to the contrasting changes in sodium and potassium measured here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha A. Philbert
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sasha A. Philbert,
| | - Jingshu Xu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J. Church
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Unwin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Garth J. S. Cooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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Chou YH, Sundman M, Ton That V, Green J, Trapani C. Cortical excitability and plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation studies. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101660. [PMID: 35680080 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique. When stimulation is applied over the primary motor cortex and coupled with electromyography measures, TMS can probe functions of cortical excitability and plasticity in vivo. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the utility of TMS-derived measures for differentiating patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitively normal older adults (CN). METHODS Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, APA PsycInfo, Medline, and CINAHL Plus from inception to July 2021. RESULTS Sixty-one studies with a total of 2728 participants (1454 patients with AD, 163 patients with MCI, and 1111 CN) were included. Patients with AD showed significantly higher cortical excitability, lower cortical inhibition, and impaired cortical plasticity compared to the CN cohorts. Patients with MCI exhibited increased cortical excitability and reduced plasticity compared to the CN cohort. Additionally, lower cognitive performance was significantly associated with higher cortical excitability and lower inhibition. No seizure events due to TMS were reported, and the mild adverse response rate is approximately 3/1000 (i.e., 9/2728). CONCLUSIONS Findings of our meta-analysis demonstrate the potential of using TMS-derived cortical excitability and plasticity measures as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Chou
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, Arizona Center on Aging, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
| | - Mark Sundman
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Viet Ton That
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Jacob Green
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Chrisopher Trapani
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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26
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Park S, Jung SM, Lee MB, Rhee HY, Ryu CW, Cho AR, Kwon OI, Jahng GH. Application of High-Frequency Conductivity Map Using MRI to Evaluate It in the Brain of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Front Neurol 2022; 13:872878. [PMID: 35651350 PMCID: PMC9150564 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.872878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The previous studies reported increased concentrations of metallic ions, imbalanced Na+ and K+ ions, and the increased mobility of protons by microstructural disruptions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Purpose (1) to apply a high-frequency conductivity (HFC) mapping technique using a clinical 3T MRI system, (2) compare HFC values in the brains of participants with AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively normal (CN) elderly people, (3) evaluate the relationship between HFC values and cognitive decline, and (4) explore usefulness of HFC values as an imaging biomarker to evaluate the differentiation of AD from CN. Materials and Methods This prospective study included 74 participants (23 AD patients, 27 amnestic MCI patients, and 24 CN elderly people) to explore the clinical application of HFC mapping in the brain from March 2019 to August 2021. We performed statistical analyses to compare HFC maps between the three participant groups, evaluate the association of HFC maps with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and to evaluate the differentiation between the participant groups for HFC values for some brain areas. Results We obtained a good HFC map non-invasively. The HFC value was higher in the AD group than in the CN and MCI groups. MMSE scores were negatively associated with HFC values. Age was positively associated with HFC values. The HFC value in the insula has a high area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) value to differentiate AD patients from the CN participants (Sensitivity [SE] = 82, Specificity [SP] =97, AUC = 0.902, p < 0.0001), better than gray matter volume (GMV) in hippocampus (SE = 79, SP = 83, AUC = 0.880, p < 0.0001). The classification for differentiating AD from CN was highest by adding the hippocampal GMV to the insular HFC value (SE = 87, SP = 87, AUC = 0.928, p < 0.0001). Conclusion High-frequency conductivity values were significantly increased in the AD group compared to the CN group and increased with age and disease severity. HFC values of the insula along with the GMV of the hippocampus can be used as an imaging biomarker to improve the differentiation of AD from CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonchan Park
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sue Min Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Undergraduate School, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Mun Bae Lee
- Department of Mathematics, College of Basic Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hak Young Rhee
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Ryu
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ah Rang Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oh In Kwon
- Department of Mathematics, College of Basic Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Olasehinde TA, AKomolafe SF, Oladapo IF, Oyeleye SI. Effect of diet supplemented with African Star Apple Fruit Pulp on purinergic, cholinergic and monoaminergic enzymes, TNF-α expression and redox imbalance in the brain of hypertensive rats. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 26:496-510. [PMID: 35470775 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2062925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether diet supplemented with African star apple fruit pulp (FP) can mitigate the effect of high blood pressure on brain neurochemicals, histopathology and expression of genes linked with neuroinflammation. METHODS Rats were administered with cyclosporine (25 mg/kg.bw) to induce hypertension and were fed with or without FP supplemented diet. Purinergic (Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases [NTPdase] and adenosine deaminase [ADA]) cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase [AChE]) and monoaminergic (monoamine oxidase-B) enzymes were assessed in treated and untreated hypertensive rats' brains. Oxidative stress biomarkers (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, thiols, reactive oxygen species [ROS] and malondialdehyde [MDA]), as well as AChE, tumour necrosis factor and receptor (TNF-α and TNF-α-R) expression, were also determined. RESULTS FP supplemented diet significantly reduced NTPdase and ADA activities and increased Na+/K+-ATPase activities in hypertensive rats' brains compared to the untreated group. Furthermore, FP reduced acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase-B activities compared to the hypertensive group. Redox imbalance was observed in hypertensive rats with inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and high levels of ROS and MDA. However, FP supplemented diet improved antioxidant enzymes, reduced ROS and MDA production in the brain of hypertensive rats. High blood pressure also triggered upregulation of AChE, TNF-α and TNF-α-R while feeding with FP supplemented diet downregulated the genes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the neuroprotective role of FP supplemented diet against alterations in neurochemicals associated with Alzheimer's disease, oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage and expression of genes linked with neuroinflammation. Moreover, studies on animal behaviour and human subjects are required to confirm these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin A Olasehinde
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare Alice South Africa, Alice, South Africa
| | - Seun F AKomolafe
- Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Iyabo F Oladapo
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Science and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Sunday I Oyeleye
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State.,Functional Food and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State
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Handa P, Samkaria A, Sharma S, Arora Y, Mandal PK. Comprehensive Account of Sodium Imaging and Spectroscopy for Brain Research. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:859-875. [PMID: 35324144 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium (23Na) is a vital component of neuronal cells and plays a key role in various signal transmission processes. Hence, information on sodium distribution in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides useful information on neuronal health. 23Na MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS) improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical monitoring of neurological diseases but confront some inherent limitations that lead to low signal-to-noise ratio, longer scan time, and diminished partial volume effects. Recent advancements in multinuclear MR technology have helped in further exploration in this domain. We aim to provide a comprehensive description of 23Na MRI and MRS for brain research including the following aspects: (a) theoretical background for understanding 23Na MRI and MRS fundamentals; (b) technological advancements of 23Na MRI with respect to pulse sequences, RF coils, and sodium compartmentalization; (c) applications of 23Na MRI in the early diagnosis and prognosis of various neurological disorders; (d) structural-chronological evolution of sodium spectroscopy in terms of its numerous applications in human studies; (e) the data-processing tools utilized in the quantitation of sodium in the respective anatomical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Handa
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Avantika Samkaria
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Shallu Sharma
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Yashika Arora
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Pravat K. Mandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon 122051, India
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne School of Medicine Campus, Melbourne 3010, Australia
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29
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Arya JK, Kumar R, Tripathi SS, Rizvi SI. Hormetic effect of 3-Bromopyruvate on age-induced alterations in erythrocyte membrane transporters and oxidative biomarkers in rats. Rejuvenation Res 2022; 25:122-128. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2021.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Arya
- University of Allahabad, Department of Biochemistry, allahabad, ALLAHABAD, UTTAR PRADESH, India, 211002
| | - Raushan Kumar
- University of Allahabad, Department of Biochemistry, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shambhoo Sharan Tripathi
- University of Allahabad, Department of Biochemistry, Fauclty of Science, UNIVERSITY OF ALLAHABAD, PRYAGRAJ, Uttar Pradesh, India, 211002
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- University of Allahabad, Department of Biochemistry, faculty of Science, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, 211002
- India
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30
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Gräfenstein A, Rumancev C, Pollak R, Hämisch B, Galbierz V, Schroeder WH, Garrevoet J, Falkenberg G, Vöpel T, Huber K, Ebbinghaus S, Rosenhahn A. Spatial Distribution of Intracellular Ion Concentrations in Aggregate-Forming HeLa Cells Analyzed by μ-XRF Imaging. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200024. [PMID: 35363437 PMCID: PMC8973254 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a hallmark of several severe neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, or Alzheimer's disease. Metal ions play a profound role in protein aggregation and altered metal-ion homeostasis is associated with disease progression. Here we utilize μ-X-ray fluorescence imaging in combination with rapid freezing to resolve the elemental distribution of phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, and zinc in huntingtin exon-1-mYFP expressing HeLa cells. Using quantitative XRF analysis, we find a threefold increase in zinc and a 10-fold enrichment of potassium that can be attributed to cellular stress response. While the averaged intracellular ion areal masses are significantly different in aggregate-containing cells, a local intracellular analysis shows no different ion content at the location of intracellular inclusion bodies. The results are compared to corresponding experiments on HeLa cells forming pseudoisocyanine chloride aggregates. As those show similar results, changes in ion concentrations are not exclusively linked to huntingtin exon-1 amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gräfenstein
- Analytical Chemistry – BiointerfacesRuhr University Bochum44801BochumGermany
| | - Christoph Rumancev
- Analytical Chemistry – BiointerfacesRuhr University Bochum44801BochumGermany
| | - Roland Pollak
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryTU BraunschweigRebenring 5638106BraunschweigGermany
| | | | - Vanessa Galbierz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestrasse 85HamburgGermany
| | - Walter H. Schroeder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestrasse 85HamburgGermany
- Nanotech ConsultingLiblarer Strasse 850321BrühlGermany
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestrasse 85HamburgGermany
| | | | - Tobias Vöpel
- Physical Chemistry IIRuhr University Bochum44801BochumGermany
| | - Klaus Huber
- Physical ChemistryUniversity of Paderborn33098PaderbornGermany
| | - Simon Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryTU BraunschweigRebenring 5638106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry – BiointerfacesRuhr University Bochum44801BochumGermany
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Oyeleke MB, Oni HT, Arokoyo OL, Owoyele BV. Therapeutic effects of crude extracts of Bacopa floribunda on beta-amyloid 1-42-induced Alzheimer's disease via suppression of dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in male Wistar Rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09255. [PMID: 35464703 PMCID: PMC9026591 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Bacopa floribunda (BF), an African traditional plant and its species have been widely used as brain tonic for memory enhancement. It has also been reported to help relieve anxiety and some psychological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of BF on Amyloid beta (Aβ) 1-42 peptides induced cognitive deficit in male Wistar rats. Main methods A total of 48 healthy male wistar rats were used for this study. Some groups were pre-treated with 200 mg/kg of BF extracts before a single bilateral injection of Aβ 1-42 while some were post-treated with BF for 21 days after Aβ1-42 exposure. Cognitive performance was evaluated using Y-Maze and Novel Object recognition tests. After treatments, hippocampal homogenates were assayed for the levels of Acetylcholinesterase, Na-K/ATPase activities, glutamate and Aβ1-42 concentrations among others. Key findings It was observed that Aβ1-42 caused cognitive impairment and BF extracts especially the ethanol extract was able to significantly (p < 0.05) reverse almost all the perturbations including lipid imbalance caused by Aβ1-42 assault mainly at the post-treatment level. Significance Administration of ethanol and aqueous extracts of BF mitigated the hazardous effect of Aβ1-42 observed in the blood plasma and hippocampal homogenates. In this context, we conclude that BF is an efficient cognitive enhancer that can help alleviate some symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosunmola Busayo Oyeleke
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B, 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Heritage Tolulope Oni
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatamilore Lois Arokoyo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Victor Owoyele
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B, 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Tripathi SS, Kumar R, Bissoyi A, Rizvi SI. Baicalein may act as a caloric restriction mimetic candidate to improve the anti-oxidant profile in a natural rodent model of aging. Rejuvenation Res 2022; 25:70-78. [PMID: 35316094 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2021.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caloric restriction (CR) is the most effective intervention for extending the life span of vertebrate and invertebrate aging models.. CRMs, which are synthetic or natural chemicals that mimic the biochemical, hormonal, and physiological consequences of calorie restriction, are being researched for anti-aging benefits. Baicalein is a plant-derived polyphenol that has the potential of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy inducer. The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant role of Baicalein in erythrocyte membrane and plasma, and evaluate the efficacy of Baicalein to act as a CRM candidate. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study evaluates the effect of Baicalein on aging biomarkers in normal and aged rats. We study various pro- and anti-oxidant markers, erythrocyte membrane transporters, and eryptosis. RESULTS Baicalein supplementation in male Wistar rats significantly alleviated pro-oxidant markers and improved anti-oxidant profile. Improvement was also observed in age-induced alterations in membrane transporters, and eryptosis. CONCLUSION Based on the above observations we conclude that Baicalein has the potential to maintain extracellular ROS levels and redox homeostasis during the aging process, an effect which is similar to CR. Thus Baicalein may be a potent CRM candidate for anti-aging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhoo Sharan Tripathi
- University of Allahabad, Department of Biochemistry, Fauclty of Science, UNIVERSITY OF ALLAHABAD, PRYAGRAJ, Uttar Pradesh, India, 211002;
| | - Raushan Kumar
- University of Allahabad, Department of Biochemistry, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- 2Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot-7610001, , Rehovot, Israel;
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- University of Allahabad, Department of Biochemistry, faculty of Science, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, 211002.,India;
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Huffels CFM, Osborn LM, Hulshof LA, Kooijman L, Henning L, Steinhäuser C, Hol EM. Amyloid-β plaques affect astrocyte Kir4.1 protein expression but not function in the dentate gyrus of APP/PS1 mice. Glia 2022; 70:748-767. [PMID: 34981861 PMCID: PMC9306581 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer pathology is accompanied by astrogliosis. Reactive astrocytes surrounding amyloid plaques may directly affect neuronal communication, and one of the mechanisms by which astrocytes impact neuronal function is by affecting K+ homeostasis. Here we studied, using hippocampal slices from 9‐month‐old Alzheimer mice (APP/PS1) and wild‐type littermates, whether astrocyte function is changed by analyzing Kir4.1 expression and function and astrocyte coupling in astrocytes surrounding amyloid‐β plaques. Immunohistochemical analysis of Kir4.1 protein in the dentate gyrus revealed localized increases in astrocytes surrounding amyloid‐β plaque deposits. We subsequently focused on changes in astrocyte function by using patch‐clamp slice electrophysiology on both plaque‐ and non‐plaque associated astrocytes to characterize general membrane properties. We found that Ba2+‐sensitive Kir4.1 conductance in astrocytes surrounding plaques was not affected by changes in Kir4.1 protein expression. Additional analysis of astrocyte gap junction coupling efficiency in the dentate gyrus revealed no apparent changes. Quantification of basic features of glutamatergic transmission to granule cells did not indicate disturbed neuronal communication in the dentate gyrus of APP/PS1 mice. Together, these results suggest that astrocytes in the dentate gyrus of APP/PS1 mice maintain their ability to buffer extracellular K+ and attempt to rectify imbalances in K+ concentration to maintain normal neuronal and synaptic function, possibly by localized increases in Kir4.1 protein expression. Our earlier transcriptomic data indicated that chronically activated astrocytes lose their neuronal support function. Here we show that, despite localized increased Kir4.1 protein expression, astrocyte Kir4.1 channel dysfunction is likely not involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan F. M. Huffels
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lana M. Osborn
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lianne A. Hulshof
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lieneke Kooijman
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lukas Henning
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | | | - Elly M. Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Haeger A, Bottlaender M, Lagarde J, Porciuncula Baptista R, Rabrait-Lerman C, Luecken V, Schulz JB, Vignaud A, Sarazin M, Reetz K, Romanzetti S, Boumezbeur F. What can 7T sodium MRI tell us about cellular energy depletion and neurotransmission in Alzheimer's disease? Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1843-1854. [PMID: 34855281 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological processes underlying the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on the neuronal level are still unclear. Previous research has hinted at metabolic energy deficits and altered sodium homeostasis with impaired neuronal function as a potential metabolic marker relevant for neurotransmission in AD. Using sodium (23 Na) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on an ultra-high-field 7 Tesla MR scanner, we found increased cerebral tissue sodium concentration (TSC) in 17 biomarker-defined AD patients compared to 22 age-matched control subjects in vivo. TSC was highly discriminative between controls and early AD stages and was predictive for cognitive state, and associated with regional tau load assessed with flortaucipir-positron emission tomography as a possible mediator of TSC-associated neurodegeneration. TSC could therefore serve as a non-invasive, stage-dependent, metabolic imaging marker. Setting a focus on cellular metabolism and potentially disturbed interneuronal communication due to energy-dependent altered cell homeostasis could hamper progressive cognitive decline by targeting these processes in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Haeger
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Lagarde
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France.,Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Volker Luecken
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexandre Vignaud
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France.,Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandro Romanzetti
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fawzi Boumezbeur
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Babić Leko M, Jurasović J, Nikolac Perković M, Španić E, Sekovanić A, Orct T, Lukinović Škudar V, Bačić Baronica K, Kiđemet-Piskač S, Vogrinc Ž, Pivac N, Borovečki F, Hof PR, Šimić G. The Association of Essential Metals with APOE Genotype in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:661-672. [PMID: 34057084 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major confirmed genetic risk factor for late-onset, sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is variant ɛ4 of apolipoprotein E gene (APOE). It is proposed that ApoE, a protein involved in transport of cholesterol to neurons can cause neurodegeneration in AD through interaction with metals. Previous studies mostly associated copper, iron, zinc, and calcium with ApoE4-mediated toxicity. OBJECTIVE To test the association of essential metals with APOE genotype. METHODS We compared plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of copper, zinc, iron, sodium, magnesium, calcium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, boron, and chromium, and CSF ferritin levels among AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and healthy controls (HC) with different APOE genotype. RESULTS Sodium, copper, and magnesium levels were increased in carriers of ɛ4 allele. Additionally, the increase in sodium, calcium and cobalt plasma levels was observed in carriers of ɛ4/ɛx genotype. The decrease in boron plasma levels was observed in carriers of ɛ4 allele and ɛ4/ɛ4 genotype. Additionally, CSF zinc levels as well as plasma sodium levels were increased in AD patients compared to HC. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the molecular underpinnings of association of essential metals and metalloids with APOE should be further tested and clarified in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ankica Sekovanić
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Lukinović Škudar
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Koraljka Bačić Baronica
- University Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia and Neurology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Željka Vogrinc
- Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Abidi SMS, Dar AI, Acharya A. Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticle-Conjugated Cellulose Nanoonions Alleviate Aβ42 Fibrillation-Induced Toxicity via Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Ion Homeostasis. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2419-2435. [PMID: 33945268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and Aβ42 fibrillation have been established as the main models for the treatment of systemic lysozyme amyloidosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively. Several antiamyloidogenic nanomaterials have been developed over the period; however, their intracellular mechanism of action is still not well understood. In this context, plant-based, gold-conjugated, injectable, hydrophilic cellulose nanoonions (CNOs), viz., DH-CNO (∼60 ± 5 nm) and LC-CNO (∼55 ± 12 nm), were developed from their respective hydrophobic cellulose nanocrystals (DH-CNC and LC-CNC) using a single-step chemical template-mediated process. This unique nanocellulose architecture was chemically and morphologically characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Further, the different biophysical studies documented marked the inhibition/disintegration potential of gold-conjugated LC-CNO against HEWL and Aβ42 peptide aggregation. It was further observed that inhibition of protein fibrillation could be achieved within ∼10 min when the same materials were used under photoirradiation conditions. In vitro protein aggregation studies using HEK293 cells suggested that gold-conjugated LC-CNO could effectively reduce the cellular toxicity via regulation of oxidative stress and ion homeostasis. The outcome of the present study will help in designing cellulose-based novel functional nanochaperones against various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M S Abidi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh201002, India
| | - Aqib Iqbal Dar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh201002, India
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh201002, India
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Li LL, Ke XY, Jiang C, Qin SQ, Liu YY, Xian XH, Liu LZ, He JC, Chen YM, An HF, Sun N, Hu YH, Wang Y, Zhang LN, Lu QY. Na + , K + -ATPase participates in the protective mechanism of rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through the interaction with glutamate transporter-1. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:870-881. [PMID: 33481320 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is an important cause of neurological damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) involved in l ow concentration of ouabain (Oua, activating NKA)-induced protection of rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and neurological deficit scores (NDS) were performed to evaluate rat cerebral injury degree respectively at 2 h, 6 h, 1 d and 3 d after reperfusion of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) 2 h in rats. NKA α1/α2 subunits and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) protein expression were investigated by Western blotting. The cerebral infarct volume ratio were evidently decreased in Oua group vs MCAO/R group at 1 d and 3 d after reperfusion of 2 h MCAO in rats (*p < 0.05 ). Moreover, NDS were not significantly different (p > 0.05 ). NKA α1 was decreased at 6 h and 1 d after reperfusion of 2 h MCAO in rats, and was improved in Oua group. However, NKA α1 and α2 were increased at 3 d after reperfusion of 2 h MCAO in rats, and was decreased in Oua group. GLT-1 was decreased at 6 h, 1 d and 3 d after reperfusion of 2 h MCAO in rats, and was improved in Oua group. These data indicated that l ow concentration of Oua could improve MCAO/R injury through probably changing NKA α1/α2 and GLT-1 protein expression, then increasing GLT-1 function and promoting Glu transport and absorption, which could be useful to determine potential therapeutic strategies for patients with stroke. Low concentration of Oua improved rat MCAO/R injury via NKA α1/α2 and GLT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Li
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Xue-Ying Ke
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Forensic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Shi-Qi Qin
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Yang-Yang Liu
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Zhe Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Jin-Chen He
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Ya-Meng Chen
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Hong-Fei An
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Yue-Hua Hu
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Qi-Yong Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hengshui Fifth People's Hospital, Hebei, China
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Mahan B, Antonelli MA, Burckel P, Turner S, Chung R, Habekost M, Jørgensen AL, Moynier F. Longitudinal biometal accumulation and Ca isotope composition of the Göttingen minipig brain. Metallomics 2020; 12:1585-1598. [PMID: 33084720 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biometals play a critical role in both the healthy and diseased brain's functioning. They accumulate in the normal aging brain, and are inherent to neurodegenerative disorders and their associated pathologies. A prominent example of this is the brain accumulation of metals such as Ca, Fe and Cu (and more ambiguously, Zn) associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The natural stable isotope compositions of such metals have also shown utility in constraining biological mechanisms, and in differentiating between healthy and diseased states, sometimes prior to conventional methods. Here we have detailed the distribution of the biologically relevant elements Mg, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn in brain regions of Göttingen minipigs ranging in age from three months to nearly six years, including control animals and both a single- and double-transgenic model of AD (PS1, APP/PS1). Moreover, we have characterized the Ca isotope composition of the brain for the first time. Concentration data track rises in brain biometals with age, namely for Fe and Cu, as observed in the normal ageing brain and in AD, and biometal data point to increased soluble amyloid beta (Aβ) load prior to AD plaque identification via brain imaging. Calcium isotope results define the brain as the isotopically lightest permanent reservoir in the body, indicating that brain Ca dyshomeostasis may induce measurable isotopic disturbances in accessible downstream reservoirs such as biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Mahan
- Earth and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia. and Thermo Fisher Isotope Development Hub, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Michael A Antonelli
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, 75238 Paris, France and Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Burckel
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, 75238 Paris, France
| | - Simon Turner
- Thermo Fisher Isotope Development Hub, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Roger Chung
- Thermo Fisher Isotope Development Hub, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Mette Habekost
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Frédéric Moynier
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, 75238 Paris, France
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Jahng GH, Lee MB, Kim HJ, Je Woo E, Kwon OI. Low-frequency dominant electrical conductivity imaging of in vivo human brain using high-frequency conductivity at Larmor-frequency and spherical mean diffusivity without external injection current. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117466. [PMID: 33075557 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion weighted imaging based on random Brownian motion of water molecules within a voxel provides information on the micro-structure of biological tissues through water molecule diffusivity. As the electrical conductivity is primarily determined by the concentration and mobility of ionic charge carriers, the macroscopic electrical conductivity of biological tissues is also related to the diffusion of electrical ions. This paper aims to investigate the low-frequency electrical conductivity by relying on a pre-defined biological model that separates the brain into the intracellular (restricted) and extracellular (hindered) compartments. The proposed method uses B1 mapping technique, which provides a high-frequency conductivity distribution at Larmor frequency, and the spherical mean technique, which directly estimates the microscopic tissue structure based on the water molecule diffusivity and neurite orientation distribution. The total extracellular ion concentration, which is separated from the high-frequency conductivity, is recovered using the estimated diffusivity parameters and volume fraction in each compartment. We propose a method to reconstruct the low-frequency dominant conductivity tensor by taking into consideration the extracted extracellular diffusion tensor map and the reconstructed electrical parameters. To demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method, we conducted two phantom experiments. The first one used a cylindrical acrylic cage filled with an agar in the background region and four anomalies for the effect of ion concentration on the electrical conductivity. The other experiment, in which the effect of ion mobility on the conductivity was verified, used cell-like materials with thin insulating membranes suspended in an electrolyte. Animal and human brain experiments were conducted to visualize the low-frequency dominant conductivity tensor images. The proposed method using a conventional MRI scanner can predict the internal current density map in the brain without directly injected external currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Bae Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Je Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-In Kwon
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Moons R, Konijnenberg A, Mensch C, Van Elzen R, Johannessen C, Maudsley S, Lambeir AM, Sobott F. Metal ions shape α-synuclein. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16293. [PMID: 33004902 PMCID: PMC7529799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein that can self-aggregate and plays a major role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Elevated levels of certain metal ions are found in protein aggregates in neurons of people suffering from PD, and environmental exposure has also been linked with neurodegeneration. Importantly, cellular interactions with metal ions, particularly Ca2+, have recently been reported as key for α-synuclein's physiological function at the pre-synapse. Here we study effects of metal ion interaction with α-synuclein at the molecular level, observing changes in the conformational behaviour of monomers, with a possible link to aggregation pathways and toxicity. Using native nano-electrospray ionisation ion mobility-mass spectrometry (nESI-IM-MS), we characterize the heterogeneous interactions of alkali, alkaline earth, transition and other metal ions and their global structural effects on α-synuclein. Different binding stoichiometries found upon titration with metal ions correlate with their specific binding affinity and capacity. Subtle conformational effects seen for singly charged metals differ profoundly from binding of multiply charged ions, often leading to overall compaction of the protein depending on the preferred binding sites. This study illustrates specific effects of metal coordination, and the associated electrostatic charge patterns, on the complex structural space of the intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Moons
- Biomolecular and Analytical Mass Spectrometry Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Receptor Biology Laboratory, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Albert Konijnenberg
- Biomolecular and Analytical Mass Spectrometry Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carl Mensch
- Molecular Spectroscopy Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Flemish Supercomputer Centre, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roos Van Elzen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Frank Sobott
- Biomolecular and Analytical Mass Spectrometry Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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42
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Petrushanko IY, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA. Molecular Mechanisms of the Redox Regulation of the Na,K-ATPase. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920050139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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43
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Felix L, Delekate A, Petzold GC, Rose CR. Sodium Fluctuations in Astroglia and Their Potential Impact on Astrocyte Function. Front Physiol 2020; 11:871. [PMID: 32903427 PMCID: PMC7435049 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the main cell type responsible for the regulation of brain homeostasis, including the maintenance of ion gradients and neurotransmitter clearance. These processes are tightly coupled to changes in the intracellular sodium (Na+) concentration. While activation of the sodium-potassium-ATPase (NKA) in response to an elevation of extracellular K+ may decrease intracellular Na+, the cotransport of transmitters, such as glutamate, together with Na+ results in an increase in astrocytic Na+. This increase in intracellular Na+ can modulate, for instance, metabolic downstream pathways. Thereby, astrocytes are capable to react on a fast time scale to surrounding neuronal activity via intracellular Na+ fluctuations and adjust energy production to the demand of their environment. Beside the well-documented conventional roles of Na+ signaling mainly mediated through changes in its electrochemical gradient, several recent studies have identified more atypical roles for Na+, including protein interactions leading to changes in their biochemical activity or Na+-dependent regulation of gene expression. In this review, we will address both the conventional as well as the atypical functions of astrocytic Na+ signaling, presenting the role of transporters and channels involved and their implications for physiological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). We will also discuss how these important functions are affected under pathological conditions, including stroke and migraine. We postulate that Na+ is an essential player not only in the maintenance of homeostatic processes but also as a messenger for the fast communication between neurons and astrocytes, adjusting the functional properties of various cellular interaction partners to the needs of the surrounding network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Felix
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Delekate
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabor C Petzold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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44
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Scholefield M, Church SJ, Xu J, Kassab S, Gardiner NJ, Roncaroli F, Hooper NM, Unwin RD, Cooper GJS. Evidence that levels of nine essential metals in post-mortem human-Alzheimer's-brain and ex vivo rat-brain tissues are unaffected by differences in post-mortem delay, age, disease staging, and brain bank location. Metallomics 2020; 12:952-962. [PMID: 32373908 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) using post mortem brain tissues have uncovered several perturbations in metals such as copper, iron, and zinc. However, studies of the effects of key, potentially confounding variables on these tissues are currently lacking. Moreover, human-brain tissues have limited availability, further enhancing the difficulty of matching potentially-significant variables including age, sex-matching, post-mortem delay (PMD), and neuropathological stage. This study aimed to investigate the effects of such factors and how they might influence metal concentrations in post-mortem brains. Cingulate gyrus from AD cases and matched controls was obtained from two brain banks, based in Auckland, New Zealand and Manchester, UK. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to measure levels of nine essential metals in brain tissues, and compared concentrations between cases and controls, and between cohorts, to analyse effects of age, sex, Braak stage, brain weight, and PMD. The same methods were used to investigate the effects of PMD under more controlled conditions using ex vivo healthy adult rat-brain tissue. Metal concentrations in human brain were found to be unmodified by differences in age, sex-matching, Braak stage, brain weight, and PMD between cohorts. Some metals were, however, found to vary significantly across different regions in rat brains. These results indicate that investigations of metal homeostasis in AD and other neurodegenerative conditions can be reliably performed using brain tissues without confounding by varying PMD, age, sex-matching, brain weight, and Braak stage. However, regions of study should be selected carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Scholefield
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Jingshu Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Kassab
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Natalie J Gardiner
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology & Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M19 9NT, UK
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M19 9NT, UK
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M19 9NT, UK. and Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre & Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Citylabs 1.0 (Third Floor), Nelson Street, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M19 9NT, UK. and School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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45
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Pao PC, Patnaik D, Watson LA, Gao F, Pan L, Wang J, Adaikkan C, Penney J, Cam HP, Huang WC, Pantano L, Lee A, Nott A, Phan TX, Gjoneska E, Elmsaouri S, Haggarty SJ, Tsai LH. HDAC1 modulates OGG1-initiated oxidative DNA damage repair in the aging brain and Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2484. [PMID: 32424276 PMCID: PMC7235043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage contributes to brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the factors stimulating DNA repair to stave off functional decline remain obscure. We show that HDAC1 modulates OGG1-initated 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) repair in the brain. HDAC1-deficient mice display age-associated DNA damage accumulation and cognitive impairment. HDAC1 stimulates OGG1, a DNA glycosylase known to remove 8-oxoG lesions that are associated with transcriptional repression. HDAC1 deficiency causes impaired OGG1 activity, 8-oxoG accumulation at the promoters of genes critical for brain function, and transcriptional repression. Moreover, we observe elevated 8-oxoG along with reduced HDAC1 activity and downregulation of a similar gene set in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Notably, pharmacological activation of HDAC1 alleviates the deleterious effects of 8-oxoG in aged wild-type and 5XFAD mice. Our work uncovers important roles for HDAC1 in 8-oxoG repair and highlights the therapeutic potential of HDAC1 activation to counter functional decline in brain aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chieh Pao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Debasis Patnaik
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - L Ashley Watson
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Caltech Bioinformatics Resource Center at Beckman Institute of Caltech, Pasadena, CA, 91225, USA
| | - Ling Pan
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chinnakkaruppan Adaikkan
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jay Penney
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hugh P Cam
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wen-Chin Huang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lorena Pantano
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Audrey Lee
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alexi Nott
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Trongha X Phan
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeta Gjoneska
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sara Elmsaouri
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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46
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Akyuz E, Villa C, Beker M, Elibol B. Unraveling the Role of Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels in the Hippocampus of an Aβ (1-42)-Infused Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8030058. [PMID: 32183098 PMCID: PMC7148495 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a complex etiology and characterized by cognitive deficits and memory loss. The pathogenesis of AD is not yet completely elucidated, and no curative treatment is currently available. Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels are important for playing a key role in maintaining the resting membrane potential and controlling cell excitability, being largely expressed in both excitable and non-excitable tissues, including neurons. Accordingly, the aim of the study is to investigate the role of neuronal Kir channels in AD pathophysiology. The mRNA and protein levels of neuronal Kir2.1, Kir3.1, and Kir6.2 were evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis from the hippocampus of an amyloid-β(Aβ)(1-42)-infused rat model of AD. Extracellular deposition of Aβ was confirmed by both histological Congo red staining and immunofluorescence analysis. Significant decreased mRNA and protein levels of Kir2.1 and Kir6.2 channels were observed in the rat model of AD, whereas no differences were found in Kir3.1 channel levels as compared with controls. Our results provide in vivo evidence that Aβ can modulate the expression of these channels, which may represent novel potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Akyuz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Merve Beker
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; (M.B.); (B.E.)
| | - Birsen Elibol
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; (M.B.); (B.E.)
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47
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Pannaccione A, Piccialli I, Secondo A, Ciccone R, Molinaro P, Boscia F, Annunziato L. The Na +/Ca 2+exchanger in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102190. [PMID: 32199208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a pivotal player in regulating sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and signalling in excitable cells, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is involved in many neurodegenerative disorders in which an imbalance of intracellular Ca2+ and/or Na+ concentrations occurs, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although NCX has been mainly implicated in neuroprotective mechanisms counteracting Ca2+ dysregulation, several studies highlighted its role in the neuronal responses to intracellular Na+ elevation occurring in several pathophysiological conditions. Since the alteration of Na+ and Ca2+ homeostasis significantly contributes to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss in AD, it is of crucial importance to analyze the contribution of NCX isoforms in the homeostatic responses at neuronal and synaptic levels. Some studies found that an increase of NCX activity in brains of AD patients was correlated with neuronal survival, while other research groups found that protein levels of two NCX subtypes, NCX2 and NCX3, were modulated in parietal cortex of late stage AD brains. In particular, NCX2 positive synaptic terminals were increased in AD cohort while the number of NCX3 positive terminals were reduced. In addition, NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3 isoforms were up-regulated in those synaptic terminals accumulating amyloid-beta (Aβ), the neurotoxic peptide responsible for AD neurodegeneration. More recently, the hyperfunction of a specific NCX subtype, NCX3, has been shown to delay endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptotic neuronal death in hippocampal neurons exposed to Aβ insult. Despite some issues about the functional role of NCX in synaptic failure and neuronal loss require further studies, these findings highlight the putative neuroprotective role of NCX in AD and open new strategies to develop new druggable targets for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pannaccione
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Piccialli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roselia Ciccone
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Molinaro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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48
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Vandebroek A, Yasui M. Regulation of AQP4 in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1603. [PMID: 32111087 PMCID: PMC7084855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the main water channel protein expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). AQP4 is densely expressed in astrocyte end-feet, and is an important factor in CNS water and potassium homeostasis. Changes in AQP4 activity and expression have been implicated in several CNS disorders, including (but not limited to) epilepsy, edema, stroke, and glioblastoma. For this reason, many studies have been done to understand the various ways in which AQP4 is regulated endogenously, and could be regulated pharmaceutically. In particular, four regulatory methods have been thoroughly studied; regulation of gene expression via microRNAs, regulation of AQP4 channel gating/trafficking via phosphorylation, regulation of water permeability using heavy metal ions, and regulation of water permeability using small molecule inhibitors. A major challenge when studying AQP4 regulation is inter-method variability. A compound or phosphorylation which shows an inhibitory effect in vitro may show no effect in a different in vitro method, or even show an increase in AQP4 expression in vivo. Although a large amount of variability exists between in vitro methods, some microRNAs, heavy metal ions, and two small molecule inhibitors, acetazolamide and TGN-020, have shown promise in the field of AQP4 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Vandebroek
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
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49
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Vicente MC, Humphrey CM, Gargaglioni LH, Ostrowski TD. Decreased excitability of locus coeruleus neurons during hypercapnia is exaggerated in the streptozotocin-model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113250. [PMID: 32088169 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a pontine nucleus important for respiratory control and central chemoreception. It is affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and alteration of LC cell function may account for respiratory problems observed in AD patients. In the current study, we tested the electrophysiological properties and CO2/pH sensitivity of LC neurons in a model for AD. Sporadic AD was induced in rats by intracerebroventricular injection of 2 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), which induces behavioral and molecular impairments found in AD. LC neurons were recorded using the patch clamp technique and tested for responses to CO2 (10% CO2, pH = 7.0). The majority (~60%) of noradrenergic LC neurons in adult rats were inhibited by CO2 exposure as indicated by a significant decrease in action potential (AP) discharge to step depolarizations. The STZ-AD rat model had a greater sensitivity to CO2 than controls. The increased CO2-sensitivity was demonstrated by a significantly stronger inhibition of activity during hypercapnia that was in part due to hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential. Reduction of AP discharge in both groups was generally accompanied by lower LC network activity, depolarized AP threshold, increased AP repolarization, and increased current through a subpopulation of voltage-gated K+ channels (KV). The latter was indicated by enhanced transient KV currents particularly in the STZ-AD group. Interestingly, steady-state KV currents were reduced under hypercapnia, a change that would favor enhanced AP discharge. However, the collective response of most LC neurons in adult rats, and particularly those in the STZ-AD group, was inhibited by CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane C Vicente
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, USA; Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP/FCAV at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Chuma M Humphrey
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Luciane H Gargaglioni
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP/FCAV at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Tim D Ostrowski
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, USA.
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50
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Owen MC, Gnutt D, Gao M, Wärmländer SKTS, Jarvet J, Gräslund A, Winter R, Ebbinghaus S, Strodel B. Effects of in vivo conditions on amyloid aggregation. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3946-3996. [PMID: 31192324 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the grand challenges of biophysical chemistry is to understand the principles that govern protein misfolding and aggregation, which is a highly complex process that is sensitive to initial conditions, operates on a huge range of length- and timescales, and has products that range from protein dimers to macroscopic amyloid fibrils. Aberrant aggregation is associated with more than 25 diseases, which include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and type II diabetes. Amyloid aggregation has been extensively studied in the test tube, therefore under conditions that are far from physiological relevance. Hence, there is dire need to extend these investigations to in vivo conditions where amyloid formation is affected by a myriad of biochemical interactions. As a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, these interactions need to be understood in detail to develop novel therapeutic interventions, as millions of people globally suffer from neurodegenerative disorders and type II diabetes. The aim of this review is to document the progress in the research on amyloid formation from a physicochemical perspective with a special focus on the physiological factors influencing the aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide, the islet amyloid polypeptide, α-synuclein, and the hungingtin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Owen
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Gnutt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Lead Discovery Wuppertal, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mimi Gao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Winter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 42525 Jülich, Germany. and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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