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Sniezek Carney O, Harris KW, Wohlfarter Y, Lee K, Butschek G, Anzmann A, Claypool SM, Hamacher-Brady A, Keller M, Vernon HJ. Stem cell models of TAFAZZIN deficiency reveal novel tissue-specific pathologies in Barth Syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.28.591534. [PMID: 38746168 PMCID: PMC11092433 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.28.591534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare mitochondrial disease caused by pathogenic variants in the gene TAFAZZIN, which leads to abnormal cardiolipin (CL) metabolism on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although TAFAZZIN is ubiquitously expressed, BTHS involves a complex combination of tissue specific phenotypes including cardiomyopathy, neutropenia, skeletal myopathy, and growth delays, with a relatively minimal neurological burden. To understand both the developmental and functional effects of TAZ-deficiency in different tissues, we generated isogenic TAZ knockout (TAZ- KO) and WT cardiomyocytes (CMs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from CRISPR-edited induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In TAZ-KO CMs we discovered evidence of dysregulated mitophagy including dysmorphic mitochondria and mitochondrial cristae, differential expression of key autophagy-associated genes, and an inability of TAZ-deficient CMs to properly initiate stress-induced mitophagy. In TAZ-deficient NPCs we identified novel phenotypes including a reduction in CIV abundance and CIV activity in the CIII2&CIV2 intermediate complex. Interestingly, while CL acyl chain manipulation was unable to alter mitophagy defects in TAZ-KO CMs, we found that linoleic acid or oleic acid supplementation was able to partially restore CIV abundance in TAZ-deficient NPCs. Taken together, our results have implications for understanding the tissue-specific pathology of BTHS and potential for tissue-specific therapeutic targeting. Moreover, our results highlight an emerging role for mitophagy in the cardiac pathophysiology of BTHS and reveal a potential neuron-specific bioenergetic phenotype.
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Golla VK, Boyd KJ, May ER. Curvature sensing lipid dynamics in a mitochondrial inner membrane model. Commun Biol 2024; 7:29. [PMID: 38182788 PMCID: PMC10770132 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane curvature is essential for many cellular structures and processes, and factors such as leaflet asymmetry, lipid composition, and proteins all play important roles. Cardiolipin is the signature lipid of mitochondrial membranes and is essential for maintaining the highly curved shapes of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and the spatial arrangement of membrane proteins. In this study, we investigate the partitioning behavior of various lipids present in the IMM using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. This study explores curved bilayer systems containing phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and cardiolipin (CDL) in binary and ternary component mixtures. Curvature properties such as mean and Gaussian curvatures, as well as the distribution of lipids into the various curved regions of the cristae models, are quantified. Overall, this work represents an advance beyond previous studies on lipid curvature sensing by simulating these systems in a geometry that has the morphological features and scales of curvature consistent with regions of the IMM. We find that CDL has a stronger preference for accumulating in regions of negative curvature than PE lipids, in agreement with previous results. Furthermore, we find lipid partitioning propensity is dominated by sensitivity to mean curvature, while there is a weaker correlation with Gaussian curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaya Kumar Golla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Kevin J Boyd
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- NVIDIA, 2860 County Hwy G4, Santa Clara, CA, 95051, USA
| | - Eric R May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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3
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Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Mikulska-Ruminska K, Damschroder D, Vieira Neto E, Lasorsa A, Kapralov AA, Tyurin VA, Amoscato AA, Samovich SN, Souryavong AB, Dar HH, Ramim A, Liang Z, Lazcano P, Ji J, Schmidtke MW, Kiselyov K, Korkmaz A, Vladimirov GK, Artyukhova MA, Rampratap P, Cole LK, Niyatie A, Baker EK, Peterson J, Hatch GM, Atkinson J, Vockley J, Kühn B, Wessells R, van der Wel PCA, Bahar I, Bayir H, Greenberg ML. Anomalous peroxidase activity of cytochrome c is the primary pathogenic target in Barth syndrome. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2184-2205. [PMID: 37996701 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a life-threatening genetic disorder with unknown pathogenicity caused by mutations in TAFAZZIN (TAZ) that affect remodeling of mitochondrial cardiolipin (CL). TAZ deficiency leads to accumulation of mono-lyso-CL (MLCL), which forms a peroxidase complex with cytochrome c (cyt c) capable of oxidizing polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing lipids. We hypothesized that accumulation of MLCL facilitates formation of anomalous MLCL-cyt c peroxidase complexes and peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid phospholipids as the primary BTHS pathogenic mechanism. Using genetic, biochemical/biophysical, redox lipidomic and computational approaches, we reveal mechanisms of peroxidase-competent MLCL-cyt c complexation and increased phospholipid peroxidation in different TAZ-deficient cells and animal models and in pre-transplant biopsies from hearts of patients with BTHS. A specific mitochondria-targeted anti-peroxidase agent inhibited MLCL-cyt c peroxidase activity, prevented phospholipid peroxidation, improved mitochondrial respiration of TAZ-deficient C2C12 myoblasts and restored exercise endurance in a BTHS Drosophila model. Targeting MLCL-cyt c peroxidase offers therapeutic approaches to BTHS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Deena Damschroder
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eduardo Vieira Neto
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic and Genomic Medicine Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessia Lasorsa
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Svetlana N Samovich
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Austin B Souryavong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haider H Dar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abu Ramim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhuqing Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Pablo Lazcano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aybike Korkmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Redox Health Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georgy K Vladimirov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margarita A Artyukhova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pushpa Rampratap
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura K Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ammanamanchi Niyatie
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emma-Kate Baker
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Peterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic and Genomic Medicine Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Patrick C A van der Wel
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Laufer Center for Physical Quantitative Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Redox Health Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Joshi A, Gohil VM. Cardiolipin deficiency leads to the destabilization of mitochondrial magnesium channel MRS2 in Barth syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3353-3360. [PMID: 37721533 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a debilitating X-linked cardio-skeletal myopathy caused by loss-of-function mutations in TAFAZZIN, a cardiolipin (CL)-remodeling enzyme required for the maintenance of normal levels of CL species in mitochondrial membranes. At present, how perturbations in CL abundance and composition lead to many debilitating clinical presentations in BTHS patients have not been fully elucidated. Inspired by our recent findings that CL is essential for optimal mitochondrial calcium uptake, we measured the levels of other biologically important metal ions in BTHS mitochondria and found that in addition to calcium, magnesium levels are significantly reduced. Consistent with this observation, we report a decreased abundance of the mitochondrial magnesium influx channel MRS2 in multiple models of BTHS including yeast, murine myoblast, and BTHS patient cells and cardiac tissue. Mechanistically, we attribute reduced steady-state levels of MRS2 to its increased turnover in CL-deficient BTHS models. By expressing Mrs2 in well-characterized yeast mutants of the phospholipid biosynthetic pathways, we demonstrate a specific requirement of CL for Mrs2 abundance and assembly. Finally, we provide in vitro evidence for the direct binding of CL with human MRS2. Together, our study has identified a critical requirement of CL for MRS2 stability and suggests perturbation of mitochondrial magnesium homeostasis as a novel contributing factor to BTHS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaumy Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, TAMU 3474, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, TAMU 3474, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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Kutschka I, Bertero E, Wasmus C, Xiao K, Yang L, Chen X, Oshima Y, Fischer M, Erk M, Arslan B, Alhasan L, Grosser D, Ermer KJ, Nickel A, Kohlhaas M, Eberl H, Rebs S, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Schmitz W, Rehling P, Thum T, Higuchi T, Rabinowitz J, Maack C, Dudek J. Activation of the integrated stress response rewires cardiac metabolism in Barth syndrome. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:47. [PMID: 37930434 PMCID: PMC10628049 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is an inherited cardiomyopathy caused by defects in the mitochondrial transacylase TAFAZZIN (Taz), required for the synthesis of the phospholipid cardiolipin. BTHS is characterized by heart failure, increased propensity for arrhythmias and a blunted inotropic reserve. Defects in Ca2+-induced Krebs cycle activation contribute to these functional defects, but despite oxidation of pyridine nucleotides, no oxidative stress developed in the heart. Here, we investigated how retrograde signaling pathways orchestrate metabolic rewiring to compensate for mitochondrial defects. In mice with an inducible knockdown (KD) of TAFAZZIN, and in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes, mitochondrial uptake and oxidation of fatty acids was strongly decreased, while glucose uptake was increased. Unbiased transcriptomic analyses revealed that the activation of the eIF2α/ATF4 axis of the integrated stress response upregulates one-carbon metabolism, which diverts glycolytic intermediates towards the biosynthesis of serine and fuels the biosynthesis of glutathione. In addition, strong upregulation of the glutamate/cystine antiporter xCT increases cardiac cystine import required for glutathione synthesis. Increased glutamate uptake facilitates anaplerotic replenishment of the Krebs cycle, sustaining energy production and antioxidative pathways. These data indicate that ATF4-driven rewiring of metabolism compensates for defects in mitochondrial uptake of fatty acids to sustain energy production and antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kutschka
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - Italian IRCCS Cardiology Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Christina Wasmus
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ke Xiao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Oshima
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Fischer
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuela Erk
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Berkan Arslan
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lin Alhasan
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daria Grosser
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina J Ermer
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Eberl
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Rebs
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- University Göttingen, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Humboldtallee 23, 37072, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Rebirth Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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Wang W, Wu D, Ding J, Wang J, Meng J, Ming K, Li S, Qiu T, Liu J, Yang DA. Modified rougan decoction attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis through ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction by upregulated SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102992. [PMID: 37595499 PMCID: PMC10457587 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The modified rougan decoction (MRGD) compound formula has been proven a certain ability to relieve lipopolysaccharide-enrofloxacin (LPS-ENR)-induced liver oxidant injury in chickens. Recent advances have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction affects the development of many diseases, leading to increased interest in exploring its effects. Using LPS-ENR-injured in vivo and in vitro to further evaluate the effects of MRGD on mitochondrial structure and function, and emphasized further investigation of its molecular mechanism. After LPS-ENR treatment, the levels of inflammation and apoptosis markers were increased, along with higher mitochondrial injury. Results showed that MRGD reduced inflammatory factors expression and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65, reducing the inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, MRGD pretreatment inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and mitochondrial pathway apoptosis by maintaining mitochondrial structure and function. Moreover, treatment with the inhibitor EX527 showed that MRGD promoted mitochondrial biogenesis ability through the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway and interfered with mitochondrial dynamics, and activate Nrf2. In summary, MRGD played a key role in promoting mitochondrial function and thus alleviating hepatocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro at least in part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Desheng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jinxue Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jinli Wang
- College of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, PR China
| | - Jinwu Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ke Ming
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Siya Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Tianxin Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Danchen Aaron Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Magistrati M, Gilea AI, Gerra MC, Baruffini E, Dallabona C. Drug Drop Test: How to Quickly Identify Potential Therapeutic Compounds for Mitochondrial Diseases Using Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10696. [PMID: 37445873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) refer to a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous pathologies characterized by defective mitochondrial function and energy production. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for most MDs, and current therapeutic management is limited to relieving symptoms. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been efficiently used as a model organism to study mitochondria-related disorders thanks to its easy manipulation and well-known mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. It has been successfully exploited both to validate alleged pathogenic variants identified in patients and to discover potential beneficial molecules for their treatment. The so-called "drug drop test", a phenotype-based high-throughput screening, especially if coupled with a drug repurposing approach, allows the identification of molecules with high translational potential in a cost-effective and time-saving manner. In addition to drug identification, S. cerevisiae can be used to point out the drug's target or pathway. To date, drug drop tests have been successfully carried out for a variety of disease models, leading to very promising results. The most relevant aspect is that studies on more complex model organisms confirmed the effectiveness of the drugs, strengthening the results obtained in yeast and demonstrating the usefulness of this screening as a novel approach to revealing new therapeutic molecules for MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Magistrati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alexandru Ionut Gilea
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Gerra
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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8
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Moon SH, Dilthey BG, Guan S, Sims HF, Pittman SK, Keith AL, Jenkins CM, Weihl CC, Gross RW. Genetic deletion of skeletal muscle iPLA 2γ results in mitochondrial dysfunction, muscle atrophy and alterations in whole-body energy metabolism. iScience 2023; 26:106895. [PMID: 37275531 PMCID: PMC10239068 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the major site of glucose utilization in mammals integrating serum glucose clearance with mitochondrial respiration. To mechanistically elucidate the roles of iPLA2γ in skeletal muscle mitochondria, we generated a skeletal muscle-specific calcium-independent phospholipase A2γ knockout (SKMiPLA2γKO) mouse. Genetic ablation of skeletal muscle iPLA2γ resulted in pronounced muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and increased blood lactate resulting from defects in mitochondrial function impairing metabolic processing of pyruvate and resultant bioenergetic inefficiency. Mitochondria from SKMiPLA2γKO mice were dysmorphic displaying marked changes in size, shape, and interfibrillar juxtaposition. Mitochondrial respirometry demonstrated a marked impairment in respiratory efficiency with decreases in the mass and function of oxidative phosphorylation complexes and cytochrome c. Further, a pronounced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and remodeling of cardiolipin molecular species were prominent. Collectively, these alterations prevented body weight gain during high-fat feeding through enhanced glucose disposal without efficient capture of chemical energy thereby altering whole-body bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Moon
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beverly Gibson Dilthey
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shaoping Guan
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Harold F. Sims
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sara K. Pittman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amy L. Keith
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher M. Jenkins
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Conrad C. Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard W. Gross
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
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9
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Hsu CY, Huang CY, Shih CM, Lin YW, Huang PH, Lin SJ, Liu CW, Lin CY, Lin FY. Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily 14 (LIGHT) Restricts Neovascularization by Decreasing Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086997. [PMID: 37108160 PMCID: PMC10138919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 (TNFSF14) is also known as the LT-related inducible ligand (LIGHT). It can bind to the herpesvirus invasion mediator and lymphotoxin-β receptor to perform its biological activity. LIGHT has multiple physiological functions, including strengthening the synthesis of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and cytokines. LIGHT also stimulates angiogenesis in tumors and induces the synthesis of high endothelial venules; degrades the extracellular matrix in thoracic aortic dissection, and induces the expression of interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2, and cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells. While LIGHT induces tissue inflammation, its effects on angiogenesis after tissue ischemia are unclear. Thus, we analyzed these effects in the current study. In this study, the animal model of hind limb ischemia surgery in C57BL/6 mice was performed. Doppler ultrasound, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blotting were employed to analyze the situation of angiogenesis. In addition, human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were used for in vitro studies to analyze the possible mechanisms. The results in the animal study showed that LIGHT injection inhibited angiogenesis in ischemic limbs. For the in vitro studies, LIGHT inhibited the expression of integrins and E-selectin; decreased migration and tube formation capabilities, mitochondrial respiration, and succinate dehydrogenase activity; and promoted senescence in EPCs. Western blotting revealed that the impairment of EPC function by LIGHT may be due to its effects on the proper functioning of the intracellular Akt signaling pathway, endothelial nitrite oxide synthase (eNOS), and mitochondrial respiration. In conclusion, LIGHT inhibits angiogenesis after tissue ischemia. This may be related to the clamped EPC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yi Hsu
- Taipei Heart Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Huang
- Taipei Heart Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Shih
- Taipei Heart Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Taipei Heart Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Cheng-Yen Lin
- Healthcare Information and Management Department, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Taipei Heart Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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10
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Bautista JS, Falabella M, Flannery PJ, Hanna MG, Heales SJ, Pope SA, Pitceathly RD. Advances in methods to analyse cardiolipin and their clinical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 157:116808. [PMID: 36751553 PMCID: PMC7614147 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondria-exclusive phospholipid, primarily localised within the inner mitochondrial membrane, that plays an essential role in mitochondrial architecture and function. Aberrant CL content, structure, and localisation have all been linked to impaired mitochondrial activity and are observed in the pathophysiology of cancer and neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. The detection, quantification, and localisation of CL species is a valuable tool to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning several human disorders. CL is measured using liquid chromatography, usually combined with mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry imaging, shotgun lipidomics, ion mobility spectrometry, fluorometry, and radiolabelling. This review summarises available methods to analyse CL, with a particular focus on modern mass spectrometry, and evaluates their advantages and limitations. We provide guidance aimed at selecting the most appropriate technique, or combination of techniques, when analysing CL in different model systems, and highlight the clinical contexts in which measuring CL is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S. Bautista
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Micol Falabella
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Padraig J. Flannery
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK,Neurogenetics Unit, Rare and Inherited Disease Laboratory, North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, London, UK
| | - Michael G. Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK,NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Simon J.R. Heales
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK,NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK,Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Simon A.S. Pope
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK,Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Robert D.S. Pitceathly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK,NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK, Corresponding author. Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. (R.D.S. Pitceathly)
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11
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Corey RA, Harrison N, Stansfeld PJ, Sansom MSP, Duncan AL. Cardiolipin, and not monolysocardiolipin, preferentially binds to the interface of complexes III and IV. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13489-13498. [PMID: 36507170 PMCID: PMC9682889 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain comprises a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that generate a proton motive force via oxidative phosphorylation, ultimately generating ATP. These protein complexes can oligomerize to form larger structures called supercomplexes. Cardiolipin (CL), a conical lipid, unique within eukaryotes to the inner mitochondrial membrane, has proven essential in maintaining the stability and function of supercomplexes. Monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) is a CL variant that accumulates in people with Barth syndrome (BTHS). BTHS is caused by defects in CL biosynthesis and characterised by abnormal mitochondrial bioenergetics and destabilised supercomplexes. However, the mechanisms by which MLCL causes pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, multiscale molecular dynamics characterise the interactions of CL and MLCL with yeast and mammalian mitochondrial supercomplexes containing complex III (CIII) and complex IV (CIV). Coarse-grained simulations reveal that both CL and MLCL bind to sites at the interface between CIII and CIV of the supercomplex. Free energy perturbation calculations show that MLCL interaction is weaker than that of CL and suggest that interaction with CIV drives this difference. Atomistic contact analyses show that, although interaction with CIII is similar for CL and MLCL, CIV makes more contacts with CL than MLCL, demonstrating that CL is a more successful "glue" between the two complexes. Simulations of the human CIII2CIV supercomplex show that this interface site is maintained between species. Our study suggests that MLCL accumulation in people with BTHS disrupts supercomplex stability by formation of relatively weak interactions at the interface lipid binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Corey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
| | - Noah Harrison
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
| | - Philllp J Stansfeld
- School of Life Sciences & Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
| | - Anna L Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
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12
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Zhang J, Liu X, Nie J, Shi Y. Restoration of mitophagy ameliorates cardiomyopathy in Barth syndrome. Autophagy 2022; 18:2134-2149. [PMID: 34985382 PMCID: PMC9466615 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2020979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutations in the TAFAZZIN/Taz gene which encodes a transacylase required for cardiolipin remodeling. Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial signature phospholipid that plays a pivotal role in maintaining mitochondrial membrane structure, respiration, mtDNA biogenesis, and mitophagy. Mutations in the TAFAZZIN gene deplete mature cardiolipin, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and premature death in BTHS patients. Currently, there is no effective treatment for this debilitating condition. In this study, we showed that TAFAZZIN deficiency caused hyperactivation of MTORC1 signaling and defective mitophagy, leading to accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and dysfunctional mitochondria in the heart of Tafazzin knockdown mice, a rodent model of BTHS. Consequently, treatment of TAFAZZIN knockdown mice with rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of MTORC1, not only restored mitophagy, but also mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy. Taken together, these findings identify MTORC1 as a novel therapeutic target for BTHS, suggesting that pharmacological restoration of mitophagy may provide a novel treatment for BTHS.Abbreviations: BTHS: Barth syndrome; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; CL: cardiolipin; EIF4EBP1/4E-BP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LV: left ventricle; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; PRKN/Parkin: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; RPS6KB/S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TLCL: tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xueling Liu
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Nie
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,CONTACT Yuguang Shi Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long Distinguished Chair in Metabolic Biology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
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13
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Chowdhury S, Jackson L, Byrne BJ, Bryant RM, Cade WT, Churchill TL, Buchanan J, Taylor C. Longitudinal Observational Study of Cardiac Outcome Risk Factor Prediction in Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Barth Syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 43:1251-1263. [PMID: 35238957 PMCID: PMC9462389 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-02846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mitochondrial cardioskeletal myopathy caused by defects in TAFAZZIN, a gene responsible for cardiolipin remodeling. Altered mitochondrial levels of cardiolipin lead to cardiomyopathy (CM), muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, and mortality. Cardiac risk factors predicting outcome are unknown. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal observational study to determine risk factors for outcome in BTHS. Subjects with minimum two evaluations (or one followed by death or transplant) were included. Cardiac size, function, and QTc data were measured by echocardiography and electrocardiography at 7 time points from 2002 to 2018. Analysis included baseline, continuous, and categorical variables. Categorical risk factors included prolonged QTc, abnormal right ventricle fractional area change (RV FAC), left ventricle (LV) or RV non-compaction, and restrictive CM phenotype. The association between variables and cardiac death or transplant (CD/TX) was assessed. Median enrollment age was 7 years (range 0.5-22; n = 44). Transplant-free survival (TFS) was 74.4% at 15 years from first evaluation. The cohort demonstrated longitudinal declines in LV size and stroke volume z-scores (end-diastolic volume, p = 0.0002; stroke volume p < 0.0001), worsening RV FAC (p = 0.0405), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) (p = 0.0001) with stable ejection (EF) and shortening (FS) fraction. CD/TX subjects (n = 9) displayed worsening LV dilation (p = 0.0066), EF (p ≤ 0.0001), FS (p = 0.0028), and RV FAC (p = .0032) versus stability in TFS. Having ≥ 2 categorical risk factors predicted CD/TX (p = 0.0073). Over 15 years, 25% of BTHS subjects progressed to CD/TX. Those with progressive LV enlargement, dysfunction, and multiple cardiac risk factors warrant increased surveillance and intense therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lanier Jackson
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Barry J. Byrne
- School of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - W. Todd Cade
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Julia Buchanan
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Carolyn Taylor
- MUSC Children's Heart Program, Pediatric Echocardiography Lab, Pediatric Cardiology, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, MSC 915, 10 McClennan Banks Dr., Charleston, SC, 29425-8905, USA.
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14
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N-oleoylethanolamide treatment of lymphoblasts deficient in Tafazzin improves cell growth and mitochondrial morphology and dynamics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9466. [PMID: 35676289 PMCID: PMC9178007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by mutations in the TAZ gene encoding the cardiolipin remodeling enzyme, Tafazzin. The study objective was to quantitatively examine growth characteristics and mitochondrial morphology of transformed lymphoblast cell lines derived from five patients with BTHS relative to five healthy controls, as well as the therapeutic potential of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and linoleoylethanolamide (LEA). These bioactive lipids both activate PPARα, which may be therapeutic. BTHS lymphoblasts grew more slowly than controls, suggesting lymphopenia merits clinical investigation. Treatment of BTHS lymphoblasts with OEA, but not LEA, significantly restored mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as colony growth in all BTHS lymphoblast lines, although a full growth rescue was not achieved. Quantification analysis of electron micrographs from three BTHS and healthy lymphoblast donors indicated similar numbers of mitochondria per cell, but lower average cristae length per mitochondrion, and higher mitochondrial density. Additionally, BTHS lymphoblasts had larger mitochondria, and a higher percentage of abnormally large mitochondria (> 1 μm2) than healthy controls. Notably, OEA treatment significantly restored mitochondrial size, without affecting density or cristae lengths. Cardiolipin total content, relative linoleic acid content and monolysocardiolipin:cardiolipin ratios were not improved by OEA, indicating that effects on growth, and mitochondrial morphology and function, occurred without resolving this deficit. However, immunoblotting showed higher levels of OPA1, a biomarker for mitochondrial fusion, in BTHS lymphoblasts, which was attenuated by OEA treatment, implicating altered mitochondrial dynamics in the pathology and treatment of BTHS.
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15
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Liang Z, Schmidtke MW, Greenberg ML. Current Knowledge on the Role of Cardiolipin Remodeling in the Context of Lipid Oxidation and Barth Syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:915301. [PMID: 35693555 PMCID: PMC9184736 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.915301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS, OMIM 302060) is a genetic disorder caused by variants of the TAFAZZIN gene (G 4.5, OMIM 300394). This debilitating disorder is characterized by cardio- and skeletal myopathy, exercise intolerance, and neutropenia. TAFAZZIN is a transacylase that catalyzes the second step in the cardiolipin (CL) remodeling pathway, preferentially converting saturated CL species into unsaturated CLs that are susceptible to oxidation. As a hallmark mitochondrial membrane lipid, CL has been shown to be essential in a myriad of pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation, the electron transport chain, intermediary metabolism, and intrinsic apoptosis. The pathological severity of BTHS varies substantially from one patient to another, even in individuals bearing the same TAFAZZIN variant. The physiological modifier(s) leading to this disparity, along with the exact molecular mechanism linking CL to the various pathologies, remain largely unknown. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been identified in numerous BTHS models, ranging from yeast to human cell lines, suggesting that cellular ROS accumulation may participate in the pathogenesis of BTHS. Although the exact mechanism of how oxidative stress leads to pathogenesis is unknown, it is likely that CL oxidation plays an important role. In this review, we outline what is known about CL oxidation and provide a new perspective linking the functional relevance of CL remodeling and oxidation to ROS mitigation in the context of BTHS.
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16
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Sohn J, Milosevic J, Brouse T, Aziz N, Elkhoury J, Wang S, Hauschild A, van Gastel N, Cetinbas M, Tufa SF, Keene DR, Sadreyev RI, Pu WT, Sykes DB. A new murine model of Barth syndrome neutropenia links TAFAZZIN deficiency to increased ER stress-induced apoptosis. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2557-2577. [PMID: 34979560 PMCID: PMC9043941 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome is an inherited X-linked disorder that leads to cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and neutropenia. These symptoms result from the loss of function of the enzyme TAFAZZIN, a transacylase located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is responsible for the final steps of cardiolipin production. The link between defective cardiolipin maturation and neutropenia remains unclear. To address potential mechanisms of neutropenia, we examined myeloid progenitor development within the fetal liver of TAFAZZIN knockout (KO) animals as well as within the adult bone marrow of wild-type recipients transplanted with TAFAZZIN-KO hematopoietic stem cells. We also used the ER-Hoxb8 system (estrogen receptor fused to Hoxb8) of conditional immortalization to establish a new murine model system for the ex vivo study of TAFAZZIN-deficient neutrophils. The TAFAZZIN-KO cells demonstrated the expected dramatic differences in cardiolipin maturation that result from a lack of TAFAZZIN enzyme activity. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not identify any significant differences in neutrophil development or neutrophil function across a variety of assays including phagocytosis and the production of cytokines or reactive oxygen species. However, transcriptomic analysis of the TAFAZZIN-deficient neutrophil progenitors demonstrated an upregulation of markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress and confirmatory testing demonstrated that the TAFAZZIN-deficient cells had increased sensitivity to certain ER stress-mediated and non-ER stress-mediated triggers of apoptosis. Although the link between increased sensitivity to apoptosis and the variably penetrant neutropenia phenotype seen in some patients with Barth syndrome remains to be clarified, our studies and new model system set a foundation for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Sohn
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jelena Milosevic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Brouse
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Najihah Aziz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jenna Elkhoury
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Suya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Nick van Gastel
- de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sara F. Tufa
- Micro-Imaging Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, OR
| | - Douglas R. Keene
- Micro-Imaging Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, OR
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and
| | - William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David B. Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
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17
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Mohr B, Shmilovich K, Kleinwächter IS, Schneider D, Ferguson AL, Bereau T. Data-driven discovery of cardiolipin-selective small molecules by computational active learning. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4498-4511. [PMID: 35656132 PMCID: PMC9019913 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtle variations in the lipid composition of mitochondrial membranes can have a profound impact on mitochondrial function. The inner mitochondrial membrane contains the phospholipid cardiolipin, which has been demonstrated to act as a biomarker for a number of diverse pathologies. Small molecule dyes capable of selectively partitioning into cardiolipin membranes enable visualization and quantification of the cardiolipin content. Here we present a data-driven approach that combines a deep learning-enabled active learning workflow with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and alchemical free energy calculations to discover small organic compounds able to selectively permeate cardiolipin-containing membranes. By employing transferable coarse-grained models we efficiently navigate the all-atom design space corresponding to small organic molecules with molecular weight less than ≈500 Da. After direct simulation of only 0.42% of our coarse-grained search space we identify molecules with considerably increased levels of cardiolipin selectivity compared to a widely used cardiolipin probe 10-N-nonyl acridine orange. Our accumulated simulation data enables us to derive interpretable design rules linking coarse-grained structure to cardiolipin selectivity. The findings are corroborated by fluorescence anisotropy measurements of two compounds conforming to our defined design rules. Our findings highlight the potential of coarse-grained representations and multiscale modelling for materials discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Mohr
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences and Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam 1098 XH The Netherlands
| | - Kirill Shmilovich
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Isabel S Kleinwächter
- Department of Chemistry - Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dirk Schneider
- Department of Chemistry - Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Tristan Bereau
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences and Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam 1098 XH The Netherlands .,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research 55128 Mainz Germany
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18
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Zegallai HM, Hatch GM. Impaired surface marker expression in stimulated Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblasts from Barth Syndrome patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6195. [PMID: 35418665 PMCID: PMC9008054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary B lymphocytes rapidly respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytosine linked to a guanine by a phosphate bond deoxyribonucleic acid (CpG DNA) stimulation to promote adaptive immune function through increased surface marker expression. Here we examined expression of surface markers in LPS and CpG DNA stimulated Epstein-Barr virus transformed B lymphoblasts from control and BTHS patients with different mutations. The percentage of cluster of differentiation (CD) positive cells including CD38 + , CD138 + , CD80 + surface expression and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1 +) surface expression was similar between control and BTHS lymphoblasts incubated plus or minus LPS. The percentage of CD24 + , CD38 + and CD138 + cells was similar between control and BTHS lymphoblasts incubated plus or minus CpG DNA. CD27 + surface marker expression was reduced in both BTHS lymphoblasts and controls incubated with CpG DNA and PD1 + surface marker expression was higher in BTHS cells compared to controls but was unaltered by CpG DNA treatment. Thus, Epstein-Barr virus transformed control and BTHS lymphoblasts fail to increase selected surface markers upon stimulation with LPS and exhibit variable surface marker expression upon stimulation with CpG DNA. Since B lymphocyte surface marker expression upon activation is involved in B cell proliferation and differentiation, cell-cell interaction and the adaptive immune response, we suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting immunological data obtained from Epstein-Barr virus transformed BTHS cells. Based upon our observations in control cells, our conclusions may be more broadly applicable to other diseases which utilize transformed B lymphocytes for the study of immune biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Zegallai
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E3P4, Canada. .,John Buhler Research Center, 501C-715 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E3P4, Canada.
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19
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Pang J, Bao Y, Mitchell-Silbaugh K, Veevers J, Fang X. Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy: An Update. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040656. [PMID: 35456462 PMCID: PMC9030331 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mitochondrial lipid disorder caused by mutations in the TAFAZZIN (TAZ) gene, which encodes a mitochondrial acyltransferase/transacylase required for cardiolipin (CL) biosynthesis. Cardiomyopathy is a major clinical feature of BTHS. During the past four decades, we have witnessed many landmark discoveries that have led to a greater understanding of clinical features of BTHS cardiomyopathy and their molecular basis, as well as the therapeutic targets for this disease. Recently published Taz knockout mouse models provide useful experimental models for studying BTHS cardiomyopathy and testing potential therapeutic approaches. This review aims to summarize key findings of the clinical features, molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic approaches for BTHS cardiomyopathy, with particular emphasis on the most recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yutong Bao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kalia Mitchell-Silbaugh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-246-4637
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20
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Cytochrome c Interaction with Cardiolipin Plays a Key Role in Cell Apoptosis: Implications for Human Diseases. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cell cytochrome, c performs different functions depending on the environment in which it acts; therefore, it has been classified as a multifunction protein. When anchored to the outer side of the inner mitochondrial membrane, native cytochrome c acts as a Schweitzer-StennerSchweitzer-Stenner that transfers electrons from cytochrome c reductase to cytochrome c oxidase in the respiratory chain. On the other hand, to interact with cardiolipin (one of the phospholipids making up the mitochondrial membrane) and form the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex in the apoptotic process, the protein reorganizes its structure into a non-native state characterized by different asymmetry. The formation of the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex is a fundamental step of the apoptotic pathway, since the structural rearrangement induces peroxidase activity in cytochrome c, the subsequent permeabilization of the membrane, and the release of the free protein into the cytoplasm, where cytochrome c activates the apoptotic process. Apoptosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of neoplastic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases; in this contest, the biosynthesis and remodeling of cardiolipin are crucial for the regulation of the apoptotic process. Since the role of cytochrome c as a promoter of apoptosis strictly depends on the non-native conformation(s) that the protein acquires when bound to the cardiolipin and such event leads to cytochrome c traslocation into the cytosol, the structural and functional properties of the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex in cell fate will be the focus of the present review.
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21
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Mitochondrial Lipids: From Membrane Organization to Apoptotic Facilitation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073738. [PMID: 35409107 PMCID: PMC8998749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the most complex intracellular organelles, their function combining energy production for survival and apoptosis facilitation for death. Such a multivariate physiology is structurally and functionally reflected upon their membrane configuration and lipid composition. Mitochondrial double membrane lipids, with cardiolipin as the protagonist, show an impressive level of complexity that is mandatory for maintenance of mitochondrial health and protection from apoptosis. Given that lipidomics is an emerging field in cancer research and that mitochondria are the organelles with the most important role in malignant maintenance knowledge of the mitochondrial membrane, lipid physiology in health is mandatory. In this review, we will thus describe the delicate nature of the healthy mitochondrial double membrane and its role in apoptosis. Emphasis will be given on mitochondrial membrane lipids and the changes that they undergo during apoptosis induction and progression.
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22
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Lee RG, Balasubramaniam S, Stentenbach M, Kralj T, McCubbin T, Padman B, Smith J, Riley LG, Priyadarshi A, Peng L, Nuske MR, Webster R, Peacock K, Roberts P, Stark Z, Lemire G, Ito YA, Boycott KM, Geraghty MT, van Klinken JB, Ferdinandusse S, Zhou Y, Walsh R, Marcellin E, Thorburn DR, Rosciolli T, Fletcher J, Rackham O, Vaz FM, Reid GE, Filipovska A. Deleterious variants in CRLS1 lead to cardiolipin deficiency and cause an autosomal recessive multi-system mitochondrial disease. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3597-3612. [PMID: 35147173 PMCID: PMC9616573 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of inherited diseases with highly varied and complex clinical presentations. Here, we report four individuals, including two siblings, affected by a progressive mitochondrial encephalopathy with biallelic variants in the cardiolipin biosynthesis gene CRLS1. Three affected individuals had a similar infantile presentation comprising progressive encephalopathy, bull's eye maculopathy, auditory neuropathy, diabetes insipidus, autonomic instability, cardiac defects and early death. The fourth affected individual presented with chronic encephalopathy with neurodevelopmental regression, congenital nystagmus with decreased vision, sensorineural hearing loss, failure to thrive and acquired microcephaly. Using patient-derived fibroblasts, we characterized cardiolipin synthase 1 (CRLS1) dysfunction that impaired mitochondrial morphology and biogenesis, providing functional evidence that the CRLS1 variants cause mitochondrial disease. Lipid profiling in fibroblasts from two patients further confirmed the functional defect demonstrating reduced cardiolipin levels, altered acyl-chain composition and significantly increased levels of phosphatidylglycerol, the substrate of CRLS1. Proteomic profiling of patient cells and mouse Crls1 knockout cell lines identified both endoplasmic reticular and mitochondrial stress responses, and key features that distinguish between varying degrees of cardiolipin insufficiency. These findings support that deleterious variants in CRLS1 cause an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease, presenting as a severe encephalopathy with multi-systemic involvement. Furthermore, we identify key signatures in cardiolipin and proteome profiles across various degrees of cardiolipin loss, facilitating the use of omics technologies to guide future diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maike Stentenbach
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia,ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tom Kralj
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tim McCubbin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and Queensland Node of Metabolomics Australia,The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Padman
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of WA, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Janine Smith
- Discipline of Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Lisa G Riley
- Rare Diseases Functional Genomics, Kids Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Archana Priyadarshi
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Liuyu Peng
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Madison R Nuske
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Richard Webster
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ken Peacock
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia,General Paediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Philip Roberts
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Lemire
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Yoko A Ito
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | | | - Kym M Boycott
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Michael T Geraghty
- Metabolics and Newborn Screening, Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jan Bert van Klinken
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Zhou
- NSW Health Pathology, Randwick, NSW 2145, Australia
| | | | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and Queensland Node of Metabolomics Australia,The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tony Rosciolli
- NSW Health Pathology, Randwick, NSW 2145, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | | | - Oliver Rackham
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia,ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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23
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Yang Z, Wang L, Yang C, Pu S, Guo Z, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Zhao H. Mitochondrial Membrane Remodeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:786806. [PMID: 35059386 PMCID: PMC8763711 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.786806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of many important cellular processes and their dysfunction has been implicated in a large number of human disorders. Importantly, mitochondrial function is tightly linked to their ultrastructure, which possesses an intricate membrane architecture defining specific submitochondrial compartments. In particular, the mitochondrial inner membrane is highly folded into membrane invaginations that are essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, mitochondrial membranes are highly dynamic and undergo constant membrane remodeling during mitochondrial fusion and fission. It has remained enigmatic how these membrane curvatures are generated and maintained, and specific factors involved in these processes are largely unknown. This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial membrane architectural organization and factors critical for mitochondrial morphogenesis, as well as their functional link to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Ziqi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Ji J, Damschroder D, Bessert D, Lazcano P, Wessells R, Reynolds CA, Greenberg ML. NAD supplementation improves mitochondrial performance of cardiolipin mutants. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159094. [PMID: 35051613 PMCID: PMC8883178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant metabolism that are associated in humans with the severe disease Barth syndrome (BTHS). Several metabolic abnormalities are observed in BTHS patients and model systems, including decreased oxidative phosphorylation, reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux, and accumulated lactate and D-β-hydroxybutyrate, which strongly suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) redox metabolism may be altered in CL-deficient cells. In this study, we identified abnormal NAD+ metabolism in multiple BTHS model systems and demonstrate that supplementation of NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improves mitochondrial function. Improved mitochondrial function in the Drosophila model was associated with restored exercise endurance, which suggests a potential therapeutic benefit of NAD+ precursor supplementation in the management of BTHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Deena Damschroder
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Denise Bessert
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Pablo Lazcano
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Christian A Reynolds
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America.
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America.
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25
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Dudek J, Maack C. Mechano-energetic aspects of Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:82-98. [PMID: 34423473 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Energy-demanding organs like the heart are strongly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation is governed by the respiratory chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The inner mitochondrial membrane is the only cellular membrane with significant amounts of the phospholipid cardiolipin, and cardiolipin was found to directly interact with a number of essential protein complexes, including respiratory chain complexes I to V. An inherited defect in the biogenesis of cardiolipin causes Barth syndrome, which is associated with cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia and growth retardation. Energy conversion is dependent on reducing equivalents, which are replenished by oxidative metabolism in the Krebs cycle. Cardiolipin deficiency in Barth syndrome also affects Krebs cycle activity, metabolite transport and mitochondrial morphology. During excitation-contraction coupling, calcium (Ca2+ ) released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum drives sarcomeric contraction. At the same time, Ca2+ influx into mitochondria drives the activation of Krebs cycle dehydrogenases and the regeneration of reducing equivalents. Reducing equivalents are essential not only for energy conversion, but also for maintaining a redox buffer, which is required to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). Defects in CL may also affect Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria and thereby hamper energy supply and demand matching, but also detoxification of ROS. Here, we review the impact of cardiolipin deficiency on mitochondrial function in Barth syndrome and discuss potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dudek
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Ji J, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin function in the yeast S. cerevisiae and the lessons learned for Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:60-71. [PMID: 34626131 PMCID: PMC8755574 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid (PL) of mitochondria and plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial and cellular function. Disruption of the CL remodeling gene tafazzin (TAZ) causes the severe genetic disorder Barth syndrome (BTHS). Our current understanding of the function of CL and the mechanism underlying the disease has greatly benefited from studies utilizing the powerful yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this review, we discuss important findings on the function of CL and its remodeling from yeast studies and the implications of these findings for BTHS, highlighting the potential physiological modifiers that may contribute to the disparities in clinical presentation among BTHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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27
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Bozelli JC, Epand RM. Interplay between cardiolipin and plasmalogens in Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:99-110. [PMID: 34655242 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare inherited metabolic disease resulting from mutations in the gene of the enzyme tafazzin, which catalyzes the acyl chain remodeling of the mitochondrial-specific lipid cardiolipin (CL). Tissue samples of individuals with BTHS present abnormalities in the level and the molecular species of CL. In addition, in tissues of a tafazzin knockdown mouse as well as in cells derived from BTHS patients it has been shown that plasmalogens, a subclass of glycerophospholipids, also have abnormal levels. Likewise, administration of a plasmalogen precursor to cells derived from BTHS patients led to an increase in plasmalogen and to some extent CL levels. These results indicate an interplay between CL and plasmalogens in BTHS. This interdependence is supported by the concomitant loss in these lipids in different pathological conditions. However, currently the molecular mechanism linking CL and plasmalogens is not fully understood. Here, a review of the evidence showing the linkage between the levels of CL and plasmalogens is presented. In addition, putative mechanisms that might play a role in this interplay are proposed. Finally, the opportunity of therapeutic approaches based on the regulation of plasmalogens as new therapies for the treatment of BTHS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bozelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Káňovičová P, Čermáková P, Kubalová D, Bábelová L, Veselá P, Valachovič M, Zahumenský J, Horváth A, Malínský J, Balážová M. Blocking phosphatidylglycerol degradation in yeast defective in cardiolipin remodeling results in a new model of the Barth syndrome cellular phenotype. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101462. [PMID: 34864056 PMCID: PMC8728584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an inherited mitochondrial disorder characterized by a decrease in total cardiolipin and the accumulation of its precursor monolysocardiolipin due to the loss of the transacylase enzyme tafazzin. However, the molecular basis of BTHS pathology is still not well understood. Here we characterize the double mutant pgc1Δtaz1Δ of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in phosphatidylglycerol-specific phospholipase C and tafazzin as a new yeast model of BTHS. Unlike the taz1Δ mutant used to date, this model accumulates phosphatidylglycerol, thus better approximating the human BTHS cells. We demonstrate that increased phosphatidylglycerol in this strain leads to more pronounced mitochondrial respiratory defects and an increased incidence of aberrant mitochondria compared to the single taz1Δ mutant. We also show that the mitochondria of the pgc1Δtaz1Δ mutant exhibit a reduced rate of respiration due to decreased cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase activities. Finally, we determined that the mood-stabilizing anticonvulsant valproic acid has a positive effect on both lipid composition and mitochondrial function in these yeast BTHS models. Overall, our results show that the pgc1Δtaz1Δ mutant better mimics the cellular phenotype of BTHS patients than taz1Δ cells, both in terms of lipid composition and the degree of disruption of mitochondrial structure and function. This favors the new model for use in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulína Káňovičová
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Čermáková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Kubalová
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Bábelová
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Veselá
- Department of Functional Organization of Biomembranes, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valachovič
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Zahumenský
- Department of Functional Organization of Biomembranes, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anton Horváth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Malínský
- Department of Functional Organization of Biomembranes, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Mária Balážová
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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29
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Bertero E, Nickel A, Kohlhaas M, Hohl M, Sequeira V, Brune C, Schwemmlein J, Abeßer M, Schuh K, Kutschka I, Carlein C, Münker K, Atighetchi S, Müller A, Kazakov A, Kappl R, von der Malsburg K, van der Laan M, Schiuma AF, Böhm M, Laufs U, Hoth M, Rehling P, Kuhn M, Dudek J, von der Malsburg A, Prates Roma L, Maack C. Loss of Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uniporter Limits Inotropic Reserve and Provides Trigger and Substrate for Arrhythmias in Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2021; 144:1694-1713. [PMID: 34648376 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by mutations of the gene encoding tafazzin, which catalyzes maturation of mitochondrial cardiolipin and often manifests with systolic dysfunction during early infancy. Beyond the first months of life, BTHS cardiomyopathy typically transitions to a phenotype of diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, blunted contractile reserve during exercise, and arrhythmic vulnerability. Previous studies traced BTHS cardiomyopathy to mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because mitochondrial function and ROS formation are regulated by excitation-contraction coupling, integrated analysis of mechano-energetic coupling is required to delineate the pathomechanisms of BTHS cardiomyopathy. METHODS We analyzed cardiac function and structure in a mouse model with global knockdown of tafazzin (Taz-KD) compared with wild-type littermates. Respiratory chain assembly and function, ROS emission, and Ca2+ uptake were determined in isolated mitochondria. Excitation-contraction coupling was integrated with mitochondrial redox state, ROS, and Ca2+ uptake in isolated, unloaded or preloaded cardiac myocytes, and cardiac hemodynamics analyzed in vivo. RESULTS Taz-KD mice develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (>50%) and age-dependent progression of diastolic dysfunction in the absence of fibrosis. Increased myofilament Ca2+ affinity and slowed cross-bridge cycling caused diastolic dysfunction, in part, compensated by accelerated diastolic Ca2+ decay through preactivated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. Taz deficiency provoked heart-specific loss of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter protein that prevented Ca2+-induced activation of the Krebs cycle during β-adrenergic stimulation, oxidizing pyridine nucleotides and triggering arrhythmias in cardiac myocytes. In vivo, Taz-KD mice displayed prolonged QRS duration as a substrate for arrhythmias, and a lack of inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation. Cellular arrhythmias and QRS prolongation, but not the defective inotropic reserve, were restored by inhibiting Ca2+ export through the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. All alterations occurred in the absence of excess mitochondrial ROS in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, increased myofilament Ca2+ affinity, and preactivated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase provoke mechano-energetic uncoupling that explains diastolic dysfunction and the lack of inotropic reserve in BTHS cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, defective mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake provides a trigger and a substrate for ventricular arrhythmias. These insights can guide the ongoing search for a cure of this orphaned disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Now with Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Italy (E.B.)
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Mathias Hohl
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Carolin Brune
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Julia Schwemmlein
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Marco Abeßer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Kai Schuh
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Ilona Kutschka
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Christopher Carlein
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Kai Münker
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sarah Atighetchi
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Clinic for Radiology (A.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andrey Kazakov
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kappl
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Karina von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anna-Florentine Schiuma
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Michael Böhm
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Now with Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Germany (U.L.)
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany (P.R., J.D.).,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany (P.R.).,Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany (P.R.)
| | - Michaela Kuhn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany (P.R., J.D.)
| | - Alexander von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Leticia Prates Roma
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Department for Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (C.M.)
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Ralph-Epps T, Onu CJ, Vo L, Schmidtke MW, Le A, Greenberg ML. Studying Lipid-Related Pathophysiology Using the Yeast Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:768411. [PMID: 34777024 PMCID: PMC8581491 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.768411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as baker's yeast, is one of the most comprehensively studied model organisms in science. Yeast has been used to study a wide variety of human diseases, and the yeast model system has proved to be an especially amenable tool for the study of lipids and lipid-related pathophysiologies, a topic that has gained considerable attention in recent years. This review focuses on how yeast has contributed to our understanding of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) and its role in Barth syndrome (BTHS), a genetic disorder characterized by partial or complete loss of function of the CL remodeling enzyme tafazzin. Defective tafazzin causes perturbation of CL metabolism, resulting in many downstream cellular consequences and clinical pathologies that are discussed herein. The influence of yeast research in the lipid-related pathophysiologies of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Ralph-Epps
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Chisom J Onu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Linh Vo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael W Schmidtke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Anh Le
- Muskegon Catholic Central High School, Muskegon, MI, United States
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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31
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Zegallai HM, Abu-El-Rub E, Cole LK, Field J, Mejia EM, Gordon JW, Marshall AJ, Hatch GM. Tafazzin deficiency impairs mitochondrial metabolism and function of lipopolysaccharide activated B lymphocytes in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22023. [PMID: 34767647 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100811rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity and play a key role in the immune response. Optimal mitochondrial function is required to support B cell activity during activation. We examined how deficiency of tafazzin, a cardiolipin remodeling enzyme required for mitochondrial function, alters the metabolic activity of B cells and their response to activation by lipopolysaccharide in mice. B cells were isolated from 3-month-old wild type or tafazzin knockdown mice and incubated for up to 72 h with lipopolysaccharide and cell proliferation, expression of cell surface markers, secretion of antibodies and chemokines, proteasome and immunoproteasome activities, and metabolic function determined. In addition, proteomic analysis was performed to identify altered levels of proteins involved in survival, immunogenic, proteasomal and mitochondrial processes. Compared to wild type lipopolysaccharide activated B cells, lipopolysaccharide activated tafazzin knockdown B cells exhibited significantly reduced proliferation, lowered expression of cluster of differentiation 86 and cluster of differentiation 69 surface markers, reduced secretion of immunoglobulin M antibody, reduced secretion of keratinocytes-derived chemokine and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2, reduced proteasome and immunoproteasome activities, and reduced mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Proteomic analysis revealed significant alterations in key protein targets that regulate cell survival, immunogenicity, proteasomal processing and mitochondrial function consistent with the findings of the above functional studies. The results indicate that the cardiolipin transacylase enzyme tafazzin plays a key role in regulating mouse B cell function and metabolic activity during activation through modulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Zegallai
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jared Field
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Edgard M Mejia
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,College of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Bozelli JC, Azher S, Epand RM. Plasmalogens and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:730829. [PMID: 34744771 PMCID: PMC8566352 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming widely acknowledged that lipids play key roles in cellular function, regulating a variety of biological processes. Lately, a subclass of glycerophospholipids, namely plasmalogens, has received increased attention due to their association with several degenerative and metabolic disorders as well as aging. All these pathophysiological conditions involve chronic inflammatory processes, which have been linked with decreased levels of plasmalogens. Currently, there is a lack of full understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the association of plasmalogens with inflammation. However, it has been shown that in inflammatory processes, plasmalogens could trigger either an anti- or pro-inflammation response. While the anti-inflammatory response seems to be linked to the entire plasmalogen molecule, its pro-inflammatory response seems to be associated with plasmalogen hydrolysis, i.e., the release of arachidonic acid, which, in turn, serves as a precursor to produce pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Moreover, as plasmalogens comprise a large fraction of the total lipids in humans, changes in their levels have been shown to change membrane properties and, therefore, signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory cascade. Restoring plasmalogen levels by use of plasmalogen replacement therapy has been shown to be a successful anti-inflammatory strategy as well as ameliorating several pathological hallmarks of these diseases. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging role of plasmalogens in chronic inflammatory disorders as well as the promising role of plasmalogen replacement therapy in the treatment of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bozelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sayed Azher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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33
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Diverse mitochondrial abnormalities in a new cellular model of TAFFAZZIN deficiency are remediated by cardiolipin-interacting small molecules. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101005. [PMID: 34314685 PMCID: PMC8384898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked disorder of mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism caused by pathogenic variants in TAFFAZIN, which results in abnormal cardiolipin (CL) content in the inner mitochondrial membrane. To identify unappreciated pathways of mitochondrial dysfunction in BTHS, we utilized an unbiased proteomics strategy and identified that complex I (CI) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the mitochondrial quality control protease presenilin-associated rhomboid-like protein (PARL) are altered in a new HEK293–based tafazzin-deficiency model. Follow-up studies confirmed decreased steady state levels of specific CI subunits and an assembly factor in the absence of tafazzin; this decrease is in part based on decreased transcription and results in reduced CI assembly and function. PARL, a rhomboid protease associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane with a role in the mitochondrial response to stress, such as mitochondrial membrane depolarization, is increased in tafazzin-deficient cells. The increased abundance of PARL correlates with augmented processing of a downstream target, phosphoglycerate mutase 5, at baseline and in response to mitochondrial depolarization. To clarify the relationship between abnormal CL content, CI levels, and increased PARL expression that occurs when tafazzin is missing, we used blue-native PAGE and gene expression analysis to determine that these defects are remediated by SS-31 and bromoenol lactone, pharmacologic agents that bind CL or inhibit CL deacylation, respectively. These findings have the potential to enhance our understanding of the cardiac pathology of BTHS, where defective mitochondrial quality control and CI dysfunction have well-recognized roles in the pathology of diverse forms of cardiac dysfunction.
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Mejia EM, Zegallai HM, Sparagna GC, Hatch GM. Reduced protein kinase C delta association with a higher molecular weight complex in mitochondria of Barth Syndrome lymphoblasts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.07.21.453087. [PMID: 34341795 PMCID: PMC8328083 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.21.453087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) signalosome exists as a high molecular weight complex in mitochondria and controls mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disease in which mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is impaired due to a mutation in the gene TAFAZZIN which results in reduction in the phospholipid cardiolipin and an accumulation of monolysocardiolipin. Here we examined if PKCδ association with a higher molecular weight complex was altered in mitochondria of BTHS lymphoblasts. Immunoblot analysis of blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis mitochondrial fractions revealed that PKCδ associated with a higher molecular weight complex in control lymphoblasts but this was markedly reduced in BTHS patient B lymphoblasts in spite of an increase in PKCδ protein expression. We hypothesize that the lack of PKCδ within this higher molecular weight complex may contribute to defective mitochondrial PKCδ signaling and thus to the bioenergetic defects observed in BTHS.
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Chaudhuri M, Tripathi A, Gonzalez FS. Diverse Functions of Tim50, a Component of the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Protein Translocase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7779. [PMID: 34360547 PMCID: PMC8346121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential in eukaryotes. Besides producing 80% of total cellular ATP, mitochondria are involved in various cellular functions such as apoptosis, inflammation, innate immunity, stress tolerance, and Ca2+ homeostasis. Mitochondria are also the site for many critical metabolic pathways and are integrated into the signaling network to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress. Mitochondria require hundreds of proteins to perform all these functions. Since the mitochondrial genome only encodes a handful of proteins, most mitochondrial proteins are imported from the cytosol via receptor/translocase complexes on the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes known as TOMs and TIMs. Many of the subunits of these protein complexes are essential for cell survival in model yeast and other unicellular eukaryotes. Defects in the mitochondrial import machineries are also associated with various metabolic, developmental, and neurodegenerative disorders in multicellular organisms. In addition to their canonical functions, these protein translocases also help maintain mitochondrial structure and dynamics, lipid metabolism, and stress response. This review focuses on the role of Tim50, the receptor component of one of the TIM complexes, in different cellular functions, with an emphasis on the Tim50 homologue in parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (A.T.); (F.S.G.)
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Del Campo A, Perez G, Castro PF, Parra V, Verdejo HE. Mitochondrial function, dynamics and quality control in the pathophysiology of HFpEF. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166208. [PMID: 34214606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization for the adult population and a major cause of mortality worldwide. The HF syndrome is characterized by the heart's inability to supply the cardiac output required to meet the body's metabolic requirements or only at the expense of elevated filling pressures. HF without overt impairment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was initially labeled as "diastolic HF" until recognizing the coexistence of both systolic and diastolic abnormalities in most cases. Acknowledging these findings, the preferred nomenclature is HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). This syndrome primarily affects the elderly population and is associated with a heterogeneous overlapping of comorbidities that makes its diagnosis challenging. Despite extensive research, there is still no evidence-based therapy for HFpEF, reinforcing the need for a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology underlying its onset and progression. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in developing the pathophysiological changes that accompany HFpEF onset and progression (low-grade systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial remodeling) has just begun to be acknowledged. This review summarizes our current understanding of the participation of the mitochondrial network in the pathogenesis of HFpEF, with particular emphasis on the signaling pathways involved, which may provide future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Del Campo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Perez
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Network for the Study of High-lethality Cardiopulmonary Diseases (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Chile.
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Chile.
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Liu X, Wang S, Guo X, Li Y, Ogurlu R, Lu F, Prondzynski M, Buzon SDLS, Ma Q, Zhang D, Wang G, Cotton J, Guo Y, Xiao L, Milan DJ, Xu Y, Schlame M, Bezzerides VJ, Pu WT. Increased Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Activation Contributes to Calcium Handling Abnormalities and Impaired Contraction in Barth Syndrome. Circulation 2021; 143:1894-1911. [PMID: 33793303 PMCID: PMC8691127 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.048698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in tafazzin (TAZ), a gene required for biogenesis of cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane, causes Barth syndrome (BTHS). Cardiomyopathy and risk of sudden cardiac death are prominent features of BTHS, but the mechanisms by which impaired cardiolipin biogenesis causes cardiac muscle weakness and arrhythmia are poorly understood. METHODS We performed in vivo electrophysiology to define arrhythmia vulnerability in cardiac-specific TAZ knockout mice. Using cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells and cardiac-specific TAZ knockout mice as model systems, we investigated the effect of TAZ inactivation on Ca2+ handling. Through genome editing and pharmacology, we defined a molecular link between TAZ mutation and abnormal Ca2+ handling and contractility. RESULTS A subset of mice with cardiac-specific TAZ inactivation developed arrhythmias, including bidirectional ventricular tachycardia, atrial tachycardia, and complete atrioventricular block. Compared with wild-type controls, BTHS-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes had increased diastolic Ca2+ and decreased Ca2+ transient amplitude. BTHS-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes had higher levels of mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species than wild-type controls, which activated CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II). Activated CaMKII phosphorylated the RYR2 (ryanodine receptor 2) on serine 2814, increasing Ca2+ leak through RYR2. Inhibition of this reactive oxygen species-CaMKII-RYR2 pathway through pharmacological inhibitors or genome editing normalized aberrant Ca2+ handling in BTHS-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and improved their contractile function. Murine Taz knockout cardiomyocytes also exhibited elevated diastolic Ca2+ and decreased Ca2+ transient amplitude. These abnormalities were ameliorated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II or reactive oxygen species inhibition. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a molecular pathway that links TAZ mutation with abnormal Ca2+ handling and decreased cardiomyocyte contractility. This pathway may offer therapeutic opportunities to treat BTHS and potentially other diseases with elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Basic Medical School, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Suya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Roza Ogurlu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fujian Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State key laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Justin Cotton
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David J. Milan
- Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Nesci S, Trombetti F, Pagliarani A, Ventrella V, Algieri C, Tioli G, Lenaz G. Molecular and Supramolecular Structure of the Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation System: Implications for Pathology. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:242. [PMID: 33804034 PMCID: PMC7999509 DOI: 10.3390/life11030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Under aerobic conditions, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) converts the energy released by nutrient oxidation into ATP, the currency of living organisms. The whole biochemical machinery is hosted by the inner mitochondrial membrane (mtIM) where the protonmotive force built by respiratory complexes, dynamically assembled as super-complexes, allows the F1FO-ATP synthase to make ATP from ADP + Pi. Recently mitochondria emerged not only as cell powerhouses, but also as signaling hubs by way of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, when ROS removal systems and/or OXPHOS constituents are defective, the physiological ROS generation can cause ROS imbalance and oxidative stress, which in turn damages cell components. Moreover, the morphology of mitochondria rules cell fate and the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the mtIM, which, most likely with the F1FO-ATP synthase contribution, permeabilizes mitochondria and leads to cell death. As the multiple mitochondrial functions are mutually interconnected, changes in protein composition by mutations or in supercomplex assembly and/or in membrane structures often generate a dysfunctional cascade and lead to life-incompatible diseases or severe syndromes. The known structural/functional changes in mitochondrial proteins and structures, which impact mitochondrial bioenergetics because of an impaired or defective energy transduction system, here reviewed, constitute the main biochemical damage in a variety of genetic and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Gaia Tioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Lenaz
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare, X-linked recessive, infantile-onset debilitating disorder characterized by early-onset cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle myopathy, growth delay, and neutropenia, with a worldwide incidence of 1/300,000-400,000 live births. The high mortality rate throughout infancy in BTHS patients is related primarily to progressive cardiomyopathy and a weakened immune system. BTHS is caused by defects in the TAZ gene that encodes tafazzin, a transacylase responsible for the remodeling and maturation of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), which is critical to normal mitochondrial structure and function (i.e., ATP generation). A deficiency in tafazzin results in up to a 95% reduction in levels of structurally mature CL. Because the heart is the most metabolically active organ in the body, with the highest mitochondrial content of any tissue, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of heart failure in patients with BTHS. Changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reduce the ability of mitochondria to meet the ATP demands of the human heart as well as skeletal muscle, namely ATP synthesis does not match the rate of ATP consumption. The presence of several cardiomyopathic phenotypes have been described in BTHS, including dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction, either alone or in conjunction with other cardiomyopathic phenotypes, endocardial fibroelastosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and an apical form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, among others, all of which can be directly attributed to the lack of CL synthesis, remodeling, and maturation with subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction. Several mechanisms by which these cardiomyopathic phenotypes exist have been proposed, thereby identifying potential targets for treatment. Dysfunction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase pump and inflammation potentially triggered by circulating mitochondrial components have been identified. Currently, treatment modalities are aimed at addressing symptomatology of HF in BTHS, but do not address the underlying pathology. One novel therapeutic approach includes elamipretide, which crosses the mitochondrial outer membrane to localize to the inner membrane where it associates with cardiolipin to enhance ATP synthesis in several organs, including the heart. Encouraging clinical results of the use of elamipretide in treating patients with BTHS support the potential use of this drug for management of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani N Sabbah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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40
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Metabolic Alterations Caused by Defective Cardiolipin Remodeling in Inherited Cardiomyopathies. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110277. [PMID: 33187128 PMCID: PMC7697959 DOI: 10.3390/life10110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the most energy-consuming organ in the human body. In heart failure, the homeostasis of energy supply and demand is endangered by an increase in cardiomyocyte workload, or by an insufficiency in energy-providing processes. Energy metabolism is directly associated with mitochondrial redox homeostasis. The production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) may overwhelm mitochondrial and cellular ROS defense mechanisms in case of heart failure. Mitochondria are essential cell organelles and provide 95% of the required energy in the heart. Metabolic remodeling, changes in mitochondrial structure or function, and alterations in mitochondrial calcium signaling diminish mitochondrial energy provision in many forms of cardiomyopathy. The mitochondrial respiratory chain creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which couples respiration with oxidative phosphorylation and the preservation of energy in the chemical bonds of ATP. Akin to other mitochondrial enzymes, the respiratory chain is integrated into the inner mitochondrial membrane. The tight association with the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) ensures its structural integrity and coordinates enzymatic activity. This review focuses on how changes in mitochondrial CL may be associated with heart failure. Dysfunctional CL has been found in diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemia reperfusion injury and the aging heart. Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by an inherited defect in the biosynthesis of cardiolipin. Moreover, a dysfunctional CL pool causes other types of rare inherited cardiomyopathies, such as Sengers syndrome and Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Ataxia (DCMA). Here we review the impact of cardiolipin deficiency on mitochondrial functions in cellular and animal models. We describe the molecular mechanisms concerning mitochondrial dysfunction as an incitement of cardiomyopathy and discuss potential therapeutic strategies.
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Petit PX, Ardilla-Osorio H, Penalvia L, Nathan E. R. Tafazzin Mutation Affecting Cardiolipin Leads to Increased Mitochondrial Superoxide Anions and Mitophagy Inhibition in Barth Syndrome. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102333. [PMID: 33096711 PMCID: PMC7589545 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tafazzin is a phospholipid transacylase that catalyzes the remodeling of cardiolipin, a mitochondrial phospholipid required for oxidative phosphorylation. Mutations of the tafazzin gene cause Barth syndrome, which is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy, leading to premature death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the cause of mitochondrial dysfunction in Barth syndrome remain poorly understood. We again highlight the fact that the tafazzin deficiency is also linked to defective oxidative phosphorylation associated with oxidative stress. All the mitochondrial events are positioned in a context where mitophagy is a key element in mitochondrial quality control. Here, we investigated the role of tafazzin in mitochondrial homeostasis dysregulation and mitophagy alteration. Using a HeLa cell model of tafazzin deficiency, we show that dysregulation of tafazzin in HeLa cells induces alteration of mitophagy. Our findings provide some additional insights into mitochondrial dysfunction associated with Barth syndrome, but also show that mitophagy inhibition is concomitant with apoptosis dysfunction through the inability of abnormal mitochondrial cardiolipin to assume its role in cytoplasmic signal transduction. Our work raises hope that pharmacological manipulation of the mitophagic pathway together with mitochondrially targeted antioxidants may provide new insights leading to promising treatment for these highly lethal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice X. Petit
- SSPIN Saints-Pères Paris Institut de Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, “Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Autophagy Signalling” Université de Paris—Campus Saint-Germain, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (R.N.E.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +33(0)6-78-24-80-87
| | - Hector Ardilla-Osorio
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Prions, INSERM-S 1124, Université de Paris—Campus Saint-Germain, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Lucile Penalvia
- SSPIN Saints-Pères Paris Institut de Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, “Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Autophagy Signalling” Université de Paris—Campus Saint-Germain, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (R.N.E.)
| | - Rainey Nathan E.
- SSPIN Saints-Pères Paris Institut de Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, “Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Autophagy Signalling” Université de Paris—Campus Saint-Germain, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (R.N.E.)
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Bozelli JC, Epand RM. Membrane Shape and the Regulation of Biological Processes. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5124-5136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Huang LS, Kotha SR, Avasarala S, VanScoyk M, Winn RA, Pennathur A, Yashaswini PS, Bandela M, Salgia R, Tyurina YY, Kagan VE, Zhu X, Reddy SP, Sudhadevi T, Punathil-Kannan PK, Harijith A, Ramchandran R, Bikkavilli RK, Natarajan V. Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase regulates NSCLC cell proliferation and migration by modulating mitochondrial dynamics. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13393-13406. [PMID: 32732285 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase (LYCAT), a cardiolipin (CL)-remodeling enzyme, is crucial for maintaining normal mitochondrial function and vascular development. Despite the well-characterized role for LYCAT in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, its involvement in lung cancer, if any, remains incompletely understood. In this study, in silico analysis of TCGA lung cancer data sets revealed a significant increase in LYCAT expression, which was later corroborated in human lung cancer tissues and immortalized lung cancer cell lines via indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, respectively. Stable knockdown of LYCAT in NSCLC cell lines not only reduced CL and increased monolyso-CL levels but also reduced in vivo tumor growth, as determined by xenograft studies in athymic nude mice. Furthermore, blocking LYCAT activity using a LYCAT mimetic peptide attenuated cell migration, suggesting a novel role for LYCAT activity in promoting NSCLC. Mechanistically, the pro-proliferative effects of LYCAT were mediated by an increase in mitochondrial fusion and a G1/S cell cycle transition, both of which are linked to increased cell proliferation. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel role for LYCAT in promoting NSCLC and suggest that targeting LYCAT expression or activity in NSCLC may provide new avenues for the therapeutic treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shuang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sainath R Kotha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Michelle VanScoyk
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert A Winn
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Arjun Pennathur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Mounica Bandela
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, I. M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sekhar P Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Lee RG, Gao J, Siira SJ, Shearwood AM, Ermer JA, Hofferek V, Mathews JC, Zheng M, Reid GE, Rackham O, Filipovska A. Cardiolipin is required for membrane docking of mitochondrial ribosomes and protein synthesis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs240374. [PMID: 32576663 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial inner membrane contains a unique phospholipid known as cardiolipin (CL), which stabilises the protein complexes embedded in the membrane and supports its overall structure. Recent evidence indicates that the mitochondrial ribosome may associate with the inner membrane to facilitate co-translational insertion of the hydrophobic oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins into the inner membrane. We generated three mutant knockout cell lines for the CL biosynthesis gene Crls1 to investigate the effects of CL loss on mitochondrial protein synthesis. Reduced CL levels caused altered mitochondrial morphology and transcriptome-wide changes that were accompanied by uncoordinated mitochondrial translation rates and impaired respiratory chain supercomplex formation. Aberrant protein synthesis was caused by impaired formation and distribution of mitochondrial ribosomes. Reduction or loss of CL resulted in divergent mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses. We show that CL is required to stabilise the interaction of the mitochondrial ribosome with the membrane via its association with OXA1 (also known as OXA1L) during active translation. This interaction facilitates insertion of newly synthesised mitochondrial proteins into the inner membrane and stabilises the respiratory supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Lee
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Junjie Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Stefan J Siira
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Shearwood
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Judith A Ermer
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Vinzenz Hofferek
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - James C Mathews
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Minghao Zheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Oliver Rackham
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Le CH, Benage LG, Specht KS, Li Puma LC, Mulligan CM, Heuberger AL, Prenni JE, Claypool SM, Chatfield KC, Sparagna GC, Chicco AJ. Tafazzin deficiency impairs CoA-dependent oxidative metabolism in cardiac mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12485-12497. [PMID: 32665401 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome is a mitochondrial myopathy resulting from mutations in the tafazzin (TAZ) gene encoding a phospholipid transacylase required for cardiolipin remodeling. Cardiolipin is a phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane essential for the function of numerous mitochondrial proteins and processes. However, it is unclear how tafazzin deficiency impacts cardiac mitochondrial metabolism. To address this question while avoiding confounding effects of cardiomyopathy on mitochondrial phenotype, we utilized Taz-shRNA knockdown (TazKD ) mice, which exhibit defective cardiolipin remodeling and respiratory supercomplex instability characteristic of human Barth syndrome but normal cardiac function into adulthood. Consistent with previous reports from other models, mitochondrial H2O2 emission and oxidative damage were greater in TazKD than in wild-type (WT) hearts, but there were no differences in oxidative phosphorylation coupling efficiency or membrane potential. Fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation capacities were 40-60% lower in TazKD mitochondria, but an up-regulation of glutamate oxidation supported respiration rates approximating those with pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine in WT. Deficiencies in mitochondrial CoA and shifts in the cardiac acyl-CoA profile paralleled changes in fatty acid oxidation enzymes and acyl-CoA thioesterases, suggesting limitations of CoA availability or "trapping" in TazKD mitochondrial metabolism. Incubation of TazKD mitochondria with exogenous CoA partially rescued pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine oxidation capacities, implicating dysregulation of CoA-dependent intermediary metabolism rather than respiratory chain defects in the bioenergetic impacts of tafazzin deficiency. These findings support links among cardiolipin abnormalities, respiratory supercomplex instability, and mitochondrial oxidant production and shed new light on the distinct metabolic consequences of tafazzin deficiency in the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H Le
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lindsay G Benage
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kalyn S Specht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lance C Li Puma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher M Mulligan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) interactions with mitochondrial membrane proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:993-1004. [PMID: 32453413 PMCID: PMC7329354 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) is a three-tailed variant of cardiolipin (CL), the signature lipid of mitochondria. MLCL is not normally found in healthy tissue but accumulates in mitochondria of people with Barth syndrome (BTHS), with an overall increase in the MLCL:CL ratio. The reason for MLCL accumulation remains to be fully understood. The effect of MLCL build-up and decreased CL content in causing the characteristics of BTHS are also unclear. In both cases, an understanding of the nature of MLCL interaction with mitochondrial proteins will be key. Recent work has shown that MLCL associates less tightly than CL with proteins in the mitochondrial inner membrane, suggesting that MLCL accumulation is a result of CL degradation, and that the lack of MLCL–protein interactions compromises the stability of the protein-dense mitochondrial inner membrane, leading to a decrease in optimal respiration. There is some data on MLCL–protein interactions for proteins involved in the respiratory chain and in apoptosis, but there remains much to be understood regarding the nature of MLCL–protein interactions. Recent developments in structural, analytical and computational approaches mean that these investigations are now possible. Such an understanding will be key to further insights into how MLCL accumulation impacts mitochondrial membranes. In turn, these insights will help to support the development of therapies for people with BTHS and give a broader understanding of other diseases involving defective CL content.
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Downregulation of miR-125b promotes resistance of glioma cells to TRAIL through overexpression of Tafazzin which is a mitochondrial protein. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2670-2680. [PMID: 31056533 PMCID: PMC6535077 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of Tafazzin (TAZ), a mitochondrial protein, is often observed in many cancers. However, the association between aberrant expression of TAZ and drug resistance remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the role of TAZ in regulating the TRAIL resistance in glioma. We thus established the TRAIL resistance models on glioma by using the U87 and U251 cell lines (U87/R and U251/R). As the results, obvious overexpression of TAZ was observed in U87/R and U251/R cells. However, knockdown of TAZ increased the sensitivity of U87/R and U251/R cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. By contrast, expression of miR-125b was downregulated in U87/R and U251/R cells compared to the parental U87 and U251 cells. Furthermore, decrease of miR-125b was responsible for overexpression of TAZ, because the results of dual-luciferase reporter assays verified that TAZ was targeted by miR-125b. We then showed that enforced expression of miR-125b resensitized the U87/R and U251/R cells to TRAIL-dependent damage of mitochondria and activation of caspase-9 and -3. We demonstrated that overexpression of TAZ caused by downregulation of miR-125b promoted resistance of glioma cells to TRAIL. MiR-125b/TAZ axis may represent a potential strategy to reverse the TRAIL in glioma.
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48
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Ghnaimawi S, Baum J, Liyanage R, Huang Y. Concurrent EPA and DHA Supplementation Impairs Brown Adipogenesis of C2C12 Cells. Front Genet 2020; 11:531. [PMID: 32595696 PMCID: PMC7303889 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary supplementation of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is considered to play positive roles in fetal neuro system development. However, maternal n−3 PUFAs may induce molecular reprogramming of uncommitted fetal myoblasts into adipocyte phenotype, in turn affecting lipid metabolism and energy expenditure of the offspring. The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the combined effects of EPA and DHA on C2C12 cells undergoing brown adipogenic differentiation. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured to confluency and then treated with brown adipogenic differentiation medium with and without 50 μM EPA and 50 μM DHA. After differentiation, mRNA and protein samples were collected. Gene expression and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot. General Proteomics analysis was conducted using mass spectrometric evaluation. The effect of EPA and DHA on cellular oxygen consumption was measured using a Seahorse XFP Analyzer. Cells treated with n−3 PUFAs had significantly less (P < 0.05) expression of the brown adipocyte marker genes PGC1α, DIO2, and UCP3. Expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes TFAM, PGC1α, and PGC1β were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) by n−3 PUFAs treatment. Expression of mitochondrial electron transportation chain (ETC)-regulated genes were significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by n−3 PUFAs, including ATP5J2, COX7a1, and COX8b. Mass spectrometric and western blot evaluation showed protein levels of enzymes which regulate the ETC and Krebs cycle, including ATP synthase α and β (F1F0 complex), citrate synthase, succinate CO-A ligase, succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex subunits (complex III), aconitate hydratase, cytochrome c, and pyruvate carboxylase were all decreased in the n−3 PUFAs group (P < 0.05). Genomic and proteomic changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, represented by significantly reduced oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, and proton leak (P < 0.05). This study suggested that EPA and DHA may alter the BAT fate of myoblasts by inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and activity and induce white-like adipogenesis, shifting the metabolism from lipid oxidation to synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghnaimawi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jamie Baum
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Mass spectrometric investigation of cardiolipins and their oxidation products after two-dimensional heart-cut liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Dawson N, Salmón P. Age-related increase in mitochondrial quantity may mitigate a decline in mitochondrial quality in red blood cells from zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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