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Semenovich DS, Zorova LD, Abramicheva PA, Andrianova NV, Elchaninov AV, Petrukhina AS, Pevzner IB, Manskikh VN, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY. Impact of Intermittent Fasting and Dietary Restriction on Redox State, Energetic Metabolism, and Liver Injury in Common Bile Duct Ligation Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:835. [PMID: 39061903 PMCID: PMC11273810 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to test whether we can treat cholestasis with dietary approaches applied after the onset of the disease. The effects of intermittent fasting and dietary restriction on liver damage caused by common bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats were studied, with particular attention paid to changes in the activity of enzymes of energy metabolism and antioxidant protection. Morphological changes in liver tissue and serum markers of liver damage were assessed in rats with BDL kept for one month on ad libitum diet, intermittent fasting, or 35% dietary restriction. We studied parameters of glucose metabolism (activity of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis enzymes), TCA cycle, and indicators of oxidative stress and redox status of the liver tissue. Dietary restriction resulted in an increase in gluconeogenesis activity, antioxidant capacity, and autophagy activation. When implemented after BDL, none of the dietary restriction protocols reduced the level of oxidative stress, detrimental morphological and biochemical alterations, or the fibrosis progression. Thus, under severe damage and oxidative stress developing in cholestasis, dietary restrictions are not hepatoprotective and can only be used in a pre-treatment mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Semenovich
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.S.); (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (N.V.A.); (I.B.P.); (V.N.M.)
| | - Ljubava D. Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.S.); (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (N.V.A.); (I.B.P.); (V.N.M.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina A. Abramicheva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.S.); (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (N.V.A.); (I.B.P.); (V.N.M.)
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.S.); (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (N.V.A.); (I.B.P.); (V.N.M.)
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Elchaninov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Aleksandra S. Petrukhina
- K.I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.S.); (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (N.V.A.); (I.B.P.); (V.N.M.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily N. Manskikh
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.S.); (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (N.V.A.); (I.B.P.); (V.N.M.)
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.S.); (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (N.V.A.); (I.B.P.); (V.N.M.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.S.); (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (N.V.A.); (I.B.P.); (V.N.M.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Abuelazm MT, Mohamed I, Naeem A, Khlidj Y, Tanashat M, Katamesh BE, Abusuilik H, Altobaishat O, Abdelnabi M, Abdelazeem B. Intermittent fasting regimens for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 36:371-381. [PMID: 38407890 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation. Intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy with the ability to induce weight loss, improve insulin sensitivity and reduce hepatic steatosis. We aim to compare the efficacy of different IF regimens for MASLD management. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating different IF regimens for MASLD. PubMed , EMBASE , WOS , SCOPUS and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until 10 April 2023. Analysis was performed using R software with the meta and netmeta packages. Mean difference (MD) was used to pool continuous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023418467). Our meta-analysis included eight randomized controlled trials with a total of 635 participants. The 5 : 2 diet significantly improved liver stiffness (MD, -0.32; 95% CI, -0.55 to -0.09; P < 0.01). Time-restricted feeding significantly improved liver steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter score) (MD, -39.83; 95% CI, -64.78 to -14.87; P < 0.01). No significant changes were observed in asparate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, basal metabolic index, blood pressure, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, fasting blood sugar, lean body mass or waist circumference across all IF regimens. However, alternate-day fasting showed positive results in anthropometric measures, including significant improvements in lean body mass, waist circumference, fat mass and weight reduction ( P < 0.05). IF regimens showed various positive effects on clinical outcomes in MASLD patients; however, these effects were not consistent. Therefore, a patient-tailored IF regimen should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Islam Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Ahmed Naeem
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Yehya Khlidj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | | | | | - Obieda Altobaishat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed Abdelnabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Basel Abdelazeem
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, West Virginia, USA
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Yu JH, Choi MG, Lee NY, Kwon A, Lee E, Koo JH. Hepatocyte GPCR signaling regulates IRF3 to control hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:48. [PMID: 38233853 PMCID: PMC10795343 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the innate immune response by recognizing and responding to foreign antigens. Recently, its roles in sterile conditions are being studied, as in metabolic and fibrotic diseases. However, the search on the upstream regulator for efficient pharmacological targeting is yet to be fully explored. Here, we show that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can regulate IRF3 phosphorylation through of GPCR-Gα protein interaction. RESULTS IRF3 and target genes were strongly associated with fibrosis markers in liver fibrosis patients and models. Conditioned media from MIHA hepatocytes overexpressing IRF3 induced fibrogenic activation of LX-2 hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In an overexpression library screening using active mutant Gα subunits and Phos-tag immunoblotting, Gαs was found out to strongly phosphorylate IRF3. Stimulation of Gαs by glucagon or epinephrine or by Gαs-specific designed GPCR phosphorylated IRF3. Protein kinase A (PKA) signaling was primarily responsible for IRF3 phosphorylation and Interleukin 33 (IL-33) expression downstream of Gαs. PKA phosphorylated IRF3 on a previously unrecognized residue and did not require reported upstream kinases such as TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Activation of Gαs signaling by glucagon induced IL-33 production in hepatocytes. Conditioned media from the hepatocytes activated HSCs, as indicated by α-SMA and COL1A1 expression, and this was reversed by pre-treatment of the media with IL-33 neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSIONS Gαs-coupled GPCR signaling increases IRF3 phosphorylation through cAMP-mediated activation of PKA. This leads to an increase of IL-33 expression, which further contributes to HSC activation. Our findings that hepatocyte GPCR signaling regulates IRF3 to control hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation provides an insight for understanding the complex intercellular communication during liver fibrosis progression and suggests therapeutic opportunities for the disease. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Gi Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ari Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Euijin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Marjot T, Tomlinson JW, Hodson L, Ray DW. Timing of energy intake and the therapeutic potential of intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in NAFLD. Gut 2023; 72:1607-1619. [PMID: 37286229 PMCID: PMC10359613 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a major public health concern and is associated with a substantial global burden of liver-related and cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. High total energy intake coupled with unhealthy consumption of ultra-processed foods and saturated fats have long been regarded as major dietary drivers of NAFLD. However, there is an accumulating body of evidence demonstrating that the timing of energy intake across a the day is also an important determinant of individual risk for NAFLD and associated metabolic conditions. This review summarises the available observational and epidemiological data describing associations between eating patterns and metabolic disease, including the negative effects of irregular meal patterns, skipping breakfast and night-time eating on liver health. We suggest that that these harmful behaviours deserve greater consideration in the risk stratification and management of patients with NAFLD particularly in a 24-hour society with continuous availability of food and with up to 20% of the population now engaged in shiftwork with mistimed eating patterns. We also draw on studies reporting the liver-specific impact of Ramadan, which represents a unique real-world opportunity to explore the physiological impact of fasting. By highlighting data from preclinical and pilot human studies, we present a further biological rationale for manipulating timing of energy intake to improve metabolic health and discuss how this may be mediated through restoration of natural circadian rhythms. Lastly, we comprehensively review the landscape of human trials of intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in metabolic disease and offer a look to the future about how these dietary strategies may benefit patients with NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Liver Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Omagari K, Maruta A, Yayama N, Yoshida Y, Okamoto K, Shirouchi B, Takeuchi S, Suruga K, Koba K, Ichimura-Shimizu M, Tsuneyama K. The Effects of Overnight Fasting Duration on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis with Advanced Fibrosis. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2023; 69:357-369. [PMID: 37940576 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.69.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can progress to hepatic fibrosis, and is associated with cardiovascular and liver-related mortality. To understand the pathogenesis of NASH, reliable animal models of the disease are useful. In animal studies, the animals are usually fasted overnight before biospecimens are taken, but little is known about the effects of fasting. Here, we investigated the impact of overnight fasting for approximately 9 to 17 h on glucose and lipid metabolism in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of diet-induced moderate and advanced NASH in comparison to normal SD rats. Our results revealed that in the moderate NASH model rats, the fasting duration did not affect glucose and lipid metabolism, the histopathological findings, or the hepatic mRNA expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. In contrast, in the normal rats, significant fasting time-dependent reductions were observed in the epididymal fat pad weight and the hepatic mRNA expression levels of adipose differentiation-related protein and heme oxygenase-1. Moreover, in the advanced NASH model rats, a significant fasting time-dependent reduction and increase were observed in the serum insulin level and mRNA expression level of alpha-smooth muscle actin, respectively. Our present results suggest that the influence of the overnight fasting duration differs among the healthy condition, moderate NASH, and advanced NASH statuses. Further studies are needed in humans to determine the appropriate overnight fasting duration for the accurate evaluation of glucose and lipid metabolism in NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Omagari
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
| | - Ayumi Maruta
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
| | - Natsuki Yayama
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
| | - Kyoko Okamoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
| | - Bungo Shirouchi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
| | - Shouhei Takeuchi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
| | - Kazuhito Suruga
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
| | - Kazunori Koba
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
| | | | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School
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6
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Cuevas-Fernández B, Fuentes-Almagro C, Peragón J. Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Implications of Cytoskeleton and Mitochondria in the Response of the Rat Brain to Starvation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020219. [PMID: 30678170 PMCID: PMC6412446 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term starvation provokes a metabolic response in the brain to adapt to the lack of nutrient intake and to maintain the physiology of this organ. Here, we study the changes in the global proteomic profile of the rat brain after a seven-day period of food deprivation, to further our understanding of the biochemical and cellular mechanisms underlying the situations without food. We have used two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry (2D-MS) in order to identify proteins differentially expressed during prolonged food deprivation. After the comparison of the protein profiles, 22 brain proteins were found with altered expression. Analysis by peptide mass fingerprinting and MS/MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer, MALDI-TOF/TOF) enabled the identification of 14 proteins differentially expressed that were divided into 3 categories: (1) energy catabolism and mitochondrial proteins; (2) chaperone proteins; and (3) cytoskeleton, exocytosis, and calcium. Changes in the expression of six proteins, identified by the 2D-MS proteomics procedure, were corroborated by a nanoliquid chromatography-mass spectrometry proteomics procedure (nLC-MS). Our results show that long-term starvation compromises essential functions of the brain related with energetic metabolism, synapsis, and the transmission of nervous impulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cuevas-Fernández
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Carlos Fuentes-Almagro
- Proteomics Unit, Central Service of Support to Research, University of Córdoba (SCAI), 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Juan Peragón
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Zhang QZ, Liu YL, Wang YR, Fu LN, Zhang J, Wang XR, Wang BM. Effects of telmisartan on improving leptin resistance and inhibiting hepatic fibrosis in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2689-2694. [PMID: 28962213 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the impacts of telmisartan (TEL) on hepatic fibrosis, serum leptin, leptin protein in liver tissue and its mRNA expression level in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control (N), model (M), polyene phosphatidylcholine (P) and TEL (T) groups. Group M and the intervention groups were given a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce NAFLD, followed by 4 weeks of intragastric administration of normal saline (1.0 ml/kg/day), polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC; 123.1 mg/kg/day) and TEL (8 mg/kg/day). The liver tissue was then assessed for the NAFLD activity score and fibrosis score (FS), and serum biochemistry and leptin levels were determined. Additionally, leptin protein expression levels were examined by western blotting and the expression of leptin mRNA was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. TEL significantly improved FS in rats (P<0.01) and was more effective than PPC. TEL significantly reduced the expression of serum leptin, as well as the expression levels of leptin protein and its mRNA in liver tissue (P<0.01); however, the effects of PPC were not significant (P>0.05). TEL reduced serum leptin, leptin protein and its mRNA in the liver tissue of NAFLD rats, and improved the pathological indicators of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Zan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Rong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Li-Na Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ru Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Fann DYW, Ng GYQ, Poh L, Arumugam TV. Positive effects of intermittent fasting in ischemic stroke. Exp Gerontol 2017; 89:93-102. [PMID: 28115234 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary protocol where energy restriction is induced by alternate periods of ad libitum feeding and fasting. Prophylactic intermittent fasting has been shown to extend lifespan and attenuate the progress and severity of age-related diseases such as cardiovascular (e.g. stroke and myocardial infarction), neurodegenerative (e.g. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) and cancerous diseases in animal models. Stroke is the second leading cause of death, and lifestyle risk factors such as obesity and physical inactivity have been associated with elevated risks of stroke in humans. Recent studies have shown that prophylactic IF may mitigate tissue damage and neurological deficit following ischemic stroke by a mechanism(s) involving suppression of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death pathways in animal stroke models. This review summarizes data supporting the potential hormesis mechanisms of prophylactic IF in animal models, and with a focus on findings from animal studies of prophylactic IF in stroke in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yang-Wei Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin Yong Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luting Poh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Lopez-Guadamillas E, Fernandez-Marcos PJ, Pantoja C, Muñoz-Martin M, Martínez D, Gómez-López G, Campos-Olivas R, Valverde AM, Serrano M. p21 Cip1 plays a critical role in the physiological adaptation to fasting through activation of PPARα. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34542. [PMID: 27721423 PMCID: PMC5056372 DOI: 10.1038/srep34542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting is a physiological stress that elicits well-known metabolic adaptations, however, little is known about the role of stress-responsive tumor suppressors in fasting. Here, we have examined the expression of several tumor suppressors upon fasting in mice. Interestingly, p21 mRNA is uniquely induced in all the tissues tested, particularly in liver and muscle (>10 fold), and this upregulation is independent of p53. Remarkably, in contrast to wild-type mice, p21-null mice become severely morbid after prolonged fasting. The defective adaptation to fasting of p21-null mice is associated to elevated energy expenditure, accelerated depletion of fat stores, and premature activation of protein catabolism in the muscle. Analysis of the liver transcriptome and cell-based assays revealed that the absence of p21 partially impairs the transcriptional program of PPARα, a key regulator of fasting metabolism. Finally, treatment of p21-null mice with a PPARα agonist substantially protects them from their accelerated loss of fat upon fasting. We conclude that p21 plays a relevant role in fasting adaptation through the positive regulation of PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lopez-Guadamillas
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain.,Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome Group, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA) in Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid E28049, Spain
| | - Cristina Pantoja
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Maribel Muñoz-Martin
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Dolores Martínez
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gómez-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Ramón Campos-Olivas
- Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Angela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC/UAM), Madrid E28029, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
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10
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Gender Differences in Response to Prolonged Every-Other-Day Feeding on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Hepatocytes in Mice. Nutrients 2016; 8:176. [PMID: 27007393 PMCID: PMC4808902 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting decreases glucose and insulin levels and increases insulin sensitivity and lifespan. Decreased food intake influences the liver. Previous studies have shown gender differences in response to various types of caloric restriction, including every-other-day (EOD) feeding, in humans and rodents. Our goal was to show the influence of prolonged EOD feeding on the morphology, proliferation and apoptosis of livers from male and female mice. After nine months of an EOD diet, the livers from male and female mice were collected. We examined their morphology on histological slides using the Hematoxilin and Eosine (H_E) method and Hoechst staining of cell nuclei to evaluate the nuclear area of hepatocytes. We also evaluated the expression of mRNA for proto-oncogens, pro-survival proteins and apoptotic markers using Real Time Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR). We noted increased lipid content in the livers of EOD fed female mice. EOD feeding lead to a decrease of proliferation and apoptosis in the livers of female and male mice, which suggest that tissue maintenance occurred during EOD feeding. Our experiment revealed sex-specific expression of mRNA for proto-oncogenes and pro-survival and pro-apoptotic genes in mice as well as sex-specific responses to the EOD treatment.
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Ippolito DL, AbdulHameed MDM, Tawa GJ, Baer CE, Permenter MG, McDyre BC, Dennis WE, Boyle MH, Hobbs CA, Streicker MA, Snowden BS, Lewis JA, Wallqvist A, Stallings JD. Gene Expression Patterns Associated With Histopathology in Toxic Liver Fibrosis. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:67-88. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Naringenin reduces cholesterol-induced hepatic inflammation in rats by modulating matrix metalloproteinases-2, 9 via inhibition of nuclear factor κB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:96-105. [PMID: 25446569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of hepatic abnormalities that extends from isolated steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and steatofibrosis. NASH is the progressive form of the disease that can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Naringenin (NGEN), a healthful food, increases resistance to oxidative stress, inflammation and protects against multiple organ injury in various animal models. However, specific mechanisms responsible for such effects are poorly understood. Thus, this study investigates the effect of treatment with NGEN (50mg/kg) on oxidative events and the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammatory changes triggered in the rat liver by a high cholesterol diet for 90 days. NGEN significantly decreased the plasma fatty acid composition, the hepatic pro-inflammatory mediators and the expression of relevant genes including tumor necrosis factor-α, interlukin-6, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, 9), EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 (macrophage F4/80-specific gene); which suggests a reduced macrophage infiltration, and inhibited oxidative stress related biomarker levels at the end point of the experiment. Mechanistically, studies showed that NGEN markedly reduced lipid and protein oxidations, recruited the anti-oxidative defense system and promoted extracellular matrix degradation by modulating the levels of necrotic inflammation.
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